Escuela Politécnica Nacional: Escuela de Ingeniería

ESCUELA POLITCNICA NACIONAL
ESCUELA DE INGENIERA
PROYECTO PREVIO A LA OBTENCIN DEL TTULO DE INGENIERO EN

ELECTRNICA Y TELECOMUNICACIONES
YAHAIRA ISOLINA BENITEZ MOREJN

HERMINIA DE LOS NGELES DUQUE OA
DIRECTOR: ING. PATRICIO ORTEGA
QUITO, Junio 2006

DECLARACIN
Nosotros, Yahaira Isolina Bentez Morejn y Herminia de los ngeles Duque

Oa, declaramos bajo juramento que el trabajo aqu descrito es de nuestra
autora; que no ha sido previamente presentado para ningn grado o
calificacin personal; y, que hemos consultado las referencias bibliogrficas
que se incluyen en este documento.
A travs de la presente declaracin cedemos nuestros derechos de propiedad

intelectual correspondientes a este trabajo, a la Escuela Politcnica Nacional,
segn lo establecido por la Ley de Propiedad Intelectual, por su Reglamento y
por la normatividad institucional vigente.
Herminia de los Angeles Duque Oa

CERTIFICACIN
que el presente trabajo fue desarrollado por Yahaira Isolina Bentez
Morejn y Herminia de los ngeles Duque Oa bajo mi supervisin.
'isa
.-33?
AGRADECIMIENTO
En primer lugar a Dios por darnos fuerzas para ser constantes, a nuestros
padres por darnos todo el apoyo necesario para la culminacin de una de las
metas mas importantes de nuestra vida, a nuestros familiares, a nuestros
amigos por saber apoyarnos de una manera desinteresada y a los Ingenieros
Patricio Ortega y Fernando Carrera por su tiempo y sus valiosos consejos.
YAHAIRA ISOLINA
HERMINIA DE LOS ANGELES
DEDiCATORIA
Dedjeo;,ste ^trabajo a tres personas muy importantes en mi vida a mis padres

Bolvar y Gloria por ser mi ejemplo, para superarme cada da, por su apoyo
constante a lo largo de mi carrera, por ser las personas que siempre estn
conmigo de manera incondicional, y a mi hermano Ornar por su valiosa ayuda y
apoyo desinteresado.
DEDICATORIA
i
Dedico este trabajo a lo ms importante en mi vida MI FAMILIA.
A MIS PADRES quienes me brindaron siempre su apoyo incondicional y gracias a

su inmenso sacrificio hoy es una realidad uno de mis ms importantes anhelos.
A MIS HERMANAS por el estmulo emocional y moral en todo momento de mi

vida de estudiante.
A MIS CUADOS, SOBRINOS y SOBRINAS por su apoyo.
HERMINIA DE LOS ANGELES

NDICE
NDICE I
NDICE DE FIGURAS V
NDICE DE TABLAS IX
RESUMEN XIII
PRESENTACIN XV
CAPITULO I
CARACTERSTICAS GENERALES DE PETROECUADORYSUS FILIALES

f
1.1 PETROECUADORYSUS FILIALES 1
1.1.1 PETROECUADOR, Matriz (Administracin Corporativa) 2
1.1.2 PETROPRODUCCION (Exploracin y Produccin de Petrleo) 4
1.1.3 PETROCOMERCIAL (Venta y Distribucin de Combustibles) 7
1.1.4 PETROINDUSTRIAL (Produccin de Derivados) 10
CAPTULO II
ANLISIS Y DIAGNSTICO DE LAS REDES DE TELECOMUNICACIONES DE

LAS FILIALES DE PETROECUADOR
^
2.1 REDES EXISTENTES DE PETROPRODUCCION 12
2.1.1 RED DE MICROONDAS 12
2.1.1.1 RED DE MICROONDAS QUITO 14
2.1.1.1.1 Enlace Edificio VILLAFUERTE-PICHINCHA 14
2.1.1.1.2 Enlace Edificio LA TRIBUNA -PICHINCHA 22
2.1.1.1.3 Enlace Edificio INVESTIGACIONES GEOLGICAS

LITOTECA (San Rafael) - PICHINCHA 27
2.1.1.2 RED DE MICROONDAS DISTRITO AMAZNICO 32
2.1.1.2.1. ENLACES DE LAS ESTACIONES DE
PETROPRODUCCION EN EL DISTRITO
* AMAZNICO 32
2.1.2 RED DE DATOS PETROPRODUCCION 40
2.2 REDES EXISTENTES DE PETROCOMERCIAL-PETROINDUSTRIAL 42
2.2.1 RED DE MICROONDAS 42
2.2.1.1 ENLACE EDIFICIO EL ROCO-PICHINCHA 45
2.2.2 RED DE DATOS PETROCOMERCIAL - PETROINDUSTRIAL 5
2.3 DIAGNSTICO DEL SISTEMA EXISTENTE 56
2.4 CARACTERSTICAS DE INTERCONEXIN 58
CAPTULO III
ESTUDIO DE TRFICO Y MERCADO PARA EL DIMENSIONAMIENTO DE LA

RED DE TELECOMUNICACIONES ADMINISTRADA POR PETROTELECOM
3.1 ESTUDIO DE TRFICO 60

3.1.1 TRFICO TELEFNICO 60
3.1.1.1 GENERALIDADES SOBRE TRFICO TELEFNICO 60
3.1.1.2 ANLISIS DE TRFICO TELEFNICO 63
3.1.1.2.1 PETROECUADOR, Matriz 64
3.1.1.2.2 PETROPRODUCCION 68
3.1.1.2.3 PETROCOMERCIAL 76
3.1.1.2.4 PETROINDUSTRIAL 80
3.1.2 TRFICO DE DATOS 84
3.1.2.1 PETROPRODUCCION 84
3.1.2.1 PETROPROCOMERCIAL Y PETROINDUSTRIAL 84
3.2 ESTUDIO DE DEMANDA 85
3.2.1 PROCESAMIENTO Y ANLISIS DE LA
INFORMACIN 85
3.2.2 DETERMINACIN DE REQUERIMIENTOS DE ANCHO DE
BANDA 89
CAPITULO IV
DISEO DE LA RED DE TELECOMUNICACIONES
4.1 DETERMINACIN DE LA TOPOLOGA DE RED 96

4.2 DISEO JERRQUICO EN TRES CAPAS 98
4.2.1 DISEO DEL BACKBONE DE LA RED 98
4,2.1.1 BACKBONE IP/ATM 99
4.2.1.2 BACKBONE IP/SDH 102
4.2.1.3 SELECCIN DEL BACKBONE DE RED 107
4.2.1.4 COMPONENTES DEL BACKBONE IP/SDH 108
4.2.1.4.1 ANILLO SDH 108
4.2.14.2 ROUTERS IP 120
4.2.1.4.3 ENLACES INALMBRICOS 125
4.2.2 DISEO DE LA CAPA DISTRIBUCIN 128
4.2.3 DISEO DE LA CAPA ACCESO 131
4.2.4 SERVICIOS DE LA RED 133
4.2.4.1 ACCESO A INTERNET 133
4.2.4.1.1 PROTECCIN DE LA RED 136
4.2.4.2 VOIP (VOZ SOBRE IP) 140
4.2.4.3 VIDEOCONFERENCIA SOBRE IP 142
4.2.5 DIRECCIONAMIENTOIP 150
4.2.6 CARACTERSTICAS DE GESTIN DE LA RED 152
4.2.6.1 SELECCIN DEL OSS 152
4.2.7 RESUMEN DE LA PROPUESTA DE RED 157
CAPITULO V
5.1 COSTOS DE INVERSIN 162

5.1.1 COSTOS DE EQUIPOS, MEDIOS DE TRANSMISIN Y
ACCESORIOS 162
5.1.2 COSTOS DE INSTALACIN 166
5.1.3 COSTOS DE CAPACITACIN 167
5.1.4 COSTOS DE INGENIERA 168
5.2 COSTOS DE OPERACIN Y MANTENIMIENTO 168
5.3 COSTO TOTAL DEL PROYECTO 171
CAPITULO VI
PROPUESTA DE LA ESTRUCTURA BSICA DE ORGANIZACIN PARA

PETROTELECOM
6.1 MISIN 172

t 6.2 VISIN 172
6.3 OBJETIVOS 172
6.4 ESTRUCTURA BSICA DE ORGANIZACIN DE PETROTELECOM 173
6.4.1 ESQUEMA ORGANIZACIONAL 173
6.4.2 DESCRIPCIN DEL ESQUEMA ORGANIZACIONAL 175
6.4.3 DOTACIN DE PERSONAL 186
CAPTULO Vil
CONCLUSIONES Y RECOMENDACIONES
^ 7.1 CONCLUSIONES 18
7.1.1 CONCLUSIONES DISEO DE PROPUESTA DE RED 188
7.1.2 CONCLUSIONES DE NDOLE TECNOLGICA 190
7.1.3 CONCLUSIONES ESTRUCTURA DE ORGANIZACIN DE
PETROTELECOM 191
7.1.4 CONCLUSIONES DE NDOLE ECONMICA 191
7.2 RECOMENDACIONES 193
BIBLIOGRAFA 195
GLOSARIO DE TRMINOS 200
ANEXOS
NDICE DE FIGURAS
CAPTULO I
Figura 1.1 Estructura de PETROECUADOR. 1

Figura 1.2 Edificio Matriz - PETROECUADOR Av. 6 de Diciembre y
Alpallana 2
Figura 1.3 Estructura Organizacional de PETROECUADOR. 3
Figura 1.4 Edificio La Tribuna - Petroproduccin Av. De los Shyris N34-
382 y Portugal 4
Figura 1.5 Edificio Viilafuerte Matriz de PETROPRODUCCIN Av. 6 de 5
Diciembre N34-290 y Gaspar Caero.
Figura 1.6 San Rafael Laboratorio De Geologa y Yacimientos SAN
RAFAEL, Valle de los Chillos Av. Genera! Enrquez. 5
Figura 1.7 Estructura Organizacional de PETROPRODUCCIN. 6
Figura 1.8 Edificio El Roco - PETROCOMERCIAL Av. 6 de Diciembre y
Alpailana 7
Figura 1.9 Estructura organizacional de PETROCOMERCIAL 8
Figura 1.10 Edificio Mara Victoria - PETROINDUSTRIAL
Alpallana E7-50 y Whymper 9
Figura 1.11 Estructura organizacional de PETROINDUSTRIAL 10
Figura 1.12 Edificios de PETROECUADOR y sus filiales en Quito. 11
CAPITULO II
Figura 2.1 Sistema Microonda Digital Distrito Quito - Distrito Amaznico 13

Figura 2.2 Centra! Telefnica Digital Meridian 1 opcin 61C 16
Figura 2.3 Equipo de radio Ed. Viilafuerte 17
Figura 2.4 Antena Andrew Ed. Viilafuerte 17
Figura 2.5 Multiplexor Bayly 19
Figura 2.6 Enlace Edificio Viilafuerte- Pichincha 21
Figura 2.7 Central Telefnica Digital Meridian 1 opcin 11C 24
Figura 2.8 Equipo de radio Ed. Tribuna 25
Figura 2.9 Antena Andrew Ed. La Tribuna 25
Figura 2.10 Router Cisco 1751 26
Figura 2.11 Enlace Edificio La Tribuna- Pichincha 27
Figura 2.12 Enlace Edificio Investigaciones Geolgicas Litoteca (San 31
Rafael) - Pichincha
Figura 2.13 Sistema Microonda Digital Distrito Amaznico 32
Figura 2.14 Antenas de Microondas Sacha Central 33
Figura 2.15 Antenas de Microondas Sacha Norte 1 33
Figura 2.16 Antena de Microondas Sacha Norte 2 34
Figura 2.17 Antena de Microondas Pucuna 35
Figura 2.18 Antenas de Microondas Estacin Coca 35
Figura 2.19 Antenas de Microondas Estacin Shushufindi 36
Figura 2.20 Torre Lago Agrio 37
Figura 2.21 Torre Aguarico 37
Figura 2.22 Red de Datos PETROPRODUCCION 41
Figura 2.23 Sistema Microonda Digital PETROCOMERCIAL - 43
PETROINDUSTRIAL
Figura 2.24 Sistema de enlaces de los ruteadores PETROCOMERCIAL- 44
PETROINDUSTRIAL
Figura 2.25 Mitel 3300 ICP 46
Figura 2.26 Switch Cisco Catalyst 3500 48
Figura 2.27 Routers Vanguard 6435/6455 48
Figura 2.28 Equipo de radio Ed. El Roco 50
Figura 2.29 Enlace Edificio El Roco - Pichincha 51
Figura 2.30 Enlace Edificio Mara Victoria - E Roco - Pichincha 53
Figura 2.31 Red de datos de PETROCOMERCIAL 55
Figura 2.32 Esquema General de Interconexin 59
CAPITULO III
Figura 3.1 Trfico Telefnico Edificio PETROECUADOR, MATRIZ 66

Figura 3.2 Hora Pico Edificio PETROECUADOR, MATRIZ 67
Figura 3.3 Trfico Telefnico Edificio VILJJ\FUERTE 70
Figura 3.4 Hora Pico Edificio VILLAFUERTE 71
Figura 3.5 Trfico Telefnico Edificio LA TRIBUNA 74
Figura 3.6 Hora Pico Edificio LA TRIBUNA 75
Figura 3,7 Trfico Telefnico Edificio EL ROCO 78
Figura 3.8 Hora Pico Edificio EL ROCO 79
Figura 3.9 Trfico Telefnico Edificio MARA VICTORIA 82
Figura 3.10 Hora Pico Edificio MARlA VICTORIA 83
Figura 3.11 Utilizacin de servicios 86
Figura 3.12 Calidad del servicio de comunicaciones 87
Figura 3.13 Servicios requeridos por los usuarios de Petroecuador, Matriz 88
Figura 3.14 Servicios requeridos por los usuarios de Petroproduccin 88
Figura 3.15 Servicios requeridos por los usuarios de Petrocomercial 88
Figura 3,16 Servicios requeridos por los usuarios de Petroindustrial 89
Figura 3.17 Formato de un paquete de VolP 90
Figura 3.18 Formato de trama PPP . 90
CAPTULO IV
Figura 4.1 IP/ATM 101

Figura 4.2 Backbone (IP/ATM) 102
Figura 4.3 Stack de protocolos de IP sobre SDH 104
Figura 4.4 IP sobre SDH - Formato de tramas 105
Figura 4.5 Backbone ptico(IP/SDH) 106
Figura 4.6 Backbone inalmbrico(lP/SDH) 106
Figura 4.7 Topologa fsica anillo 109
Figura 4.8 Ruta Principal 111
Figura 4.9 Ruta de Respaldo 112
Figura 4.10 Backbone IP/SDH y Capa Distribucin 130
-"
Figura .^rl Propuesta de red 149
CAPiTULOV
Figura 5.1 , Diagrama de bloques de equipos, medios de transmisin y 163

accesorios
Figura 6.1 Organigrama de PETROTELECOM 174

NDICE DE TABLAS
CAPITULO II
Tabla 2.1 Coordenadas geogrficas enlace Ed. Villafuerte - Pichincha 14

Tabla 2.2 Datos tcnicos, enlace Ed. Vilafuerte - Pichincha 14
Tabla 2.3 Caractersticas equipo de radio 17
Tabla 2.4 Caractersticas de multiplexores Bayly Ed. Villafuerte 19
Tabla 2.5 Coordenadas geogrficas enlace Ed. La Tribuna - 22
Pichincha
Tabla 2.6 Datos tcnicos, enlace Ed. La Tribuna Pichincha 22
Tabla 2.7 Caractersticas equipo de radio Urbanet 18Z 24
Tabla 2.8 Caractersticas de multiplexores Bayly Ed. La Tribuna 25
Tabla 2.9 Coordenadas geogrficas enlace Ed. Investigaciones 27
Geolgicas Litoteca (San Rafael) - Pichincha
Tabla 2.10 Datos tcnicos, Edificio de Investigaciones Geolgicas 28
Litoteca (San Rafael) - Pichincha
Tabla 2.11 Caractersticas equipo de radio Microstar 30
Tabla 2.12 Caractersticas de multiplexores Bayly San Rafael 30
Tabla 2.13 Ubicacin Estacin Sacha Central 32
Tabla 2.14 Ubicacin Estacin Sacha Norte 1 33
Tabla 2.15 Ubicacin Estacin Sacha Norte 2 34
Tabla 2.16 Ubicacin Estacin Pucuna 34
Tabla 2.17 Ubicacin Estacin Coca 35
Tabla 2.18 Ubicacin Estacin Shushufindi 36
Tabla 2.19 Ubicacin Estacin Lago Agrio 36
Tabla 2.20 Ubicacin Torre Aguarico 37
Tabla 2,21 Caractersticas Centrales telefnicas Shushufindi, Sacha y 38
Auca
Tabla 2.22 Caractersticas radio microonda digital Shushufindi, Auca, 38
Coca y Sacha
Tabla 2,23 Caractersticas Cisco 1751 Shushufindi, Auca, Coca y 38
Sacha
Tabla 2.24 Caractersticas Central telefnica Lago Agrio 39
Tabla 2.25 Caractersticas radio microonda digital Lago Agrio 39
Tabla 2.26 Caractersticas Cisco 1751 Lago Agrio 39
Tabla 2.27 Coordenadas geogrficas enlace Ed. El Roco - Pichincha 45
Tabla 2.28 Datos tcnicos, enlace Ed. El Roco - Pichincha 45
Tabla 2.29 Caractersticas Central Mitel 3300 ICP 47
Tabla 2.30 Caractersticas Equipo de radio Ed. El Roco 49
Tabla 2,31 Caractersticas Mux Bayly Ed. El Roco 50
Tabla 2.32 Caractersticas Centra! Mitel 3300 (PIN) 52
Tabia 2.33 Equipos y usuarios de PETROECUADOR y sus filiales 56
CAPITULO Itl
Tabla 3.1 Trfico Telefnico Edificio PETROECUADOR, MATRIZ 65

Tabla 3.2 Trfico Telefnico 09/05/05 Edificio PETROECUADOR,
MATRIZ 67
Tabla 3.3 Trfico Telefnico Edificio VILLAFUERTE 69
Tabla 3.4 Trfico Telefnico 17/05/05 Edificio VILLAFUERTE 71
Tabla 3.5 Trfico Telefnico Edificio LA TRIBUNA 73
Tabla 3.6 Trfico Telefnico 12/05/05 Edificio LA TRIBUNA 75
Tabla 3.7 Trfico Telefnico Edificio EL ROCO 77
Tabla 3.8 Trfico Telefnico 04/05/05 Edificio EL ROCO 79
Tabla 3.9 Trfico Telefnico Edificio MARA VICTORIA 81
Tabla 3.10 Trfico Telefnico 25/05/05 Edificio MARA VICTORIA 83
Tabla 3.1 1 Caractersticas de codee G.729a 90
Tabla 3.12 Demanda de ancho de banda para voz 92
Tabla 3.13 Ancho de banda tpico para servicios de datos 92
Tabla 3.14 Demanda existente de servicios en el SISTEMA 93
PETROECUADOR
Tabla 3.15 Demanda de ancho de banda para datos 94
Tabla 3.16 Demanda total de ancho de banda existente para la 94
propuesta de red
CAPITULO IV
Tabla 4.1 Distancias cuartos de telecomunicaciones t to-

Tabla 4.2 Ruta Principal no
Tabla 4.3 Ruta de Respaldo 113
Tabla 4.4 Caractersticas generales ALCATEL 6801 Lose Tube 115
Cable
Tabla 4.5 Caractersticas generales Cable ptico Areo 116
Autosoportado CFOA- SM-FIG.8-G
Tabla 4.6 Requerimientos para cable de fibra ptica 117
Tabla 4.7 Caractersticas generales ALCATEL 1642 Edge Multiplexer 118
Tabla 4.8 Caractersticas generales TransXpress SMA1K 119
Tabla 4.9 Requerimientos para muitiplexor ADM 120
Tabla 4.10 Soporte de protocolos para routers IP 121
Tabla 4.11 Protocolos de seguridad 121
Tabla 4.12 Caractersticas generales Router Cisco 7204VXR 122
Tabla 4.13 Caractersticas generales Router Vanguard 6455 124
Tabla 4.14 Requerimientos para Routers IP 125
Tabla 4.15 Caractersticas Generales Radio Microonda Digital Harris, 126
Truepoint 5200
Tabla 4.16 Equipos de capa distribucin 128
Tabla 4.17 Equipos de capa acceso 131
Tabla 4.18 Utilizacin de Internet Petroecuador, Matriz 134
Tabla 4.19 Utilizacin de Internet Petroproduccin 135
Tabla 4.20 Utilizacin de internet Petrocomerciai - Petroindustrial 135
Tabla 4,21 Caractersticas Generales FIREWALL 3COM SUPERSTAK 138
3
Tabla 4.22 Caractersticas Generales FIREWALL Cisco PIX 515E 139
Tabla 4.23 Requerimiento para firewall 140
Tabla 4.24 Caractersticas de Equipo de Videoconferenca VSX 3000 143
Tabla 4.25 Caractersticas de Equipo de Videoconferencia VSX 7000s 145
Tabla 4.26 Caractersticas de Equipo de Videoconferencia PCS-TL50 147
Tabla 4.27 Requerimientos para Equipos de Videoconferencia 148
Tabla 4.28 Direccionamiento IP de subredes 151
Tabla 4.29 Direccionamiento IP de enlaces 151
Tabla 4.30 Caractersticas generales ALCATEL 5620 OSS 153
Tabla 4,31 Caractersticas generales NETOPTIMIZE OSS 155
Tabla 4.32 Requerimientos para OSS 156
Tabla 4.33 Resumen propuesta de red 158
CAPITULO V
Tabla 5.1 Costos de Equipos 164

Tabla 5.2 Costos de Medios de Transmisin y Accesorios 165
Tabla 5.3 Costos de instalacin 166
Tabla 5.4 Costos de Capacitacin 167
Tabla 5.5 Costos de Ingeniera 168
Tabla 5.6 Costos de Operacin y Mantenimiento mensual de personal 169
Tabla 5.7 Costos de Operacin y Mantenimiento total anual de 170
personal
Tabla 5.8 Costos de Operacin y Mantenimiento anual 170
Tabla 5.9 Costo Total de Inversin 171
Tabla 5.10 Costo Total de Operacin y Mantenimiento anual 171
CAPITULO VI
Tabla 6.1 Dotacin de Personal 186

RESUMEN
El presente proyecto titulado "Diseo de una propuesta de red de unificacin de

las redes de telecomunicaciones de las filiales de PETROECUADOR
administrada por PETROTELECOM31, tiene como objetivo disear una propuesta
de red que permita enlazar las redes de telecomunicaciones de las filiales de
PETROECUADOR, la que estar administrada por PETROTELECOM, para
optimizar la gestin y ei uso de recursos.
Este proyecto consta de siete captulos:
El captulo uno presenta informacin general de PETROECUADOR y sus

filiales PETROPRODUCCIN, PETROCOMERCIAL y PETROINDUSTRIAL
En el segundo captulo se identifican las interfaces de voz y datos de las redes

existentes que tiene cada filial de PETROECUADOR y se analizan las
condiciones que se deben cumplir para la interconexin con ia nueva red.
En el tercer captulo se realiza un estudio de trfico y de mercado que nos

permiti determinar necesidades actuales y futuras de comunicacin como voz,
datos, multimedia, video, imgenes y video conferencia en tiempo real as como
dimensionar la capacidad de la propuesta de red.
El cuarto captulo presenta el diseo de la propuesta de red que ntegra las filiales
de PETROECUADOR tomando en cuenta las rnterfaces de las redes existentes,
la proyeccin a mediano plazo y las caractersticas necesarias para permitir la
gestin unificada. Para el diseo se utiliz la tecnologa IP/SDH y e! diseo
jerrquico en tres capas, cuyo backbone se conforma de un anillo SDH STM-1.
En el quinto captulo se presenta la estimacin de costos para el proyecto, lo que

muestra una idea del capital que se necesita para la implementacin de la red.
En el sexto captulo se propone una estructura bsica de organizacin para
PETROTELECOM que cumple con los requerimientos tcnicos, operativos y
administrativos de dicha empresa. PETROTELECOM se crear a partir de la
unificacin de las redes de telecomunicaciones del SISTEMA PETROECUADOR
y se encargar exciusivamente del manejo de las telecomunicaciones.
En el sptimo captulo se presentan las conclusiones y recomendaciones

remitidas a los resultados obtenidos en el desarrollo del proyecto de titulacin.
Finalmente se presentan anexos que contienen documentacin que

complementan la comprensin del proyecto.
PRESENTACIN
PETROECUADOR est conformado por una Matriz y tres Filiales;

Petroproduccin, Petroindustrial y Petrocomercial; las cuales tienen redes de
telecomunicaciones independientes.
l presente proyecto propone una alternativa para la unificacin de las redes de

telecomunicaciones de las filiales de PETROECUADOR que ayuda a resolver las
necesidades que tienen los usuarios de dichas filiales, agilitando y mejorando la
informacin entre ellas. Se sugiere nuevos equipos acordes con las tecnologas
actuales teniendo mayores alternativas para superar los problemas existentes de
comunicacin. Adems se presenta una estructura bsica de organizacin para
PETROTELECOM, una nueva filial que permitir que !as telecomunicaciones
dentro de PETROECUADOR ocupen un lugar importante ya que tanto las
telecomunicaciones como el petrleo son un punto clave para ei desarrollo del
pas.
Con el proyecto planteado se podr alcanzar una mejor coordinacin de

actividades, compartir proyectos en el sector de las Telecomunicaciones y lo ms
importante unir esfuerzos e infraestructura en forma ms planificada como una
sola empresa que es PETROECUADOR para apoyar la actividad petrolera con
mayor eficiencia,
Ante la cambiante tecnologa que se ha desarrollado en el mundo

PETROECUADOR no puede quedarse atrs tiene que mantenerse a la
vanguardia y ser cada vez mejor porque uno de los parmetros ms importantes
para medir el estado de desarrollo tecnolgico de una empresa es el estado de
sus comunicaciones.
CAPITULO I
1. CARACTERSTICAS GENERALES DE
PETROECUADOR Y SUS FILIALES
1.1 PETROECUADOR Y SUS FILIALES
PETROECUADOR, Empresa Estatal Petrleos del Ecuador tiene como objeto

explorar y explotar los yacimientos hidrocarburferos que se encuentren en e
territorio nacional, incluido el mar territorial.
Esta empresa se encarga de planificar, coordinar y supervisar las actividades de

las empresas filiales; controlar que aquellas sean ejecutadas de manera regular y
eficiente; normar y controlar que las filiales preserven el equilibrio ecolgico, as
como evitar que sus actividades afecten negativamente a la organizacin
econmica y social de las poblaciones asentadas en las zonas donde ellas
operan.
PETROECUADOR est conformada por una Matriz y tres Filiales:

Petroproduccin, Petroindustrial y Petrocomercial. A todo el conjunto se lo
denomina SISTEMA PETROECUADOR.
\R
EMPRESA ESTAU.
- PETRLEOS OCL ECUADOR
Figura 1.1: Estructura de PETROECUADOR

1.1.1 PETROECUAJDOR, MATRIZ1 (ADMINISTRACIN CORPORATIVA)
Figura 1.2: Edificio Matriz- PETROECUADOR

Av. 6 de Diciembre y Alpaliana
Esta empresa tiene adscritas dos reas operativas:
Gerencia de Comercio Internacional

Gerencia de Oleoducto
Gerencia de Comercio Internacional
Se encarga de introducir a la Empresa en e! mercado mundial de hidrocarburos a

travs de la exportacin de los excedentes de crudo y derivados, as como la
importacin de productos intermedios y finales.
1 PETROECUADOR: httpr/Avww.petroecueador.com.ec
PETROECUADOR, El petrleo en Ecuador su historia y su importancia en la Economa
Nacional. Sistemgraf. Quito. Junio 2004
Gerencia de Oleoducto
rea operativa de Petroecuador se encarga del transporte de crudo desde e

Oriente a centros de refinacin en la Costa y Terminal Martimo de Balao para se
exportado a los mercados internacionales, manteniendo la infraestructura en las
mejores condiciones operacionaies y protegiendo el medio ambiente.
Estructura Organizaconal de PETROECUADOR
' Coordinacin Comefcalizacin * Presupuesto * Relaciones

Tcnica Operaciones ' Recutsos Industriales
* Monloreo ' Documentos Financieros
Financieros ' Capacitacin
"Sodo-Cultural * Adm, Financela " Sistemas
Martimo
" Servicios
"Seguios
" Ranificatin
Figura 1.3: Estructura Organizacional de PETROECUADOR
Petroecuador, Matriz; en su estructura organizacional no posee un Departamento

de Telecomunicaciones, ya que el manejo de la Central Telefnica se encuentra a
cargo del Departamento de Servicios. Petroecuador, Matriz tiene 350 usuarios de
voz y 220 usuarios de datos2.
2USUARIOS VOZ Y DATOS: Informacin obtenida en la Unidad de Servicios y Departamento de Sistemas

(Petroecuador, Matriz)
1.1.2 PETROPRODUCCION (EXPLORACIN Y PRODUCCIN DE
PETRLEO)3
PETROPRODUCCION, filial de PETROECUADOR, es la encargada de explota

las cuencas sedimentarias, operar y explotar los campos hidrocarburferos
asignados a PETROECUADOR, incrementar las reservas y transportar el petrleo
y gas hasta los centros principales de almacenamiento.
Figura 1.4: Edificio La Tribuna - Petroproduccin

Av. De los Shyris N34-382 y Portugal
3 PETROPRODUCCTN: http://mw.petroproducciQn.CQm.ee/
~1
Figura 1.5: Edificio Villafuerte Matriz de PETROPRODUCCION

Av, 6 de Diciembre N34-290 y Gaspar Caero
Figura 1.6: San Rafael Laboratorio De Geologa y Yacimientos

SAN RAFAEL, Valle de los Chillos Av. General Enrquez
Estructura Organizacional de Petroproduccin
Figura 1.7: Estructura Organizacional de PETROPRODUCCIN
PETROPRODUCCIN cuenta con una red de telecomunicaciones de la cual la

Unidad de Telecomunicaciones se encarga de la red de microondas, la red
telefnica y el Departamento de Sistemas se encarga de la red de datos.
La Unidad de Telecomunicaciones est conformada por:
Jefe de Telecomunicaciones.
5 Ingenieros.
3 Tecnlogos.
9 Tcnicos.
2 Secretarias.
El Departamento de Sistemas est conformado por:
Jefe de Sistemas.
3 Ingenieros.
8 Tecnlogos.
2 Secretarias.
La red de telecomunicaciones de PETROPRODUCCIN tiene 1073 usuarios de

voz y 450 usuarios de datos4.
1.1.3 PETROCOMERCIAL (VENTA Y DISTRIBUCIN DE COMBUSTIBLES)5
PETROCOMERCIAL, filial de PETROECUADOR, responsable del transporte,

almacenamiento y comercializacin de derivados de petrleo en el territorio
nacional. Abastece de combustibles al pas, dentro de un mercado de libre
competencia y administra la infraestructura de almacenamiento y transporte de
combustibles del Estado.
Figura 1.8: Edificio El Roco - PETROCOMERCIAL

Av. 6 de Diciembre y Alpallana
4USUARIOS VOZ Y DATOS: Informacin obtenida en la Unidad de Telecomunicaciones y Departamento de

Sistemas (Petroproduccin).
5 PETROCOMERCIAL: http://www.petrocomercial.com
t En la actualidad posee una red de poliductos, que integran Costa, Sierra y
Oriente.
Esmeraldas - Santo Domingo

Santo Domingo - El Beatero
El Beatero - Ambato
Shushufindi - Quito
Santo Domingo - Pascuales
Libertad - Pascuales
Libertad - Manta
Tres Bocas - Pascuales
Tres Bocas - Salitral
Tres Bocas - Fuel Oil
Estructura Organizacional de Petrocomercial
GERENCIA
REGIONAL NORTE
CONTROL DE
LEGAL
GESTIN
TELECOMUNICACIONES Y COORDINACIN
SISTEMAS CONTRATOS
PROT.AMBIENTALY
PROYECTOS
SEG. INDUSTRIAL
SUBGERENCtA DE SUBGE
SUBGERENC1ADE
TRANSPORTE Y ADMINI,
COMERCIALIZACIN
ALMACENAMIENTO FIN
Figura 1.9: Estructura organizacional de PETROCOMERCIAL

El Departamento de Telecomunicaciones y Sistemas se encarga de la red de
telecomunicaciones de PETROCOMERCIAL, dicho departamento est
conformado por:
Jefe de Departamento.
4 Ingenieros de Telecomunicaciones.
6 Tecnlogos en Telecomunicaciones.
6 Ingenieros en Sistemas.
10 Tecnlogos en Sistemas.
2 Secretarias.
La red de telecomunicaciones de PETROCOMERCIAL tiene 364 usuarios de voz

y 330 usuarios de datos6.
1.1.4 PETROINDUSTRIAL (PRODUCCIN DE DERIVADOS)7
PETROINDUSTRIAL, filial de PETROECUADOR encargada de transformar los

hidrocarburos mediante procesos de refinacin para producir derivados que
satisfagan la demanda interna.
Figura 1.10: Edificio Mara Victoria - PETROINDUSTRIAL

Alpallana E7-50 y Whymper
6USUARIOS VOZ Y DATOS: Informacin obtenida en el Departamento de Telecomunicaciones y Sistemas

(Petro comercial).
PETROINDUSTRIAL, tiene tres Centros de Industrializacin en el pas y son:
Refinera Estatal Esmeraldas. (REE)

Refinera La Libertad (RLL)
Complejo Industrial Shushufindi (CIS)
Estructura Organizacional de Petroindustrial
VICE PRESIDENCIA
Figura 1.11: Estructura organizacional de PETROINDUSTRIAL
PETROINDUSTRIAL no cuenta con un Departamento de Telecomunicaciones

porque ocupa la red de telecomunicaciones de PETROCOMERCIAL para
comunicarse con sus estaciones.
PETROINDUSTRIAL tiene 275 usuarios de voz y 200 usuarios de datos8.
7 PETROINDUSTRIAL: http://www.petroecueador.com.ee
SUSUARIOS VOZ Y DATOS: Informacin obtenida en el edificio de Petroindustrial.
UBICACIN DE LOS EDIFICIOS DE PETROECUADOR (PETROPRODU
PETROINDUSTRIAL) EN EL PLANO DEL DISTRITO METROP
Figura 1.12: Edificios de PETROECUADOR y sus filiale

f CAPITULO II
2. ANLISIS Y DIAGNSTICO DE LAS REDES DE

TELECOMUNICACIONES DE LAS FILIALES DE
PETROECUADOR
2.1 REDES EXISTENTES DE PETROPRODUCCIN
2.1.1 RED DE MICROONDAS
PETROPRODUCCIN tiene un sistema integrado de microondas que va desde la

regin oriental hasta el Distrito Quito, donde se encuentran las instalaciones ms
-st^
* importantes de esta filial.
Todos los enlaces de microondas digitales que tiene PETROPRODUCCIN en

Quito poseen lnea de vista con el cerro Pichincha, desde el cual se enva y recibe
la informacin de todas las estaciones ubicadas en el Distrito Amaznico
pertenecientes a esta filial.
Microondas Digitales (Transmisin - Recepcin)
Transmisin:
"^ En el proceso de transmisin, la informacin (voz - datos) es agrupada en

portadoras E1 a travs de los equipos multiplexores Bayly luego dicha informacin
va al equipo de radio Harris para ser transmitida a la estacin central ubicada en
el Cerro Pichincha con el fin de ser enviada hacia su destino.
Recepcin:
En el proceso de recepcin, una portadora E1 ingresa del equipo de radio Harris

a la central telefnica y tres portadoras E1 llegan cada una a un multiplexor Bayly,
del cual se obtienen los canales de 64 Kbps, los canales que ingresan a la
respectiva central telefnica lo hacen mediante un distribuidor MDF.
iiiiiii
INI iiiiin
mnmm
nuil Illllll
IJJLLIJJ IJJIJIJ
Figura 2.1: Sistema Microonda Digital Distrito Quito Distrito Amaznico

2.1.1.1 Red de Microondas Quito
2,1.1.1.1 Enlace Edificio Villafuerte Pichincha
Ubicacin en coordenadas geogrficas del enlace Ed. Villafuerte - Pichincha,

tomadas con GPS.
PICHINCHA Ed. VILLAFUERTE
LATITUD: 00 10' 4.9" S 00 10' 47.2" S
LONGITUD: 78 31' 6.5" W 78 28' 34.4" W
ELEVACIN: 4675.0 m 2828.0 m
Tabla 2.1: Coordenadas geogrficas enlace Ed. Villafuerte- Pichincha
Informacin tcnica1
Datos tcnicos para el anlisis del enlace Ed. Villafuerte - Pichincha.
PICHINCHA Ed. VILLAFUERTE
ACIMUT: 105.44 285.44
DISTANCIA: 4.88 Km.
PERDIDAS EN EL
ESPACIO LIBRE: 123.62 dB
ABSORCIN
f ATMOSFRICA: 0.05 dB
PERDIDAS ACUTx: 0.10 dB
PERDIDAS ACU Rx: 1.10 dB
PERDIDAS TOTALES: 130.06 dB
DIMETRO DE LA
ANTENA: 1.2 m 1.2 m
GANANCIA DE LA
ANTENA: 37.0 dB 37.0 dB
NIVEL REQUERIDO
PARA 1 0'3 BER: -87.0 dBm
Tabla 2.2: Datos tcnicos, enlace Ed. Villafuerte - Pichincha

Equipo existente ubicado en el Edificio Villafuerte
Central telefnica digital Meridian de Northern Telecom opcin 61C, versin

2311.
Switches Catalyst Cisco 2950.
Routers Cisco 2620, Cisco 261OXM.
Radio digital microondas QUADRALINK (HARRIS) 7 GHz, 4x2 Mbps, 4xEl,
equipado con 90 canales PCM y un E1.
Multiplexores Bayly.
Red telefnica con cables de cobre.
Banco de bateras del sistema telefnico (45 Ved - 52 Ved).
Descripcin de equipos
Central Digital Meridian 61C2
La Central Meridian Opcin 61 C, tiene una arquitectura modular

cliente/servidor, procesador comercial de alto desempeo que aumenta su
capacidad de procesamiento de llamadas: Motorola 68060, software
modular multitarea que permite la programacin y administracin de!
sistema, basado en PC y corre bajo Windows 95, capacidad de crecimiento
sobre la misma plataforma hasta 10,000 puertos, potentes funciones de red
utilizando redes pblicas, privadas o virtuales, diseo para permitir la
migracin a tecnologas y funcionalidades futuras, soporte de telefona
sobre IP.
Actualmente la Central est equipada con un DTl y 539 puertos para
troncales, extensiones analgicas y digitales, de los cuales se ocupan 109
puertos para troncales, 159 para extensiones digitales y 225 para
extensiones analgicas.
'INFORMACIN TCNICA: Archivo Unidad de Telecomunicaciones Petropreduccin

2CENTRALTELEFNICA MERIDIAN 61 C: http://wwv.panamdata.com.co/camunicacion.htmi
Figura 2.2: Central Telefnica Digital Meridian 1 opcin 61C
Radio de Microonda Digital Harris3
Harris Farinon Quadralink, es un radio de microondas digital punto a punto,

para aplicaciones de voz, datos y video.
Utiliza, un esquema robusto de modulacin de OQPSK, una arquitectura

de plataforma comn con opcin amplia de caractersticas ideales para los
sistemas de comunicacin privados, pblicos o las redes celulares por todo
el mundo.
Emplea un interfaz digital compatible con la ITU-T recomendacin G.703
Las caractersticas del equipo de radio ubicado en el Edificio Villafuerte se

las presenta en la siguiente tabla:
3 RADIO MtCROONDA DIGITAL QUADRALINK: http://mTO'.microwaye.harris.com/products/dr/quadralmk/

EQUIPO: QUADRALINK7
PROTECCIN: Monitored Hot Standby
CAPACIDAD: 4.0 E1s (ocupados en su totalidad)
FRECUENCIA: 7.400 GHz
ANTENA: ANDREW No. de parte PL8-71 en

la banda de 7.125 a 7.750 GHz
Tabla 2.3: Caractersticas equipo de radio
Figura 2.3: Equipo de radio Ed. Villafuerte
Figura 2.4: Antena Andrew Ed. Villafuerte

Multiplexor Digital Bayly T1/E14
Multiplexor Digital Bayly de acceso de voz y datos est diseado para

operar en redes de alta capacidad basadas en los estndares de
transmisin T1(1.5 Mbps) y E1 (2Mbps).
Proporciona el acceso a los servicios de voz analgica y datos digitales, se

utiliza un interfaz compatible con la recomendacin G.703 para la conexin
al radio digital de microondas) tambin posee un interfaz para fibra ptica
usando un modem ptico integrado para la transmisin hasta 25 kilmetros.
El multipfexor cuenta con mdulos de canal (voz, datos o canales de

servicios especiales) los cules pueden ser fijados de acuerdo a las
necesidades del usuario para la insercin o extraccin del servicio.
Cada multiplexor cuenta con los mdulos;
Mdulos DCM64 (Mdulos para canales de datos 64Kbps)
Mdulo de canal (4 canales de datos) con interfaz V.35.
Mdulo de canal (4 canales de datos) con interfaz RS-422,
Mdulos de canal de voz
Mdulos de canal telefnico (4 canales), 2 hilos FXO
Mdulos de canal telefnico (4 canales), 2 hilos FXS
Mdulos de sealizacin
Mdulos de sealizacin E & M
Los tres multipiexores Bayly del edificio Villafuerte tienen las siguientes
caractersticas:
4 MULTEPLEXOR BAYLY: http://w\v\v.bayly.com/net\vorks/products/mux.html

Mdulo Mdulo FXS/FXO Mdulo
DCM64 E&M
Mux Villafuerte - Oriente 2 (V.35) 3 FXS (1 libre), 2 FXO 2
Mux Vlafuerte - Tribuna 2 (V.35) 3 FXS, 2 FXO 1
Mux Villafuerte - Tribuna 8 FXO
Tabla 2.4: Caractersticas de multiplexores Bayly Ed. Villafuerte
Ti
Figura 2.5: Multiplexores Bayly
Routers Cisco 2620, Cisco 261OXM5
Routers modulares multiservicios permiten actualizar los interfaces para

ajustarlos a la expansin de la red o a los cambios tecnolgicos que se
producen cuando se instalan nuevos servicios y aplicaciones, puede
instalarse en redes de Voz sobre P y Voz sobre Frame Relay.
Los puertos LAN disponibles en los routers son:
Cisco 261 OXM: 1 puerto Ethernet

Cisco 2620: 1 Ethernet 10/100 con deteccin automtica y
compatibilidad con VLAN
5ROUTERS CISCO: http:/A^vw.csco.com/en/US/products/hw/routers/ps259/ps5762/ndex.htmI

http:/Av\\\v.csco.com/warp/public/cc/pd/rt/2600/index.shtml
Tambin cuentan con dos ranuras para tarjetas de interfaz WAN (W1C),
una ranura para el mdulo de red y una ranura para un mdulo de
integracin avanzada (AIM).
Se encuentran utilizados ios puertos Ethernet de los routers y cuatro

interfaces seriales del router 2620 para interconectarse con Lago Agrio, La
Tribuna, San Rafael y Petroecuador, Matriz.
Switches Cisco Catalyst 29506
Los switches Catalyst 2950 son dispositivos Fast Ethernet de configuracin

fija. Tiene puertos autnomos con capacidad de autosensing, combinan
QoS mejorada y gestin multicast con Cisco Cluster Management Suite
(CMS) basada en la Web y Cisco IOS Software integrado.
La calidad de servicio automtico simplifica la configuracin de QoS en las
redes voz sobre IP (VolP).
En este edificio se encuentran cinco switches Cisco Catalyst 2950, tres son
de 24 puertos y dos son de 12 puertos, de los cuales todos los puertos
estn ocupados.
6SWITCHES CISCO 2950: http://ww\v.cisco.com/en/US/products/hw/switches/ps628/ps630/index.html

Esquema del enlace
PICHINCHA
LATITUD: 0010'4.9"S
LONGITUD: 7831'6.5"W
ELEVACIN: 4675.0 m
EQUIPO: QUADRAUNK7
DISTANCIA: 4.88 Km.

FRECUENCIA: 7.4 GHz. EDIFICIO VILLAFUERTE
LATITUD: 0010'47.2" S
LONGITUD: 7828'34.4" W
ELEVACIN: 2828.0 m
EQUIPO: QUADRALINK7
Figura 2.6: Enlace Edificio Villafuerte - Pichincha

2.1.1.1.2 Enlace Edificio La Tribuna - Pichincha
Ubicacin en coordenadas geogrficas del enlace Ed. La Tribuna - Pichincha,
tomadas con GPS.
PICHINCHA Ed. LA TRIBUNA
LATITUD: 00 10' 4.9" S : 00 10' 56" S
LONGITUD: 78 31' 6.5" W 78 28' 54" W
ELEVACIN: 4675.0 m 2830.0 m
Tabla 2.5: Coordenadas geogrficas enlace Ed. La Tribuna - Pichincha
Informacin tcnica7
Datos tcnicos para el anlisis del enlace Ed. La Tribuna Pichincha.
PICHINCHA Ed. LA TRIBUNA
ACIMUT: 130.33 310.33
DISTANCIA: 4.56 Km.
PERDIDAS EN EL
ABSORCIN
ATMOSFRICA: 0.27 dB
PERDIDAS ACU Tx: 0.15 dB
DIMETRO DE LA
ANTENA: 2.4 m 2.4 m
GANANCIA DE LA
ANTENA; 50.7 dB 50.7 dB
NIVEL REQUERIDO
PARA1(T 3 BER: -85.5 dBm
Tabla 2,6: Datos tcnicos, enlace Ed. La Tribuna - Pichincha
7INFORMACIN TCNICA: Archivo Unidad de Telecomunicaciones Petroproduccin

Equipo existente ubicado en el Edificio La Tribuna
Central telefnica digital Meridian de Northern Telecom opcin 11C, versin

PSWV111.
Switch Cisco Catalyst 2950.
Router Cisco 1751.
Radio digital microondas URBANET (HARRIS) 18 GHz, 4x2 Mbps, 4xE1,
equipado con 120 canales PCM.
Banco de bateras del sistema microondas (21 Ved - 60 Ved).
' Central Digital Meridian 11C8
La Meridian 1 Opcin 11C es un sistema de comunicaciones que soporta

desde 30 hasta 400 puertos (lneas telefnicas o extensiones). La opcin
11C soporta mltiples y avanzadas funciones de conmutacin y adems
soporta: telfonos digitales, comunicaciones inalmbricas en edificios,
mensajera de voz, centro de llamadas, sistema de administracin basado
en PC, aplicaciones de multimedia y telefona sobre IP.
La Central tiene 200 puertos de los que se ocupan 40 para troncales, 31

para extensiones digitales y 96 para extensiones analgicas, adems
dispone de telfonos digitales, un sistema de administracin basado en PC
y mensajera de voz.
CENTRAL TELEFNICA MERJDTAN 61C: http://wv\v.panamdata.com.co/comunicacion.htn

Figura 2.7: Central Telefnica Digital Meridian 1 opcin 11C
Radio de Microonda Digital Urbanet (Harris)
El radio es el URBANET 18Z del fabricante HARRIS FARINON y la antena
es ANDREW No. de parte HSX4 -180 en la banda de 17.7 a 19.7 GHz.
EQUIPO: URBANET 18Z

CAPACIDAD: 4.0 E1s( 3 ocupados, 1 daado)

Tabla 2.7: Caractersticas equipo de radio Urbanet 18Z

Figura 2.8: Equipo de radio Ed. Tribuna
Figura 2.9: Antena Andrew Ed. La Tribuna
Multiplexores Bayly
Los tres multiplexores Bayly del edificio La Tribuna tienen las siguientes
caractersticas:

DCM64 E&M
Mux Tribuna - Vilafuerte 2 (V.35) 3 FXS, 2 FXO 1
Mux Tribuna - San Rafael 2 (V.35) 2 FXS, 2 FXO 2
Mux La Tribuna - Oriente DAADO
Tabla 2.8: Caractersticas de multiplexores Bayiy Ed. La Tribuna

* Router Cisco 1751
Router de Acceso Modular Cisco 1751, permite la configuracin segn las

necesidades de conectividad.
Soporta funcionalidades como VPNs, Internet seguro, intranet, y acceso

extranet con tecnologa de firewall opcional e integracin multiservicio para
voz/video/datos/fax.
Permite implementar VolP al introducirle mdulos FXS, FXO E&M.

El modelo Cisco 1751 ofrece tres ranuras modulares para tarjetas de
interfaz de voz y datos, un puerto LAN 10/100BaseT Fast Ethernet de
deteccin automtica que soporta estndares basados en IEEE 802.1Q
VLAN, un puerto de consola y un puerto auxiliar.
Se encuentran utilizados el puerto LAN 10/100BaseT y una interfaz serial

para inerconectarse con el edificio Villafuerte.
Figura 2.10: Router Cisco 1751
Switches Cisco Catalyst 2950
En este edificio se encuentran cuatro switches Cisco Catalyst 2950, tres

son de 24 puertos y uno es de 12 puertos, de los cuales todos los puertos
estn ocupados.
9ROUTER CISCO 1751: http:/Av\v\v.cisco.com/en/US/products/h\v/routers/ps221/ps226/index.html

Esquema del enlace
PICHINCHA
LATITUD: 0010'4.9" S
ELEVACIN: 4675.0 m
EQUIPO: URBANET18Z
EDIFICIO LA TRIBUNA
LATITUD: GQ1V56"S
LONGITUD: 7829'54"W
ELEVACIN: 2830.0 ni
EQUIPO; URBANET18Z
Figura 2.11: Enlace Edificio La Tribuna - Pichincha
2.1.1.13 Enlace Edificio Investigaciones Geolgicas Litoteca (San Rafael) - Pichincha
Ubicacin en coordenadas geogrficas del enlace Ed. Investigaciones Geolgicas

Litoteca (San Rafael) - Pichincha, tomadas con GPS.
PICHINCHA Ed. Investigaciones Geolgicas

LATITUD: 00 10' 4.9" S 00 19' 1"S
LONGITUD: 78 31' 6.5" W 78 27' 9" W

ELEVACIN: 4675.0 m 2512.0 m
Tabla 2.9: Coordenadas geogrficas enlace Ed. Investigaciones Geolgicas

Litoteca (San Rafael) - Pichincha
Informacin tcnica
Datos tcnicos para el anlisis del enlace Edificio de Investigaciones Geolgicas
Litoteca (San Rafael) - Pichincha.
Edificio de
Investigaciones
PICHINCHA Geolgicas
Litoteca
ACIMUT: 154 334
DISTANCIA: 23 Km.
PERDIDAS EN EL
ABSORCIN
ATMOSFRICA: 0.20 dB

DIMETRO DE LA
ANTENA: 0.6 m 0.6 m
GANANCIA DE LA
ANTENA: 35 dB 35 dB
NIVEL REQUERIDO
PARA 1 0'3 BER: -83.0 dBm
Tabla 2.10: Datos tcnicos, Edificio de Investigaciones Geolgicas Litoteca (San

Rafael) -Pichincha
'"INFORMACIN TCNICA: Archivo Unidad de Telecomunicaciones Petroproduccin

Equipo existente ubicado en el Edificio de Investigaciones Geolgicas
Litoteca (San Rafael)
Centra! telefnica digital Meridian de Northern Telecom opcin 61C, versin

2311.
Radio digital microondas MICROSTAR (HARRIS).
Multiplexor Bayly.
Router Cisco 1751.
Descripcin de los equipos
Central Digital Meridian 61C
Equipada con un DTl, 150 puertos siendo utilizados 15 para troncales, 20

para extensiones analgicas y 10 para extensiones digitales.
Radio de Microonda Digital Microstar (Harris)11
Harris Microstar, ofrece una seleccin amplia de modulacin, en las bandas

de frecuencia (7-38 GHz) y tiene capacidad para voz y datos. Cuenta con
una capacidad de 2 a 16 E1/T1, con modulacin QPSK 16 QAM.
Las caractersticas del equipo de radio ubicado en el Edificio de

Investigaciones Geolgicas Litoteca (San Rafael) se ias presenta en la
siguiente tabla:
"RADIO MICROONDA DIGITAL MICROSTAR: http:/Avw\v.micro\vave.harris.com/products/dr/microstar/

i EQUIPO: MCROSTAR
CAPACIDAD: 4.0 E1s (2 ocupados)
ANTENA: AndrewHPA2-130
Tabla 2.11: Caractersticas equipo de radio Microstar
Multiplexor Bayly
El multiplexor Bayly de San Rafael tiene las siguientes caractersticas:

DCM64 E&M
Mux San Rafael - Tribuna 2 (V.35) 2 FXS, 2 FXO 2
Tabla 2.12: Caractersticas multiplexor Bayly San Rafael
Router 1751
En el Router 1751 se utilizan el puerto LAN 10/100BaseT y una interfaz

serial para interconectarse con el edificio Vilafuerte,
Esquema del enlace
PICHINCHA
LATITUD: ooio'4.9" s
LONGITUD: 783V6.5"w
ELEVACIN: 4675.0 m
EQUIPO: MICROSTAR (HARRIS)
DISTANCIA: 23Km EDIFICIO DE INVESTIGACIONES

FRECUENCIA: GEOLGICAS LITOTECA (San Rafael)
13.227,500 MHz{Tx)
12.961.500 MHz(Rx) LATITUD: OQ"19T'S
LONGITUD: 7827'9"W
ELEVACIN: 2512.0 m
EQUIPO: MICROSTAR (HARRIS)
Figura 2.12: Enlace Edificio Investigaciones Geolgicas Litoteca

(San Rafael) - Pichincha
2.1.1.2 Red de Microondas Distrito Amaznico
2.1.1.2.1. Enlaces de las Estaciones de Petroproduccin en el Distrito Amaznico
1888.50 MHZ
1769.50 MHZ
1846.50 MHz
1727.50 MHZ
1769.50 MHZ SHUSHUFINDI

1888.50 MHZ
1748.50 MHZ
1867.50 MHz
COCA
AUCA
Figura 2.13: Sistema Microonda Digital Distrito Amaznico
Ubicacin de estaciones y torres en el Distrito Amaznico
Estacin Sacha Central
COORDENADAS LATITUD | LONGITUD
"UTM 9'963.640,08 N 291.303,86 E
GEOGRFICAS ooi9'43.60"s 7652'30.43"W

COTA
TERRENO: 268,00 m
Tabla 2.13: Ubicacin Estacin Sacha Central

GESTACIN
SRCHfl CEKTRflL
PROTEJAMOS EL
MEDIO AMBIENTE
Figura 2.14: Antenas de Mcroondas Sacha Centra!
Estacin Sacha Norte 1
COORDENADAS LATITUD LONGITUD
UTM 9-965.946,13 N 293,373,78 E
GEOGRFICAS 0018I28.65"S 76041'23.49MW

COTA
TERRENO: 269,123 m
Tabla 2.14: Ubicacin Estacin Sacha Norte 1
Figura 2.15: Antenas de Microondas Sacha Norte 1

Estacin Sacha Norte 2
UTM 9'975.710, 88 N 294.877,98 E
GEOGRFICAS 0013"10.68"S 7650'34.80"W

COTA
TERRENO: 276,4 36 m
Tabla 2,15: Ubicacin Estacin Sacha Norte 2
ESTAClWi
SflCHft NORTE 2
PHOTKJflMOO EL
MEJUOHMBIKATO
Figura 2.16: Antena de Microondas Sacha Norte 2
Estacin Pucuna
UTM 9'971. 039,125 N 277.502,012 E
GEOGRFICAS 0015'42.68"S 7659'76.54"W

COTA
TERRENO: 318,487 m
Tabla 2.16: Ubicacin Estacin Pucuna

Figura 2.17: Antena de Microondas Pucuna
Estacin Coca
COORDENADAS LATITUD LONGITUD ,
UTM 9'954.892,509 N 269.795,117 E
GEOGRFICAS 0024'28,186"S 7704I05,92"W

COTA
TERRENO; 263,453 m
Tabla 2,17: Ubicacin Estacin Coca
Figura 2.18: Antenas de Microondas Estacin Coca

Estacin Shushufindi Central
UTM 9'978.932,594 N 316.253,041 E
GEOGRFICAS 0019'43,609"S 7651158)095"W

COTA
TERRENO: 282,780 m
Tabla 2.18: Ubicacin Estacin Shushufindi
Figura 2.19: Antenas de Microondas Estacin Shushufindi
Torre Lago Agrio
UTM 10'009.683,49N 291.772,499 E
GEOGRFICAS 0005I03,276"N 7652122I674"W

COTA
TERRENO: 296,400 m
Tabla 2.19: Ubicacin Estacin Lago Agrio

Figura 2.20: Torre Lago Agrio
Torre Aguarico
COORDENADAS | LATITUD LONGITUD
UTM 10'007.137,264N 290.666,207 E
GEOGRFICAS 0003I52,323"N 7652'50J905"W

COTA
TERRENO: 312,604 m
Tabla 2.20: Ubicacin Torre Aguarico
Figura 2.21: Torre Aguarico

Equipos existentes en el Distrito Amaznico
Central telefnica Digital Meridian 1 opcin 11C.
UBICACIN PUERTOS PUERTOS PUERTOS PUERTOS PUERTOS

TRONCALES Ext. Ext. LIBRES
DIGITALES ANALGICAS
Shushufindi 148 .3... . . . . 4 ...- 66 .. 75 ;
Sacha 128 .5 . .. . 1.3 ._. . . 60 50
Auca 56 2 .. ..2 32 20
Tabla 2.21: Caractersticas Centrales telefnicas Distrito Amaznico
Equipo de radio microonda digital QUADRALINK (Harris).
UBICACIN CAPACIDAD FRECUENCIA Tx/Rx
Shushufindi 4E1s ( 2 ocupados, 2 libres) : 1769.5 MHz/1888.5MHz
Auca 4 E1s ( 2 ocupados, 2 libres) 1738,5 MHz/1857.5MHz
Coca 4 E1s ( 2 ocupados, 2 libres ) 1748.5 MHz/ 1867.5 MHz
Sacha 12 E1s ( 6 ocupados, 6 Ubres) 1846.5 MHz/1727.5MHz
Guarumo 4 E1s ( 2 ocupados, 2 libres ) 1758.5MHz/1877.5MHz
Tabla 2.22: Caractersticas radio microonda digital Distrito Amaznico
Routers Cisco 1751.
UBICACIN PUERTO LAN 10/100 BASE T INTERFAZ SERIAL
Shushufindi Ocupado Interconexin con Sacha
Coca Ocupado Interconexin con Sacha
Auca Ocupado Interconexin con Sacha
Sacha Ocupado Interconexin con Lago Agrio
Guarumo Ocupado Interconexin con Lago Agrio
Tabla 2.23: Caractersticas Cisco 1751

La estacin Lago Agrio dispone de:
Central telefnica Digital Meridian 1 opcin 61C.
- - . - . _ - , . . - . - -
PUERTOS PUERTOS PUERTOS Ext. PUERTOS

UBICACIN PUERTOS TRONCALES Ext. ANALGICAS LIBRES
DIGITALES
Lago Agrio 516 54 115 273 74
Tabla 2.24: Caractersticas Central telefnica Lago Agrio
Equipo de radio microonda digital QUADRALINK (Harris).
EQUIPO: QUADRALINK 7
CAPACIDAD: 16 E1 (10ocupados, 6 libres)
FRECUENCIA Tx/Rx: 1888. 5 MHz/ 1769.5 MHz
Tabla 2.25: Caractersticas radio microonda digital Lago Agrio
Rouers Cisco 1751
UBICACIN PUERTO LAN 10/100 BASE T INTERFAZ SERIAL
Interconexin con Sacha

Lago Agrio Ocupado Interconexin con Ed. Viilafuerte
Tabla 2.26: Caractersticas Cisco 1751 Lago Agrio
En la Estacin Lago Agrio se encuentran tres switches Cisco Catalyst 2950 de 24

puertos de los cuales estn ocupados 60 puertos y 12 libres.
2.1.2 RED DE DATOS PETROPRODUCCION
PETROPRODUCCION cuenta con una red WAN, la que va desde Quito hasta el
Distrito Amaznico, empleando el sistema AS400 de IBM.
El Edificio Villafuerte tiene una red hbrida de computadoras, compuesta por una
red Token Ring en topologa anillo, y una Ethernet en topologa tipo Bus, las que
estn unidas a travs de un switch, dicho switch se conecta a un ruteador que se
comunica con La Tribuna, San Rafael, Petroecuador (Matriz) y el Distrito
Amaznico. sta red tiene 450 usuarios de datos.
Los edificios pertenecientes a esta filial y el distrito Amaznico se comunican

mediante canales de 64 Kbps de la red de microondas digital.
Los servicios con los que cuenta esta filial son:
Servidor de correo electrnico

Servidor Web
Servidor DNS
Servidor FTP
Para el acceso a Internet, PETROPRODUCCION mantiene un contrato de

servicio con la empresa TELEFNICA (MOVISTAR) con transmisin de datos a
128 Kbps. De esta forma todas las reas integradas a la Red Digital pueden
navegar en Internet, y el correo electrnico interno pasa a ser tambin correo
externo.
Para la proteccin de la red se utiliza el firewall de hardware Cisco PIX 506E que
ayuda a mantener seguras las estaciones de trabajo de la empresa contra los
riesgos de seguridad y las intrusiones en la red.
El servidor Web IBM INFINITY 5600 permite que la central Villafuerte muestre al
exterior las pginas web, es decir que este es el servidor al que se accede desde
e Internet para ver Informacin referente a las actividades de Petroproduccin.
RED WAN DE PETROPRODUCCiN
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RouferlBM2210XM
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2.2 REDES EXISTENTES DE PETROCOMERCIAL
PETROINDUSTRIAL
2.2.1 RED DE MICROONDAS
La red de microondas de PETROCOMERCIAL tiene su centro de operaciones

principal en el Edificio El Roco, desde donde se distribuye la informacin a sus
estaciones ubicadas en todo el pas.
PETROINDUSTRIAL no posee un enlace de microondas directo con el Cerro

Pichincha, utiliza la red de telecomunicaciones de PETROCOMERCIAL mediante
un enlace desde su Edifico Matriz Mara Victoria hasta el Edificio El Roco.
Figura 2.23: Sistema Microonda Digital PETROCOMERCIAL-
PETROINDUSTR1AL
Figura 2.24: Sistema de enlaces de los routers PETROCOMERCAL -
PETROINDUSTRIAL
2.2.1.1 Enlace edificio El Roco Pichincha
Ubicacin en coordenadas geogrficas del enlace Ed. El Roco - Pichincha,

tomadas con GPS.
PICHINCHA Ed. EL ROCO
LATITUD: 0010 I 4.9"S 00 11' 31.2" S
LONGITUD: 78 31' 6.5" W 78 28' 51. 6" W
ELEVACIN: 4675.0 m 2828.0 m
Tabla 2.27: Coordenadas geogrficas enlace Ed. El Roco - Pichincha
informacin tcnica 12
Datos tcnicos para el anlisis del enlace Ed. El Roco - Pichincha.
PICHINCHA Ed. EL ROCI
ACIMUT: 105.44 285.44
DISTANCIA: 4.94 Km.
PERDIDAS EN EL
ABSORCIN
ATMOSFRICA: 0.05 dB
DIMETRO DE LA
ANTENA: 1.2 m 1.2 m
GANANCIA DE LA
ANTENA: 37.0 dB 37.0 dB
NIVEL REQUERIDO
PARAKT'BER: -83.5 dBm
Tabla 2.28: Datos tcnicos, enlace Ed, El Roco - Pichincha.
I2INFORMACIN TCNICA: Archivo Departamento de Sistemas y Telecomunicaciones Petrocomercial

Equipo existente ubicado en el Edificio El Roco
Central telefnica Mitel 3300, con puertos para troncales, extensiones

analgicas y digitales,
Routers Vanguard (V6455, V6435), IBM 2210
Radio digital microondas QUADRALINK (HARRIS) .
Central Telefnica Mitel13
Mitel 3300 Plataforma de Comunicaciones Integradas (ICP), provee un

sistema de comunicaciones altamente escalable, funciona sobre cualquier
infraestructura LANA/VAN, puede nteractuar con los sistemas PBX
tradicionales.
Proporciona capacidad IP - PBX y servicios como: buzn de voz
incorporado, comunicacin inalmbrica integrada y operacin en red IP
Figura 2.25: Mitel 3300 ICP
1 CENTRAL TELEFNICA MITEL: http:/Avww.mitel.com/DocContro 11 er?documentld=9555&c=951 l&sc=9514

Esta central tiene las siguientes caractersticas:
f
Caracterstica Capacidad Capacidad Ocupada

Nmero total de telfonos 1400 364
Nmero mximo de mdulos de lnea 3 2
principal digital incorporados E1/T1.
Protocolos para interfaces E1/T1 PRI/QSIG/T1- PRI/QSIG
04
Puertos Ethernet 10/100 Base T 4 2
Redes IP - n mximo de lneas principales 2000 664
IP
Tabla 2.29: Caractersticas Central Mitei 3300 ICP
Switch Cisco Catalyst 3512XL14
Switch Gigabit Ethernet modular con arquitectura Cisco Switch Clustering

para control de mltiples dispositivos y soporte integrado de voz y telefona
sobre IP, tiene operacin full dplex sobre puertos 10/100 y 4 MB de
memoria compartida. Soporta ei protocolo SNMP (Protocolo de Gestin de
Red Sencillo) y la interfaz Telnet, admite QoS (calidad de servicio) en el
extremo de la red conforme a la clase de servicio 802.1p y priorizacin
basada en puertos. Tambin es posible crear troncales VLAN desde
cualquier puerto usando trunking 802.1q o bien a arquitectura VLAN Inter-
Switch Link (ISL) de Cisco.
Tipo de puertos: 8 fijos gigabit ethernet; 2 construidos en GBIC (Gigabit

nterface Converter) basados en gigabit Ethernet. 12 puertos
10BaseT/100Base TX con deteccin automtica.
En este edificio se encuentran dos switches Cisco Catalyst 3512 XL, uno
de ellos tiene 7 puertos 100 Base TX ocupados y el resto de puertos libres.
El otro tiene 4 puertos 100 Base TX ocupados y los puertos restantes
libres.
4SWITCH CISCO CATALYST 3512 XL: http:/A^TO'.cisco.com/en/US/products/hw/swtches/ps637/ps640/index.html

Figura 2.26: Switch Cisco Catalyst 3500
Routers Vanguard 6435/645515
Vanguard 6455, proporciona acceso a redes WAN, trabajan sobre

protocolos SNA/SDLC y BSC con voz y trfico LAN sobre IP, Frame Relay,
X.25, ISDN y servicios NX64 T1/E1. Soporta dos puertos seriales V.35, 1
puerto de red Ethernet 10 Base T o superior, 1 puerto de control, 2 E1s
para datos, 2 E1s para manejar 60 canales de voz.
Vanguard 6435 soporta dos puertos asincrnico/sincrnico, dos puertos

asincrnicos y un puerto Ethernet.
Los routers Vanguard 6455 y 6435 ubicados en este edificio tienen

utilizados los siguientes puertos:
Vanguard 6455
Dos V.35, 2 E1s para datos, 1 E1 para voz, 1 Ethernet 100 Base T y
1 Ethernet AUI.
Vanguard 6435
Dos V.35, 1 Ethernet.
Figura 2.27: Routers Vanguard 6435/6455
5ROUTERS VANGUARD 6435/6455: http://\TOr\v.americantechsupply.com/vanguard6455\vp.pdf

RouterlBM2210 16
El IBM 2210 soporta las siguientes conexiones LAN:

Token-ring (IEEE 802.5) con conexin STP o UTP.
Ethernet (IEEE 802.3) con conexin AUI o 10BASE-T.
Incluye un slot que soporta adaptadores como:

ISDN BRI.
ISDN PRi.
T1/E1.
4 a 8 puertos WAN.
Los mtodos de acceso al IBM 2210 son:

Un terminal ASCII o un emulador terminal ASCII conectado
directamente al puerto de servicio del IBM 2210.
Un terminal ASCII (o emulador) conectado va modem al puerto de
servicio del IBM 2210.
Una sesin Telnet
Petrocomercial tiene dos routers IBM 2210: uno de ellos tiene conexin
LAN Ethernet 10BASE-T con mtodo de acceso Telnet, el otro es utilizado
como router de salida para conexin con la red externa.
Radio de Microonda Digital Harrs
El radio es el QUADRALINK 7 del fabricante HARRS y la antena es

ANDREW No. de parte PL6 - 71W en la banda de 7.125 a 8.5 GHz.
EQUIPO: QUADRALINK 7
PROTECCIN: Monitored HotStandby
CAPACIDAD: I 8.0 E1s (Todos ocupados)
Tabla 2.30: Caractersticas equipo de radio Ed. El Roco
16 ROUTER IBM 2210:http:/ATOr\v.jietvvorking.ibm.com/iihci/webnav.nsf/pages/220:220over.html

Figura 2.28: Equipo de radio Ed. El Roco
Multiplexores Bayly

DCM64 E&M
Mux El Roco ~ Guajal 2 (V.35) 2 FXS, 3 FXO 1
Mux El Roco - Esmeraldas 2 (V.35) 2 FXS, 2 FXO 2
Mux El Roco - Reg. Manta 1(V.35) 1 FXS, 3 FXO 2
Mux El Roco -Shushufind 3 (V.35) 4FXO 1
Mux El Roco -Sto.Domingo 1 (V.35) 2FXO 1
Tabla 2.31: Caractersticas Mux Bayly Ed. El Roco

Equipo existente ubicado en el Edificio Mara Victoria
Central telefnica Mitel 3300

Router Vanguard V6455.
Descripcin de los equipos
Central telefnica Mitel 3300
Caracterstica Capacidad Capacidad Ocupada

Nmero total de telfonos 1400 275
Nmero mximo de mdulos de lnea
principal digital incorporados E1/T1.
Protocolos para nterfaces E1/T1
3
PRI/QSIG/T1-
1
PRI/QSIG
D4
Puertos Ethernet 10/100 Base T 4 ... 1 . :
Redes IP - n mximo de lneas principales 2000 475
.IP .. . ...
Tabla 2.32: Caractersticas Central Mitel 3300 (PIN)
Router Vanguard V6455
Los puertos utilizados en el router6455 son: Un puerto Ethernet 100 Base

T, 1E1 para datos y 1 E1 para voz.
Esquema enlace edificio Mara Victoria - El Roco - Pichincha
PICHINCHA
LATITUD: 0010'4.9"S
LONGITUD: 783l'6.5"W
ELEVACIN: 4675.0 m
EQUIPO: QUADRALINK7
EDIFICIO EL ROCI
LATITUD: 0011'31.2"S
ELEVACIN: 2828.0 m
EQUIPO: QUADRALINK7
EDIFICIO MARA VICTORIA
LATITUD: 0011'24.85" S
LONGITUD: 7829'33" W
ELEVACIN: 2828.0 m
Figura 2.30: Enlace Edificio Mara Victoria - El Roco - Pichincha

2.2.2 RED DE DATOS PETROCOMERCIAL - PETROINDUSTRIAL
Cuenta con una red WAN, la que va desde Quito hasta las diferentes estaciones
ubicadas en todo ei pas.
Tiene una red compuesta por tres redes LAN virtuales, la primera red virtual se
encuentra en el Edificio El Roco, la cual mediante switches y routers se
comunican con las estaciones ubicadas en distintos puntos del pas, la segunda
es una red LAN externa para el acceso a Internet y ia tercera es una red LAN que
por medio de un router tiene un enlace con Petroecuador, Matriz. sta red cuenta
con 330 usuarios de datos.
Los servicios con los que cuenta esta filial son:
Servidor de correo electrnico.

Servidor Web.
Servidor DNS.
Servidor FTP.
Para el acceso a Internet, PETROCOMERCIAL mantiene un contrato de servicio

con la empresa CIBERWEB con transmisin de datos a 256 Kbps. Para la
proteccin de la red se utiliza el firewall de software SecureWay 4.2 que protege a
la red contra manipulaciones, evita los ataques y el acceso no autorizado,
El servidor Compac Proliant ML350 (PCOWEB) permite al Edificio El Roco

mostrar al exterior las paginas web, es decir que este es el servidor al que se
accede desde el Internet para ver Informacin referente a las actividades de
Petrocomercial,
Petroindustrial utiliza la red de Petrocomercial a travs del enlace entre el Edificio

Mara Victoria con el Edificio El Roco por medio de routers para comunicarse
pero cada filial maneja su informacin de manera independiente. Esta filial tiene
200 usuarios de datos.
RED LAN Y WAN DE PETROCOMERCIAL
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FILIAL EDIFICIO USUARIOS EQUIPOS
Voz Datos
Petroecuador Matriz 350 220 Router Cisco 1751
Central Telefnica Meridian 61 C

Switches Cisco Catayst 2950
Villafuerte Routers Cisco 2610XM/2620
Radio Digital QUADRALINK
Multiplexores BAYLY
Switches Cisco Catayst 2950
La Tribuna Router Cisco 1751
Radio Digital URBANET
Multiplexores BAYLY
Petroproduccin 1073 450
San Rafael Router Cisco 1751
Rado Digital MICROSTAR
Multiplexores BAYLY
Distrito Switches Cisco Catayst 2950
Amaznico Routers Cisco 1751
Radios Digitales QUADRALINK
Multiplexores BAYLY
Central Telefnica Mitel 3300
Switches Cisco Catayst 3512XL
Pefcrocomercial El Roco 364 330 Routers Vanguard 6435/6455,
IBM 2210
Radio Digital QUADRALINK
Multiplexores BAYLY
Petroindustrial Mara Victoria 275 200 Central Telefnica Mitel 3300
Router Vanguard 6455
Tabla 2.33: Equipos y usuarios de PETROECUADOR y sus filiales
2.3 DIAGNOSTICO DEL SISTEMA EXISTENTE
De! anlisis realizado se puede concluir lo siguiente:
La capacidad de las centrales telefnicas que tiene PETROPRODUCCIN no se

encuentra ocupada en su totalidad. Adems stas centrales y los equipos de
enrutamiento y conmutacin tienen ia posibilidad de operar en redes de VolP lo
que sera una ventaja si la red de esta filial posteriormente incorpora sta
tecnologa.
En lo que se refiere a PETROCOMERCIAL - PETROINDUSTRIAL su red de

datos cuenta con VolP, tecnologa que no ha sido explotada en su totalidad para
satisfacer sus necesidades.
Los equipos de radio de las filiales llevan operando varios aos y solo tienen
capacidad de 4 E1s sin opcin a poder crecer, los equipos de radio digital
Urbanet y Quadralink, ya no existen en el mercado, no tienen respaldo tcnico y
peor repuestos. Existe un dao en un E1 del equipo Urbanet ubicado en el edificio
La Tribuna, el eniace esta cado y no hay como repararlo.
Por esta razn es indispensable en la medida de lo posible tener equipos acordes

a la tecnologa actual para satisfacer necesidades presentes y futuras de
comunicacin como voz, datos, multimedia, video, imgenes y video conferencia
en tiempo real.
E! ancho de banda disponible se encuentra ocupado en su totalidad;

PETROPRODUCCIN ocupa 10E1s y PETROCOMERCIAL
PETROINDUSTRIAL ocupa 9E1s, por tanto es necesario optimizarlo
modificando la estructura actual para poder implementar nuevas tecnologas.
Actualmente las redes de telecomunicaciones de las filiales son independientes lo

que no les permite compartir informacin y recursos siendo esto una desventaja
ya que forman parte de una sola institucin, por tanto la unificacin de dichas
redes y la utilizacin de nueva tecnologa sera necesaria.
2.4 CARACTERSTICAS DE INTERCONEXIN
E! objetivo de la Interconexin de redes es dar un servicio de comunicacin que

involucre diversas redes con diferentes tecnologas
Algunas de las ventajas que plantea la interconexin de redes son:
Comparticin de recursos dispersos.

Coordinacin de tareas de diversos grupos de trabajo.
Reduccin de costos, al utilizar recursos de otras redes.
Aumento de la cobertura geogrfica.
Los dispositivos de interconexin de redes sirven para superar las limitaciones

fsicas de ios elementos bsicos de una red, extendiendo las topologas de sta y
son:
Concentradores (Hubs)
Encaminadores (Routers)
Conmutadores (Switches)
Pasarelas (Gateways)
Para la interconexin de las redes de las filiales con la nueva red, los dispositivos
mencionados anteriormente, deben soportar aplicaciones como multimedia, video,
imgenes y video conferencia en tiempo real adems deben estar acorde o ser
compatibles con la tecnologa a utilizarse en la red a ser diseada, en el caso de
no cumplir con estos requerimientos se los reemplazar por equipos nuevos.
Para mejorar la transmisin y recepcin de la informacin los equipos de radio

que se encuentran en el Cerro Pichincha, Edificio Villafuerte, Edificio El Roco y
Distrito Amaznico sern cambiados debido a que son obsoletos.
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CAPITULO III
3. ESTUDIO DE TRFICO Y MERCADO PARA EL

DIMENSIONAMIENTO DE LA RED DE
TELECOMUNICACIONES ADMINISTRADA POR
PETROTELECOM
3.1 ESTUDIO DE TRFICO
El estudio de trfico es el punto de partida para mejorar el rendimiento de las

comunicaciones, ayuda a planificar la gestin de los recursos de
telecomunicaciones de una empresa, proporcionando la informacin que se
necesita y asesorando en la eleccin de equipos, operadores, servicios, etc.
3.1.1 TRFICO TELEFNICO
3.1.1.1 Generalidades sobre trfico telefnico1
Se entiende por TRFICO TELEFNICO el fenmeno que se origina al ocupar

los medios de comunicacin adecuados para la transmisin de informacin en
forma de seal hablada. La intensidad de trfico telefnico es el flujo de
ocupaciones simultneas en un grupo de rganos durante un perodo de tiempo
dado.
Definiciones
Ocupacin. Estado en que se encuentra un sistema o componente de ese

sistema cuando est siendo utilizado. El suceso que se estudia (tiempo de
ocupacin de un circuito) comienza en el instante de utilizacin de ese circuito
(toma o captura) y termina cuando el circuito deja de ser utilizado (liberacin).
Llamada. Proceso de ocupaciones en los diferentes componentes que genera, en

determinadas condiciones, todo intento de comunicacin entre dos abonados.
'TRAPICO TELEFNICO: SOTO, Mauricio. Trfico Telefnico conceptos y aplicaciones. 3ra edicin.
http ://tel ec om. f-b. unam.mx/Teefonia/rfc o .html
Intento. Toda tentativa de establecer una llamada.
Congestin. Estado en que se encuentra un sistema en el que todos los circuitos

estn ocupados.
Volumen de Trfico. Suma de los tiempos de ocupacin de todos y cada uno de

los rganos o circuitos en un perodo de tiempo determinado. El volumen de
trfico es independiente det tiempo durante el cual se ha observado el fenmeno.
Se mide en las mismas unidades que el tiempo, como consecuencia de que el

trfico se genera por ocupaciones en el tiempo de los rganos encargados de
soportar o establecer la comunicacin.
ec -(3.1)
_r=l
Donde;
V~ Volumen de trfico
x = Nmero de llamadas
x - Tiempo de duracin de cada llamada
Intensidad de Trfico, Es la relacin entre el volumen de trfico cursado por un

circuito o grupo de circuitos durante un perodo de tiempo determinado de
observacin y el perodo de tiempo que ha durado dicha observacin.
=J ec.(3.2)
Donde:
A = Intensidad de trfico [Erlangs]
V = Volumen de trfico
T= Perodo de observacin
Erlang. Es la unidad de trfico que representa la ocupacin de un rgano, circuito

o un grupo de estos durante todo un perodo de observacin.
Hora Pico (Cargada). Cierto perodo del da en que e! trfico alcanza sus valores
mximos.
Sistema con prdida y espera

Es un sistema en el que, cuando todos los equipos son ocupados, una llamada
que llega no es aceptada, siendo por lo tanto rechazada y constituyndose en una
llamada perdida.
Trfico Ofrecido (Y). Representa la demanda o todas as llamadas que llegan al

sistema, es el trfico que sera despachado si todas las llamadas fueran
establecidas.
Trfico Despachado (X). Es la parte eficiente de trfico (llamadas con xito). No

representa la demanda total porque hay llamadas perdidas.
Trfico Perdido (P). En un sistema de llamadas perdidas es la fraccin de trfico

ofrecido que no se puede cursar por estar el sistema en estado de congestin.
P = Y-X ec.(3,3)
Tasa de Prdida (p). Representa la proporcin de llamadas rechazadas.
YY
ec-(3.4)
Grado de Servicio. El trmino grado de servicio define la proporcin de las

llamadas que se permite fallar durante la hora de mayor ocupacin debido a la
limitacin, por razones econmicas, del equipo de conmutacin.
Grado de servicio = (nmero de llamadas perdidas) ec.(3.5)
(nmero total de llamadas ofrecidas)

Frmula de Erlang de intensidad de trfico.
Para [a proporcin de llamadas perdidas en un grupo de disponibilidad total
incluyendo n dispositivos y arreglados de tal manera que cualquier llamada que
no encuentra un dispositivo libre se pierde, el matemtico dans "A. K. Erlang11 ha
dado la siguiente expresin:
s= Î_ ec.(3.6)
N yi
-.,
Donde:
Y = flujo de trfico ofrecido expresado en Erlang.
N = nmero de lneas de salida.
Esta frmula es frecuentemente usada en la estimacin del nmero de

dispositivos dependientes de trfico requeridos en plantas telefnicas. No slo es
usada para grupos de disponibilidad total sino tambin, en gran medida, como
base para la estimacin de las condiciones de trfico en grupos con disponibilidad
restringida. La relacin entre el nmero de dispositivos /, el flujo de trfico Y, y la
cantidad B, como se expres arriba, involucra algn trabajo de clculos numricos
y, consecuentemente, se necesitan tablas.
3.1.1.2 Anlisis de trfico telefnico
El anlisis de trfico telefnico del SISTEMA PETROECUADOR se realiza en

base al trfico generado durante el mes de Mayo del 2005 debido a que el
software PC-SISTEL que registra el trfico de la centrales telefnicas fue
instalado a finales de mes de Abril y adems los tcnicos encargados de las
centrales telefnicas sugirieron el mes de Mayo para el estudio de trfico.
3.7.7.2.1 Petroecuador, Matriz
La Central Telefnica Digital NEAX 2400 SDS, ubicada en este edificio permite
cursar ei trfico de voz. En una forma estadstica se realiz la estimacin del
trfico cursado por la central telefnica. La siguiente tabla presenta et trfico
telefnico generado durante el mes de mayo del 2005 donde se puede apreciar el
nmero de llamadas, el trfico en segundos y en Erlangs generado en un da
normal de trabajo (8:00 - 17:00).
El trfico en Erlangs se obtiene aplicando la ecuacin 3.2, donde ei tiempo de
observacin es de 9 horas.
TRAFICO TELEFNICO GENERADO EN EL MES DE MAYO OBTENIDO
EN LA CENTRAL NEAX 2400 SDS
NDE TIEMPO DE VOLUMEN TRAFICO
FECHA LLAMADAS OCUPACIN DE TRFICO (Erlangs)
(hh:mm:ss) (seg)
01/05/2005 3 0:04:16 256 0,01
02/05/2005 325 : 14:23:42 51822 1,60
03/05/2005 311 12:05:51 43551 1,34
04/05/2005 494 15:44:34 56674 1 ,75
05/05/2005 395 13:50:58 49858 1,54
06/05/2005 362 11:13:28 40408 1,25
07/05/2005 11 0:14:32 872 0,03
08/05/2005 2 0:05:32 332 0,01
09/05/2005 464 18:21:54 66114 2,04
10/05/2005 374 12:59:56 46796 1,44
11/05/2005 428 14:57:04 53824 1,66
12/05/2005 383 14:46:02 53162 1,64
13/05/2005 372 14:25:12 51912 1,60
14/05/2005 . 8 0:11:46 706 0,02
15/05/2005 5 0:11:02 662 0,02
16/05/2005 374 15:29:20 55760 1,72
17/05/2005 370 14:05:42 . 50742 1,57
18/05/2005 349 11:37:14 41834 1,29
19/05/2005 373 13:36:24 48984 1,51
20/05/2005 393 13:19:20 47960 1,48
21/05/2005 : 20 0:42:06 2526 0,08
22/05/2005 6 0:08:46 526 0,02
23/05/2005 415 14:30:07 52207 | 1,61
24/05/2005 405 15:56:24 57384 1,77
25/05/2005 348 13:21:19 48079 1,48
26/05/2005 ; 367 :- 13:52:04 49924 1,54
27/05/2005 97 ;[ 2:50:04 10204 0,31
28/05/2005 4 : 0:05:50 350 0,01
29/05/2005 2 0:00:58 58 0,00
30/05/2005 431 15:09:10 54550 1,68
31/05/2005 309 13:08:42 47322 1,46
Tabla 3.1: Trfico Telefnico Edificio PETROECUADOR, MATRIZ

D D
oj
G
o o f>t
CN
o
o
o
y
I E E
CS
D B a
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Figura 3.1: Trfico Telefnico Edificio PETROECUADOR, MATRIZ

En base a los resultados obtenidos se determina que el da 9 de mayo presenta
mayor trfico telefnico, por tanto se analiza la hora ms crtica, es decir, la hora
pico para este da. La Tabla.3,2 indica los resultados del volumen de trfico
generado en los distintos intervalos de tiempo y los resultados del trfico en
Erlangs para un tiempo de observacin de 1 hora aplicando las ecuaciones 3.1 y
3.2 respectivamente.
INTERVALO NDE TIEMPO DE VOLUMEN TRFICO

DA DE TIEMPO LLAMADAS OCUPACIN DE (Erlangs)
(hh:mm:ss) TRFICO
(seg)
09/05/2005 8:00-9:00 40 1:29:36 5376 1,49
09/05/2005 9:01-10:00 44 1:20:56 4856 1,35
09/05/2005 10:01 -11:00 44 1:47:38 6458 1,79
09/05/2005 11:01 -12:00 62 1:31:04 5464 1,52
09/05/2005 12:01-13:00 35 1:04:56 3896 1,08
09/05/2005 13:01 -14:00 59 2:58:38 10718 2,98
09/05/2005 14:01 -15:00 ' 59 3:01:42 10902 3,03
09/05/2005 15:01 -16:00 79 3:22:04 12124 3,37
09/05/2005 16:01 -17:00 42 1:45:20 6320 1,76
Tabla, 3.2: Trfico Telefnico 09/05/05 Edificio PETROECUADOR, MATRIZ
TRFICO TELEFNICO 09/05/05
3,50 -f
0 8:00 - 9:00
3,00-
SI 9:01 - 10:00
& 2,50- D 10:01 -11:00
5fl
C
D 11:01 - 12:00
S 2' BI 12:01 - 13:00
O
P 1,50- H 13:01 - 14:00
-5 a 14:01 - 15:00
p 1,00- D 15:01 - 16:00
0,50- m 16:01 -17:00
0,00-
INTERVALO DETEYIPO
Figura 3.2: Hora Pico Edificio PETROECUADOR, MATRIZ

Por tanto la hora pico corresponde al intervalo de tiempo establecido entre las
15:01 y 16:00 con un valor de trfico generado de 3,37 (Erlangs).
Aplicando ias Tablas de Erlang B (Anexo A) para un grado de servicio del 1%2 se
determina que el nmero de circuitos para cursar los 3,37 (Erlangs)
correspondientes a la hora pico es N = 9
3.1.1.2.2 Petropr aduccin
Edificio Villafuerte
Este edificio dispone de la Central Telefnica Digital Meridian Opcin 61, para
cursar el trfico de voz .En la Tabla 3.3 se presenta el trfico telefnico generado
durante el mes de mayo de! 2005, en un da normal de trabajo (8:00 - 17:00).
2 GRADO DE SERVICIO DEL 1%: El grado de servicio tpico es de 1% durante la hora pico, esto significa que en
promedio, en la hora pico se pierde ima de cada cien llamadas.
TRAFICO TELEFNICO GENERADO EN EL MES DE MAYO
OBTENIDO EN LA CENTRAL MERIDIAN OPCIN 61C
(hh:mm:ss) (seg)
01/05/2005 11 0:53:38 3218 0,10
02/05/2005 729 27:41:04 99664 3,08
03/05/2005 795 31:19:56 112796 3,48
04/05/2005 692 29:00:14 104414 3,22
05/05/2005 812 32:52:56 118376 3,65
06/05/2005 703 26:48:10 96490 2,98
07/05/2005 31 0:36:50 2210 0,07
08/05/2005 13 0:39:38 2378 0,07
09/05/2005 735 27:44:08 99848 3,08
10/05/2005 162 7:07:32 25652 0,79
11/05/2005 729 31:47:06 114426 3,53
12/05/2005 749 30:18:10 109090 3,37
13/05/2005 718 29:00:34 104434 3,22
14/05/2005 22 1:04:50 3890 0,12
15/05/2005 17 0:55:42 3342 0,10
16/05/2005 783 32:33:00 117180 3,62
17/05/2005 807 36:07:18 130038 4,01
18/05/2005 803 32:24:50 116690 3,60
1 9/05/2005 702 : 31:15:42 112542 3,47
20/05/2005 637 24:41:36 88896 2,74
21/05/2005 33 1:14:40 4480 0,14
22/05/2005 19 1:01:24 3684 0,11
23/05/2005 700 31:24:14 113054 3,49
24/05/2005 744 30:31:36 109896 3,39
25/05/2005 651 27:19:56 98396 3,04
26/05/2005 658 28:02:42 100962 3,12
27/05/2005 12 0:26:24 1584 0,05
28/05/2005 43 1:17:36 4656 0,14
29/05/2005 17 0:56:50 3410 0,11
30/05/2005 681 26:55:30 96930 2,99
31/05/2005 780 32:11:50 115910 3,58
Tabla 3.3: Trfico Telefnico Edificio VILLAFUERTE

D a
CN
H
(N
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Figura 3.3: Trfico Telefnico Edificio VILLAFUERTE

De los resultados obtenidos se determina que el da 17 de mayo, presenta mayor
trfico telefnico, por tanto se analiza la hora pico para este da. La Tabla.3.4
indica los resultados de trfico en segundos y Erlangs generado en los distintos
intervalos de tiempo.
INTERVALOS NDE TIEMPO DE VOLUMEN TRFICO

DA DE TIEMPO LLAMADAS OCUPACIN DE (Erlangs)
(hh:mm:ss) TRFICO
(seg)
17/05/05 8:00-9:00 57 6:32:34 23554 6,54
17/05/05 9:01-10:00 . . 75 . : 3:49:12 13752 3,82
17/05/05 10:01 -11:00 92 3:41:42 13302 3,70
17/05/05 11:01 -12:00 106 4:34:14 16454 4,57
17/05/05 12:01 -.13:00 82 2:55:12 10512 2,92
17/05/05 13:01 -14:00 : 92 3:26:30 12390 3,44
17/05/05 _ 14:01-15:00 92 3:40:18 13218 3,67
17/05/05 15:01-16:00 98 3:44:40 13480 3,74
17/05/05 16:01 -17:00 = 113 3:42:56 13376 3,72
Tabla 3.4: Trfico Telefnico 17/05/05 Edificio VILLAFUERTE
TRAFICO TELEFNICO 17/05/05
08:00- 9:00
9:01~ 10:00
G 10:01 -11:00
d 4- 011:01 -12:00
O a 12:01 - 13:00
S 3
E 13:01 - 14:00
3 2 E 14:01 - 15:00
G 15:01 - 16:00
i E 16:01 - 17:00
o-
INTERVALOS DE TIEMPO
Figura 3.4: Hora Pico Edificio VILLAFUERTE

La hora pico corresponde al intervalo de tiempo establecido entre las 8:00 y 9:00
con un valor de trfico generado de 6,54 (Erlangs).
Se determina que el nmero de circuitos para cursar los 6,54 (Erlangs) con un
grado de servicio del 1% es N = 13
Edificio La Tribuna
La Central Telefnica Digital Meridian Opcin 11 instalada en este edificio se
utiliza para cursar ei trfico de voz.
En la Tabla. 3.5 se presenta el trfico telefnico generado durante el mes de
mayo dei 2005 en un da normal de trabajo (8:00 - 17:00).
f
TRFICO TELEFNICO GENERADO EN EL MES DE MAYO
OBTENIDO EN LA CENTRAL MERIDIAN OPCIN 11C
(hh:mm:ss) (seg)
01/05/2005 4 0:05:00 300 0,01
02/05/2005 392 14:13:56 51236 1,58
03/05/2005 397 13:27:30 48450 1,50
04/05/2005 . 326 10:28:30 37710 1,16
05/05/2005 393 14:21:34 51694 1,60 .
06/05/2005 431 14:22:06 51726 1,60
07/05/2005 11 0:12:14 734 0,02
08/05/2005 1 0:03:08 188 0,01
09/05/2005 335 10:04:12 36252 1,12
10/05/2005 8 0:10:56 656 0,02
11/05/2005 365 13:00:16 46816 1,44
12/05/2005 463 16:15:28 58528 1,81
13/05/2005 432 14:10:52 51052 1,58
14/05/2005 8 0:22:28 1348 0,04
15/05/2005 4 0:04:00 240 0,01
16/05/2005 354 12:01:42 43302 1,34
17/05/2005 77 2:03:04 7384 0,23
18/05/2005 243 7:55:04 28504 0,88
1 9/05/2005 442 16:11:38 58298 1,80
20/05/2005 490 15:04:48 54288 1,68
21/05/2005 4 0:03:52 232 0,01
22/05/2005 9 0:07:18 438 0,01
23/05/2005 317 11:58:56 43136 1,33
24/05/2005 422 15:51:32 57092 1,76
25/05/2005 366 13:17:34 47854 1,48
26/05/2005 491 15:39:34 56374 1,74
27/05/2005 | 1 2 - | 0:15:54 954 0,03
28/05/2005 \ \0 350 | 0,01
29/05/2005 j 13 :| 0:27:06 1626 0,05
30/05/2005 | 400 j 12:38:50 45530 1,41
31/05/2005 j 413 j 12:57:20 46640 1,44
Tabla 3.5: Trfico Telefnico Edificio LA TRIBUNA

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04
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< 04
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Figura 3.5: Trfico Telefnico Edificio LA TRIBUNA

Los resultados indican que el da 12 de mayo, presenta mayor trfico telefnico,
por tanto se analiza la hora pico para este da. La Tabla.3,6 indica los resultados
del trfico en segundos y Erlangs generado en los distintos intervalos de tiempo.
DA INTERVALO NDE TIEMPO DE VOLUMEN TRFICO

DE TIEMPO LLAMADAS OCUPACIN DE (Erlangs)
(hh:mm:ss) TRFICO
(seg)
12/05/05 8:00-9:00 37 1:03:10 : 3790 1,05 .
12/05/05 9:01-10:00 76 2:16:30 8190 2,28
12/05/05 10:01 -11:00 47 _ 1:36:48 .5808 1,61
12/05/05 11:01 -12:00 72 1:53:00 6780 1,88 .
12/05/05 12:01 -13:00 26 0:51:52 3112 0,86
12/05/05 13:01 -14:00 35 1:06:00 , 3960 1,10
12/05/05 14:01 -15:00 57 2:20:16 8416 2,34
12/05/05 15:01 -16:00 65 3:06:44 11204 3,11
12/05/05 16:01 -17:00 48 2:01:08 7268 2,02
Tabla 3.6: Trfico Telefnico 12/05/05 Edificio LA TRIBUNA
DS:00-9:00
09:01-10:00
D10:OI -11:00
011:01-12:00
o 11112:01-13:00
013:01-14:00
e* 014:01-15:00
015:01 -16:00
016:01-17:00
Figura 3.6: Hora Pico Edificio LA TRIBUNA
La hora pico corresponde al intervalo de tiempo establecido entre las 15:01 y

16:00 con un valor de trfico generado de 3,11 (Erlangs).
Se determina que e! nmero de circuitos para cursar los 3,11 (Erlangs) con un
grado de servicio del 1% es N = 8
3.1.1.2.3 Petrocomercil
Edificio El Roco
Este edificio dispone de la Central Telefnica Mtel 3300, con puertos para
troncales, extensiones analgicas y digitales, a travs de la cual se cursa el trfico
telefnico.
El trfico telefnico generado durante el mes de mayo del 2005 en un da normal
de trabajo (8:00-17:00) se puede observaren la Tabla 3.7.
TRAFICO TELEFNICO GENERADO EN EL MES DE MAYO OBTENIDO
EN LA CENTRAL TELEFNICA MITEL 3300
(hh:mm:ss) (seg)
01/05/2005 15 1:05:14 3914 0,12
02/05/2005 618 22:18:28 80308 2,48
03/05/2005 738 28:22:16 102136 3,15
04/05/2005 777 29:37:50 106670 3,29
05/05/2005 628 27:13:02 97982 3,02
06/05/2005 647 24:50:40 89440 2,76
07/05/2005 12 0:37:28 2248 0,07
08/05/2005 20 0:49:30 2970 0,09
09/05/2005 614 25:27:56 91676 2,83
10/05/2005 559 22:33:22 81202 2,51
11/05/2005 625 24:11:38 87098 2,69
12/05/2005 662 25:06:06 90366 2,79
13/05/2005 743 25:47:58 92878 2,87
14/05/2005 30 1:09:14 4154 0,13
15/05/2005 7 0:29:26 1766 0,05
16/05/2005 549 21:23:18 76998 2,38
17/05/2005 597 24:11:42 87102 2,69
18/05/2005 692 29:00:14 104414 3,22
19/05/2005 651 28:47:24 103644 3,20
20/05/2005 735 27:44:08 99848 3,08
21/05/2005 16 0:36:10 2170 0,07
22/05/2005 7 0:40:34 2434 0,08
23/05/2005 642 26:31:42 95502 2,95
24/05/2005 453 17:27:30 62850 1,94
25/05/2005 558 22:51:20 82280 2,54
26/05/2005 636 25:56:36 93396 2,88
27/05/2005 31 1:58:26 7106 0,22
28/05/2005 25 1:35:34 5734 0,18 1
29/05/2005 11 0:49:16 2956 0,09
30/05/2005 516 25:33:24 92004 2,84
31/05/2005 689 28:16:36 101796 3,14
Tabla 3.7: Trfico Telefnico Edificio EL ROCO

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01
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Figura 3.7: Trfico Telefnico Edificio EL ROCO

Se determina que el da 4 de mayo, presenta mayor trfico telefnico, por lo cual
se analiza la hora pico para este da. Los resultados de trfico en segundos y
Erlangs generado en los distintos intervalos de tiempo se indican en la Tabla.3.8.
INTERVALO NDE TIEMPO DE VOLUMEN TRAFICO

DA DE TIEMPO i LLAMADAS OCUPACIN DE (Erlangs)
(hh:mm:ss) TRFICO
(seg)
04/05/2005 8:00 - 9:00 85 3:34:58 12898 3,58
04/05/2005 9:01-10:00 : 107 4:26:26 15986 4,44
04/05/2005 10:01 -11:00 ; 86 .2:55:34 10534 2,93
04/05/2005 11:01 -12:00 . 115 3:09:34 11374 3,16
04/05/2005 12:01 -13:00 . 47 1:44:18 6258 1,74
04/05/2005 13:01-14:00 86 3:15:20 11720 3,26
04/05/2005 14:01-15:00 96 3:38:18 13098 3,64
04/05/2005 15:01 -16:00 95 4:46:20 17180 4,77
04/05/2005 16:01 -17:00 60 2:07:02 7622 2,12
Tabla 3.8: Trfico Telefnico 04/05/05 Edificio EL ROCO
D 8:00-9:00
119:01-10:00
010:01-11:00
G 11:01 -12:00
1312:01-13:00
D 13:01-14:00
D 14:01-15:00
015:01- 16:00
16:01 -17:00
INTERVALOS DE TIEMPO
Figura 3.8: Hora Pico Edificio EL ROCO

Se determina que el nmero de circuitos para cursar los 4,77 (Erlangs) con un
grado de servicio del 1 % es N = 11
3.1.1,2.4 Petroinditstrial
Edificio Mara Victoria

El trfico telefnico de esta filial se cursa mediante la Central Telefnica Mitel
3300.
Ei trfico telefnico generado durante el mes de mayo del 2005 en un da normal
de trabajo (8:00- 17:00) se puede observaren la Tabla 3.9.
TRFICO TELEFNICO GENERADO EN EL MES DE MAYO OBTENIDO
EN LA CENTRAL MITEL 3300
FECHA NDE TIEMPO DE VOLUMEN DE TRAFICO
LLAMADAS OCUPACIN TRFICO (seg) (Erlangs)
(hh:mm:ss)
01/05/2005 14 0:16:16 976 0,03
02/05/2005 207 8:19:36 29976 0,93
03/05/2005 300 12:29:36 44976 1,39
04/05/2005 36 1:43:36 6216 0,19
05/05/2005 261 10:02:48 36168 1,12
-06/05/2005 168 6:54:36 24876 0,77
07/05/2005 27 1:24:48 5088 0,16
08/05/2005 10 0:16:06 966 0,03
09/05/2005 36 1:03:48 3828 0,12
10/05/2005 150 7:40:00 27600 0,85
11/05/2005 231 10:10:18 36618 1,13
12/05/2005 156 7:13:12 25992 0,80
13/05/2005 192 10:25:18 37518 1,16
14/05/2005 18 0:58:48 3528 0,11
15/05/2005 11 0:50:48 3048 0,09
16/05/2005 198 9:17:18 33438 1,03
17/05/2005 162 9:16:36 33396 1,03
18/05/2005 213 7:25:48 26748 0,83
19/05/2005 180 10:34:30 38070 1,18
20/05/2005 210 11:21:30 40890 1,26
21/05/2005 14 0:38:50 2330 0,07
22/05/2005 12 0:56:12 3372 0,10
23/05/2005 126 8:29:30 30570 0,94
24/05/2005 246 12:24:18 44658 1,38
25/05/2005 261 13:43:48 49428 1,53
26/05/2005 246 11:59:54 ; 43194 1,33
27/05/2005 45 2:08:00 7680 0,24
28/05/2005 54 1:30:06 5406 0,17
29/05/2005 9 0:24:56 1496 0,05
30/05/2005 192 8:40:06 31206 0,96
31/05/2005 174 7:30:48 27048 0,83
Tabla 3.9: Trfico Telefnico Edificio MARA VICTORIA

(N
O
cS
O
os 03 o
o o3 m
m n H
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03
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o)
H Q B
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El
Figura 3.9: Trfico Telefnico Edificio MARtA VICTORIA

El da 25 del mes de mayo presenta el mayor trfico telefnico, entonces se
analiza la hora pico para este da. Los resultados de trfico en segundos y
Erlangs generado en los distintos Intervalos de tiempo se Indican en laTaba.3.10.
DA INTERVALO NDE TIEMPO DE VOLUMEN TRAFICO

DE TIEMPO LLAMADAS OCUPACIN DE (Erlangs)
(hh:mm:ss) TRFICO
(seg)
25/05/2005 8:00-9:00 40 2:30:00 9000 2,50
25/05/2005 9:01 -10:00 30 1:27:48 5268 1,46
25/05/2005 10:01 -11:00 33 3:49:48 13788 3,38
25/05/2005 11:01 -12:00 27 . 1:49:48 6588 1,83
25/05/2005 : 12:01 -13:00 24 0:24:12 1452 0,40
25/05/2005 13:01 -14:00 . 45 1:53:42 6822 1,90
25/05/2005 14:01 -15:00 33 1:27:54 5274 1,47
25/05/2005 15:01-16:00 17 0:15:36 936 0,26 ;
25/05/2005 16:01-17:00 . 12 0:05:00 300 0,08
Tabla 3.10: Trfico Telefnico 25/05/05 Edificio MARA VICTORIA
3,50-, S8:00- 9:00

3,00- H9:01- 10:00
G 10:01 -11:00
I 2,50-
011:01 - 12:00
2,00- S 12:01 - 13:00
O H 13:01 - 14:00
HJ4:01 - 15:00
' 1,00-
E-. 015:01 -16:00
0,50- H 16:01 - 17:00
0,00-
INTERVALOS DE
Figura 3.10: Hora Pico Edificio MARA VICTORIA

Se determina que el numero de circuitos para cursarlos 3,38 (Erlangs) con un
-grado de servicio del 1 % es N = 9
3.1.2 TRFICO DE DATOS
El trfico de datos actualmente se encuentra limitado a enlaces digitales de

64Kbps, los cuales pertenecen al sistema de microondas digital.
3.1.2.1 Petroproduccln
En el Laboratorio de Yacimientos San Rafael, edificio Villafuerte y edificio La

Tribuna se utilizan 1, 13 y 14 canales de 64 kbps para el transporte de datos
respectivamente.
La red de datos de Petroproduccin (Figura 2.24) cuenta con 13 servidores,

nueve de ios cuales se encuentran funcionando en el Edificio Villafuerte, uno en el
Edificio de la Tribuna y tres en Lago Agrio.
E1 sistema informtico multiusuario AS/400 de IBM que tiene la red de datos

brinda a los usuarios utilidades en cuanto a software para cada rea.
Los servicios que tiene actualmente esta filial son:
Internet
Correo Electrnico
Transferencia de archivos (FTP)
Servicio de Nombres de Dominio (DNS)
3.1.2.2 Petrocomercialy Petromdustrll
En l Roco se dispone de 9E1s para transporte de voz y datos, de los cuales TE1
corresponde a Petroindustrial. Adems se utiliza un canal de datos para la
comunicacin con Petroecuador, Matriz.
La red de datos de Petrocomerclal (Rgura 2.33) cuenta con 11 servidores.
Los servicios y aplicaciones que tiene actualmente esta filial son:
Internet
- Correo Electrnico
Transferencia de archivos (FTP)
Servicio de Nombres de Dominio (DNS)
Petrolndustrial posee los mismos servicios mencionados anteriormente ya que

sus comunicaciones se realizan a travs de la red de Petrocomercia!,
3.2 ESTUDIO DE DEMANDA
El objetivo de este estudio es tener una nocin ciara de los servicios que tienen y
requieren los usuarios en cada filial.
Para el estudio de la demanda se realizaron sondeos de opinin a los Jefes de los

departamentos dei SISTEMA PETROECUADOR porque ellos conocen las
necesidades de servicios que tiene su respectivo departamento; los sondeos se
realizaron a travs de- encuestas: personales. E formato de a encuesta se adjunta
en el Anexo B.
3.2.1 PROCESAMIENTO Y ANLISIS DE LA INFORMACtN
El resultado de la Informacin obtenida de 1as encuestas realizadas en

PETROECUADOR y sus filiales se presenta en grficos. En a figura 3.11 se
muestran ios servicios de comunicaciones que actualmente utilizan los usuarios
de PETROECUADOR y sus filiales, donde se puede apreciar que los servicios
utilizados con ms frecuencia son telefona, Internet, correo electrnico y fax,
mientras que el servicio menos utilizado es transmisin de archivos.
8 J ta
eu
n
2:
O
p
z
2
5
O
(%)
Figura 3.11: Utilizacin de servicios

Para los usuarios la calidad de los servicios de comunicaciones se encuentra
entre MUY BUENO y BUENO como se puede observaren la Figura 3.12.
CALIDAD DE SERVICIOS DE COMUNICACIONES
0-J
Petroecuador, Matriz Petroproduccn Petrocomercial Petroindustrial
SISTEMA PETROECUAOR
E ptimo D Muy bueno D Bueno El Regular D Deficiente
Figura 3.12: Calidad del servicio de comunicaciones
En las Figuras 3.13, 3.14, 3.15 y 3.16 se presentan los servicios de

comunicaciones que necesita el SISTEMA PETROECUADOR de acuerdo con las
encuestas realizadas a 1os jefes de departamento de PETROECUADOR y sus
filiales, de stos se puede observar que el de mayor inters es el servicio de video
conferencia ya que ocupa el porcentaje ms alto de acuerdo a las estadsticas, el
cual sera indispensable para agilitar a toma de decisiones que la actividad
petrolera requiera.
Petroecuador, Matriz
16%
54%
21%
H Video conferencia D Facilidades multimedia QFacsfmil O Video vigilancia
Figura 3.13: Servicios requeridos por Petroecuador, Matriz
Petroproduccin
10%
57%
22%
Video conferencia G Facilidades multimedia S Facsmil n Video vigilancia
Figura 3.14: Servicios requeridos por Petroproduccin
Petrocomercial
21%
43%
25%
11 Video conferencia D Facilidades multimedia DFacsmil D Video vigilancia
Figura 3.15: Servicios requeridos por Petrocomercial

Petroindustrial
18%
50%
S Video conferencia DFacilidades multimedia npacsmil D Video vigilancia
Figura 3.16: Servicios requeridos por Petroindustrial
De los resultados obtenidos por medio de las encuestas se determina que la

propuesta de red brindar principalmente servicios de: voz, datos (Internet, correo
electrnico, transmisin de archivos) y mayores facilidades de comunicacin entre
filiales, adicionalmente se dispondr del servicio de video conferencia ya que es el
ms importante de acuerdo a las necesidades del SISTEMA PETROECUADOR.
3.2.2 DETERMINACIN DE REQUERTMIENTOS DE ANCHO DE BANDA
Para dimensonar adecuadamente el ancho de banda (bps) del canal de

comunicaciones, es necesario tomar en cuenta aspectos como: medio de
transmisin, servicios actuales y requeridos por los usuarios.
Las aplicaciones que se consideran para el dimensionamiento son: telefona,

Internet, correo electrnico, transmisin de archivos (FTP) y videoconferencia
De acuerdo con los resultados obtenidos en el estudio de trfico telefnico, se

determina el ancho de banda para voz, utilizando el nmero de circuitos
necesarios en la hora pico por el ancho de banda requerido por el CODEC
G.729a, dicho codee brinda una mayor calidad de voz, un ancho de banda
relativamente bajo y es el ms utilizado para aplicaciones de VolP.
Las caractersticas del codee G.729a se presentan en la tabla 3.11. En la mayora
de las implementaciones los paquetes de VolP tienen una estructura de: el
payload, 3 cabeceras (IP, UDP, RTP) y la cabecera de la capa enlace utilizada
(Figura 3,17),
CODEC Tasa de Payload de Paquetes por Factor de

bits voz segundo compresin
G.729.a
(CS-ACELP) 8kbps 20 bytes 50 (ppp) 8
Tabla 3.11: Caractersticas del codee G.729a"
Cabecera Capa
Payload Cabecera RTP Cabecera UDP Cabecera IP
Enlace
x byte 12 byte 8 byte 20 byte Y bytes
Figura 3.17: Formato de un paquete de VolP4
La informacin se transporta sobre el protocolo de enlace PPP que tiene 7 bytes

de cabecera el formato de la trama PPP se muestra en la Figura 3.18.
Direccin Control Suma de

Bandera Protocolo Daos Bandera
Verificacin
1 byte 1 byte 1 byte 1 o 2 byte Variable 2 o 4 bytes 1 byte
Figura 3.18: Formato de trama PPP
La longitud total del paquete de VolP es de 67 bytes de los cuales 20 bytes son
de payload, 40 bytes de las cabeceras RTP/UDP/IP y 7 bytes de la cabecera
PPP.
Integracin de vozy Datos, J.M. Hurtado; D. Roldan, McGraw Hll, Madrd, 2003.
''Tapia Diego, Tesis, EPN
5 FoIleto de Telemtica, Jng. Pablo .Hidalgo, EPN
.-. La ecuacin 3.7 proporciona el ancho de banda general necesario para cada
llamada:
longitud _ sobrec arg a + longitud _ encapsidadn ._

ec. (<j./)
x '
Donde:
= Ancho de banda necesario para cada llamada.
= Ancho de banda o tasa de bits del codee
Longitud_sobrecarga = Longitud del payload
Longitud_encapsuiacin - Cantidad de bytes adicionales al payload debido al
transporte del paquete a travs de las capas
2Qbytes + 47bytes ^. r^r

\ = 26.SKbps
2Qbytes
Para disminuir el ancho de banda se considera la utilizacin de supresin de

silencios VAD (Voice Activity Deection) evita que paquetes sin informacin de voz
sean enviados, VAD se encarga de suprimir Jos paquetes que carecen de
informacin audible es decir los paquetes correspondientes a los silencios durante
una conversacin, puede reducir los requerimientos de ancho de banda incluso
hasta un 50%.
Aplicando la ecuacin 3.7 haciendo uso de VAD se tiene el siguiente ancho de
banda:
10 bytes + 2Qbytes + 3 .Sbytes 1_ .n

= KKbps UAKbps
20bytes
En la Tabla 3.12 se presenta la demanda de ancho de banda de voz requerida por

el SISTEMA-PETROECUADOR.
NUMERO DE DEMANDA DE
CIRCUITOS ANCHO DE
FILIAL EDIFICIO REQUERIDOS EN BANDA [Kbps]
LA HORA PICO (N)
Petroecuador Matriz 9 120.6
Petroproduccin Villafuerte 13 174.2
La Tribuna 8 107.2
Petrocomercial |E1 Roco 11 147.4
Petroindustral Mara Victoria 120.6
TOTAL 670
Tabla 3.12: Demanda de ancho de banda para voz
Para la determinacin de anchos de banda de ios servicios se han asignado

valores tpicos que se presentan en la Tabla 3.13 los mismos que sern tomados
como valores tericos y referenciales, debido a que no fue posible acceder a
estadsticas que indiquen la ocupacin real de dichas aplicaciones.
ANCHO DE BANDA TPICO6

SERVICIO [Kbps]
Internet 32
Correo Electrnico 19.2
Transferencia de archivos (FTP) 19.2
Tabla 3.13: Ancho de banda tpico para servicios de datos
En la Tabla 3.14 se indica la demanda existente de los servicios actuales. La

demanda de ancho de banda se obtuvo multiplicando el nmero actual de
usuarios por el ancho de banda tpico que necesita el servicio.
6REF[80]; Palacios Quetty, Tesis, EPN

NMERO DEMANDA DE
FILIAL SERVICIO DE ANCHO DE
USUARIOS BANDA [Mbps]
ACTUALES7
Internet 77 2.464
Petroecuador, Correo Electrnico 87 1.670

Matriz
Transmisin de 56 1.075
Archivos
Internet 147 4.704
Petroproduccin Correo Electrnico 167 3.206

Archivos
Internet 121 3.872
Petrocomercial Correo Electrnico 132 2.534

Archivos
Internet 78 2.496
Petroindustrial Correo Electrnico 84 1.613

Archivos
Tabla 3.14: Demanda existente de servicios actuales en el SISTEMA

PETROECUADOR
Con el uso de enlaces dedicados o ISDN el ancho de banda necesario para video
conferencia puede oscilar entre 128 y 384 Kbps8, la videoconferencia sobre IP
puede usar eso, ms al menos un 20% extra correspondiente a los datos de
control de la sesin. Por tanto el ancho de banda que se utilizar para este
servicio es 256 kbps un valor promedio entre los 128 y 384 kbps, y sumado el
20% se obtiene un 307.2 kbps.
'USUARIOS ACTUALES: Informacin obtenida en los departamentos de telecomunicaciones y sistemas de las

respectivas filiales.
SANCHO DE BANDA PARA VIDEOCONFERENCIA:
http://\v\v\v.cnterate.unam.mx/ArlicuIos/2004/octubre/videocon;'htrn
NMERO DE DEMANDA DE
SERVICIO POSIBLES ANCHO DE BANDA
USUARIOS [Mbps]
Internet 423 13.536
Correo Electrnico 470 9.024
Transmisin de Archivos 307 5.894
Videoconferencia 140y 43.01
TOTAL 71.464
Tabla 3.15: Demanda de ancho de banda para datos
La Tabla 3.15 indica que la demanda de ancho de banda para datos es 71.464
Mbps, dicho valor correspondera si todos los usuarios estaran utilizando los
servicios de la red al mismo tiempo, por tanto se toma un 30% del valor total de
acuerdo a las sugerencias dadas por los administradores de las redes del
SISTEMA PETROECUADOR en base a la monitorizacin de la red, a ios registros
de entradas y salidas de los usuarios y a registros de arranque de determinadas
aplicaciones, obteniendo un ancho de banda de 21.439 Mbps.
La demanda total de ancho de banda existente se muestra en la Tabla 3.16.
DEMANDA DE
SERVICIO ANCHO DE BANDA
[Mbps]
Voz 0.670
Datos 21.439
Total 22.109
Tabla 3.16: Demanda total de ancho de banda existente para la propuesta de red
^POSIBLES USUARIOS (140): Informacin obtenida a travs de encuestas.

Proyeccin a mediano plazo (3 aos)
Para la proyeccin a mediano plazo se considera un margen de crecimiento de la

red del 15% anual por las siguientes razones:
El crecimiento a nivel de usuarios es muy poco significativo ya que

PETROECUADOR es una empresa del estado (Anexo C).
No existen estadsticas que indiquen como crece la informacin en las
redes del SISTEMA PETROECUADOR.
Mediante la ecuacin 3.810 se obtiene la proyeccin a mediano plazo.
ec.(3.8)
Donde:
Vf = Valor final de ancho de banda
Vo = Valor inicial de ancho de banda
rp = Tasa de crecimiento promedio
n = Numero de aos
El ancho de banda total obtenido para la propuesta de red es 33.625 Mbps, sin
embargo se debe considerar un futuro incremento de aplicaciones,
0REF[93]; Oriiz Pablo, Tesis, EPN

CAPTULO IV
4. DISEO DE LA RED DE TELECOMUNICACIONES
El presente captulo tiene como objetivo disear una propuesta de red que
permita enlazar las redes de telecomunicaciones de las filiales de
PETROECUADOR, para optimizarla gestin y el uso de recursos.
Cuando se disea una red se desea obtener el mximo rendimiento de sus

capacidades. Para conseguir esto, la red debe estar preparada para efectuar
conexiones a travs de otras redes.
El objetivo de la interconexin de redes es dar un servicio de comunicacin de

datos que involucre diversas redes con diferentes tecnologas de forma
transparente para el usuario.
4.1 DETERMINACIN DE LA TOPOLOGA DE LA RED1
La topologa de una red es la disposicin de sus interconexiones aunque son

posibles muchos tipos de topologas todas estn basadas en unos pocos tipos de
conexiones,
Topologa punto a punto

Cuando dos LAN estn conectadas a travs de un nico enlace, la topologa
recibe el nombre de punto a punto. Es posible conectar otras LAN
mantenindose la misma topologa. Este tipo de conexin es sencillo de
impiementar pero tiene la desventaja de que todo el trfico entre dos puntos
debe pasar a travs de todos los nodos intermedios. Como ventaja se puede
citar que, posiblemente, tiene la distancia total de interconexiones ms corta,
"un factor importante 'si tas lneas tienen que alquilarse.
GONZLEZ, Fabio. Diplomado Superior en Plataformas Operativas .para Inlernetworking, Mdulo Vil, Abril 2005
Topologa en estrella
Para reducir los retardos entre un LAN y otra, las interconexiones pueden
reorganizarse en forma de estrella. El nmero de enlaces es el mismo pero
cada punto de la estrella solo tiene que realizar dos saltos para "alcanzar otro
punto. Probablemente, la longitud de los enlaces deber ser mayor y, por
consiguiente, tambin los costos. El router situado en el centro de la estrella
necesitar un interfaz para cada punto, pero los routers de los puntos slo
necesitarn 'una interfaz WAN.
Topologa en malla
Si se precisa redundancia o un retardo mnimo, se pueden aadir ms enlaces
para crear un topologa en malla. Con ella, cada LAN solo tiene que dar un
"salto para alcanzar otra LAN, y la red es mucho ms robusta porque el fallo en
un nodo no evitar que el resto puedan seguir comunicndose. La baja
latencia y la robustez tambin influyen en el costo porque son necesarios ms
nterfaces y enlaces.
Segn van creciendo las redes, estas topologas bsicas no son fcilmente
escalables, por lo que se hace necesario otro planteamiento ms estructurado:
una topologa jerrquica.
Topologa Jerrquica
En una estructura jerrquica la red est organizada en capas que realizan una
o ms tareas especficas. Las ventajas del uso de este modelo son varias:
Escalabilidad
Facilidad de implementacin
Facilidad para la resolucin de problemas
Pronosticacin
Soporte de protocolo
Manejabilidad
Los modelos jerrquicos de diseo de red usan capas para simplificar las
tareas de interconexin de redes. El uso de un sistema jerrquico facilita as
modificaciones, la medularidad en el diseo de una red permite crear
elementos que puedan reproducirse segn crezca la red.
El modelo jerrquico ser utilizado en el diseo porque en la actualidad y con la

aparicin de nuevas tecnologas y aplicaciones, se requiere un diseo
estructurado de la red tomando como base que el diseo sea escalable.
4.2 DISEO JERRQUICO EN TRES CAPAS2

Un diseo de red jerrquico incluye las siguientes tres capas:
Capa ncleo (backbone): Corresponde a la parte central de la red, debe

ofrecer alta contabilidad, baja latencia y buena capacidad de gestin.
Proveer redundancia y tolerancia a fallos, adaptarse rpidamente a los
cambios y evitar la manipulacin lenta de paquetes causada por filtros u
otros procesos.
Capa distribucin: Es el punto de demarcacin entre las capas de acceso
y ncleo, y ayuda a definir y diferenciar ste ltimo.
Esta capa tiene las siguientes funciones: Impementacin de polticas,
seguridad, agregacin de direcciones o reas, definicin de dominios de
broadcast / multicast.
Capa acceso: Es el punto a travs del cul los usuarios pueden ingresar a
la red,
4.2.1 DISEO DEL BACKBONE DE LA RED
Para integrar las redes de telecomunicaciones del SISTEMA PETROECUADOR

existen diversas tecnologas que se pueden utilizar dentro del backbone de la red,
a continuacin se presentan las caractersticas de las tecnologas de red de
mayor relevancia:
2GONZALEZ, Fabio. Diplomado Superior en Plataformas Operativas para Tnternetworking, Mdulo VII, Abril 2005
4.2.1.1 Backbone IP/ATM3
ATM (ASYNCHRONOUSTRANFER MODE, MODO DE TRANSFERENCIA

ASINCRNICO) se caracteriza por las siguientes particularidades:
Rene ios conceptos de conmutacin de circuitos y de paquetes. Permite

absorber todas las redes existentes con tendencia a una red global y nica.
El Modo de transferencia involucra aspectos relacionados con la
transmisin, multiplexacin y conmutacin. La palabra Asincrnico se
refiere a la discontinuidad entre celdas del mismo usuario.
Elimina las jerarquas de multiplexacin y dispone de dos jerarquas de red:
trayecto virtual VP y canal virtual VC. Se trata de celdas de longitud fija de
53 Bytes.
Permite una flexibilidad completa para servicios an desconocidos en la
actualidad y el transporte de todas las velocidades hasta 150 Mb/s. Los
posibles servicios conocidos para la B-ISDN son: imgenes en movimiento
(videoconferencia, videotelfono); sonido radiofnico; datos de alta
velocidad (transferencia de ficheros, documentos, telefax); servicio de
correo de imagen o documentos; servicios de consulta (videotex); servicios
de distribucin (vdeo, texto).
Los canales en ATM son multiplexados en forma determinista (acceso
sincrnico) o estadstica (seales asincrnicas).
ATM es una red orientada a conexin, con transferencia de celdas. El
tamao fijo permite una conmutacin basada en el hardware. De esta
forma, los actuales centros de conmutacin que trabajan con 8 bits en
paralelo pasan a ser de 1 celda.
jrp/ATM: http://\vww.lelefonIca.es/.../pdypu^^
http ://wwxv. uv.es/~tnontanan/arnp liac on/amp lif_l .ppt
http:/Avw\v.cttc.es/profiles/cpiart/publcations_cpinai:t.htm
Calidad de servicio. Permite ai operador de red establecer distintos
controles de trfico, ya sean controles de admisin o mecanismos capaces
de manejar prioridades, que permiten garantizar a ios flujos una
determinada calidad de servicio en trminos de prdidas de informacin,
retardo y variacin de retardo (jitter). Esta es una de las capacidades
imprescindibles para la integracin de varios servicios dentro de una red,
puesto que permite garantizar una calidad definida que se ajuste a los
requisitos de cada uno de ellos.
La principal ventaja de ATM es su capacidad para manejar trfico en tiempo real,

tal como voz y video, sin introducir saltos y retrasos, a la vez que permite la
inclusin de una serie de fiujos de datos que no tienen consideraciones estrictas
de temporizacin.
Sin embargo, la especificacin de ATM es, en gran medida, anterior al crecimiento

de trfico IP, por lo que presenta una serie de inconvenientes importantes a la
hora de acomodar trfico de esta naturaleza:
Existe un overhead de ancho de banda procedente del hecho de que los

paquetes IP deben ser fraccionados para acomodarlos al formato de las
celdas ATM, que adems incluyen una nueva cabecera, la cual se traduce
en una mayor proporcin de informacin intil para el usuario final. Este
efecto se denomina cell - tax y da lugar a un uso poco eficiente del ancho
de banda.
Tambin existe un overhead a nivel de proceso. En la solucin de IP/ATM,
se dispone de una serie de routers IP que se enlazan entre s por medio de
enlaces ATM. En esta situacin, en cada router se debe esperar a que
lleguen todas las celdas correspondientes a un mismo paquete para
reconstruirlo y que, a partir de l, se puedan tomar las correspondientes
decisiones de encaminamiento. Esto constituye un nuevo overhead y
adems introduce una serie de retardos que hay que controlar, sobre todo
para cierto tipo de aplicaciones, como las basadas en el intercambio de
informacin en tiempo real.
En tercer lugar, la solucin IP/ATM presenta serios problemas de
escalabilidad. En un escenario en el que los routers tP se unen por medio
de enlaces ATM punto a punto, el nmero de enlaces crece
cuadrticamente con el nmero de routers, lo cual supone un problema
cuando las redes adquieren una cierta dimensin.
Aunque ATM permita llevar a cabo una gestin de la red eficiente, esto se
hace a costa de introducir un nivel de complejidad muy elevado. Si el
trfico que soporta es IP podran producirse redundancias por el hecho de
que alguna funcionalidad apareciere duplicada en la capa IP, como
controles de flujo o de congestin, por ejemplo.
La razn de peso para justificar el empleo de la solucin IP/ATM es la necesidad

de proveer una determinada calidad de servicio a cierto tipo de aplicaciones, en
concreto a las de tiempo real.
IP/ATM se refiere a la RFC-1483. En la misma se indica el encapsulado de IP

dentro de AAL5 de ATM. Para ello se recurre a utilizar el soporte de LLC y SNAP.
IP Aplicaciones y Servicios
ATM Control de trfico, QoS
NIVEL Medio de transmisin

FSICO (fibra, cobre....)
Figura 4.1: IP/ATM

Esquema del backbone:
PETROECUADOR, Matriz
EL ROCO
EQUIPO DE RADIO
PICHINCHA
EQUIPO DE RADIO
PICHINCHA
EQUIPO DE RADIO
LAGO AGRIO
Figura 4.2: Backbone (IP/ATM)
4.2.1.2 Backbone IP/SDH4
Generalidades de SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy, Jerarqua Digital

Sincrnica)
SDH permite:
Velocidad bsica 155Mb/s (STM-1)
Tcnica de multiplexado a travs de punteros
Estructura modular: A partir de la velocidad bsica se obtienen velocidades
superiores multipiexando byte por byte varias seales STM1.
4BACKBONEIP/SDH: REF[113,119,125]; Pinto Taa, Tesis, EPN

http:/Avww.monografas.com/trabôslO/sonet/sonet.shtml
http:/A^vw.cec.uchile.cV~jsandova/el64e/clases/sdh.pdf
httpÂv\v\v. mdIxmail.com/cuKO/infbrmatica/sdh/cap itulo7.htm
http://M^r\v.telefonca.es/.../pdf''pubIicacones/telecomiinicacionesng/
captulos/O 6_la_red_de_Jransito.pdf
Las velocidades multiplexadas, a diferencia de PDH, son mltiplos enteros
de la velocidad bsica.
A travs del puntero, se puede acceder a cualquier canal de 2Mb/s.
Posee gran cantidad de canales de overhead que son utilizados para
supervisin, gestin, y control de la red.
Beneficios de SDH
Capacidades avanzadas de operacin y mantenimiento,

Mecanismos de proteccin integrados que permiten un alto grado de
'
V
fiabilidad del servicio.
Mecanismos de transporte estandarizado y bien conocido, soportado por
los principales fabricantes de equipos.
Alto rendimiento en la utilizacin de los medios de comunicacin.
La topologa ms utilizada para redes SDH es la de anillo porque si un enlace se

perdiera hay un camino de trfico alternativo por el otro lado del anillo, adems se
pueden minimizar el nmero de enlaces en la red. Sin embargo SDH permite
topologas en malla o estrella.
Los elementos de una red SDH pueden ser terminales de lnea, muitiplexores
^.
~ ADM y cross - conectores digitales.
Terminales de Lnea es el tipo de elemento de red SDH ms simple ste

implementar nicamente la terminacin de lnea y la funcin de multiplexin de
modo que su utilizacin es tpica en configuraciones punto a punto.
Muitiplexores Add/Drop (ADM) estos equipos ofrecen la funcin de cross-

conexiones junto con la de terminal de lnea y multiplexacin. Son particularmente
tiles para crear redes en anillo.
Cross-conectores Digitales (DXC) tambin incorporan funciones de

'8 multiplexacin, terminales de inea y cross-conexin, pero la caracterstica
distintiva de un DXC es su capacidad de proporcionar supervisin de las
conexiones, la flexibilidad de los DXC significa que pueden implementarse en
cualquier configuracin por tanto son los ms complejos y costosos
equipamientos SDH.
La tcnica de encapsular directamente IP/SDH se utiliza actualmente en las redes

troncales, como medio para optimizar las comunicaciones entre los routers. La
necesidad de transmitir datagramas IP sobre medios de transmisin de muy altas
velocidades, a hecho deseable la eliminacin de los protocolos intermedios que
penalizan el rendimiento y aumenta la latencia de las comunicaciones.
Actualmente la demanda de servicios en tiempo real, especialmente en el campo

de la voz y el video hace an ms favorable la utilizacin de los canales de
comunicacin a su mxima capacidad, una forma de alcanzar este objetivo sera
utilizar SDH directamente para e! transporte de IP.
Ei anillo SDH suministra conexiones punto a punto sobre los routers. Los
paquetes IP tienen que mapearse sobre enlaces punto a punto, por esto la
solucin ms factible se basa en utilizar el Protocolo Punto Punto, PPP (Point to
Point Protocol). La operacin de IP sobre SONET/SDH est normalizada por el
IETF en la RFC 2615. Los datagramas IP se encapsulan de acuerdo con el
protocolo PPP, descrito en el RFC 1661, en tramas HDLC, segn la RFC 1662.
(Anexo D)
Figura 4.3: Stack de protocolos de IP sobre SDH

CABECERA PPP DATAGRAMA IP CRC 16/32
CRC 16 (2)
DATOS
CRC 32 (4)
VARIABLE
SECUENCIA VERF. TRAMA

16bis(HDLC)
32 bits (OPCIONAL)
Figura 4.4: IP sobre SDH - Formato de tramas
Los estndares SDH definen una gran cantidad de funcionalidades de gestin,

que pueden ser aprovechadas tambin por los routers en sus nterfaces a las
redes sincrnicas y en ios casos en que sea posible utilizar todas esas
capacidades para mejorar la calidad de servicio.
Tradicionalmente, la nica manera de proveer un determinado nivel de calidad

pasaba por el sobredimensionado de la red en trminos de ancho de banda y de
prestaciones de equipos para evitar cualquier posible situacin de congestin.
Ahora se requieren nuevos mecanismos que permitan ofrecen servicios con
varios niveles de calidad.
Con el propsito de habilitar las redes de nueva generacin para soportar

servicios de tiempo real, se han desarrollado soluciones como MPLS y Diffserv
que permiten la implementacin de mecanismos de provisin de calidad de
servicio en el seno de las redes basadas en el protocolo IP. La aportacin
principal de MPLS pasa por las mejoras que permite alcanzar en la gestin de las
rutas que siguen los flujos de trfico, mientras que la mayor aportacin de DiffServ
viene dada por los mecanismos que introduce para manejar la prioridad de los
flujos de trfico.
Esquema del backbone:
LA TRIBUNA
EL ROClO
EQUIPOS RADIO
LAGO AGRIO
Figura 4.5: Backbone ptico (IP/SDH)
LA TRIBUNA
Figura 4.6: Backbone inalmbrico (IP/SDH)

Se puede observar que para el backbone inalmbrico se requiere mayores
elementos para implementarlo, el tendido de fibra ptica es ms barato que tener
un radioenlace ya que para ste ltimo se necesitara en cada edificio a ms de
los ADMs dos equipos de radio y doble frecuencia para la proteccin. Hay que
tomar en cuenta que un backbone con radioenlaces es ms rgido y menos
flexible por lo que para la solucin IP/SDH se considera al backbone ptico como
la opcin ms adecuada.
4.2.1.3 Seleccin del backbone de red
ATM podra ser una alternativa para la propuesta de red ya que esta
tecnologa maneja velocidades de 2, 34, 155 y 622 Mbps, y para los
requerimientos del ancho de banda de la nueva red se podra utilizar los
34Mbps, sin embargo hay que considerar un futuro incremento de
aplicaciones, la escalabilidad y el compromiso de crear algo nuevo y sacar
provecho de lo anterior.
En las redes IP la capa ATM est desapareciendo debido a que ahora los
enrutadores IP presentan mejoras en cuanto a la velocidad de
procesamiento y de transmisin de paquetes.
La solucin IP/ATM presenta serios problemas de escalabiiidad, ya que el
nmero de enlaces crece cuadrticamente con el nmero de routers IP, lo
cual supone un problema cuando las redes adquieren una cierta
dimensin.
Para el trfico de datos IP es posible que ATM no brinde el servicio de
transporte de menor costo y mayor eficiencia.
SDH tiene una velocidad bsica de 155Mbps, ia cual podra parecer
demasiado para los requerimientos de ancho de banda de la propuesta de
red, sin embargo hay que tener muy en cuenta ia escalabilidad de la red,
aplicaciones futuras, posibilidad de utilizar ms ancho de banda para evitar
la congestin de la red, adems resultara beneficioso para
PETROECUADOR alquilar el excedente de ancho de banda a empresas
privadas en forma comercia!.
IP/SDH presenta mayor eficiencia en la utilizacin de ancho de banda
debido a que no existe el efecto cell - tax.
Con IP/SDH no slo se consigue obtener una mejora en las aplicaciones
de datos "tradicionales", sino que adems se pueden empezar a utilizar
nuevas aplicaciones multimeda con requerimientos ms exigentes en
cuanto a ancho de banda, latencia mxima etc.
Para la propuesta de diseo, se escogi el backbone IP/ SDH, por las razones
anteriormente mencionadas.
4.2.1.4 Componentes del backbone IP/SDH
4.2.1,4.1 Anillo SDH
La fibra ptica es el medio fsico ms habitual en las redes SDH. La ventaja de las
fibras pticas es que no son susceptibles a las interferencias y que pueden
transportar las seales a velocidades muy elevadas. Las fibras monomodo son la
opcin preferida para la segunda y tercera ventana ptica (1310 y 1550 nm).
El tendido de fibra ptica se puede realizar de dos maneras: terrestre y areo.

Para la instalacin terrestre se deben utilizar canales subterrneos y para la
instalacin area se utilizarn los postes de energa elctrica de la Empresa
Elctrica Quito.
La mejor alternativa es la utilizacin de los postes de energa elctrica para la

instalacin de la fibra porque es ms econmica que la instalacin terrestre, ya
que para esta ltima se tendran costos por permisos para rotura de pavimento,
obras civiles. Los requerimientos y permisos para el uso de los bienes del dominio
pblico se presentan en el Anexo E.
Rutas
La topologa fsica es un anillo que interconectar los edificios del SISTEMA

PETROECUADOR como se muestra en la figura 4.7
VILLAFUERTE
EL ROCO
LA TRIBUNA ,'
PETROECUADOR,
Matriz
Figura 4.7: Topologa fsica anillo
Los edificios se nterconectarn a travs de dos rutas, una de ellas ser la

principal y la otra servir de respaldo cuando se produzcan daos o fallos en la
conexin de la ruta principal, proporcionando de esta manera mayor segundad y
proteccin.
En cada uno de los edificios se encuentran cuartos de telecomunicaciones, en

donde se localizan los equipos, centrales telefnicas, radios, racks, herramientas,
bateras, etc. Es importante ubicar los pisos en donde se encuentran estos
cuartos, por cuanto se debe dimensionar la cantidad de cable de fibra para llegar
en forma holgada previniendo una posible falta de recursos. En la siguiente tabla
presentaremos los pisos y distancias aproximadas de los mismos.
EDIFICIO PISO DISTANCIA DEL POSTE AL CUARTO
DE TELECOMUNICACIONES [mts]
Villafuerte 10 30
La Tribuna 12 45
El Roco 7 25
Petroecuador, Matriz 1 10
Tabla 4.1: Distancias cuartos de telecomunicaciones
Las rutas por donde ira la fibra ptica por tendido areo se presentan en las
figuras 4.8 y 4.9.
En las Tablas 4.2 y 4.3 se muestra el trayecto y distancia real de las rutas del
anillo de fibra en el Distrito Quito.
RUTA TRAYECTO DISTANCIA (mts)

Villafuerte - El Roco Av. 6 de Diciembre 1347.0
El Roco - Calle Alpallana 12.6
flt Petroecuador, Matriz Calle AIpallana-Av, 1175.4

- La Tribuna Diego de Almagro - Av.
de los Shyris
La Tribuna - Av. de los Shyris - Calle 450.6

Viliafuerte Portugal- Av. 6 de
Diciembre
Distancia total 2985.6
Tabla 4.2: Ruta Principal

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Figura 4.9: Ruta de Respaldo
ti?
Figura 4.8: Ruta Principal

RUTA TRAYECTO DISTANCIA
(mts)
Villafuerte - E! Roco Av. 6 de Diciembre - Calle P. Rivet - 2095.15

Av. Corua - Calle Barreto - Av. G.
Surez - Calle Ayarza - Calle El
Batn - Av. 6 de Diciembre
El Roco - Calle Alpallana 12.6

Petroecuador, Matriz Calle Alpallana - Calle Tobar - Av. 1859.45

- La Tribuna Eloy Alfaro - Calle Suiza - Av. R
Salvador- Calle Portugal - Calle
Luxemburgo - Calle Holanda - Av.
de los Shyris
La Tribuna - Av. de los Shyris - Calle Portugal - 759.49

Villafuerte Av. R. Salvador -Calle Irlanda -Av.
6 de Diciembre
Distancia total 4726.69

_ .
Tabla 4.3: Ruta de Respaldo
Seleccin de componentes pticos
Los componentes pticos a seleccionarse para un sistema de comunicaciones por

fibra ptica son: cable de fibra ptica, y el equipo terminal.
Eleccin del tipo de fibra ptica para la red
Se debe tomar en cuenta si se va a instalar un sistema de fibra monomodo o

multimodo, para lo cual se presentan algunas caractersticas de cada sistema:
Fibra ptica monomodo:
Las fibras monomodo poseen la capacidad de transmitir el mayor ancho

de banda posible y son ideales para eniaces de transmisin a larga
distancia (superior a 2 Km). La dispersin cromtica de este tipo de fibra
es un parmetro que permite determinar el ancho de banda del enlace a
considerar entre el terminal de lnea y el regenerador o entre terminales
de lnea.
Tiene menor atenuacin que las fibras multimodo, y se dispone para
longitudes de onda ptica de 1310 y 1550 [nm].
Fibra ptica muitimodo:
Las fibras muitimodo se adaptan mejor a distancias por debajo de los 2

[Km], y son indicadas para longitudes de onda de 850 y 1310 [nm].
El ancho de banda en estos sistemas es ms dependiente de la longitud
de onda del enlace.
Portante se considera como el idneo para la realizacin del proyecto; al cable de

fibra ptica monomodo.
Equipo terminal
El equipo terminal para la propuesta de red constara de un sistema de

multiplexores ADM.
Un multiplexor ADM permite efectuar las siguientes funciones;

Multiplexacin (insercin y extraccin de canales);
Transporte (termina! de lnea o radoenlace);
Proteccin (conmutacin 1+1),
Flexibilidad (conmutacin entre direcciones de un anillo).
Equipos para el anillo SDH
Fibra ptica
Requerimientos generales:
Fibra ptica monomodo autosoportada.
. Mnimo 4 hilos de fibra (2 para transmisin y recepcin, 2 para reserva)
Proteccin contra factores externos.
Se presentan a continuacin dos alternativas:
* Alcatel
Es un importante fabricante a nivel mundial de equipos de telecomunicaciones
reconocidos por su confiabilidad y eficiencia.La alternativa que este fabricante
presenta en io que se refiere a cable ptico autosoportado es ALCATEL 6801
Lose Tube Cable, con las siguientes caractersticas:
ALCATEL 6801 Lose Tube Cable5
Tipo de fibra Monomodo autosoportada
Nmero de fibras 12
Dimetro externo 11.7mm
Peso del cable 98 Kg/Km
Mnimo radio de curvatura 230 mm (Load) , 115 mm (No

Load)
Materiales avanzados para el bloqueo de agua.
Fibras en tubos individuales.
Chaqueta de polietileno de la alta calidad
Conveniente para usos areos, enterrados o de conductos.
Especificaciones tcnicas de la industria: aplicables los
estndares y las referencias incluyendo Telcordia Gr-20, de
RUS, de lcea-640, de TIA/EIA, del IEC y de! EN.
Facilidad de instalacin, identificacin y encaminamiento.
Confiabilidad y durabilidad crecientes dando por resultado un
coste ms bajo de mantenimiento y reemplazo
Tabla 4.4: Caractersticas generales ALCATEL 6801 Lose Tube Cable
5ALCATEL 6801 LOSE TUBE CABLE:

http://mvw.alcatel.com/products/products^
abletcm228112821635.jhtml
-A- Furukawa
Es uno de los fabricantes ms grandes de Japn. Provee soluciones con
productos y servicios para transporte y distribucin de informacin,
comunicacin y energa. Furukawa presenta cable ptico autosoportado,
CFOA-SM-FIG.8-G y las caractersticas se observan en la Tabla 4.5.
Cable ptico Areo Autosoportado CFOA-SM-FIG.8-G'
Caractersticas Constructivas
Tipo de fibra: Monomodo

Revestimiento primario: Acrilato
Nmero de Fibras: 6
Ncleo del Cable: Relleno con Gel
Amarre del Ncleo: Hilos de Material No Higroscpico
Elementos de Refuerzo: Fibras Dielctricas
Elemento de Sustentacin: Mensajero de Acero de Dimetro
6,35 mm
Cubierta Externa: Polietileno o Copolmero de color negro
Caractersticas Dimensionales
Dimetro externo: 11,2 mm

Altura Nominal: 23,2 mm
Masa lquida nominal: 325Kg/Km
Longitud nominal por bobina: 4000m
Caractersticas Mecnicas
Carga Mxima de Traccin en Mensajero: 5400 N

Carga Mxima de Instalacin: 1400 N
Resistencia a la Compresin: 2200 N
Mnimo radio de curvatura (Instalacin) [mm]: 20 x Dimetro
Externo del Cable
Mnimo radio de curvatura para uso a largo plazo [mm]: 10 x
Dimetro Externo del Cable
Estndares Aplicables
IEEE especificacin: 802.3Z
Tabla 4.5: Caractersticas generales Cable ptico Areo Autosoportado CFOA-

SM-FIG.8-G
' Cable ptico Areo Autosoportado CFOA-SM-FIG.8-G : http://w\v\v.furuka\va.com.br/pd'CabosOpticos.pdf

En el Anexo G se puede observar las hojas de especificaciones de las alternativas
de cable de fibra ptica.
En la Tabla 4.6 se presenta una comparacin de las alternativas antes

mencionadas.
REQUERIMIENTOS ALCATEL FURUKAWA

Fibra ptica monomodo Si Si
autosoportada.
Mnimo de 4 fibras Si Si
Proteccin contra factores Si Si
externos.
Proveedor directo en el pas Si No
Precio ( Septiembre 2005) $3.00 /metro | $1.95/metro
Tabla 4.6: Requerimientos para cable de fibra ptica
Se ha considerado a ALCATEL como proveedor de cable ptico autosoportado,

debido a que esta empresa tiene un distribuidor directo en el pas y su producto
tiene los requerimientos necesarios para el proyecto.
Multiplexor ADM
2 interfaces de red STM-1 para conectarse al anillo SDH.
Interfaz de usuario STM-1 para conectarse a los equipos de radio.
2 puertos Ethernet 10/100 Mbps para conectarse a los routers IP.
Soporte de trfico Ethernet, PDH, SDH
Soporte de fibra ptica monomodo
Conexin Bidireccional para anillo
Proteccin 1+1

Alcatel
ALCATEL 1642 Edge Multiplexer7'
Soporte de trfico Ethernet, PDH, SDH.

Trabaja sobre fibra monomodo.
Interfaces
Interfaces de red:
Funcin Compact a ADM con 2 x STM-1 o 2 x STM-4 (S/L).,
Interfaces de usuario:
8/28/32 x 2 Mb/s (2 mm interfaz HM /RJ-45/120 Ohm)
8x2 Mb/s (interfaz coaxial)
1 x 34/45 Mb/s
1 x STM-1
8 x Ethernet 10/100Base-TX
Conexiones
Unidireccional
Bidireccional
Broadcast
Proteccin de red
SNCP
MSP 1+1,
Proteccin del equipo
Energa de redundancia DC-48V
Energa de alimentacin
Sistema de bateras; -48 V DC, 220 VAC.
Consumo de energa: 40 W (tpico)
Estndares
En conformidad con todos los estndares ms relevantes de ITU

-T (ITU incluyendo G.7041, ITU G.7042, e ITU G.707), de ETSI,
y de IEEE.
Tabla 4.7: Caractersticas generales ALCATEL 1642 Edge Multiplexer
7ALCATEL 1642 EDGE MULTIPLEXER:

http://www.a]catelxom/products/pro^
plexertcm228121191635.jhtml
Siemens
Fabricante importante de equipos de telecomunicaciones.
Siemens presenta el equipo multiplexor TransXpress SMA1K, cuyas
caractersticas principales se presentan en la Tabla 4.8.
TransXpress SMA1K0
Caractersticas
Funcionalidad de terminal y multiplexor Add/Drop con conectividad

cruzada completamente no bloqueada.
Interfaces de lnea pticos y elctricos STM-1o/e disponibles.
Puede operar en fibra monomodo.
Interfaces de hasta 63x 2 Mbit/s.
Interfaz opcional de 34/45 Mbit/s.
Interfaces 2x 10/100 BaseT Ethernet / Fast Ethernet.
Caractersticas extensas de proteccin para todos los mdulos de
direccin de trfico.
1+1 MSPySNC/P.
Supervisin de funcionamiento.
Integracin completa en la solucin de Siemens TMN.
Hasta 12 dispositivos en un solo subrack ETSI/19".
Beneficios
Costo de instalacin eficiente, espacio-eficiente, bajo consumo de

energa y alta contabilidad
Despliegue y configuracin flexibles como add /drop y multiplexor
terminal.
Integrado en el sistema de gerencia centralizado, de gran alcance
y de uso fcil de Siemens TNMS.
Tabla 4.8: Caractersticas generales TransXpress SMA1K
Las hojas de especificaciones de los equipos se presentan en el Anexo G.
TRANSXPRESS SMAlK:http:/A^v>v.semens.com.ar/sie-ric/transpress_smalk-cp.htm
La Tabla 4.9 presenta una comparacin entre las alternativas Alcate y Siemens.
REQUERIMIENTOS : ALCATEL SIEMENS

2 interfaces de red STM-1 Si Si
Interfaz de usuario STM-1 .. .Si . Si
2 puertos Ethernet 10/100 ; Si Si
Mbps.
Soporte de trfico Ethernet, Si NoPDH
PDH, SDH
Soporte de fibra ptica , Si Si
monomodo
Conexin Bidireccional para Si Si
anillo
Proteccin 1+1 Si Si
Proveedor en el pas Si Si, sin
embargo el
equipo no se
encuentra en
el pas
Precio (Septiembre 2005) $ 12.000,00 $13.800,00
Tabla 4.9: Requerimientos para multiplexor ADM
De acuerdo con los requerimientos del proyecto se ha elegido el equipo ALCATEL

1642 EDGE MULTIPLEXER.
4.2,1.4,2 RoutersIP
2 puertos seriales para conectarse a los routers de la capa distribucin.
2 puertos Ethernet 10/100 Mbps para conectarse a los ADM del backbone.
1 puerto de consola
1 puerto auxiliar
Soporte de VolP.
Soporte de protocolos: PPP, IP, TCP, IPCP, UDP, OSPF, RIP v2, IGRP,
EIGRP, MPLS, IPvG.
ppp Para encapsular datagramas IP en tramas HDLC
para ser transportados a travs de SDH
IP.TCP, UDP, Principal conjunto de protocolos que se utilizan en
IPCP Internet, trabajan juntos para transmitir o recibir
datos e informacin.
OSPF, RIPv2, Protocolos de enrutamiento que admiten el
IGRP, EIGRP protocolo enrutado IP.
MPLS Para brindar calidad de servicio a redes IP, a travs
de la gestin de rutas que siguen los flujos de
trfico.
IPv6 Esta versin de IP proporciona un nmero de
direcciones suficientes para futuras necesidades de
comunicacin. Con el tiempo el IPvG podr
reemplazar el Pv4 como protocolo de Internet
dominante.
Tabla 4.10: Soporte de protocolos para routers IP
Protocolos de segundad: CHAP, SNMP.
CHAP Funcin de seguridad que se utiliza en lneas que

usan encapsulamiento PPP para evitar el acceso no
autorizado.
SNMP Utilizado casi con exclusividad en redes IP, para
brindar administracin de redes.
Tabla 4.11: Protocolos de seguridad
A continuacin se presentan dos alternativas con equipos de distintos fabricantes:
* Cisco
Es uno de los fabricantes de equipos ms importantes en el mundo, ofrece
productos confiables para soluciones de redes LAN/WAN.
La Tabla 4.12 muestra las caractersticas principales del Router Cisco 7204
VXR.
Router Cisco 7204VXR9
Caractersticas
Provee flexibilidad en configuraciones para LAN y WAN, con una

alta densidad de puertos.
Mltiples opciones de seguridad y mdulos de servicio, siempre
con un alto rendimiento.
Ofrece QoS, servicios de MPLS.
Integracin de voz, video y datos.
Soporte de VPN con IPSec y agregacin de ancho de banda con
el soporte de hasta 8,000 sesiones de PPP.
Soporta terminacin PPP y servicios IP de altas caractersticas.
Conectividad ATM y Paquetes sobre SONET/SDH.
Multicanal T3/E3 y T1/E1 de alta densidad con unidad de servicio
de canal/unidad de servicio de datos (CSU/DSU) integrada.
Conectividad digital con el codificador-decodificador de voz y
vdeo (CODEC) de centralitas telefnicas (PBX) T1/E1.
Estndares de compresin de voz; G.711, G.723, G.723.1, G.726,
G.728, G.729a.
Alimentacin: CA 100/240 V ( 50/60 Hz ).
Potencia suministrada: 370 vatios.
Especificaciones
Puertos
4 Ranuras configurables.
32 Puertos Ethernet (10BASE-T)
20 Puertos Ethernet (1OBASE-FL)
4 Puertos Fast Ethernet (TX)
4 Puertos Fast Ethernet (FX)
4 Puertos 10OVG-AnyLAN
4,4 Puertos ATM (T3, OC-3)
Paquetes sobre SONET/SDH
16 puertos Token Ring
32 Puertos seriales sincrnicos.
16, 32 Puertos ISDN BRI
32 Puertos ISDN PRI multicanal T1/E1
Hasta 4 puertos multicanal T3
Hasta 8 puertos paquete sobre T3/E3
Protocolos
Protocolos de capa 2 y capa 3: ARP, IPCP, direccionamento IP,

PPP, TCP, Telnet, TFTP, UDP, VLAN, MPLS, e IPv6
Protocolos de enrutamiento capa 3: EIGRP, IGRP, OSPF, BGP, y
RIPv2.
Segundad y administracin de red: AAA, CHAP, FTP, RADIUS,
SNMP, PAP, y TACAOS
BOOTP, ICMP.
IP o IP sobre ATM - Utilizado para enviar paquetes de
datagramas IP sobre nodos en Internet.
SLIP, DHCP.
Interfaces
Ethernet 10BASE-T y 10BASE-FL , Fast Ethernet 100BASE-T,

Gigabit Ethernet
Token Ring (half y full dplex)
Serial sincrnico ISDN BRI, PRI, HSSl, T3, E3
Multicanam, ISDN PRI; E1, ISDN PRI; T3, E3; STM-1
Paquetes sobre SONET/SDH (POS)
Transporte de paquetes dinmico (DPT)
ATM (mqnomodo y multimodo)
Estndares aplicables
UL 1950, OSA 22.2 No. 950, EN60950, EN41003, IEC 950, FCC
Clase A, CSA Clase A, EN55022 Clase B, IEC-1000-4-2, IEC-1000-
4-3, IEC-1000-4-4, IEC-1000-4-5, IEC-1000-4-6, IEC-1000-4-11, IEC-
1000-3-2.
Tabla 4.12: Caractersticas generales Router Cisco 7204VXR
9ROUTER CISCO 7204 VXR: http:/AwAV.cisco.com/en/US/products/hw/routers/ps341/prod_Avhite_papersJist.html

* Vanguard
Lder en ia integracin de redes multiservicios: soluciones corporativas de
networkng, integrando telefona de voz junto con vdeo y datos.
La alternativa de VANGUARD es el Router 6455, cuyas caractersticas se
indican en la Tabla 4.13.
Router Vanguard 6455 10
Caractersticas Generales
Manejo de voz sobre IP (VolP), voz sobre Frame Relay (VoFR) con
capacidad de conversin entra ambas tecnologas.
Soporta circuitos para voz analgica y digital al mismo tiempo.
Manejo de compresin de voz a 5.3 kbps, 6.3 kbps, 8 kbps y/o 16
kbps.
Manejo de fragmentacin de paquetes de datos solo cuando la voz
est presente para mayor rendimiento en la WAN.
Capacidad para compresin y encrpcin de datos en hardware y de
forma simultanea.
Soporta protocolos: Frame Relay, PPP, X.25, TCP/IP, RIP, OSPF,
SNMP, MPLS.
Soporta manejo de voz y video.
Capacidad Inicial de puertos
Mnimo dos puertos seriales sincrnicos - asincrnicos que manejen

velocidades de 2.048Mbps.
Dos puertos E1 para manejo de 30 canales de voz cada uno,
interfaces E1 seleccionable entre balanceado y no balanceado.
Mnimo un puerto E1 para manejo de datos canalizados, interfaces
E1 seleccionable entre balanceado y no balanceado.
Puerto ethernet 10baseT o superior.
Puerto para consola de configuracin.
Capacidad de expansin
Capacidad de crecimiento en puertos de datos y especialmente para

puertos de voz tipo troncal o extensin.
Tabla 4.13: Caractersticas generales Router Vanguard 6455
. En el Anexo G se presentan las hojas de especificaciones de los routers Cisco

7204 VXR y Vanguard 6455.
ROUTER VANGUARD 6455: http:/Avw\v.vanguardms.com/products/vanguard_6400_series/

En la Tabla 4.14 se presenta una comparacin de las alternativas Cisco y
Vanguard.
! REQUERIMIENTOS CISCO VANGUARD

2 puertos seriales ; Si . . . .S
2 puertos Ethernet 10/100 Mbps Si Si
1 puerto de consola Si Si
1 puerto auxiliar Si Si
Soporte VolP S . .. Si
Soporte de protocolos PPP, IP, Si No, IPCP, UDP,
TCP, PCP, UDP, OSPF, RIPv2, IGRP, EIGRP,
IGRP, EIGRP, MPLS, IPv6. IPv6
Protocolos de segundad: CHAP, Si No CHAP
SNMP.
Proveedor directo en el pas Si .. Si
Precio (Octubre 2005) $ 6.000 $ 20.500
Tabla 4.14: Requerimientos para Routers IP
En consecuencia se determina que el equipo que presenta las opciones que

mejor se adaptan a ias necesidades de la red es el equipo del fabricante Cisco
(Router 7204VXR), ya que ofrece una ampla gama de nterfaces, soporta
protocolos indispensables para la propuesta de red y el precio es conveniente,
adicionalmente Cisco tiene presencia en Ecuador por tanto sus equipos estaran
disponibles en caso de reposiciones o nuevas adquisiciones.
4.2.1.4.3 Enlaces Inalmbricos
En el backbone se utilizarn los enlaces inalmbricos existentes, Villafuerte

Pichincha - Lago Agrio y El Roco - Pichincha, ya que a travs de ellos llegara
la informacin de las estaciones del SISTEMA PETROECUADOR ubicadas en
todo el Pas.
Sin embargo la capacidad de los equipos de radio que operan actualmente en

estos enlaces est ocupada en su totalidad por tanto sern sustituidos por
equipos de mayor capacidad.
Equipo de radio para enlaces inalmbricos
1 puerto STM-1 para conectarse a los ADMs (Ed. Villafuerte y Ed. El
Roco).
Frecuencia de operacin en la banda de los 7GHz para conservar las
frecuencias existentes.
Capacidad mayor a 4E1s.
Es poltica del SISTEMA PETROECUADOR trabajar con equipos de radio de la

marca Harris. PETROECUADOR tiene adquiridos tres equipos Truepoint 5200
cuyas caractersticas cumplen con los requerimientos anteriormente
mencionados. Por lo que para la propuesta de red se podrn utilizar dichos
equipos y se debern adquirir el nmero de equipos que falten.
En la Tabla 4.15 se indican las principales caractersticas del equipo de radio.
RADIO MICROONDA DIGITAL HARRIS, TRUEPOINT 5200 11
Caractersticas
La Unidad de Tratamiento de Sena! (SPU) es independiente de

la Frecuencia Radioelctrica (RF).
La Unidad de Radiofrecuencia (RFU) es independiente de la
capacidad.
Mdem completamente programable, de 4 QAM a 256 QAM.
Supervisin de la calidad del servicio con parmetros de
acuerdo con las recomendaciones G.826/828 de la ITU-T.
Autodagnsticos incorporados para diferenciar las alarmas de
trayecto de las alarmas en los equipos.
Conmutacin de recepcin sin errores.
Interfaz de datos opcional de 64 kbit/s
Agente incorporado para soportar el SNMP.
Compatible con el Sistema Remoto Farinon para Control y
Alarma de la Red.
Interfaz Web-CIT para el mantenimiento del radio.
Tributario (local y remoto), bucle de retorno (loopback) de
Frecuencia Intermedia (IF) y de Radiofrecuencia (RF).
Funcionamiento del Control Automtico de la Potencia del
Transmisor (ATPC) y del Control Dinmico de la Potencia de
Transmisin (DTPC).
Especificaciones
Modulacin
4, 16, 32, 64, 128y256QAM
Interfaces
2a16E1
E3+1E1 o 2x1 OOBASE-T + 1 E1 sobre 34 Mbit/s + 1 E1,
21 E1.STM-1.
STM-1+E1.
Interfaces mezclados como 2x1 OOBASE-T con E1 (hasta16 E1),
con una mxima carga de enlace areo de 4 E3 + 2 E1.
2x1 OOBASE-T sobre capacidad STM-1+1 E1.
2 o 4 E 3 + 2E1
Estructura de carga 2x1 OOBASE-T (100 Mbit/s). En aplicaciones
usando 10OBASE-T LAN, permite capacidad de enrutamiento
para puertos base VLAN.
Frecuencias de operacin
6-11GHZ
Intervalo de temperatura operacional
Interior, C Exterior, C
Funcionamiento -5 a +50 -33 a +55

garantizado
Operacional -10 a +55 -40 a +55
Humedad 95% mx
Tabla 4.15: Caractersticas Generales Radio Microonda Digital Harris, Truepoint

5200
La hoja de especificaciones del Radio Microonda Digital Harris, Truepoint 5200 se

muestra en ei Anexo G.
"RADIO MICROONDA DIGITAL, TRUEPOINT 5200:http:/Av\v\v.microwave.hams.com/products/dr/truepoint/tr5000/

4.2.2 DISEO DE LA CAPA DISTRIBUCIN
La capa distribucin es e punto de demarcacin entre las capas de acceso y

ncleo, para esto se utilizarn ios recursos existentes en las redes de las filiales
de PETROECUADOR, ya que de acuerdo con el anlisis realizado en captulos
anteriores los dispositivos que permitiran a las filiales enlazarse al backbone para
compartir informacin seran los equipos de enrutamiento y enlaces inalmbricos,
sin embargo a los routers Cisco 1751 ubicados en el edificio La Tribuna y en la
estacin Lago Agrio se les incorporar mdulos FXS, FXO y E&M que permiten
implementarVolP.
En la Tabla 4.16 se indican los equipos correspondientes a la capa distribucin.
FILIAL EQUIPO
Edificio Villafuerte Router Cisco 2620

Edificio La Tribuna Router Cisco 1751
Estacin Lago Agrio Radio TruePoint 5200
Router Cisco 1751
Enlace inalmbrico Radio QUADRALINK
Lago Agrio - Sacha Mux BAYLY
Lago Agrio - UPA Mux BAYLY
PETROPRODUCCIN Lago Agrio - Lago Mux BAYLY
Central
Lago Agrio - Coca Mux BAYLY
Lago Agrio - Mux BAYLY
Shushufundi
Lago Agrio - Sucumbos Mux BAYLY
Lago Agrio -Auca Mux BAYLY
Lago Agrio - Guarumo Mux BAYLY
Edificio El Roco Router Vanguard
6455
Edificio El Roco (PIN) Router Vanguard
6435
Enlace Inalmbrico Radio QUADRALINK
Pichincha - Cerro Azul Mux BAYLY,
Router Vanguard
6455 (PCO)
Router Vanguard
6435 (PIN)
PETROCOMERCIAL/
PETRONDUSTRIAL Pichincha - Condijua Mux BAYLY
Pichincha- Santo Mux BAYLY
Domingo
Pichincha - Ambato Mux BAYLY
Pichincha - Esmeraldas Mux BAYLY
Pichincha - Oyambaro Mux BAYLY
Enlace Inalmbrico Radio QUADRAL1NK
Pichincha - Beatero Mux BAYLY
Pichincha - Aeropuerto Mux BAYLY
Pichincha - Gasolinera Mux BAYLY
PETROECUADOR, Edificio Petroecuador, Router Cisco 2620
MATRIZ Matriz
Tabla 4.16: Equipos de capa distribucin

Cisco 2620
ROCO PIN
(Q
LA TRIBUNA
C
BACKBONE1P/SOH ALCATEL
STM1 1M2 Edo
00
13
O
7T
CT
O
=1
CD
C/5
O
n:
o
Q)
a
Q) ESTACIONES REGIONES
D
COSTA Y SIERRA
en'
cr
c
o
O'
AUCAS
GUARUMO
DISTRITO EQUIPO DE RADIO

QUADRALINK
AMAZNICO
4.2.3 DISEO DE LA CAPA ACCESO
Normalmente esta capa es una LAN o un grupo de ellas que proporciona a los
usuarios acceso de primera lnea a los servicios de red, la capa acceso es el
punto en que la mayora de !os host estn conectados a la red, incluyendo
servidores de todo tipo y estaciones finales de usuario.
Por tanto esta capa estara compuesta por equipos de conmutacin y

enrutamiento que conforman las LAN de PETROECUADOR y sus filiales. Pero a
los routers Cisco 1751 de Petroproduccin (San Rafael, Distrito Amaznico) se les
aadir mdulos FXS, FXO y E&M para aplicaciones de VolP.
En la Tabla 4.17 se presentan los equipos de capa acceso.
FILIAL EQUIPO
Switches Cisco Catalyst

2950.
Central telefnica digital
Edificio Villafuerte Meridian opcin 61 C
VSX 7000S
5 Servidores AS/400
1 Servidor DNS/MAIL
1 Servidor FTP/WEB
2950.
Edificio La Tribuna Central telefnica digital
Meridian opcin 11 C
PETROPRODUCCIN VSX 7000s
1 Servidor DNS/MAIL
San Rafael Meridian opcin 61 C
Router Cisco 1751
Switch Catalyst Cisco
2950.
Estacin Lago Agrio Meridian opcin 61 C
VSX 7000s
1 Servidor MAIL.
2 Servidores AS/400
Estacin Sacha Central telefnica digital
Meridian opcin 11C
Router Cisco 1751
Estacin UPA Router Cisco 1751
Estacin Lago Central | Router Cisco 1751
Estacin Coca Router Cisco 1751
PETROPRODUCCION Estacin Shushufindi Central telefnica digital
Meridian opcin 11C
Router Cisco 1751
[Estacin Sucumbos | Router Cisco 1751
Estacin Auca Central telefnica digital
Meridian opcin 11C
Router Cisco 1751
Estacin Guarumo Router Cisco 1751
3500
Central Telefnica Mitel
VSX 7000s
El Roco 3 Servidores AS/400
1 Servidor FTP
1 Servidor MAIL
1 Servidor WEB.
1 Servidor DNS.
1 Servidor DHCP
Mara Victoria VSX 7000s
1 Router Vanguard 6455
Cerro Azul - Libertad Radio Motorota SP
(PIN) 1 Router Vanguard 6435
Central Telefnica Mitel
PETROCOMERCIAL / Cerro Azul - Guayaquil Radio QUADRALINK /
PETROINDUSTRIAL Mux BAYLY
1 Servidor AS/400
Cerro Azul Radio QUADRALINK /
Pascuales Mux BAYLY
Cerro Azul - Manta Radio QUADRALINK /
(PIN) Mux BAYLY
Cerro Azul - Tres Radio AURORA
Bocas(PIN) 1 Router Vanguard 340
Cerro Azul - Fuel Oil - Radio AURORA
Salitral 1 Router Vanguard 6455
Condijua-Shushufinfi | Radio QUADRALINK /
Mux BAYLY
Rado AURORA
IRouter Vanguard 6455
(PIN)
2Router Vanguard 6455
(PCO)
Condijua - Osayacu Radio QUADRALINK /
Mux BAYLY
IRouter Vanguard 6435
PETROCOMERCIAL / I Santo Domingo IRouter Vanguard 6455
PETROINDUSTRIAL Ambato IRouter Vanguard 6455
IRouter Vanguard
Esmeraldas
IRouter Vanguard
Oyambaro IRouter Vanguard 6455

Beatero 2Router Vanguard 6455
Aeropuerto IRouter Vanguard 340
Gasolinera IRouter Vanguard 340
Riobamba IRouter Vanguard 340
Switch Cisco Catalyst
2950.
PETROECUADOR, Edificio Petroecuador, NEAX2400SDS
MATRIZ Matriz VSX 7000s
1 Servidor DNS/MAIL
1 Servidor FTP/WEB
1 Servidor AS/400
Tabla 4.17: Equipos de capa acceso
4.2.4 SERVICIOS DE LA RED
4.2.4.1 Acceso a Internet
El acceso a internet es una parte muy importante de la red, que permite la

conexin con el mundo exterior.
Actualmente Petroecuador, Matriz; Petroproduccin, Petrocomercial -
Petroindustral tienen enlaces a Internet independientes con una capacidad de
1Mbps, 1T1 (1.5Mbps) y 1.5Mbps respectivamente.
Para monitorear la utilizacin de Internet en el SISTEMA PETROECUADOR se

utiliz el programa "Optiview Protocol Expert Demo" de a Fluke Networks. Se
monitoreo el trfico en las redes durante tres das en las horas de mayor
demanda (11:00 - 13:00, 15:00 - 16:00). En el Anexo F se presentan las
muestras tomadas en algunos intervalos de tiempo.
Porcentaje de utilizacin de Internet
Muestras Utilizacin de Internet

(%)
1 74.66
2 73.86
3 75.43
4 79.21
5 78.26
6 ; 67.96
Tabla 4.18: Utilizacin de Internet Petroecuador, Matriz
Porcentaje de utilizacin promedio: 74,89% ~ 0.75 Mbps

Petroproduccin

/o/ \)
1 95.98
2 91.31
3 91.12
4 94.59
5 94.08
6 91.00
Tabla 4.19: Utilizacin de Internet Petroproduccin
Porcentaje de utilizacin promedio; 93.01%- 1.40 Mbps
Petrocomercial - Petroindustrial

(O/ \
1 86.40
2 89.39
3 82.09
4 87.25
5 84.95
6 85.96
Tabla 4.20: Utilizacin de Internet Petrocomercial Petroindustrial
Porcentaje de utilizacin promedio: 86% -> 1.29 Mbps
Para el enlace de acceso a Internet de la nueva red se ha tomado en cuenta la

utilizacin de los enlaces que tiene cada filial cuyo valor total es 3.44Mbps y la
necesidad de una conexin eficiente, debido a esto la capacidad del eniace debe
ser2E1s.
El router para !a salida a internet ser el IBM 2210 que actualmente

Petrocomercia! utiliza para este fin, ya que las caractersticas del mismo
satisfacen los requerimientos de conectividad con el medio externo (Hoja de
especificaciones Anexo G).
4.2.4.1.1 Proteccin de la red
Entre la red interna e internet hay un Firewall que restringe el acceso a la red.
Un firewall es un dispositivo que funciona como cortafuegos entre redes,
permitiendo o denegando las transmisiones de una red a la otra. Puede estar
situado entre una red local y la red Internet, como dispositivo de seguridad para
evitar que los intrusos puedan acceder a informacin confidencial.
Existen dos tipos de firewalls, los de hardware y los de software.
Un firewall de hardware es un dispositivo fsico que se antepone a la

infraestructura que se pretende proteger.
Un firewal! de software es una aplicacin que se instala directamente en los
equipos que se pretenden proteger, por ejemplo una estacin de trabajo dentro de
una red, o en computadoras de uso domstico conectadas a Internet, no obstante
que existen aquellos que protegen redes y que se instalan en servidores de red.
Seleccin del firewali de red
El firewall que se utilizar en la propuesta de red es un firewall de hardware por

las siguientes razones:
Un firewalt de tipo hardware ofrece los mayores niveles de seguridad, por

que a! ser dispositivos independientes pueden ser aislados de tal forma
que no puedan ser accedidos fsicamente por cualquier persona.
Su administracin y configuracin se hacen de manera remota mediante la
asignacin de claves de acceso.
Ofrecen una gran variedad de opciones de configuracin, requieren
mayores conocimientos por parte del Administrador, no dependen del
sistema operativo de los equipos a proteger ya que funcionan como una
computadora independiente.
Es ms potente y con ms recursos.
Estn orientados a proteger grandes redes, o equipos de misin crtica ya
sea para mantener asegurada la operacin o para proteccin de datos
esenciales.
Puerto DMZ para proporcionar acceso seguro a servidores pblicos.

Permita establecer y aplicar polticas de acceso a Internet.
A continuacin se presentan dos alternativas de ftrewall de hardware, cuyas hojas

de especificaciones se pueden observar en Anexo G:
3COM
F1REWALL 3COM SUPERSTAK 3 12
Confiere segundad a la red frente a accesos no autorizados y

otras amenazas externas con origen en Internet
El firewall deniega cualquier intento no autorizado de acceder a
la red y genera alertas e informes en tiempo real.
Permite establecer y aplicar polticas de acceso a Internet; filtra
las URL en base al nombre de dominio o a palabras clave.
Especificaciones
Interfaces
Tres puertos RJ-45; Ethernet/Fast Ethernet 10/100 BASE-T
(WAN, LAN, y DMZ) con negociacin automtica de velocidad y
modo dplex.
Todos los puertos se pueden seleccionar como Enlace Cruzado
o Normal (MDI/MDIX).
Prestaciones
Hasta 30,000 sesiones IP concurrentes.
Hasta 1.000 tneles VPN concurrentes.
100 Mbps de caudal en puertos de firewall.
45 Mbps de caudal de cifrado VPN DES y 3DES.
21 Mbps de caudal de cifrado VPN ARC4.
TCP/IP, UDP, ICMP, DHCP, NAT, PPPoE, HTTP, RADIUS,

ARP, IEEE802.3, ISO 8802-3; IPSecARC4.
Estndares
Segundad: UL 1950, EN 60950, CSA 22.2 No. 950,IEC 950
Funcional: IEEE 802.3, certificacin ICSA, IPSec ESP.
Medioambiental: EN 60068 (IEC 68)
Tabla 4.21: Caractersticas Generales FIREWALL 3COM SUPERSTAK 3
12 FIREWALL 3COM SUPERSTAK 3:

http:/A\\v\v.3com.com/products/en_US/detaLjsp?tab=prodspec&sku=3CRl 6110-95~US&patht}'pe=purchase
ir CSCO
FIREWALL CISCO PIX 515E13

Solucin de segundad con soporte de DMZ.

Servicios de inspeccin robustos para rastrear el estado de las
comunicaciones de toda la red.
Proporciona capacidades de control de acceso flexibles para
ms de 100 aplicaciones predefinidas, servicios y protocolos.
Habilita la creacin de mltiples contextos de seguridad.
Prevencin contra ataque de DoS (denegacin de servicio).
Especificaciones
Interfaces
2 Ethernet 10Base~T/100Base-TX - RJ-45
1 gestin - consola - RJ-45
1 gestin - RS-232 - DB-15
Prestaciones
Throughput; Hasta 190 Mbps .
Conexiones concurrentes: 130.000
Velocidad de transferencia de datos: lOOMbps
63 Mbps de caudal de cifrado VPN 3DES
Tneles simultneos VPN:2000
Protocolos soportados
TCP/IP, UDP/IP, IPSec, OSPF, SNMP, DHCP, NAT, RADIUS,
TACACS, IEEE 802.3, IPv6.
Estndares
Certificado FCC Clase A, EN 60950, UL 1950, IEC 60950
Tabla 4.22: Caractersticas Generales FIREWALL Cisco PIX 515E
En !a Tabla 4,23 se presenta una comparacin de las alternativas 3Com y Cisco.
13 FIREWALL CISCO PIX 515E: http://mvw.uit.co.uk/cso/pdf/p5] 5e_ds.pdf

! REQUERIMIENTOS 3COM CISCO
Puerto DMZ para proporcionar Si Si
acceso seguro a servidores
pblicos.
Permita establecer y aplicar Si . Si
polticas de acceso a Internet.
Proveedor directo en el pas | Si Si
Precio $3.000,00 $2.567,00
(Octubre 2005) (Abril 2005)
Tabla 4.23: Requerimientos para Firewall
Se propone la utilizacin del FIREWALL CISCO PIX 515E porque tiene mayores
prestaciones para la proteccin de la red y su costo es conveniente.
4.2.4.2 VoIP (Voz sobre IP)14
La Voz sobre IP (VoIP) es una tecnologa que permite la transmisin de la voz a

travs de redes IP en forma de paquetes de datos convrtiendo las seales de voz
estndar en paquetes de datos comprimidos que son transportados a travs de
redes de datos en lugar de lneas telefnicas tradicionales.
Caractersticas principales
Por su estructura el estndar proporciona las siguientes ventajas:
Permite e! control del trfico de la red, por lo que se disminuyen las

posibilidades de que se produzcan cadas importantes en el rendimiento de
las redes de datos.
Proporciona el enlace a la red telefnica tradicional.
Integracin de la voz spbre su Intranet como un seryjcio ms de su red, tal
como otros servicios informticos.
4VoIP: http:/Av\v\v,robertoares.eom.ar/mterest.htm
Ai tratarse de una tecnologa soportada en IP presenta las siguientes
ventajas adicionales:
Es independiente del tipo de red fsica que lo soporta. Permite la

integracin con las grandes redes de IP actuales.
Es independiente del hardware utilizado.
Puede ser implementado tanto en software como en hardware, con la
particularidad de que el hardware supondra eliminar el impacto inicial
para el usuario comn.
Protocolos de Voz sobre !P
Existen dos protocolos para transmitir voz sobre IP, ambos definen la manera
en que dispositivos de este tipo deben establecer comunicacin entre s,
adems de incluir especificaciones para codees de audio (codificador-
decodificador) para convertir una seal auditiva a una digitalizada comprimida y
viceversa.
H.323
H.323 es el estndar creado por la Unin Internacional de
Telecomunicaciones (ITU) que se compone por un protocolo sumamente
complejo y extenso, e! cual adems de incluir la voz sobre IP, ofrece
especificaciones para video-conferencias y aplicaciones en tiempo real,
entre otras vanantes.
SIP (Session Initation Protocol)

SIP fue desarrollado por la IETF (Internet Engineering Task Forc)
especficamente para telefona IP, que a su vez toma ventaja de otros
protocolos existentes para manejar parte del proceso de conversin,
situacin que no se aplica en H.323 ya que define sus propios protocolos
bases.
4.2.4.3 Videoconferencia sobre IP 3
Videoconferencia (VC) es una combinacin de transmisiones full dplex de audio

y vdeo los cuales permiten a usuarios ubicados en distintos lugares verse y orse
el uno ai otro tal como si estuvieran en una conversacin cara a cara. Se utiliza
una cmara en cada uno de los puntos terminales para capturar y enviar las
seales de vdeo. Se usan micrfonos en cada punto terminal para capturar y
transmitir la voz la cual es luego reproducida en altoparlantes. Las
comunicaciones son en tiempo real y generalmente no se almacenan.
La norma H.323 permite VC basado en IP, Los servicios basados en IP son

mucho mejores ya que la conferencia puede iniciarse desde cualquier PC en una
red apropiadamente equipada, y las seales viajan sobre la infraestructura y
equipo regular de la red, eliminando la necesidad de lneas dedicadas y cargos de
utilizacin.
La Videoconferencia puede ser punto a punto (un usuario a un usuario), o

multipuno (varios usuarios participando en la misma sesin). Los usuarios
pueden posteriormente ser visualizados en ventanas separadas.
Equipos de videoconferenca
Estndares de video
^r H.261 para compresin de la seal de video para transmisin sobre
medios digitales.
* H.263 para comunicaciones de baja velocidad.
ir H.264 para obtener video de alta calidad.
Estndares de Audio
* G.722/G722.1 para transmitir audio de alta calidad.
Estndar H.323 necesario para Videoconferencia sobre IP
1 puerto Ethernet para conexin con la LAN de la respectiva filial.
5VTDEOCONFERENCIA SOBRE IP: http://mv\v.siemon.com/la/white_papers/S.D-03-04-Vdeo-TP.asp

Comunicacin punto a punto y punto multipunto.
Se presentan alternativas de Polycom y Sony.
Polycom
Polycom VSX 300016
Descripcin
Es un sistema de video conferencia compacto, que proporciona

excelente calidad de audio y video.
Con su pantalla LCD integrada, el Polycom VSX 3000 es la solucin
perfecta de video conferencia para oficinas ejecutivas, salas de
conferencia pequeas y oficinas remotas.
Como un sistema de video conferencia plenamente integrado, el
Polycom VSX 3000 es el sistema ms fcil de usar en un ambiente
compartido proporcionando tanto facilidad de uso como un poderoso
desempeo en audio y video.
Puede funcionar como pantalla de PC cuando no se use en video
conferencia, ahorrando valioso espacio en el escritorio.
Ofrece navegacin intuitiva con una nterfaz grfica de usuario
mejorada, e incluye un control remoto inalmbrico.
La tecnologa de video H.264 similar a la de TV y la calidad de audio,
permiten ofrecer una video conferencia de alta calidad en redes IP o
ISDN.
Funciona muy bien en comunicaciones punto a punto o punto
multipunto.
Especificaciones
Ancho de banda
Mximo en IP: Hasta 2 Mbps

Mximo en ISDN; Hasta 512 kbps
Estndares de video
H.261, H.263,H.264
Estndares y protocolos de audio
* Ancho de banda de 14 kHz en IP, ISDN e IP/ISDN mixtos
* Ancho de banda de 7 Khz, con G.722, G.722.1
* Ancho de banda de 3.4 Khz. con G.711, G.728, G.729
Interfaces de red
IP (LAN, DSL, cable mdem)
Puerto Ethernet single 10/100 (10 Mbps/100 Mbps/Auto)
Soporte a LAN inalmbrica opcional va puerto Ethernet
-Cumple con IEEE802.11b u 802.11g hasta 54 Mbps
- Soporte a encriptacin de 64 a 128 bits (WEP)
- Modo de infraestructura o ad hoc.
Otros estndares ITU soportados
Comunicaciones H.221
Control de cmara por localidad remota H.224/H.281
H.323
H.225, H.245
H.231 en llamadas multipunto
Password MCU H.243
Estndares de encriptacin H.233, H.234, H.235V3
Especificaciones elctricas
Fuente de alimentacin auto sensible
Voltaje de funcionamiento 90-260 VAC, 47-63 Hz
Tabla 4.24: Caractersticas de Equipo de Videoconferencia VSX 3000
16VSX3000:http:/A\\Y\v.polycom.com/common/pw_cmp_updateDocKeyAVords/0}1687,3054)OO.pdf,
Polycom VSX 7000s17
Descripcin
Polycom VSX 7000s ofrece flexibilidad, fiabilidad y una arquitectura

robusta para prcticamente cualquier sala de reunin, clase o marco
de grupos medianos.
Ofrece un video verdaderamente excepcional con H.264.
En cualquier entorno de conferencia; puede elegir entre un VGA o un
monitor de TV como su pantalla principal, escoger cualquier mtodo
de llamada (IP/S1P/RDSI) y conectar una segunda cmara o VCR
para mostrar fotos, pelculas o presentaciones a todos los
participantes de la conferencia.
Cuando se muestra contenido, tanto si proviene de un PC, de una
cmara para documentos o de un DVD, los participantes en la
conferencia pueden ver al orador y tambin el contenido para crear
una sensacin de reunin ininterrumpida.
Funciona muy bien en comunicaciones punto a punto o punto
multipunto.
Especificaciones
Ancho de banda
Velocidad mxima de transmisin de datos IP: Hasta 2 Mbps

Velocidad mxima de transmisin de datos RDSI: Hasta 2 Mbps
Estndares de video
H.261, H.263,H.264
Estndares y protocolos de audio

14 Khz. de ancho de banda.
7 Khz. de ancho de banda con G.722, G.722.1
3.4 Khz. de ancho de banda con G.711, G.728.G.729A
Interfaces de red
I P (LAN, DSL, cable modem)
nico 10/100 puerto Ethernet (10Mbps/100Mbps/Auto)
ISDN PRI opcional (Primary Rate Interface) Modulo T1/E1
Soporte opcional de Wireless LAN va el puerto Ethernet.
Comunicaciones H.221
Control de cmara remota H.224/H.281
H.323
H.225, H.245
H.231 en llamadas desde mltiples puntos
H.243 contrasea MCU
H.233, H.234, H.235V3 estndar de encriptado
Suministro de corriente auto-sensor
Corriente/Voltaje operativo 90-260 VAC, 47-63 Hz/80 watios
Tabla 4.25: Caractersticas de Equipo de Videoconferencia VSX 7000s
17VSX7000s:http:/A\\nv.teamsolutions.co.uk/acrobaWSX7000s_Oct05.pdf.
ir Sony
PCS-TL50T8
Descripcin
El PCS-TL50 tiene una cmara digital incorporada, un monitor LCD

de pantalla ancha de 20 pulgadas que sirve tambin como monitor
de computadora.
Permite la conexin de hasta 6 puntos usando ISDN, IP o DSL
incluyendo sistema de Videoconferencia y telfonos.
Posible de conectar hasta 10 lugares en una conferencia usando
MCU en cascada.
Especificaciones
Velocidad de Transferencia de Datos
2 Mbps (LAN)
Hasta 768kbps (opcional)
Estndares de video
H.261 /263/H.264MPEG4
Estndares de audio
G.711 / 722 / 722.1 / 728 / 729 MPEG4
Interfaces de red
10Base-T/1 OOBase-TX
ISDN Externo
Otros estndares ITU soportados
H.320, H.323, H.221, H.225.0, H.245.
Protocolos de red
TELNET, HTTP
FTP.SNMP
DNS
DHCP
TCP/UDP
Seguridad
Encriptacin AES en H.323
Requerimiento de energa
AC 120 V (UC), AC 220 V a 240 V (CE), 50/60 Hz
DC19.5V, 7.7A
Tabla 4.26: Caractersticas de Equipo de Videoconferencia PCS-TL50
8PCS-TL50:hltp:/Av\w.sony.ca/vidcon/files/PCSTL50_brochure.pdf
En el Anexo G se presentan las hojas de especificaciones de los equipos de
videoconferencia.
En ia Tabla 4.27 se hace una comparacin de las alternativas antes mencionadas.
REQUERIMIENTOS POLYCOM SONY

Video: H.261, H.263, Si Si
H.264
Audio: G.722,G.722.1 Si Si
Funcionalidades sobre Si Si
redes IP (Estndar H. 323)
Mnimo 1 puerto Ethernet Si Si
Comunicacin punto a Si Si
punto y punto multipunto
Equipos para salas Si No medianas
pequeas y medianas
Proveedor en el pas Si Si
Precio ( Octubre 2005)
Equipo Sala Pequea VSX 3000: $ 4.500 $5.106,08
Equipo Sala Mediana VSX7000s:$ 7.000,
Tabla 4.27: Requerimientos para Equipos de Videoconferencia
Los equipos de videoconferencia que mejor se adaptan a las necesidades del

proyecto son ios de POLYGOM, ya que cumplen con los requerimientos y adems
POLYCOM tiene equipos tanto para safas pequeas y medianas disponibles en el
pas.
La Figura 4.11 muestra el backbone, la capa distribucin y acceso de la propuesta

de red con sus respectivos equipos de conexin.
4.2.5 DmECCIONAMEENTO IP
El direccionamiento se refiere a la forma como se asigna una direccin IP y como

se dividen y se agrupan subredes de equipos.
De acuerdo con el nmero de direcciones de host necesarias para la red se ha

escogido una direccin IP privada clase B. Para utilizar ei espacio de
direccionamiento con ms eficiencia se aplic la tcnica VLSM (Mscara de
Subred de Longitud Variable).
Direccin IP asignada: 172.18.0.0

Mscara: Longitud variable segn el nmero de host
La red est compuesta de siete subredes:

La Tribuna (PPR)
Viliafuerte (PPR)
Distrito Amaznico (PPR)
Ei Roco (PCO)
Mara Victoria (PIN)
Estaciones Costa y Sierra (PCO - PIN)
En la Tablas 4.28 y 4.29 se muestra e! direeeionamiento IP de las distintas

subredes con sus correspondientes rangos de host.
Subred Direccin de Mscara de Rango de direcciones
subred subred para host
Petroecuador, 172.18.0.0 255.255.255.0 172.18.0.1 -172.18.0.254
Matriz
La Tribuna 172.18.6.0 255.255.255.128 172.18.6.1 -172.18.6.126
Villafuerte 172.18.4.0 255.255.255.0 172.18.4.1 -172.18.4.254
D. Amaznico 172.18.3.0 255.255.255.0 172.18.3.1 -172.18.3.254
El Roco 172,18.2.0 255.255.255.0 172.18.2.1 -172.18.2.254
Mara Victoria 172.18.5.0 255.255.255.0 172.18.5.1 -172.18.5.254
Estaciones 172.18.1.0 255.255.255.0 172.18.1.1-172.18.1.254

Costa y Sierra
Tabla 4.28: Direccionamiento IP de subredes
Rango de
Enlace entre routers Direccin Mscara de direcciones para
de subred subred host
Cisco 2620 - 7204VXR 172.18.6.128 255.255.255.252 172.18.6.129-
(PEC) 172.18.6.130
Cisco 1751 - 7204VXR 172.18.6.132 255.255.255.252 172.18.6.133-
(Tribuna) 172.18.6.134
Cisco 2620 - 7204VXR 172.18.6.136 255.255.255.252 172.18.6.137-
(Villafuerte) 172.18.6.138
Cisco 7204VXR (Villaf.) 172.18.6.140 255.255.255.252 172.18.6.141 -
Cisco 1751 (Lago Agrio) 172.18.6.142
Vanguard 6455 - Cisco 172.18.6.144 : 255.255.255.252 172.18.6.145-
7204VXR(EI Roco) 172.18.6.146
Vanguard 6435 (Roco 172.18.6.148 255.255.255.252 172.18.6.149-
PIN) - Cisco 7204VXR 172.18.6.150
(El Roco)
Vanguard 6435 (Roco 172.18.6.152 255.255.255.252 172.18.6.153-
PIN) - Vanguard 6455 172.18.6.154
(Mara Victoria)
Vanguard 6455 172.18.6.156 , 2555.255.255.252 178.18.6.157-
(Pichincha) - Cisco 172.18.6.158
7204VXR (El Roco)
Tabla 4.29: Direccionamiento IP de enlaces

4.2.6 CARACTERSTICAS DE GESTIN DE LA RED
La gestin de red permitira al personal autorizado monitorear cambiar

importantes parmetros operacionales, utilizando uno o ms terminales de
gestin. Para dicha gestin se propone la utilizacin de un OSS (Operations
Support System, Sistema de Soporte de Operaciones).
El resultado de la aplicacin de un OSS es;

Incremento de contabilidad (disminucin de tiempo requerido para
deteccin de error , diagnstico y correccin de error , incremento de
eficiencia de los esfuerzos apuntados a la correccin de errores , la
posibilidad de reenrutar trfico de red automticamente si alguna parte de
la red opera en dficit).
Incremento de seguridad (acceso a la red controlado y regulado para cada
usuario y de acuerdo a autorizaciones y autenticaciones predefinidas).
Nuevos servicios provistos a los usuarios de red (adquisicin de
informacin de tarificacin, de trfico, etc.).
Monitoreo computarizado efectivo de sistema (almacenando informacin de
tarificacin, estadstica, seguimiento y evaluacin de carga y performance
de la red, as como estadsticas de errores, soporte de estrategias de
desarrollo de red, etc.)
4.2.6.1 Seleccin del OSS
Monitoreo de la red.
Deteccin y correccin de errores.
Seguridad en la red.

-Ar Alcatel
ALCATEL 5620 OSS INTEGRATION SOLUTION19
La solucin de integracin OSS Alcatel 5620 tiene tres

componentes:
Mdulos de nterfaz OSS Alcatel 5620 incluyendo el SNMP

Trap Forwarder.
Promotor de servicios de soporte OSS Alcatel 5620.
Programa de socio conectado Alcatel.
La solucin de Alcatel presentada en el mercado:
Es clase carrier, basada en estndares y escalable.

Es precertificada.
Incluye interfaces predefinidas.
Construye continuamente sociedades estratgicas
vendedores de software independientes (ISVs).
Mdulos de interfaz OSS Alcatel 5620 incluyendo el SNMP Trap
Forwarder.
Mdulo CMIP OSS Alcatel 5620

El CMIP OSS Alcatel 5620 es un protocolo de informacin de
administracin comn, los interfaz OSS cumplen con la Red
de Administracin de Telecomunicaciones.
Mdulo CORBA Alcatel 5620

E! CORBA Alcatel 5620 es una arquitectura de intermediario
para las peticiones de objetos comunes (CORBA)/
administracin de nter- dominio grupal (JIDM) cumpliendo
con el interfaz OSS.
Alcatel 5620 SNMP Trap Forwarder

El Alcatel 5620 SNMP (Protocolo de administracin de red
simple) Trap Forwarder es parte de la administracin de red
Alcatel 5620 NM.
Promotor de servicios de soporte OSS Alcatel 5620.
Facilita la integracin OSS, reduce tiempo de despliegue,

costos y el riesgo de integracin, y aumenta la calidad de
integracin.
Programa de socio conectado Alcatel.
Es nico en la industria y ofrece soluciones precertifcadas,
complementadas para uso estratgico de socios ISV.
Colector de estadstica
Permite la automatizacin de sus procesos de negocios.

Permite una aplicacin OSS para interoperar con un
administracin de red Aicatel 5620 NM.
Permite que una aplicacin OSS realice operaciones tales
como automatizacin de administracin de conexin,
vigilancia, administracin de alarmas, administracin de
inventario, administracin de pruebas.
Tabla 4.30: Caractersticas generales ALCATEL 5620 OSS
I9ALCATEL 5620 OSS INTEGRATJON SOLUTION:

http;/Avww. al catel.com/products/productCol I ateral List.jhtml?productRepID=/com/en/appxml/opgproduct/a/cae5620oss.
jhtrnl
ACTERNA
NETOPTIMIZE OPERATIONS SUPPORT SYSTEM'20~
Sistema de soporte de operaciones destinado a las aplicaciones de

monitorizacin y previsin de trfico, captura de datos, anlisis de
prestaciones y gestin del inventario de la red.
Monitoriza eficazmente las cargas de trfico, los patrones y la
utilizacin de la red, reduce los gastos de explotacin, aumenta la
rentabilidad de la inversin, incrementa los ingresos y mejora la
eficacia de la red.
Caractersticas
Arquitectura ampliable, independiente de la tecnologa y del

fabricante
Avanzados componentes de ingeniera, previsin y anlisis
de tendencias.
Funciones de validacin de datos, generador de informes
personaizables, informes de captura basados en reglas.
Acceso abierto a los datos del trfico; interfaz grfica de
usuario tipo navegador.
Beneficios
Funciones de planificacin y previsin rpidas, sencillas y

precisas.
Nuevas funciones de control de calidad.
Mejores procesos de planificacin e ingeniera.
Soporta tanto las tecnologas existentes como las
emergentes.
Informes (programados o bajo demanda) de aseguramiento
de los servicios.
Aplicaciones
Detecta las condiciones que pueden afectar al servicio con

umbrales definidos por el usuario.
Predice los problemas de capacidad con informes de
tendencias y previsiones.
Aplica tcnicas de ingeniera para analizar las horas pico y
los periodos pico, proporcionando informes histricos.
identifica los problemas de los servicios casi en tiempo real,
monitorizando y utilizando informes de excepcin.
Tabla 4.31: Caractersticas generales NETOPTIMIZE OSS
20NETOPTIMIZE OPERATIONS SUPPORT SYSTEM: http://ww.acterna.com/iTance/products/

descri ptons/NelOptm ze CM/in dex-.hml
Las hojas de especificaciones de los OSSs se presentan en el Anexo G.
En la Tabla 4.32 se presenta una comparacin de las alternativas para OSS.
REQUERIMIENTOS | ALCATEL ACTERNA

Monitoreo de la red. Si Si
Deteccin y correccin de Si Si
errores.
Seguridad en la red. Si Si
Proveedor en el pas | Si No
Precio (Noviembre 2005) $10.000,00 $7.800,00
Tabla 4.32: Requerimientos para OSS
Se propone la utilizacin del ALCATEL 5620 OSS INTEGRATION SOLUTION ya

que cumple con los requerimientos y tiene proveedor directo en el pas, adems
asegura la gestin de todos los elementos pertenecientes al ncleo, extremos y
acceso de la red, por separado simultneamente, la arquitectura CORBA
incorporada en ste OSS permite la interconectividad y la comunicacin entre
redes de telecomunicaciones y sistemas operativos heterogneos.
4.2.7 RESUMEN DE LA PROPUESTA DE RED
El backbone de la red estar conformado por cuatro dispositivos terminales de

tipo ADM 1642 Edge Multiplexerdel fabricante ALCATEL ubicados en los edificios
Villafuerte, La Tribuna, El Roco, y Petroecuador, Matriz; respectivamente, los
mismos que se nterconectarn a travs de un anillo SDH a nivel STM-1
utilizando fibra ptica monomodo ALCATEL 6801 Lose Tube Cable, mediante
instalacin area siguiendo la ruta principal de respaldo indicadas en las figuras
4.8 y 4.9 respectivamente.
Los equipos SDH del tipo ADM se conectarn a routers 1P Cisco 7204VXR a
travs de puertos Ethernet 10/100 Mbps. Adicionalmente a los ADM de los
edificios Vilafuere y El Roco se conectarn equipos de radio enlace TruePoint
de HARRIS mediante interfaces STM-1, a estos equipos de radio llega la
informacin de las estaciones del SISTEMA PETROECUADOR ubicadas en
diversos puntos del pas.
La unificacin de las redes del SISTEMA PETROECUADOR se realizar

mediante enlaces seriales entre los routers IP del backbone y Jos routers Cisco
2620, Cisco 1751 y Vanguad 6455/6435 que conforman la capa distribucin, as
como tambin a travs de los enlaces inalmbricos de las diferentes estaciones
que llegan a los equipos de radio del backbone.
A la capa distribucin se enlazan ios equipos de capa acceso formada por

equipos de conmutacin de capa 2: Cisco Catalyst2950 ubicados en los edificios
Villafuerte, La Tribuna, Petroecuador, Matriz y Estacin Lago Agrio; Cisco
Catalyst 3500 situados en el edificio E! Roco, y equipos de enrutamiento: Cisco
1751 que se encuentran en el edificio San Rafael y Estaciones del Distrito
Amaznico; Vanguard 6455/6435 que estn en e] edificio Mara Victoria, Estacin
Shushufindi, y Estaciones Costa y Sierra. A estos equipos se conectan las redes
LAN existentes permitiendo a los usuarios disponer, y compartir informacin y
adems acceder a servicios como VolP y videoconferencia entre filiales.
PROPUESTA DE RED
USUARIOS 3402
SERVICIOS Internet, Correo Electrnico, FTP, VoIP, 1
Videoconferencic3 1
r " " '~'~ BACKBONE

FILIAL EQUIPO
Edificio Villafuerte Alcatel 1642 Edge
Multiplexer
Router Cisco 7204
VXR
PETROPRODUCCIN Truepoint 5200
Edificio La Tribuna Alcatel 1642 Edge
Multiplexer
Router Cisco 7204
VXR
Edificio El Roco Alcatel 1642 Edge
PETROCOMERCIAL/ Multiplexer
PETROINDUSTRIAL Router Cisco 7204
VXR
. Truepoint 5200
i
Edificio Petroecuador, Matriz Alcatel 1642 Edge
Multiplexer
PETROECUADOR, Router Cisco 7204
MATRIZ VXR
Cisco PIX515E
Rouer IBM 2210
CAPA DISTRIBUCIN
FILIAL EQUIPO
Edificio Villafuerte Router Cisco 2620
Edificio La Tribuna Router Cisco 1751
Estacin Lago Agrio Radio TruePoint 5200
Router Cisco 1751
Lago Agrio - Sacha Mux BAYLY
Lago Agrio -UPA Mux BAYLY
Lago Agrio - Lago Central Mux BAYLY
PETROPRODUCCIN
Lago Agrio- Coca Mux BAYLY
Lago Agrio - Shushufundi Mux BAYLY
Lago Agrio - Sucumbos Mux BAYLY
Lago Agrio - Auca Mux BAYLY
Lago Agrio - Guarumo Mux BAYLY
Edificio El Roco Router Vanguard 6455
PETROCOMERCIAL / Edificio El Roco (PIN) Router Vanguard 6435
PFTROIWni I^TRIAl
Enlace Inalmbrico Radio QUADRALINK [
Pichincha. - Cerro Azul Mux BAYLY,
RouterVanguard 6455
(PCO)
RouterVanguard 6435
(PIN)
Pichincha - Condijua Mux BAYLY
Pichincha - Santo Domingo MUX BAYLY
Pichincha - Ambato Mux BAYLY
Pichincha - Esmeraldas Mux BAYLY
PETROCOMERCiAL/ Pichincha - Oyambaro Mux BAYLY
PETROINDUSTRIAL Enlace Inalmbrico Radio QUADRALINK
Pichincha- Beatero Mux BAYLY
Pichincha - Aeropuerto Mux BAYLY
Pichincha - Gasolinera Mux BAYLY
PETROECUADOR, Edificio Petroecuador, Matriz Router Cisco 2620
MATRIZ
CAPA ACCESO
FILIAL EQUIPO
Switches Cisco
Catalyst2950.
Central telefnica
Edificio Villafuerte digital Meridian opcin
61C
VSX 7000S
5 Servidores AS/400
1 Servidor DNS/MAIL
1 Servidor FTP/WEB
Switches Cisco
Catalyst2950.
Edificio La Tribuna Central telefnica
digital Meridian opcin
11C
VSX 7000s
1 Servidor DNS/MAIL
PETROPRODUCCION Central telefnica
San Rafael digital Meridian opcin
61C
Router Cisco 1751
Switch Catalyst Cisco
2950.
Central telefnica
Estacin Lago Agrio digital Meridian opcin
61C
VSX 7000s
1 Servidor MAIL
2 Servidores AS/400
Estacin Sacha Central telefnica
digital Meridan opcin
11C
Router Cisco 1751
Estacin UPA Router Cisco 1751
Estacin Lago Central Router Cisco 1751
Estacin Coca Router Cisco 1751
Estacin Shushufindi Central telefnica
11C
PETROPRODUCC1N Router Cisco 1751
Estacin Sucumbos Router Cisco 1751
Estacin Auca Central telefnica
11C
Router Cisco 1751
Estacin Guarumo Router Cisco 1751
Switches Cisco
Catalyst 3500
Central Telefnica
Mitel
El Roco VSX 7000s
3 Servidores AS/400
1 Servidor FTP
1 Servidor MAIL
1 Servidor WEB.
1 Servidor DNS.
1 Servidor DHCP
Mara Victoria VSX 7000s
1 Router Vanguard
6455
Cerro Azul - Libertad (PIN) Radio Motorota SP
1 Router Vanguard
6435
Central Telefnica
Mitel
Cerro Azul - Guayaquil Rado QUADRALINK
/
Mux BAYLY
PETROCOMERCIAL / 1 Router Vanguard
PETROINDUSTRIAL 6455
1 Servidor AS/400
Cerro Azul - Pascuales Radio QUADRALINK
/
Mux BAYLY
2 Router Vanguard
6455
Cerro Azul-Manta (PIN) Radio QUADRALINK
/
Mux BAYLY
1 Router Vanguard
6455
Cerro Azul - Tres Bocas (PIN) Rado AURORA
1 Router Vanguard
340
Cerro Azul - Fuel Ol - Salitral Radio AURORA
IRouter Vanguard
6455
IRouter Vanguard
6455
Condijua - Shushufnf Radio QUADRALINK
/
Mux BAYLY
Radio AURORA
IRouter Vanguard
6455 (PIN)
2Router Vanguard
6455 (PCO)
Condijua -Osayacu Radio QUADRALINK
/
Mux BAYLY
IRouter Vanguard
6435
Santo Domingo 1 Router Vanguard
PETROCOMERC1AL /
6455
PETROiNDUSTRIAL
Ambato IRouter Vanguard
6455
2 Router Vanguard
6455 (PCO)
IRouter Vanguard
Esmeraldas 6435 (PIN)
IRouter Vanguard
6455 (PIN)
Oyambaro 1 Router Vanguard
6455
Beatero 2Router Vanguard
6455
Aeropuerto IRouter Vanguard
340
Gasolinera 1 Router Vanguard
340
Riobamba 1 Router Vanguard
340
Switch Cisco Catalyst
2950.
Central telefnica
PETROECUADOR, Edificio Petroecuador, Matriz digital NEAX 2400
MATRIZ SDS
VSX 7000s
1 Servidor DNS/MAIL
1 Servidor FTP/WEB
1 Servidor AS/400
Tabla 4.33: Resumen propuesta de red

CAPITULO V
5 ESTIMACIN DE COSTOS DE LA RED (INVERSIN,

OPERACIN Y MANTENIMIENTO)
Para la estimacin de costos se toma en cuenta los recursos que se necesitan

para hacer el diseo, la instalacin, la capacitacin de usuarios y el
mantenimiento de la red.
Los principales elementos a considerar en la estimacin de costos son:

Costos de inversin, operacin y mantenimiento.
5.1 COSTOS DE INVERSIN
Los costos de inversin se estiman tomando en cuenta todos los elementos

necesarios para la red donde se incluyen los costos de instalacin, configuracin,
cursos de capacitacin.
5.1.1 COSTOS DE EQUIPOS, MEDIOS DE TRANSMISIN Y ACCESORIOS
Los equipos, medios de transmisin y accesorios elegidos para la propuesta de

red se presentan en la Figura 5.1 y el costo de los mismos se detallan el las
Tablas 5.1 y 5.2.
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EQUIPOS1
TEM DESCRIPCIN CANTIDAD PRECIO PRECIO
UNITARIO TOTAL
USD$ USD$
1 ALCATEL1642 Edge 4 12.000,00 36.000,00
Multiplexer
2 Router Cisco 7204 4 6.000,00 24.000,00
VXR
3 Puerto adaptador de 4 4.500,00 18.000,00

Puerto serial (PA-4T)
4 Puerto Adaptador 4 8,000,00 32.000,00
(PA-POS-OC3SMI)
5 Tarjetas de nterfaz 11 400,00 4.400,00
FXS (VIC-2FXS)
FXO (VIC-2FXO)
E&M (VIC-2E&M)
8 Radio Microonda 4 13.896,00 55.584,00
Digital HARRIS,
TRUEP01NT5200
9 Polycom VSX 3000 3 4.500,00 13.500,00
10 Polycom VSX 7000s 6 7.000,00 42.000,00
11 Firewall Cisco PIX 1 2.567,00 2.567,00
515E
12 ALCATEL562QOSS 1 10,000,00 10.000,00
TOTAL 243.851,00
Tabla 5.1: Costos de Equipos
'EQUIPOS: VTDEOCONFERENCTA; Datos proporcionados por Tng. Roberto Camino, PROTECO COASIN S.A.
ADM Y OSS: Datos suministrados por Santiago Reyes, ALCATEL ECUADOR.
ROUTER CISCO, FJGREWALL, TARJETAS DE JNTERFAZ Y PUERTOS ADAPTADORES:
http:/Avww.questsys.com/caIsave_cisco.htmI, http;//tecun,cimex.com,cu/tec un/nter es/CT SCO_WE.DOC
http://ww\v. msncomm.com/Cis copricing.htm
TRUE POINT 5200; Datos suministrados por Ing. Julio Vinueza, Jefe de Telecomunicaciones de PPR
MEDIOS DE TRANSMISIN Y ACCESORIOS2
UNITARIO TOTAL
USD$ USD$
1 ALCATEL6801 Lose 8000[m] 3,00 24.000,00
Tube Cable
2 Patch panel (24 fibras) y 8 412,00 3.296,00
accesorios internos
3 Patch cords de fibra 32 18,78 600,96
monomodo, 1,5 m con
terminales ST
6 Caja de empalmes 24 8 390,00 3.120,00
fibras
7 AIcatel6611 Fiber 294 20,00 5.880,00
Closure (Sujetador de [postes]
fibra para postes)
8 Antena de polarizacin 4 1.255,00 5.020,00

sencilla de 1.2m de
dimetro
9 Gua de onda flexible 4 420,00 1680,00
38"CPR1376
10 Cable Banda Base 8 581,00 4648,00

100ms
11 UPS EX1000RT(MGE 4 666,40 2.665,60

UPS SYSTEMS)
12 Kit para mediciones de 1 5.280,00 5.280,00

fibra ptica
TOTAL 56.190,56
Tabla 5.2: Costos de Medios de Transmisin y Accesorios
2MEDIOSDE TRANSMISIN Y ACCESORIOS:

CABLE DE FIBRA PTICA Y ACCESORIOS: Datos suministrados por Santiago Reyes, ALCATEL ECUADOR.
ACCESOROS PARA TRUE POINT 5200: Datos suministrados por Ing. Julio Vinueza, Jefe de Telecomunicaciones
dePPR
5.1.2 COSTOS DE INSTALACIN
Los costos de instalacin se detallan a continuacin:
INSTALACIN"
UNITARIO TOTAL
USD$ USD$
1 Instalacin ALCATEL 4 500,00 2.000,00
1642 Edge Muitiplexer
2 Instalacin Router 4 500,00 2.000,00
Cisco 7204VXR
Instalacin Radio
Microonda Digital 4 N/costo N/costo
3
HARRIS, TRUEPOINT
5200
4 Instalacin Polycom 3 315,00 945,00
VSX 3000
5 Instalacin Poycom 6 490,00 2.940,00
VSX 7000s
6 Instalacin Firewall 1 150,00 150,00
Cisco PIX515E
4 Instalacin. ALCATEL 1 800,00 800,00
5620 OSS
5 Instalacin area 7932.29 4,50 35.695,30
[m]
294[postes]
6 Instalacin patch panels 8 65,00 520,00
7 Empalmes ( 24 fibras) 8 397,20 3.177,60
SUBTOTAL 48,227,90
8 Imprevistos (5 % del 2.411,40
subtotal)
TOTAL 50.639,30
Tabla 5.3: Costos de Instalacin
3INSTALACIN: VIDEOCONFERENCIA: Datos proporcionados por Ing. Roberto Camino, PROTECO COASIN S.A.
ADM, OSS, FIBRA PTICA Y ACCESORIOS:
Datos suministrados por Santiago Reyes, ALCATEL ECUADOR.
ROXJTER Y FIREWALL CISCO; htlp:/Av\v\v.questsys.com/caIsave-_cisco.html,
http://tecun.cmex.com.cu/tecun/interes/CISCO_WE.DOC
htlp:/Avmv.msn comjTi.com/Ciscopricmg.btm
TRUE POINT 5200: Datos suministrados por Ing. Julio Vinueza, Jefe de Telecomunicaciones de PPR
5.13 COSTOS DE CAPACITACIN
Los costos de capacitacin se detallan en la siguiente tabla los mismos que

'fueron proporcionados por los proveedores de los equipos.
CAPACITACIN'
UNITARIO TOTAL
USD$ USD$
Capacitacin, curso 1 600,00 600,00
1 bsico, diseo y
mantenimiento redes
con fibras pticas,
Manejo y Mantenimiento 1 800,00 800,00
2. deALCATEL1642
Edge Multiplexer
3 Manejo y Mantenimiento 1 400,00 400,00.
de Router Cisco
7204VXR
Entrenamiento,
4 operacin y 2 N/costo N/costo
mantenimiento Radio
TruePoint 5200
5 Capacitacin equipos 1 500,00 500,00
videoconferencia
6 Curso de Gestin de ia 1 314,00 314,00
red
TOTAL 2.614,00
Tabla 5.4: Costos de Capacitacin
4CAPACITACIN: Datos proporcionados por Ing. Roberto Camino, PROTECO COASIN S.A.
Datos suministrados por Santiago Reyes, ALCATEL ECUADOR.
Datos suministrados por Ing. Julio Vinueza, Jefe de Telecomunicaciones de PPR
http:/Aw\'\v.quests>'s.com/calsave_csco.htmI,
http://tecun.cmex.com.cu/tecun/interes/CISCO_V/E.DOC
II 5.1.4 COSTOS DE INGENIERA
Los costos de ingeniera incluyen el diseo y la documentacin de la propuesta de

red (backbone, distribucin y acceso), para este costo se considera el 10% del
costo total de los componentes de la red.
Las pruebas que se efectuarn una vez instalada la red (prueba y certificacin del
anillo dual). Estas pruebas se realizan para determinar que las caractersticas
pticas del cable cumplan con los estndares de calidad.
INGENIERA
UNITARIO TOTAL
USD$ USD$
1 Diseo 1 35.372,786 35.372,786
2 Pruebas^ 2 500,00 1.000,00

TOTAL 36.372,786
Tabla 5.5: Costos de Ingeniera
5.2 COSTOS DE OPERACIN Y MANTENIMIENTO
Los costos de operacin tienen que ver con el diagnostico, funcionamiento y

gestin de ia red, y los costos de mantenimiento deben incluir mantenimiento
preventivo que se debe realizar peridicamente y mantenimiento correctivo que
consiste en la reparacin de fallas y daos, los que involucran el suministro de
repuestos y equipos en caso necesario. Con el fin de mantener la red operativa y
en ptimas condiciones.
5Daos suministrados por Santiago Reyes, ALCAXEL ECUADOR.

Para realizar el mantenimiento y operacin de la red se requerir el siguiente
personal tcnico:
5 Ingenieros ( 1 para el Distrito Quito, 2 para el Distrito Amaznico y 2 para

Estaciones Costa y Sierra)
4 Tecnlogos (2 para e! Distrito Amaznico y 2 para Estaciones Costa y
Sierra)
10 Tcnicos ( 4 para el Distrito Quito, 3 para el Distrito Amaznico y 3 para
Estaciones Costa y Sierra)
Dicho personal deber recibir la capacitacin brindada por los proveedores de los
equipos de la red.
El mantenimiento de la red se realizar mensuaimente para lo que se toma en

cuenta los gastos en herramientas y movilizacin tanto area como terrestre.
En la tabla 5.6 y 5,7 se indican los costos por pago del personal.
SUELDO FACTOR DE COSTO

PERSONAL MENSUAL SALARIO MENSUAL
USD($)6 REAL(FSR)7 USD($)
INGENIERO 1.000,00 2,019 2.019,00
TECNOLOGO 600,00 2,023 1.213,80
TCNICO 400,00 2,049 819,60
Tabla 5.6: Costos de Operacin y Mantenimiento mensual de personal
fiSUELDO MENSUAL USD: Dalos proporcionados por Departamento de RRHH de Petroproduccin

7FSR: Detallado en el Anexo H
COSTO COSTO
PERSONAL CANTIDAD MENSUAL ANUAL
TOTAL USD($) USD($)
INGENIERO 5 10.095,00 121.140,00
TECNOLOGO 4 4.855,20 58.262,40
TCNICO 10 8.196,00 98.352,00
TOTAL 277.754,40
Tabla 5.7: Costos de Operacin y Mantenimiento total anual de personal
A continuacin se presenta el costo total de operacin y mantenimiento para un

ao.
TEM DESCRIPCIN COSTO

ANUAL
USD$
1 Personal 277.754,40
2 Herramientas5 108.170,84
3 Movilizacin y otrosy 6.400,00
TOTAL 392.325,24
Tabla 5.8: Costos de Operacin y Mantenimiento anual
Para la operacin y mantenimiento de la red se dispondr del personal tcnico

que actualmente labora en el SISTEMA PETROECUADOR, por lo que el costo de
personal ya no significara un gasto para PETROECUADOR.
8HERRAMTENTAS: Se considera un 3% del costo total del equipo adquirido

MOVILIZACIN Y OTROS: AREA, 3 pasajes (Quito -Lago Agrio, Quito -Esmeraldas, Quito - Guayaquil)
http;/Av\nv.tame.com.ec/tame/tarifas/default.asp?action=Consulta
Terrestre, combustible gasolina sper:
http:/Av\v\v.petrocomercial.com/pages/nprod.asp?in=precos8
5.3 COSTO TOTAL DEL PROYECTO
La Tabla 5.9 y 5,10 presentan el costo total para la propuesta de red, dicho costo
es un precio referencial que puede variar, pero muestra una idea del capital que
se necesita para la implementacin de la red.
Descripcin Costo total [USD]
COSTO DE INVERSIN
Equipos 243,851,00
Medios de Transmisin y Accesorios 56.190,56
Instalacin 50.639,30
Capacitacin 2.614,00
Ingeniera 36.372,786
TOTAL 389.667,65
Tabla 5.9: Costo Total de Inversin
Descripcin Costo total [USD]
OPERACIN Y MANTENIMIENTO 114.570,84
Tabla 5.10: Costo Total de Operacin y Mantenimiento anual

CAPITULO VI
6. PROPUESTA DE LA ESTRUCTURA BSICA DE

ORGANIZACIN PARA PETROTELECOM
PETROTELECOM ser una nueva filial de PETROECUADOR que se encargar

exclusivamente del manejo de las telecomunicaciones, esta empresa servir
como "carrier" para llevar la informacin de las filiales a los diferentes puntos de
operacin ubicados en diversos lugares del pas.
Se propondr una organizacin funcional que cumpla con los requerimientos
tcnicos, operativos y administrativos de PETROTELECOM
6.1 MISIN
Administrar las tecnologas de informacin y telecomunicacin de

PETROECUADOR y sus filiales, con el fin de agilitar y mejorar la comunicacin
entre ellas buscando el aprovechamiento ptimo de estos recursos dentro de un
marco de responsabilidad y tica profesional.
6.2 VISIN
Llegar a ser una empresa modelo en la prestacin de servicios de

telecomunicaciones a PETROECUADOR a travs de pilares fundamentales como
valores ticos de honestidad, transparencia y profesionalismo; con un persona!
altamente calificado y comprometido con la Institucin.
6.3 OBJETIVOS
Satisfacer la demanda de comunicaciones de PETROECUADOR.
Administrar y supervisar convenios y/o contratos para la prestacin, de
servicios de telecomunicaciones.
Realizar el mantenimiento, implementacin, desarrollo y actualizacin
de ios servicios de comunicacin.
Brindar soporte para la correcta utilizacin de los servicios de
telecomunicaciones.
Valores Empresariales
Los valores son los cimientos de la Empresa.
tica.
Honestidad.
Trabajo en equipo,
Iniciativa y Liderazgo.
6.4 ESTRUCTURA BSICA DE ORGANIZACIN DE

PETROTELECOM3
La estructura organizacional de PETROTELECOM esta diseada para atenderlos

exigentes requerimientos de la integracin de tecnologa y as asegurar que ios
sistemas que se implementen solucionen las necesidades reales del SISTEMA
PETROECUADOR,
6.4.1 ESQUEMA ORGANIZAOONAL
'REFERENCIA:.PETROECUADOR, El petrleo en Ecuador su historia y su importancia en la Economa

Nacional. Sistemgraf. Quito. Junio 2004
http://www.petrocomercial.com
http ://www.p etroproduccon. com. ec/
9'
<*.
CONSEJO DE ADMINISTRACIN
{C.A.D.}
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SUBG. DE TELECOMUNICACIONES Y
CQ Y FINANCIERA SISTEMAS
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(D OPERACIN Y
PLANIFICACIN INGENIERA MANTENIMIENTO
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6.4.2 DESCRIPCIN DEL ESQUEMA ORGAMZACIONAL
Directorio de Filial
El Consejo de Administracin de PETROECUADOR acta como Directorio de
PETROTELECOM y es el rgano superior de direccin, encargado de formular las
polticas y de controlar su cumplimiento.
Vicepresidencia
Administrar la empresa de telecomunicaciones del SISTEMA PETROECUADOR,

de forma que se satisfaga la demanda de comunicaciones con el fin de que las
filiales puedan cumplir eficientemente para el desarrollo del pas.
Funciones:
Ejercer la representacin legal, judicial y extrajudicial de la empresa.
Cumplir y hacer cumplir Jas decisiones adoptadas por el Directorio, Consejo
de Administracin y Presidencia Ejecutiva, de PETROECUADOR.
Dictar polticas, normas e instructivos de gestin tcnica, operativa,
financiera y administrativa.
Presentar para conocimiento y aprobacin del Directorio de
PETROTELECOM, Jos pJanes y presupuestos anuales, informes anuales
de Ejecucin Presupuestaria de inversiones y operaciones, as como los
estados financieros mensuales y anuales de la filial.
Asesora Legal
Funciones:
Asesorar legalmente a la Vicepresidencia.

Orientar el cumplimiento de las polticas y directrices emitidas por la
Vicepresidencia.
Coordinar con las Unidades Legales del SISTEMA PETROECUADOR, en
caso de una aplicacin unificada de criterios legales.
Supervisar la defensa legal en las causas en las que PETROTELECOM
participe como Actor o Demandado.
Participar en las Comisiones de Contratacin.
Relaciones Pblicas
Funciones:
Generar imagen institucional positiva interna y externa de las diferentes

actividades de la filial.
Asesorar a la Vicepresidencia en aspectos y polticas de relaciones
pblicas para PETROTELECOM.
Responsable de preparar informacin sobre la difusin de las actividades
de la empresa como seminarios, charlas y exposiciones.
t'
Subgerencia Administrativa y Financiera
Funciones:
Asesorar a la Vicepresidencia sobre la factibilidad econmica de los

proyectos de inversin de PETROTELECOM.
Controlar la ejecucin presupuestaria de la filial.
Administrar las finanzas, la gestin de adquisicin y control de materiales.
Coordinar los requerimientos de fondos con la Vicepresidencia.
Presentar la proforma presupuestaria correspondiente al ejercicio
econmico,
^ Presentar los balances y estados financieros de PETROTELECOM.
Programar y controlar la adquisicin de bienes y materiales.
Cumplir las dems disposiciones que le asigne la ley, los reglamentos y
rganos directivos.
Administracin
Funciones:
Administrar ios recursos humanos y materiales en forma eficiente

Coordinar con PETROECUADOR el establecimiento y aplicacin de
polticas, normas y reglamentaciones relacionadas con la administracin de
los recursos humanos, contratacin colectiva y dems.
Planificar las necesidades y requerimientos de personal de las "reas
administrativas y operativas de PETROTELECOM.
Asesorar a la Vicepresidencia, en la toma de decisiones relacionadas con
la administracin de recursos humanos.
Apoyar la consecucin de los objetivos empresariales, con sistemas
administrativos giles, oportunos y flexibles.
Realizar estudios sobre ndices de satisfaccin labora), conflictos
personales, familiares y sociales a travs de encuesta o entrevistas con el
personal.
Recursos Humanos
Funciones:
Asesorar a la Vicepresidencia y Unidad Administrativa, en la toma de

decisiones relacionadas con la administracin de los recursos humanos,
Planificar Jas necesidades y requerimientos de personal de las reas
operativas y administrativas.
Programar y realizar conferencias en las diferentes reas operativas y
administrativas de la empresa,
Elaborar el presupuesto de gastos de personal.
Elaborar el Plan de Capacitacin de acuerdo con las polticas que
determine la Presidencia Ejecutiva, el Comit Nacional de Capacitacin y la
Vicepresidencia de PETROTELECOM.
Realizar el reclutamiento y seleccin de personal de acuerdo a las
necesidades de la empresa.
Administrar la nmina de PETROTELECOM segn lo establecido en las
leyes.
Bienestar Laboral
Funciones:
Planificar y programar la prestacin de ios servicios: mdico, odontolgico,

psico-social y econmico para los trabajadores de PETROTELECOM.
Brindar asesoramiento individual y/o grupal a los trabajadores de la
empresa.
Asesorar y contribuir en el mejoramiento y mantenimiento del bienestar
fsico, mental y social de los trabajadores en un adecuado clima laboral.
Servicios Generales
Funciones:
Garantizar la movilidad y mensajera a PETROTELECOM para permitir un

mejor funcionamiento de la misma.
Proporcionar el transporte para recepcin o envo de documentacin,
materiales y equipos, as como de personal.
Recibir, clasificar y entregar correspondencia en forma expedita.
Coordinacin servicio de mensajera externa.
Finanzas
* Funciones:
Administrar los bienes y recursos financieros de PETROTELECOM

Elaborar los presupuestos: Operativo, Financiero y de Inversiones.
Presentar en forma mensual y anual los informes de evaluacin de los
presupuestos: operativo, financiero y de inversiones, a la Vicepresidencia.
Asesorar en el mbito financiero a las Unidades Operativas y
Administrativas de la filial.
Coordinar y tramitar los pagos de las obligaciones financieras de gastos de
operacin e inversiones.
* Cumplir las dems disposiciones que le asigne la ley, los reglamentos y
rganos directivos.
Contabilidad
Funciones:
Planificar, organizar, dirigir, coordinar y controlar las transacciones

econmicas realizadas por la Filial.
Entregar los Estados Financieros de ia Fial a las autoridades
correspondientes.
Realizar el registro contable y referencia! de los pagos realizados mediante
Contratos, Ordenes de trabajo y ordenes de compra.
Cumplir y hacer cumplir las disposiciones legales, reglamentarias, las
polticas, normas tcnicas y dems regulaciones establecidas para el
sistema contable.
Proporcionar informacin a los Organismos de Control (Contralora General
del Estado, Auditora Interna de PETROECUADOR, Servicio de Rentas
Internas, etc.)
Mantener actualizado el archivo de la documentacin sustentada de los
registros contables.
Realizar el reporte mensual de los saldos de los contratos que mantiene
PETROTELECOM.
Seguros y garantas
Funciones:
Administrar las plizas que amparan al personal y dems actividades: de

PETROTELECOM.
Documentar y efectuar el seguimiento del siniestro hasta obtener la
indemnizacin o reparacin final.
Administrar los avales presentados por Contratistas de conformidad a los
contratos suscritos por la filial.
Materiales
Funciones:
Abastecer eficientemente de bienes, equipos, materiales, y repuestos a

PETROTELECOM.
Realizar trmites para la adquisicin de equipos, materiales y repuestos

que deben ser importados, incluyendo las autorizaciones respectivas en las
instancias y organismos correspondientes.
Coordinar con Finanzas para obtener los recursos necesarios para el pago
oportuno a (os proveedores nacionales y del exterior.
Proponer y ejecutar polticas de adquisicin de bienes, equipos, materiales
y repuestos.
Mantener sistemas de control de existencias de materiales y repuestos en
Jas bodegas.
Actualizar ia informacin de stocks de materiales en bodega para control y
cierre de los mismos.
Actualizar el registro de proveedores, catlogos, bibliografa tcnica y
comercial.
Importaciones
Funciones:
Realizar la adquisicin directa de equipos, materiales, repuestos e insumes

en ei mercado internacional.
Cumplir y hacer cumplir el Instructivo de Importaciones y dems
disposiciones emanadas de autoridades competentes.
Invitar a cotizar a los fabricantes o distribuidores autorizados en el exterior,
que ofrezcan a PETROTELECOM buena cal/dad, descuentos, trminos
adecuados de pago, tiempos de entrega aceptables, despachos giles.
Obtener las autorizaciones de importacin de los diferentes entes
gubernamentales.
Una vez embarcado el material y obtenida ia liberacin de aranceles en la
CAE realizar la desaduanizacin dei material.
Verificar la calidad de los materiales adquiridos en coordinacin con las
reas usuarias, y en el caso de existir inconformidad de los usuarios
tramitar el cambio de los materiales.
Compras Locales
Funciones:
Realizar la adquisicin directa de equipos, materiales, repuestos e insumos

en el mercado nacional.
Cumplir y hacer cumplir los Manuales de Procedimientos de Compras
Locales, de Aprobaciones y dems disposiciones emanadas por la
autoridad competente.
Realizar concursos de precios con fas empresas, personas naturales o
casas comerciales domiciliadas en el pas y de preferencia que se
encuentren calificadas, que ofrezcan a PETROTELECOM buena calidad,
descuentos, trminos adecuados de pago, tiempos de entrega aceptables,
despachos giles, procurando obtener los mejores beneficios para la filial.
Imponer las sanciones correspondientes, en caso de incumplimiento en la
entrega de los materiales, por parte de los proveedores,
Tramitar el pago a los proveedores dentro de los plazos establecidos por la
Vicepresidencia de la Filial.
Elaborar los informes del cumplimiento de las funciones, que sean
requeridos por las autoridades correspondientes,
Bodega
Funciones;
Mantener el control de los materiales existentes en bodegas, para

satisfacer las necesidades de los mantenimientos preventivos y correctivos
en ios equipos.
Ejecutar el cierre mensual de bodegas.
Realizar el reporte contable de movimientos de bodega al sistema contable
en coordinacin con Contabilidad.
Realizar los inventarios de bodega^.
Elaborar informes, programas, presupuesto y reportes,
Subgerencia de Telecomunicaciones y Sistemas
Funciones:
Coordinar con la Vicepresidencia para elaborar y proponer ios pianes

estratgicos y operativos de la filial a nivel nacional, en el rea de
telecomunicaciones.
Administrar y brindar servicios de comunicaciones a nivel nacional al
Sistema PETROECUADOR.
Controlar el diseo y ejecucin de proyectos de comunicaciones.
Supervisar proyectos de reparacin y/o mantenimiento de las redes de
telecomunicaciones,
Supervisar proyectos de ingeniera, presupuestos y cualquier tipo de
informacin tcnica.
Establecer los requerimientos y especificaciones de equipos, materiales y
accesorios necesarios para la operacin de ia red de telecomunicaciones,
Documentar todas las etapas que constituyen el desarrollo de un proyecto
y generar los manuales tcnicos definidos en los estndares,
Establecer polticas de seguridad para el ingreso, utilizacin y acceso a los
datos, implementar tales polticas y hacer el seguimiento a intentos de
ingreso y usos no autorizados a los recursos del sistema.
Planificacin
Funciones:
Elaborar planes de demanda de servicios y equipamiento de la

organizacin para garantizar la satisfaccin de ios usuarios.
Proponer la conformacin de equipos de trabajo muitidiscipiinarios para
efectuar estudios de factibilidad, programacin, ejecucin e implantacin de
proyectos informticos y de telecomunicaciones para atender nuevos
requerimientos de la filial.
Planificar y apoyar el proceso de atencin al usuario a travs de las
herramientas y anlisis estadsticos, a fin de garantizar la gestin de los
recursos.
Promover el desarrollo de las comunicaciones mediante la formulacin,
difusin, ejecucin y control del plan estratgico con la participacin de
todas las reas de la empresa.
Demanda y Estadstica
Funciones:
Captar y registrar las novedades y solicitudes de servicio generadas por los

usuarios, canalizarlas a las reas de trabajo especializados y determinar
ndices de servicio.
Ejecutar los planes de demanda de servicios y equipamiento en forma
integral, de acuerdo con las necesidades y expectativas de los usuarios.
Elaborar !as estadsticas oficales de la demanda de servicios y
equipamiento.
Diseo e Ingeniera
Funciones:
Responsable de los estudios y diseos de ingeniera bsica y de detalle de

los proyectos a ser desarrollados por PETROTELECOM, contribuyendo
con este propsito en la gestin de la misma.
Analizar, disear, coordinar y supervisar la ejecucin de proyectos en el
rea de Ingeniera.
Evaluar correctamente las necesidades de la organizacin; disear las
soluciones de acuerdo con las mismas; y llevarlas a cabo.
Preparar especificaciones tcnicas, presupuestos y cualquier tipo de
informacin tcnica de proyectos de ingeniera.
Gestionar y obtener licencias y permisos.
Realizar la gestin integral de los proyectos.
1 Proyectos
Funciones:
Programar, coordinar, ejecutar y controlar las actividades de Ingeniera, en

relacin a ia ejecucin de proyectos, evaluacin y control.
Documentar todas las etapas que constituyen el desarrollo de un proyecto
y generar los manuales tcnicos definidos en los estndares.
Elaborar e! Presupuesto de Inversiones en coordinacin con el
departamento de diseo e ingeniera.
Desarrollo de Sistemas
Funciones:
Desarrollar Software, sistemas operativos y paquetes de aplicacin para

microinformtica, Jntranet, Pgina Web y Redes.
Establecer polticas de segundad para el ingreso, utilizacin y acceso a los
datos en las diferentes plataformas computacionales, implementar tales
polticas y hacer el seguimiento a intentos de ingreso y usos no autorizados
a los recursos del sistema.
Operacin y Mantenimiento
t Funciones:
Realizar el mantenimiento, implementacin, desarrollo y actualizacin de

los servicios de comunicacin, microonda, telefnicos y redes
computacionales (LANA/VAN) en todas las instalaciones del SISTEMA.
PETROECUADOR.
Atender los requerimientos puntuales de las aplicaciones instaladas y
brindar el soporte para la correcta utilizacin de las mismas.
Capacitar a los usuarios para la adecuada utilizacin de los sistemas de
comunicaciones implantados.
Administrar los recursos de comunicaciones instalados brindando el
ft soporte tcnico adecuado que garantice su buen funcionamiento.
Ejecutare! mantenimiento preventivo y correctivo de las instalaciones7"d
Jos equipos de telecomunicaciones del SISTEMA PETROECUADOR
Controlar las operaciones de los equipos de comunicaciones instalados,
procurando disponibilidad continua y la mayor eficiencia posible.
Custodiar toda la documentacin tcnica y de procedimientos de los
sistemas de informacin y telecomunicaciones instalados y supervisar su
actualizacin permanente.
Sistema de microondas
Funciones:
Realizar el mantenimiento preventivo y correctivo de las microondas en

todas las instalaciones del SISTEMA PETROECUADOR,
Preparar informes tcnicos de fallas o daos de la red de microondas,
Controlar las operaciones de los equipos de radio, procurando
disponibilidad continua y la mayor eficiencia posible.
Redes LAN/WAN
Funciones:
Realizar el mantenimiento preventivo y correctivo de las redes

computacionaies LANA/VAN en todas (as instalaciones del Sistema
PETROECUADOR.
Preparar informes tcnicos de fallas o daos de la red de comunicaciones.
Administrar los recursos de hardware y software instalados en las
diferentes plataformas computacionales, servidores de red y
microcomputadores, brindando el soporte tcnico adecuado que garantice
su buen funcionamiento.
Instalar y actualizar las versiones de Software, sistemas operativos y
paquetes de aplicacin para micronformtica, Internet, Intranet, Pgina
Web y Redes.
6.4.3 DOTACIN BE PERSONAL
Dependencia Puesto/Cargo Nmero de

Personas
Vicepresidencia Vicepresidente 1
Secretaria 1
Asesora Legal Abogado 1
Relaciones Pblicas !ng. Marketing 1

Secretaria 1
Subgerencia Subgerente 1
Administrativa y
Financiera Secretaria 1
Administrador 1
Administracin
Secretaria 1
Jefe 1
Recursos Humanos
Capacitacin 1
Bienestar Laboral Trabajador Social 1
Servicios Generales Mensajero 1

Ing. Finanzas 1
Finanzas
Secretaria 1
Auditor 1
Contabilidad Contador General 1

Seguros y Garantas Personal de Servicios 1
Coordinador materiales 1
Materiales
Secretaria 1
Desaduanizador 1
Importaciones y
Compras Locales Administrador 1
Bodega Bodeguero 2
Subgerente 1
Subgerencia de
Telecomunicaciones y Secretaria 1
Sistemas
Ing. Telecomunicaciones 1
Planificacin
Secretaria 1
Demanda y Estadstica Asistente 1
Ing. Telecomunicaciones 1-
Diseo e Ingeniera Ing. Sistemas 1
Secretara 1
Proyectos
ing. Sistemas 1
Desarrollo de Sistemas Programador/administrador 2
de red
Jefe 1
Operacin y
Mantenimiento Secretaria 1
Sistema de Microondas.
Tcnicos 6
Ing. Sistemas 1
Kedes LAN/WAN Tecnlogo 4
Tcnico 4
Total de Personal 56
Tabla 6.1: Dotacin de Personal
En lo que se refiere a las remuneraciones del personal anteriormente indicado se

las realizar de acuerdo con los salarios mnimos establecidos por el Ministerio
de Trabajo (Anexo i), los respectivos beneficios de ley y con las polticas de
remuneracin de PETROECUADOR.
CAPTULO VII
7. CONCLUSIONES Y RECOMENDACIONES
El propsito de presente proyecto fue integrar las redes de telecomunicaciones

del SISTEMA PETRQECUAQQR, optimizar la gestin, el uso de recursos y que el
manejo de las telecomunicaciones sea realizado por PETROTELECOM,
Gon a integracin de ias redes de telecomunicaciones de PETROECUADOR se

conseguir unir esfuerzos e infraestructura en forma ms planificada, alcanzar
una mejor coordinacin de actividades, establecer una visin de desarrollo del
rea de telecomunicaciones a corto y mediano plazo, compartir los proyectos en
el sector de ias telecomunicaciones y a eapaeifaein sobre ias nuevas
tecnologas de las telecornunipacipnes y la informacin para apoyar con. mayor
eficiencia la actividad petrolera en beneficio del pas.
7.1 CONCLUSIONES
7.1.1 DE DISEO DE LA PROPUESTA DE RED
Para realizar el diseo de la propuesta de red fue necesario realizar un

anlisis de la infraestructura, que posee PETRQECUADQR y sus filiales.,
con el fin de identificar los principales componentes que se podran
reutiizar
El diseo de red propuesto en el presente proyecto permite que las redes

der telecomunicaciones, de las filiales de PETRQECUADQR se. enlacen
agilitando y mejorando la comunicacin entre ellas, dando a los usuarios la
posibilidad de compartir recursos, intercambiar informacin y tener acceso
a nuevos servicios como videoconferencia y VolP.
La arquitectura de anillo SDH utilizada para el baekbone de la red

proporciona mayor seguridad y proteccin contra eventuales fallos de una
conexin, ya que si ocurriera una falla o una rotura de fibra, el trfico podra
ser conmutado a una ruta alternativa, de modo que ei usuario fina Tr
sufriera interrupcin alguna en ef servicio.
El anillo de fibra ptica y tecnologa IP/SDH propuestos para !a red

amplan de., manera considerable, la capacidad de transmisin, actual, lo que
ayudar a mejorar los servicios nuevos y existentes.
La ventaja del diseo de la propuesta de red en tres capas es la facilidad

de ampliacin ya que la red puede aumentar (le tamao .sin sacrificar el
control o facilidad de administracin por tanto otras entidades como el
Ministerio de Energa y Minas, Presidencia de la Repblica, SENATEL,
CONATEL, FODETEL se pueden unir a la red con el fin de facilitar
procesos de. trmites con el SISTEMA PETRQECUADQR.
La aplicacin del Sistema de Soporte de Operaciones (OSS) en la

propuesta de red permite la gestin de todos los elementos pertenecientes
al ncleo, extremos y acceso de la, red, por separado simultneamente,
adems la arquitectura CORBA incorporada al OSS posibilita la
mferconectividad y la comunicacin entre redes de telecomunicaciones y
sistemas .operativos heterogneos.
En el presente Proyecto, en la parte concerniente al direccionamiento IP,

se ha considerado una direccin privada Oase B, 172.18.0. Q que cpn ia
ayuda de VLSM permite optimizar las direcciones de red.
El diseo de la propuesta de red est planificado de tal forma que se

cubran Jas necesidades de los usuarios desde e primer da de su
funcionamiento hasta los siguientes tres aos, periodo durante el cul no
se necesitaran realizar cambios sustanciales en la red.
7.1.2 DE NDOLE TECNOLOGA
Para el diseo realizado en el presente proyecto se analizaron las

tecnologas IP/ATM e IP/SDH de las cuales se escogi la tecnologa,
IP/SDH porque garantiza la expansin y escalabilidad de la red, la
implementacin de nuevas aplicaciones a futuro con requerimientos ms
exigentes en cuanto a ancho de banda y adems se consider el
compromiso de crear algo nuevo y sacar provecho de lo anterior.
El diseo de la propuesta de red est acorde a la tecnologa actual para la

que se presentan varias alternativas de proveedores ce equipos de, ios
cules en funcin de varios aspectos se selecciona los ms adecuados
buscando de esta manera resolver las necesidades que tienen los usuarios
de! SISTEMA PETROECUADOR.
La fibra ptica como medio fsico para el anillo SDH ofrece ventajas
indiscutibles como mayor capacidad de portar trfico io que conduce a una
disminucin de los costos asociados al transporte de trfico, alta velocidad
al navegar por Internet, as como inmunidades al ruido e interferencia,
reducidas dimensiones y peso, y sobre todo su compatibilidad con la
tecnplpga digital,
Con el servicio de videoconferencia el SISTEMA PETROECUADOR podr

mejorar la productividad al reunir a las perspnas .adecuadas .en, el mpmentp
que se necesita, lo que representara menor gasto de tiempo y dinero al
evitar continuos desplazamientos, y mayor rapidez y agilidad en la toma de
decisiones,
E servicio de VolP que se brindar con la nueva red generar ahorros al

utilizar una infraestructura nica para voz y datos, mejorar ja escalabilidad
empleando componentes de redes de datos estndares.
=* ft aspecto importante que se tom en cuenta en el diseo de la red fue la
proteccin contra ataques externos para lo cual se tiene ei firewall de
hardware Cisco PIX 515E y una zona desmilitarizada (DMZ) que posibilita
que el SISTEMA PETROECUADOR ponga la informacin y los servicios a
disposicin de los usuarios del exterior dentro de un entorno seguro y
controlado.
7.1.3 DE LA ESTRUCTURA DE ORGANIZACIN DE PETROTELECOM
La propuesta de red estar a cargo de PETROTELECOM empresa que se

crear a partir .d.e la unificacin de las recles de telecomunicaciones del
SISTEMA PETROECUADOR, y se encargar exclusivamente del manejo
de las telecomunicaciones, para lo cual se sugiere una estructura bsica
organizaeional donde fas telecomunicaciones que son primordiales para -e
desarrollo del pas ocupan un lugar importante dentro de
PETROECUADOR,
La propuesta de la estructura bsica de organizacin para

PETROTELECOM tiene beneficios importantes como 1.a. unificacin de las
Unidades de Telecomunicaciones y Sistemas con lo que se obtendra
mayor eficiencia y coordinacin, y la eliminacin de la burocracia lo que
facilitara el desarrollo de proyectos de telecomunicaciones para ef
SISTEMA PETROECUADOR
Inieialmente PETROTELECOM no contara con infraestructura fsica propia

por lo que funcionara en las instaJacipnes que ocupan actualmente Jas
Unidades de Telecomunicaciones y Sistemas de las filiales de
PETROECUADOR.
7.1.4 DE NDOLE ECONMICA
Actualmente el presupuesto designado para l rea de

Telecomunicaciones y Sistemas se lo realiza por filiales mientras que para
? "proyecto planteado PETROECUADOR designara un nico presupuesto
para el desarrollo de proyectos de Telecomunicaciones el cual ser,
utilizado con mayor eficiencia ya que beneficiara a todo el SISTEMA
PETROECUADOR.
La optimzacin de ios recursos existentes en fas redes de

telecomunicaciones de PETROECUADOR y sus. filiales es importante ya
que reduce el impacto econmico que acarrea la implementacin de una
red. Entre los elementos a ser reutilizados se encuentran los enlaces
inalmbricos y equipos de conmutacin y enrutamiento.
El excedente de ancho de banda que se tiene con la propuesta de red se

podra alquilar a empresas privadas en forma comercial lo cuaJ resultara
beneficioso para el SISTEMA PETROECUADOR.
En 1a propuesta de red no se utiliza el enlace inalmbrico La Tribuna -

Pichincha Lo que representara un beneficio eponpmico ya que no se
pagara a la SENATEL el costo por la utilizacin de la frecuencia asignada
a dicho enlace.
El personal tcnico que trabaja actualmente en PETROECUADOR y sus

filiaes est conformado por 67 personas mientras que con la estructura
bsica de organizacin propuesta para PETROTELECOM eL personal
tcnico que se encargar del funcionamiento de la red del SISTEMA
PETRQECUADOR estara formado por 32 personas. Lo que implica una
reduccin significativa en lo que se refiere a .sueldos.
Con lo mencionado anteriormente se puede determinar que los beneficios

econmicos de PETBQECUADQR, en el rea de Telecomunicaciones a
futuro seran significativos.
T.2 RECOMENDACIONES
Se recomienda el desarrollo de este proyecto, ya que permitir mejorar los

servicios de telecomunicaciones y acceder a nuevos servicios satisfaciendo
los requerimientos de los usuarios del SISTEMA PETROECUADOR.
Se recomienda a fos Jefes de las Unidades de Telecomunicaciones la

prpnta creacin de PETRQTELECQISA para que de esta manera la Unidad
de Telecomunicaciones y Sistemas pueda trabajar conjuntamente, evitando
duplicidad de funciones y de esta manera aprovechar recursos humanos y
econmicos para beneficio de PETROECUADOR y por ende para e
desarrollo del pas.
Se debera llevara cabo la implementaein de la propuesta de red aun s a

creacin de PETROTELECOM no fuese posible ya que es muy importante
superar los problemas existentes de comunicacin del SISTEMA
PETROECUADOR utilizando tecnologas actuales, porque frente a la
Cambiante tecnologa que se ha desarrollado en el mundo
PETRQE&UADQR no puede quedarse atrs, tiene que mantenerse a la
vanguardia y ser cada vez mejor sin olvidarse que uno de los ms
importantes parmetros para medir el estado de desarrollo tecnolgico de
las empresas es e estado de sus comunicaciones.
Resultara necesaria la automatizacin del SISTEMA PETROECUADOR al

tener maypr prpduecipn petrolera y de derivados hidrp.carburifer.ojs, para ip
cual sera imprescindible una mayor infraestructura y participacin del rea
de Telecomunicaciones para realizar y ejecutar proyectos que permitan
cumplir fos requerimientos que la actividad petroera lo exija.
La instalacin de los equipos y el tendido areo del cable de fibra ptica

deben, ser realizados por persona! calificado, ya que es necesario cumplir
con todas las especificaciones y normas tcnicas dadas por el fabricante
para obtener los parmetros adecuados para el buen desempeo de la red.
Se debe considerar que al instalar la nueva red va a existir una suspensin

momentnea de la informacin para lo cual debern tomarse las medidas
preventivas necesarias.
Se recomienda a PETROECUADOR la capacitacin constante del

personal, usuarios de la red y tcnicos porque es la mejor forma de
garantizar el uso correcto de todos elementos de la red.
Si existe inters de que se mplemente el proyecto se recomienda realizar

un estudio ms profundo en lo que se refiere a la estructura y creacin de
una empresa de telecomunicaciones lo que podra constituir un nuevo
proyecto de titulacin.
BIBLIOGRAFA
Textos
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edicin. Prentice Hall, 2002.
* TANENBAUM, Andrew. Redes de computadoras. Cuarta Edicin.

Prentice Hall, 2003.
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Quinta Edicin. Deusto. 1975.
* KILLEN, Harold B. Fiberoptic Communications. Prentice Hall. 1991.
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diseo de redes digitales y analgicas. Limusa. 1995.
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datos para el Municipio de Santo Domingo y criterios para su
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http://www.uit.co.uk/cso/pdf/p515e_ds.pdf
* VolP.
http://www.robertoares.com.ar/interest.htm
* VIDEOCONFERENCIA SOBRE IP
http://wvw.siemon.com/la/whitejapers/SD-03-04A/ideo~IP.asp
* VSX3000.
http://www.polycom.com/common/pw_cmp__updateDocKeywords/0J1687]
3054.00.pdf.
* VSX7000s,
http://www.teamsolutions.co.uk/acrobaWSX7000sjDct05.pdf.
* PCS-TL50.
http://www.sony.ca/vdcon/files/PCSTL50_brochure.pdf
ir ALCATEL 5620 OSS INTEGRATION SOLUTION.
http://www.alcatel.com/products/productCollateralList.jhtml7productRepl
D=/com/en/appxml/opgproduct/alcate5620oss.jhtml
* NETOPTIMIZE OPERATIONS SUPPORT SYSTEM
http://www.acterna.com/france/products/descriptions/NetOptimizeCM/ind
ex. htm I
* BACKBONE IP/SDH
http://www.mailxmail.com/curso/informatica/sdh/capitulo7.htm
http://www.telefonica.es/.../pdf/publicacones/telecomunicaconesng/capt
ulos/06_la_red_de_transito.pdf
http://www.monografias.com/trabajos10/sonet/sonet.shtml
http://www.cec.uchile.cl/~jsandova/ei64e/clases/sdh.pdf
* IP/ATM.
http://www.telefonica.es/.../pdf/publicaciones/telecomunicacionesng/capit
ulos/06Ja_red_de_transito.pdf
http://www.uv.es/~montanan/ampliacion/amplif_J.ppt
http://www.cttc.es/profiles/cpinart/publications_cpinart.htm
* ROUTER CISCO, FIREWALL, TARJETAS DE INTERFAZ Y PUERTOS
ADAPTADORES.
http://www.questsys.com/casave_cisco.html,
http://tecun.cimex.com,cu/tecun/interes/CISCO_WE.DOC
http://www.msncomm.com/Ciscopricing.htm
* MOVILIZACIN AREA.
http://www.tame.com.ec/tame/tarifas/default.asp?action=Consulta
* MOVILIZACIN TERRESTRE.
http://www.petrocomercial.com/pages/infprod.asp?inf=precios8
$ GLOSARIO DE TRMINOS
AAA: (Authentication, Authorization, Accounting; Autenticacin, Autorizacin,

Contabilidad)
Sistema en redes IP para conocer a qu recursos informticos tiene acceso el
usuario y rastrear la actividad del usuario en la red.
AAL5:
(ATM Adaptation Layer 5, Capa Adaptacin ATM 5)
* ACIMUT:
ngulo formado por el meridiano que pasa por la estacin en que se efecta la
medicin con la direccin de la estacin escuchada, los acimut se miden a partir
del norte geogrfico, en sentido de las agujas del reloj.
ACU: (Antena Couple Unit, Unidad acopladura de antena)
ADM: (Add/Drop Multiplexer, Multiplexor Insercin/Extraccin)

Permiten insertar o extraer seales plesicronas y sncronas de menor velocidad
binaria en el flujo de datos SDH de alta velocidad,
ADSL: (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line, Lnea Digital del Suscriptor

Asimtrica)
Una de las cuatro tecnologas DSL. ADSL entrega mayor ancho de banda hacia
abajo (desde la oficina central al lugar del cliente) que hacia arriba (desde el lugar
del cliente a la oficina central). Las tasas hacia abajo oscilan entre 1.5 a 9 Mbps,
mientras que el ancho de banda hacia arriba oscila entre 16 a 640 kbps. Las
transmisiones a travs de ADSL funcionan a distancias de hasta 5.488 metros
sobre un nico par de cobre trenzado.
AES: (Advanced Encryption Standard, Estndar de Encriptacin Avanzada)

^ Seguridad durante las llamadas de videoconferencia.
ARP: (Address Resolution Protocol, Protocolo de Resolucin de Direcciones,)
Protocolo de Internet que se utiliza para asignar una direccin IP a una direccin
MAC. Se define en RFC 826.
AS/NZ 3260:
Seguridad elctrica
ATM: (Asynchronous Transfer Mode, Modo de Transferencia Asincrnico)

Estndar internacional para relay de celdas en el que varios tipos de servicios (por
ejemplo, transmisin de voz, vdeo o datos) se transmiten en celdas de longitud
fija (53 bytes). Las celdas de longitud fija permiten que el procesamiento de las
celdas se produzca en el hardware, reduciendo as los retardos de trnsito. ATM
se encuentra diseado para aprovechar los medios de transmisin de alta
velocidad como E3, SONET y T3.
BER: ( Bits Error Rate, Tasa de Bits Errados)

Tasa de errores de transmisin medida entre el nmero de bits con error
comparados con el total de bits transmitidos.
BGP: (Border Gateway Protocol, Protocolo de Gateway Fronterizo )

Protocolo de enrutamiento interdominios que reemplaza a EGP. BGP intercambia
informacin de accesibilidad con otros sistemas BGP y se define en RFC 1163.
B-ISDN: (Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network, Red Digital de Servicios

Integrados de Banda ancha)
Es un sistema capaz de proporcionar velocidades de transmisin superiores a las
velocidades primarias de ISDN (1.5 o 2 Mbps).
BOOTP: (Bootstrap Protocol, Protocolo de Arranque)

Protocolo usado por un nodo de red para determinar la direccin IP de sus
nterfaces Ethernet para afectar al inicio de la red.
BPD:
Barriles por da.
BSC: (Binary Synchronous Communications, Comunicaciones Sincrnicas

Binarias)
CAE: Corporacin Aduanera Ecuatoriana
CCITT: (Consultative Committee for International Telephony and Telegraphy,

Comit de Consultora Internacional para Telefona y Telegrafa)
Organizacin internacional responsable por el desarrollo de estndares de
comunicacin. Actualmente ha pasado a llamarse ITU-T,,
CELL - TAX:
Gravamen de celda
CHAP: (Challenge Handshake Authentication Protoco!, Protocolo de autenticacin

de intercambio de seales)
Funcin de seguridad utilizada en lneas que usan el encapsulamiento PPP para
evitar e! acceso no autorizado. CHAP no impide por s mismo el acceso no
autorizado, pero s identifica el extremo remoto; el router o servidor de acceso
determina entonces si se permite el acceso a ese usuario.
CODEC: (Coder/Decoder, Codificador/Decodificador)
CONATEL:
Consejo Nacional de Telecomunicaciones
CSA: (Canadian Standards Association, Asociacin Canadiense de Estndares)
CSA 22.2 No. 950:

Tecnologa de la informacin & Equipo empresarial
CSA Class A, VCCI Class 2:
Certificaciones de Interferencia electromagntica (EMI).
CSU/DSU: (Channe! Service Unit/ Data Service Unit, Unidad de Servicio de

Canal/Unidad de Servicio de Datos)
Dispositivo de interfaz digital que conecta el equipamiento del usuario final al par
telefnico digital local.
DHCP: (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, Protocolo de Configuracin

Dinmica del Host)
Protocolo que proporciona un mecanismo para asignar direcciones IP de forma
dinmica, de modo que las direcciones se pueden reutilizar automticamente
cuando los hosts ya no las necesitan.
DNS: (Domain ame System, Sistema de Nombres de Dominio)

Sistema utilizado en Internet para convertir los nombres de los nodos de red en
direcciones.
DRAM: ( Dynamic RAM, RAM Dinmica)
DTI: (Digital Trunk Interface, Interfaz Troncal Digital)
E&M: (Exchange & Mltiplex)

Se denomina hilo M al hilo de transmisin (salida de central) y E al hilo de
recepcin (entrada a central).
E1:
Esquema de transmisin digital de rea amplia utilizado especialmente en
Europa, que lleva datos a una velocidad de 2,048 Mbps. Las lneas E1 pueden ser
dedicadas para el uso privado de carriers comunes.
EIA: (Electronic Industries Association, Asociacin de Industrias Electrnicas)

Grupo que especifica los estndares de transmisiones elctricas. EIA y TA han
desarrollado en conjunto numerosos estndares de comunicacin de amplia
difusin, como EIA/TIA-232 y EIAyTIA-449.
EIGRP: (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol, Protocolo de enrutamiento

de gateway interior extendido)
Versin avanzada de IGRP desarrollada por Cisco, Ofrece propiedades de
convergencia y eficacia operativa superiores, y combina las ventajas de los
protocolos del estado de enlace con las de los protocolos por vector distancia.
EN: (European Norms, Normas Europeas)
EN41003:
Requisitos de seguridad elctricos.
EN55022 Class B;
Emisin electromagntica
EN60950:
Tecnologa de la informacin & Equipo empresarial
ETHERNET:
El mtodo de conexin ms comn en las redes de rea local, LANs. En el caso
de Ethernet, todas las estaciones del segmento comparten el ancho de banda
total, que es 10 megabits por segundo (Mbps), 100 Mbps para Fast Ethernet, o
1000 Mbps para Gigabit Ethernet.
ETSI: (European Telecommunications Standards Institute, Instituto Europeo de

Estndares de Telecomunicaciones)
Cuerpo de estandardizacin que tiene una buena experiencia en la
estandardizacin de los sistemas de la telecomunicacin para las redes y los
servicios fijos y mviles, difusin de TV as como para tecnologas de informacin.
FCC: (Federal Communications Comission, Comisin Federal de
Comunicaciones)
FCC Class A, AS/NRZ 3548 Class A:

Conformidad con compatibilidad electromagntica (Radiacin)
FEC: (Forward Error Correction, Correccin de Errores a Posteriori)

Es un protocolo utilizado para corregir errores en una transmisin. Este se utiliza
en sistemas sin retorno o sistemas en tiempo real donde no se puede esperar a la
retransmisin para mostrar los datos,
FODETEL:
Fondo de Desarrollo de Telecomunicaciones.
FRAME RELAY:
Tecnologa de red orientada a conexin basada en conmutacin de paquetes y
multiplexaje estadstico,
FTP: (File Transfer Protocol, Protocolo de Transferencia de Archivos)

Protocolo de aplicacin, parte de la pila de protocolo TCP/IP, utilizado para
transferir archivos entre nodos de red. FTP se define en la RFC 959.
FXO: (Foreing Exchange Office, Oficina de Centra! Extranjera)

Interfaz en un dispositivo de VolP para conectar con una extensin anloga del
PBX.
FXS: (Foreing Exchange Subscriber, Abonado de Central Extranjera)

Es el interfaz en un dispositivo de VolP para conectar directamente con los
telfonos, los faxes, y los puertos de la Oficina Central en un PBX o sistemas de
telfono dominante.
G.711: Modulacin por Codificacin de Pulsos (PCM) de las Frecuencias de Voz.

Describe la codificacin de audio de 3.1 khz en un canal digital de 64 kbps.
G.722: Codificacin de Audio de 7 Khz. en 64 kbps.
Describe el uso de la modulacin adaptativa diferencial de pulsos para transmitir
audio de alta calidad 7 Khz. en 48, 56 o 64 kbps. Este recomendacin
tambin permite la transmisin de datos a 16 kbps sobre un canal de 64 kbps, con
los 48 kbps restantes para audio.
G.722.1
Estndar de la ITU-T para codees de voz que comprime las seales de audio
entre los 50Hz y 7Khz en 24 o 32 Kbps.
G.728: 16 kbps/Low Delay CELP

La recomendacin G.728 describe el mtodo para la codificacin de audio que
permite una calidad prxima a 3.1 Khz. (PCM), usando 16 kbps de ancho de
banda.
G.729:
Es un estndar internacional que se adapta muy bien a la compresin de los flujos
de estndar de 64 Kbps de los canales PCM usados tpicamente para la
transmisin de voz, consiguiendo un resultado tan bajo como 8 Kbps.
GATEWAY:
Dispositivo utilizado para conectar diferentes tipos de ambientes operativos.
GRE: (Generic Routing Encapsulation, Encapsulacin de Enrutamiento Genrico)
H.221: Estructura de trama para un canal de 64 a 1920 kbits/s en Teleservicios

Audio Visuales.
Define un protocolo de trama que permite la divisin de un canal de transmisin
en subcanales para voz, vdeo, datos y seales de control.
H.225:
Es un protocolo montado sobre TCP encargado del control de la llamada:
sealizacin, registro y admisin, y sincronizacin del flujo de voz.
H.231: Unidad de Control Multipunto para Sistemas Audiovisuales usando
Canales Digitales de hasta 2 Mbps.
Describe la configuracin de red para una Unidad de Control Multipunto y
proporciona un esquema de la misma con una breve descripcin de cada
elemento.
H.243: Procedimiento MCU para Establecer la Comunicacin entre Tres o Ms

Terminales Audiovisuales usando Canales Digitales de hasta 2 Mbps.
Describe el procedimiento y funcionamiento para comunicaciones multipunto.
H.245:
Montado sobre TCP, contiene procedimientos de sealizacin de los canales
lgicos. Estos procedimientos se proporcionan para fijar las prestaciones del
emisor y receptor, tipo de codificacin, apertura y cierre de canales lgicos, etc.
H.261: Codificacin de Vdeo para Servicio Audiovisuales a p x 64 kbps.

Describe el mtodo de compresin de la seal de vdeo para transmisin sobre
medios digitales. Tambin especifica el rango de velocidades utilizables para
transportar la informacin de vdeo.
H.263:
Estndar de compresin de vdeo definido por la ITU, diseado para las
comunicaciones de bajo bitrate como la teleconferencia o la videofona
H.264:
Estndar de la ITU-T para la compresin de video a una mayor calidad en
condiciones de bajo ancho de banda.
H.320:
Estndar de la ITU-T para la videoconferencia en redes digitales como ISDN y
enlaces dedicados E1 y TI.
1*^
y HDLC: ( High Level Data Link Control .Control de Enlace de Datos de Alto Nivel)
Protocolo sncrono de la capa de enlace de datos, orientado a bit, desarrollado
por ISO. HDLC especifica un mtodo de encapsulamiento de datos en enlaces
sncronos seriales que utiliza caracteres de trama y sumas de comprobacin.
HSRP: (Hot Standby Router Protocol)
HSSI: (High Speed Serial Interface, Interfaz Serial de Alta Velocidad)
ICMP: (Internet Control Message Protocol, Protocolo de Mensajes de Control en

. Internet)
Protocolo Internet de capa de red que informa errores y brinda informacin
relativa al procesamiento de paquetes IP. Documentado en RFC 792.
IEC: (International Electrotechnical Comission, Comisin Electrotcnica

Internacional)
Grupo industrial que escribe y distribuye estndares para productos y
componentes elctricos.
IEC-1000-3-2:
Emisiones de corriente armnica.
* IEC 1000-4-2:
Inmunidad a descargas electrostticas
EC 10004-3:
Inmunidad a campos radiados de RF
IEC 1000-4-4:
Inmunidad a rfagas de transitorios
IEC 10004-5:
| Inmunidad a impulsos
IEC-1000-4-6:
Inmunidad a ruido conducido
IEC-1000-4-11:
Inmunidad a microcortes y fluctuaciones de tensin y frecuencia
IEEE: (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Instituto de Ingenieros

Elctricos y Electrnicos)
Organizacin profesional cuyas actividades incluyen el desarrollo de estndares
de comunicaciones y redes. Los estndares de LAN de IEEE son los estndares
de mayor importancia para las LAN de la actualidad.
IEEE802.11b:
Estndar dominante de WLAN (conocido tambin como Wi-Fi) que soporta
velocidades de hasta 11 Mbps en la banda de 2.4 GHz
IEEE802.11g:
Estndar q utiliza la banda de 2.4Ghz pero opera a una velocidad terica mxima
de 54 Mbps, o cerca de 24.7 Mbps de velocidad real de transferencia.
IEEE802.1q:
Manejo de redes LAN virtuales (VLAN).
IEEE 802.3z:
Especificaciones Gigabit Ethernet: Parmetros para operacin a IQOOMbps
IETF: (Internet Engineering Task Forc, Fuerza de Tareas de Ingeniera de

Internet)
Fuerza de tareas compuesta por ms de 80 grupos de trabajo responsables por el
desarrollo de estndares de Internet IETF opera bajo el auspicio de ISOC.
IGMP: (Internet Group Management Protocol, Protocolo De Administracin de
Grupo de Internet)
Utilizado por 1P recibe para divulgar sus calidades de miembro de grupo del
multicast a una rebajadora adyacente del multicast.
IGRP: (Interior Gateway Routing Protocol, Protocolo de enrutamiento de gateway

interior)
Protocolo desarrollado por Cisco para tratar los problemas asociados con el
enrutamiento en redes heterogneas de gran envergadura
IP: (Internet Protocol, Protocolo Internet)

Protocolo de capa de red de la pila TCP/1 P que ofrece un servicio de nternetwork
de redes no orientado a conexin. El IP brinda funciones de direccionamiento,
especificacin del tipo de servicio, fragmentacin y reensamblaje, y seguridad. Se
define en RFC 791. IPv4 (Protocolo Internet versin 4) es un protocolo de
conmutacin no orientado a conexin de mximo esfuerzo,
IPCP: (Internet Protocol Control Protocol, Protocolo Control Protocolo Internet)

IPCP es responsable de configurar, de permitir, y de inhabilitar los mdulos del
protocolo del IP en ambos extremos del punto para sealar acoplamiento.
IPSec: (Internet Protocol Secure, Seguridad IP)

Es un protocolo de seguridad creado para establecer comunicaciones que
proporcionen confidencialidad e integridad de los paquetes que se transmiten a
travs de internet.
IPv6: (IP versin 6)

Reemplazo de la versin actual de IP (versin 4). IPv6 brinda soporte para
identificacin de flujo en el encabezado del paquete, que se puede usar para
identificar flujos. Anteriormente denominado IPng (IP de prxima generacin).
IPX: (Inter-network Packet eXchange, Intercambio de Paquetes de Internetwork)
Protocolo de capa de red de NetWare utilizado para transferir datos desde los
servidores a las estaciones de trabajo. IPX es similar a IP y XNS.
ISDN: (Integrated Services Digital Network, Red Digital de Servicios Integrados)

Tambin llamada RDSI. Juego de normas de la transmisin a gran velocidad de
informacin simultnea de voz, datos e informacin a travs de menos canales de
los que seran necesarios de otro modo, mediante el uso de la sealizacin fuera
de banda.
ISDN-BRI: (Basic Rate ISDN, Interfaz de Acceso Bsico ISDN)

Compuesta por dos canales B y un canal D para la comunicacin por un circuito
conmutado de voz, vdeo y datos.
ISDN-PRI: (Primary Rate ISDN, Interfaz de Acceso Principal ISDN)

El acceso principal consta de un canal D nico de 64 Kbps ms 23 canales B (T1)
o 30 canales B (E1) para voz o datos.
IS-IS: (Intermedate System to Intermedate SystemSistema Intermedio a Sistema

Intermedio)
Protocolo de enrutamiento jerrquico de estado de enlace OSI basado en el
enrutamiento DECnet Fase V, en el que los IS (routers) intercambian informacin
de enrutamiento con base en una mtrica nica para determinar la topologa de la
red.
ISO: (International Organization for Standarization, Organizacin Internacional de

Estandarizacin)
ITU-T: (Internacional Telecommunications Unit Telecomunications, Unin

Internacional de TelecomunicacionesTelecomunicaciones)
Antiguamente denominado Comit Consultivo Internacional Telegrfico y
Telefnico (CCITT), una organizacin internacional que desarrolla estndares de
comunicacin.
ITU-T G.707:
Interfaz del nodo de red para la jerarqua digital sncrona (SDH)
ITU-T G.826:
Parmetros y objetivos internacionales para la optimzacin extremo a extremo,
conexiones y trayectorias digitales de tasa de bits constante.
ITU-T G.828:
Parmetros y objetivos internacionales para optimzacin de errores, trayectorias
digitales sncronas de tasa de bits constante.
ITU-T G.7041:
Procedimiento de entramado genrico.
ITU-T G.7042:
Esquema de ajuste de capacidad de enlace para seales concatenadas virtuales.
L2TP: (Layer2 Tunneng Protocol, Protocolo de tnel de capa 2)

Facilita el entunelamiento de paquetes PPP a travs de una red de manera tal
que sea lo ms transparente posible a los usuarios de ambos extremos del tnel y
para ias aplicaciones que stos corran.
LAN: (Local rea Network , Red de rea Local)

Red de datos de alta velocidad y bajo nivel de errores que cubre un rea
geogrfica relativamente pequea (hasta unos pocos miles de metros). Las LAN
conectan estaciones de trabajo, perifricos, terminales y otros dispositivos en un
solo edificio u otra rea geogrficamente limitada. Los estndares de LAN
especifican el cableado y sealizacin en las capas fsicas y de enlace de datos
del modelo OSI. Ethernet, FDDI y Token Ring son tecnologas LAN ampliamente
utilizadas.
LLC:(Logical Link Control, Control de Enlace Lgico)
La ms alta de las dos subcapas de enlace de datos definidas por el IEEE. La
subcapa LLC maneja el control de errores, control del flujo, entramado y
direccionamiento de subcapa MAC. El protocolo LLC ms generalizado es IEEE
802.2, que incluye variantes no orientado a conexin y orientadas a conexin.
Parte de la cabecera LLC/SNAP del IEEE usada para identificar el tipo de un
paquete. La cabecera completa es de 8 octetos, de los que la parte LLC ocupa los
primeros tres.
MAC: (Media Access Control, Control de Acceso al Medio)

Parte de la capa de enlace de datos que incluye la direccin de 6 bytes (48 bits)
del origen y del destino, y el mtodo para obtener permiso para transmitir. Ver
tambin capa de enlace de datos y LLC.
MPLS: (Multiprotocol Label Switching, Conmutacin de etiquetas multiprotocolo)

MPLS es un estndar de la industria sobre el cual se basa la conmutacin
(switching) de etiquetas, las cuales identifican los diferentes tipos de informacin
sobre la red. La tecnologa MPLS le permite a un proveedor de servicio montar
sobre su red servicios diferenciados a los cuales se tiene acceso a travs del
protocolo IP. MPLS permite que los usuarios tengan acceso a la red y se
"matriculen" a algunos servicios especficos, sin que esto implique tener acceso a
toda la red, es decir que se garantiza la privacidad y seguridad de la Informacin
medante la creacin de redes virtuales privadas, VPNs.
MSP 1+1: (Multiplex Section Protection, Proteccin de Seccin de Multiplexacin)

Proteccin MSP 1+1, el trfico es inicialmente enviado tanto por la ruta activa
como por la ruta de proteccin. Si se detecta una prdida de trfico, en el extremo
receptor se comienza un proceso de conmutacin hacia el camino de proteccin.
No hay necesidad de enviar sealizacin hacia atrs, aunque de todos modos, la
seccin de standby no puede ser utilizada para otro trfico presentando unos altos
requerimientos de capacidad de fibra.
NAT: (Network Ardes Traduction, Traduccin de Direcciones de Red) Mecanismo
que reduce la necesidad de tener direcciones IP exclusivas globales. NAT permite
que las organizaciones cuyas direcciones no son globalmente exclusivas se
conecten a la Internet transformando esas direcciones en espacio de
direccionamiento enrutable global. Tambin denominado traductor de direccin de
red.
OQPSK: (Off Set Quadrature Phase Shift Keying, Conmutacin de Fase en

Cuadratura Desplazada)
OSI: (Opened Systems Interconnection, Interconexin de Sistemas Abiertos) Es el

modelo del estndar ISO para la definicin de comunicaciones de datos.
OSPF: (Open Shortest Path First, Primero la ruta libre ms corta)

Protocolo de enrutamiento por estado de enlace jerrquico, que se ha propuesto
como sucesor de RIP en la comunidad de Internet Entre las caractersticas de
OSPF se incluyen el enrutamiento de menor costo, el enrutamiento de mltiples
rutas, y el balanceo de carga.
OSS:(Operations Support System, Sistema de Soporte de Operaciones)
PAP: (Password Authentication Protocol, Protocolo de Autenticacin de

Contrasea)
Protocolo de autenticacin que permite que los PPP iguales se autentiquen entre
s. El router remoto que intenta conectarse al router local debe enviar una peticin
de autenticacin A diferencia de CHAP, PAP pasa la contrasea y el nombre de
host o nombre de usuario sin cifrar. PAP no evita el acceso no autorizado, sino
que identifica el extremo remoto, el router o el servidor de acceso y determina s a
ese usuario se le permite el acceso. PAP es compatible slo con las lneas PPP.
PBX: (Prvate Branch Exchange, Central Telefnica Privada)

Conmutador de un telfono analgico o digital ubicado en las instalaciones del
suscriptor y que se usa para conectar redes telefnicas privadas y pblicas.
PCMCIA: (Personal Computer Memory Card International Association, Asociacin
de la Industria de fabricantes de Hardware para Ordenadores o Computadoras
porttiles)
PCO:
Petrocomercial
PDH: (Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy, Jerarqua Digital Plesicrona)

La jerarqua digital plesicrona consiste en una serie de multiplexaciones de
seales provenientes de fuentes distintas, para as formar una seal comn con
una tasa de bit superior
PiM-DM: (Personal Information Manager - Desktop Management, Administrador

Personal de Informacin, Administrador de Escritorio)
PIM-SM: (Personal Information Manager- Server Manager, Administrador

Personal de Informacin, Administrador Servidor)
PIN:
Petroindustrial
PPP: (Point to Point Protocol, Protocolo Punto a Punto)

Sucesor del SLIP, un protocolo que suministra conexiones router a router y host a
red a travs de circuitos sncronos y asincronos.
PPR:
Petroproduccin
PTEL:
Petrotelecom
QAM: (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation, Modulacin de Amplitud en

Cuadratura)
QoS: (Quality of Service, Calidad de servicio)
Medida de desempeo de un sistema de transmisin que refleja su calidad de
transmisin y disponibilidad de servicio.
QPSK: (Quadrature Phase Shft Keying, Conmutacin de Fase en Cuadratura )
RADIUS: ( Remote Authentication Dial In User Service, Servicio Remoto de

Autenticacin de Usuario Dial In)
Sistema de autenticacin y contabilidad empleado por la mayora de proveedores
de servicios de Internet (ISPs) si bien no se trata de un estndar oficial. Cuando el
usuario realiza una conexin a su ISP debe introducir su nombre de usuario y
contrasea, informacin que pasa a un servidor RADIUS que chequear que la
informacin es correcta y autorizar el acceso al sistema del ISP s es as.
RAM: (Random Access Memory, Memoria de Acceso Aleatorio)
REED-SOLOMON:
El cdigo Reed-Solomon definido es el sistemtico RS(204,188,8) lo que quiere
decir que ante una entrada de 188 bytes aade 16 bytes de paridad lo que da un
total de 204 bytes, poseyendo la capacidad de corregir hasta 8 bytes errneos
arbitrarios.
RFC: (Requestfor Comment, Peticin de Comentarios)

Serie de documentos empleada como medio de comunicacin primario para
transmitir informacin acerca de la Internet. Algunas RFC son designadas por el
IAB como estndares de Internet. La mayora de las RFC documentan
especificaciones de protocolos tales como Telnet y FTP, pero algunas son
humorsticas o histricas. Las RFC pueden encontrarse en lnea en distintas
fuentes.
RIP: (Routing Information Protocol, Protocolo de Informacin de Enrutamiento)

Protocolo suministrado con los sistemas BSD de UNIX. El Protocolo de Gateway
Interior (IGP) ms comn de la Internet RIP utiliza el nmero de saltos como
mtrica de enrutamiento.
SDH: ( Synchronous Digital Hierarchy, Jerarqua Digital Sincrnica)

Sistema de transporte digital sincrnico diseado para proveer una infraestructura
para redes de telecomunicaciones.
SDLC: (Synchronous Data Link Control, Control Sncrono del Enlace de Datos)
Protocolo de comunicaciones de capa de enlace de datos de SNA. SDLC es un
protocolo serial de dplex completo orientado a bit que ha dado origen a
numerosos protocolos similares, entre ellos HDLC y LAPB.
SENATEL:
Secretara Nacional de Telecomunicaciones
SLIP: (Serial Line Internet Protocol, Protocolo Internet de lnea serial) Protocolo
estndar para las conexiones seriales punto a punto que utiliza una variacin de
TCP/IP. El antecesor del PPP.
SNA: (Systems Network Architecture, Arquitectura de Sistemas de Red)

Arquitectura de red grande, compleja, con gran cantidad de funciones,
desarrollada en 1970 por IBM. Similar en algunos aspectos al modelo de
referencia OSI, pero con varias diferencias. SNA est compuesto esencialmente
por siete capas. Capa de control de flujo de datos, capa de control de enlace de
datos, capa de control de ruta, capa de control fsico, capa de servicios de
presentacin, capa de servicios de transaccin y capa de control de transmisin.
SNAP: (Subnetwork Attachment Point, Punto de Conexin de Subred)

Parte de la cabecera LLC/SNAP del IEEE usada para identificar el tipo de un
paquete. La cabecera completa es de 8 octetos, de los que la parte del SNAP
ocupa los ltimo cinco.
SNCP: (Subnetwork Connection Protection, Proteccin de Conexin de Subred)
SNCP es similar a camino de proteccin, pero en el cual, el camino de proteccin
dedicado involucra conmutacin en ambos extremos del camino, mientras que la
conmutacin SNCP puede ser iniciada en un extremo de la ruta y llegar hasta un
nodo intermedio.
SNMP: (Simple Network Management Protocol, Protocolo Simple de

Administracin de Redes)
Protocolo de administracin de redes utilizado casi con exclusividad en redes
TCP/IP. El SNMP brinda una forma de monitorear y controlar los dispositivos de
red y de administrar configuraciones, recoleccin de estadsticas, desempeo y
seguridad.
SPU: (Unidad de Tratamiento de Seal)
SRI: Servicio de Rentas Internas.
STM: (Synchronous Transport Module, Mdulo de Transporte Sincrnico)
T1:
Servicio de portadora WAN digital que transmite datos formateados DS-1 a 1,544
Mbps a travs de la red de conmutacin telefnica, usando la codificacin AMl o
B8ZS.
TACAOS: (Sistema de Control de Acceso al Controlador de Acceso a la Terminal)

Protocolo de autenticacin, desarrollado por la comunidad DDN, que suministra
autenticacin de acceso remoto y servicios relacionados, como, por ejemplo, el
registro de eventos. Las contraseas de usuario se administran en una base de
datos central en lugar de administrarse en routers individuales, suministrando una
solucin de segundad de red fcilmente escalable.
TCP: (Transmission Control Protocol, Protocolo de Control de Transmisin)
Protocolo de capa de transporte orientado a conexin que provee una transmisin
confiable de datos de dplex completo. TCP es parte de la pila de protocolo
TCP/IP.
TELNET:
Protocolo de emulacin de terminal estndar de la pila de protocolo TCP/IP.
Telnet se usa para la conexin de terminales remotas, permitiendo que los
usuarios se registren en sistemas remotos y utilicen los recursos como si
estuvieran conectados a un sistema local. Telnet se define en RFC 854.
TFTP: (Trivial File Transfer Protocol, Protocolo de Transferencia de Archivos

Trivial)
Versin simplificada de FTP que permite la transferencia de archivos de un
computador a otro a travs de una red.
TIA:(Telecommunications Industry Association, Asociacin de la Industria de las

Telecomunicaciones)
Organizacin que desarrolla estndares relacionados con las tecnologas de
telecomunicaciones. En conjunto, TA y EIA han formalizado estndares, como
EIA/TIA-232, para las caractersticas elctricas de la transmisin de datos.
TIA/EIA 455-25:
Prueba de impacto de cables de fibra ptica
TIA/EIA 455-41:
Resistencia compresiva de carga de cables de fibra ptica
TIA/EIA 455-81:
Prueba de flujo compuesta para llenado de cable de fibra ptica.
TIA/EIA 455-82:
Prueba de penetracin fluida para bloqueo del lquido en el cable de fibra ptica.
TIA/EIA 455-104:
Prueba cclica doble del cable de fibra ptica.
TMN: (Telecommunications Management Network, Red de Gestin de

Telecomunicaciones)
Es un modelo definido en la serie M.3000 de la ITU-T. Divide a la administracin
de redes en cinco reas funcionales: configuracin, rendimiento, fallas,
contabilidad y seguridad.
TOKEN RING:
Topologa de anillo para redes de rea local basa en el paso del testigo.
UDP: (User Datagram Protocol, Protocolo de Datagrama de Usuario)

Protocolo no orientado a conexin de la capa de transporte de la pila de protocolo
TCP/tP. UDP es un protocolo simple que intercambia datagramas sin
confirmacin o garanta de entrega y que requiere que el procesamiento de
errores y las retransmisiones sean manejados por otros protocolos. UDP se define
en la RFC 768
UL: (Underwriters Laboratorios, Laboratorio de Suscriptores) Europa
UL1950/IEC950:
Seguridad del equipo de la tecnologa de informacin, incluyendo el equipo
elctrico del negocio.
UTM: Universal Transverse Mercator
VLAN: (Virtual LAN, LAN Virtual)

Grupo de dispositivos de una LAN que estn configurados (usando el software de
administracin) de tal modo que se pueden comunicar como si estuvieran
conectados al mismo cable, cuando, en realidad, estn ubicados en una serie de
segmentos de LAN distintos. Debido a que las LAN virtuales estn basadas en
conexiones lgicas en lugar de fsicas, son extremadamente flexibles.
BrtangBTrafficTable
Mximum OHfered Load Versus B and K
Bisin%
N/B 0.01 0.05 0.1 0.5 1.0 2 5 10 15 20 40
1 ,0001 .0005 .0010 .0050 .0101 .0204 .0526 .1111 .1765 ,2500 .4286 .666
2 .0142 .0321 .0458 .1054 .1526 .2235 3S13 .5954 .7962 1.000 1.449 2.00
3 .0868 .1517 .1938 3490 .4555 .6022 ,8994 .27I 1.603 I.930 2,633 3.48
4 .2347 J624 .4393 .7012 .8094 1.092 i.525 2.045 2.501 2.945 3,891 5.02
5 .4520 .6486 .7621 1.132 1361 1.657 2.219 2.88 1 3.454 4.010 5.189 6.59
6 .7282 .9957 1.46 1.622 1.909 2.276 2,960 3.758 4.445 1109 6,514 8.1 9
7 1.054 1.392 1.579 1158 2.50 i 2,935 3.738 4.666 5.461 6.230 7,856 9.80
S .422 t.830 2.05! 2.730 3.128 3.627 4.543 5.597 6.498 7369 9.213 11.4
9 1,326 2302 2.558 3333 3.783 4.345 5370 6.546 7.551 8.522 10.58 13.0
10 2.260 2.803 3.092 3.961 4.461 1084 6.216 7.511 8.616 9,685 11.95 14.6
11 2.722 3.329 3.651 4.610 1160 5.842 7.076 8.487 9.691 10.86 1333 16.3
12 3.207 3.878 4.231 1279 5.S76 6.615 7.950 9.474 10.78 12.04 14.72 17.9
13 3,713 4.447 4.831 5.964 6.607 7.402 S.S35 10.47 11.87 13.22 16.11 19.6
14 4.239 5.032 5.446 6.663 7352 8.200 9.730 11.47 12.97 14.41 17.50 21.2
15 4.781 5.634 6.077 7.376 8.OS 9.0 O (0,63 12.48 14.07 15.61 18.90 22.8
16 1339 6.250 6.722 8.OO 8.875 9.S2S 11.54 13.50 15.18 16.81 2030 24.5
1? 5.9 6.878 7J7S 8.834 9.652 10.66 12,46 1432 16.29 18.01 21.70 26.1
1S 6.496 7.519 S.046 9J7S 10.44 11,49 1339 15.55 17.41 19.22 23.10 27.S
19 7.093 8.170 8.724 1033 3L23 1233 1432 6.58 18.53 20.42 24.51 29.5
20 7.70 1 8.S3 9.412 11.09 12.03 13.18 1125 17.61 19.65 21.64 25.92 31.1
21 8.319 9.501 10.11 11.86 12.84 4.04 16,19 [8,65 20.77 22.85 2733 32.8
22 8.946 O.JS 10.81 12.64 13.65 14.90 J7.I3 19.69 2L90 24.06 2S.74 34.4
23 9.583 10.87 11.52 13.42 14.47 1176 18.08 20,74 23.03 25.28 30.15 36.1
24 10.23 II .56 12.24 14.20 1530 16.63 19.03 21.78 24.16 26.50 31.56 37.7
25 0.88 12,26 12.97 15.00 16.13 17.51 19.99 22,83 2530 27.72 32.97 39.4
26 11,54 12.97 13.70 15.80 16.96 1838 20.94 23.89 26.43 28.94 3439 41.1
t 27 12,21 13.69 14.44 16.60 17.80 19.27 21.90 24,94 27.57 30.16 3180 42.7
28 12,88 14.41 15.18 17.41 1S.64 20,15 22.87 26.00 28,71 3139 37.21 44.4
29 13.56 15.13 15.93 18.22 19.49 21.04 23.83 27.05 29.85 32.61 38.63 46.0
30 14.25 15.86 16.68 19.03 2034 21.93 24.80 28.H 31.00 33,84 40.05 47,7
31 14.94 6.60 17.44 19.85 21.19 2183 2177 29.17 32.14 35.07 41.46 49.4
32 5.63 17.34 18.21 20.68 22.05 23.73 26.75 30.24 33.28 3630 42.8S 51.0
33 16,34 18.09 18.97 21.51 22.91 24.63 27.72 31.30 34.43 37,52 4430 52.7
34 17.04 18.84 19.74 2234 23,77 25.53 28.70 3237 35.58 38,75 45.72 543
35 17.75 19.59 20.52 23.17 24.64 26.44 29.68 33.43 36.72 39,99 47.14 56.0
36 18.47 2035 2UO 24.01 25.51 2734 30.66 34.50 37.87 4.22 48J6 57.7
37 9.I9 21.11 22.08 24.85 2638 28.25 31.64 35.57 39.02 42.45 49.98 593
38 19.9 21.87 22.86 25.69 27.25 29J7 32.62 36.64 40.17 43.68 51.40 61.0
39 20.64 22.64 23.65 26.53 2S.13 30.08 33.6 . 37.72 4132 44.91 52.82 62.6
40 21.37 23.41 24.44 2738 29.01 3 LOO 34.60 38.79 42.48 46,15 54.24 64.3
41 22.11 24.19 25.24 2S.23 29.89 31.92- 3538 39.86 43.63 4738 5166 66.0
42 22.35 24.97 26.04 29.09 30.77 32.84 36.57 40.94 44.78 48.62 57.08 67.6
43 23.59 25.75 26.S4 29.94 31,66 33.76 3737 42,01 4194 49.85 58.50 693
'E' nOl 9*001 l'6 1(T8 C84 89*t' 94'14 8^99 9'W E6*09 06
OKl 0*401 1^66 S076 66*S Kll H'tt W04 19*9 44*9 01*09 63
CW 97E '01 E*86 96*06 678 Se*9 CS7 e6*69 WW "679 *6 88
97M ri?l rfOl 80*46 98'68 6" 18 ?TO 88*14 0*69 879 9079 iK8 8
6'OH S'il reO! I6'6 44*88 e6'08 mi *Q t'89 O0'e9 11*19 E9*4S 98
ret e'8Li O'cOi WW 49*48 16*64 6KE4 ?0'04 Oc"9 H79 f09 64*9 8
9'4EI 6*911 4*001 St6 8*98 6S'S X1L 80'69 6c'99 4e*I9 O'6.c 46' W
&;?ei $y 11 s^;66 i ra sra s" ri ?i ;89 6e;9 ora 9*8 i'& es
97ei 9711 66*96 S0'06 OE'E8 mi 9"69 6c*99 'E9 49'8 C6'9 J'E ^8
6'0ei mi 4'6 !6'3S OE78 E8>4 69'S9 9E*9 9*c9 I8'4 OI'9 697 08
e'6c I 8*601 1 'fr6 fr4'8 11*18 O8'e E4"49 EKW 94*19 F6'9F E' 48" 1 64
K801 9c*e6 8'98 <0'08 67 "99 I fE9 98"09 60*9C 1VK 0' I 84
6'90l E076 l7'^ E6'84 44"L4 18*?9 879 96'6S e^'S 9'E frE'0 4
CKl TO I 8'06 E'W E8'4 4*04 98'W C9'19 C0'6 4C E4'c tt'61 94
9'El l''O '68 SO'eS *L'9L H'69 06T9 e'Q9 l'8 i' 88*I
6"0ct 701 6e*8S t6'!S 9'4 C'S9 679 08"6 T4
E*6U riOI 0'8 4'08 9>4 *9 66*19 88'S C9
9*4 U 08*66 OS'SS 6'6 4KE4 69'99 W"(9 96'
0'91i rS6 9'W cK8 SC'c.i 89*9 80'09 eO*
?6*96 ce'CS 9c* 6" 9'^9 Ei'6 IJ"9 99*e^

9711 c*6 S07S 60'9 Oc'0 9*C9 8I*8 61" 447 rSl 8'9fr 'ei7
o'in orw es'os E^W n*69 ^979 er r^ 4S'j ^'^ ^1 ,67^
C601 976 6*64 44'E4 iO'89 9*19 3c'9c ' 86'O 69"91' 81'^ re'
9*401 c'I6 se'8 0974 6*99 c9*09 Er Wl 60"O
0*901 8*6$ U'4 t'I4 W9 19"6C Sr' ETI OS'617 OO'l7 'C'e7 8'0i
E*Wl Ora 48'4 8c'0 SL'W 09'8C EKE 09"0 lf8J' 91'*?!? 0471 8'6e
9701 6"98 E9>4 i 1*69 99*E9 6* 8*7 69*61' im irEl 48*1 fr 66'3e
O'lOl "8 Se*e ?6"9 879 8S*9 ene 'S1 Er9!? Rl1 O'I7 Oc'Se
Oe'66 im t'I7 6'99 6l'l9 f 6"0 98*'
E9'6 0478 06'0 E9'^9 OK09 ^ Wto ^l7 94't7!7 08*01'

6*6 c"I8 99'69 ?'W Cf6 9f Ot'S1 tO'917 8'ei7 96*6e S'SE 'S'SE 6
Oe*1^6 8*64 EK89 e'e9 E'8 *? 9'4? Ei'i? 6671' ?l'6E 9'e 0'E 8
^976 ep"8 sr9 H79 wi ri ew icw irct 6e*8E 6'9e rre c
6'06 00* 16'9 86"09 90*9? FO 88*f? Ce7 ec'li1 WL El'9E 61^'ee 9
ie*68 8'4 0"iD cS*6c 86'p? 'rP ^'H7 77!7 Ôl7 e9'9E tf c e c'ce cc
S9'8 l> 97'e9 99'8S STS ^S1 OO'H7 ini7 ?'6E O8'?e ITK WIE ^c
86*8 E474 Ee'E9 0' IS7 ET4P 90*Eif 09'O7 09*8e S6'K 04'EE 4l*! ES
erw in 66*09 ê*9s eri er9t? IT? o*6e en *K 067E OKOC e
978 88"69 4"6 6l' W0 eF7 61'lt 08'Se S8'9e ErEE 607E e9'6 l
66*08 9^*89 l'8 EO'l 9^*6^ ErW* 9c"OP 06"e S6'e I7E 6nE S'8c O
f64 W"49 4E'4 8*c5 8K8I1 EfE? tre 00"4 I'E 69* 1 6KOE Ol'8E 6^
99* I9"S9 eo'9 I'1 OW7 77' 6fSe l!*9e c>e 88'OC 0'6 frttc S^
00'9 o"!7? 08'i 9'0 <r9t) î7 9J'e 'Se SETE O'Oe 06'8c 6'9c 1
erf 79 9rE ot'*6 ?c'ct7 $7w er9e crtê ^'ce 9c"6? 11*5? es' 9^
974 ce*19 te'c? SS1 l'P 7 r !9"E era 99'ie I"'8E ^rc
10*14 E6*6 60'^ 60*41 60'e1 9FSE 89>e fr7 OS'OE WtZ E'9c
6 (.75 65,49 67.36 72.67 75.62 79.27 86.04 94.24 OI.S 109.4 126.9 149.3
62.58 66.35 68.23 73.58 76.56 S0.24 87.06 95.34 102.9 I I 0.7 128.3 150.9
63.42 67.21 69.10 74.50 77.49 81.20 88.08 96.43 10.l i 11.9 129.S 152.6
64.25 68.07 69.98 75.41 7S.43 82.17 89.10 97.53 105.3 113.2 131.2 1543
65.08 68.93 70.S5 76.33 79.37 S3.3 90.12 98.63 106.4 I4.4 132.6 155.9
65.92 69.79 71.73 77.24 30.3 i 84.10 91.15 99.72 107.6 115.7 134.0 157.6
66.75 70.65 72.61 78.16 81.25 85.07 92.17 100.8 108.8 1 6.9 135.5 159.3
67.59 71.52 73.48 79.07 82.18 86.04 93.19 101.9 109.9 MU 130.9 160.9
68.43 72.3S 74.36 79.99 83.12 87.00 94^2 03.0 IIJ.I 1 19.4 J3S.3 162.6
69.27 7~.25 75.24 80.91 S4.06 87.97 95.24 04.1 IO3 120.6 139.7 164.3
N Es tlie numher of serven;. The numrica! column hendings Indcate blocking probatllily B in %. Tahte generated by Dan Dexter
i i
ENCUESTA PARA DETERMINAR DEMANDA DE SERVICIOS Di
COMUNICACIONES
Nombre de la filial
Nombre de la persona encuestada_
Fecha
1. Qu servicios de comunicaciones utiliza?
Conteste escribiendo frente a cada opcin el nmero 1, 2, 3, 4 5, de acuerdo

a ia siguiente escala.;
1 = Nunca.
2 = Casi nunca.
3 = Algunas veces.
4 = Casi siempre.
5 = Siempre.
Telefona
Correo Electrnico
Inforneaf
1 1 I L-î i i*^. t.
rax
Video Conferencia
Transmisin de Datos
Transmisin de Archivos
2. La calidad de los servicios de comunicaciones que utiliza es:
Marque una X en el espacio en blanco
ptimo
Muy Bueno
Bueno
Regular
Deficiente
3. Indique con cuales de los siguientes servicios le gustara contar:
Marque una X en el espacio en blanco
Video Conferencia
Facilidades multimedia
(audio y video)
Facsmil
(Transmisin de imgenes
impresas)
Video vigilancia
GRACIAS POR SU COLABORACIN
Firma
PERSONAL DEL SISTEMA PETROECUADOR ANO 2000
FILIALES PERMANENTES CONTRATADOS TOTAL %
PETROECUADOR 724 2 726 18
PETROPRODUCCION .1,172 13 1,185 ; 28
PETROINDUSTR1AL 1,286 9 1,295 31
PETROCOMERCIAL 9.5.1 11 962 23
TOTAL 4,133 35 4,168 100
PERSONAL DEL SISTEMA PETROECUADOR AO 2000
23% 18%
28%
31%
aPETROECUADOR di PETROPRODUCCION
DPETROfNDUSTRIAL D PETROCOMERCIAL

FILIALES PERMANENTES CONTRATADOS TOTAL
PETROPRODUCCION 1,094 1,094 27
PETROINDUSTRIAL 1,274 1,276 32
PETROCOMERCIAL 45 933 23
TOTAL 3,951 54 4,005 100
23%
27%
32%
HPETROECUADOR PETROPRODUCCION
DPETROINDUSTRIAL G PETROCOMERCIAL
FILIALES PERMANENTEES CONTRATADOS TOTAL %
PETROPRODUCCIN 1,036 40 1,076 27
PETROINDUSTRIAL 1,234 0 1,234 31
PETROCOMERCIAL 960 1 961 24
TOTAL 3,925 52 3,977 100
PERSONAL DEL SISTEMA PETROECUADOR ANO 2002 ^

Jf*^
24% 18% ^f^
sg
K
^
\
^__^ ^^^^^27%
31%
S PETROECUADOR B PETROPRODUCCIN
D PETROINDUSTRIAL D PETROCOMERCIAL

FILIALES PERMANENTES CONTRATADOS TOTAL %
PETROPRODUCCIN 1,053 19 1,072 27
PETROINDUSTRIAL 1,114 1,114 | 29
PETROCOMERCIAL 993 105 1,038 | 26
TOTAL 3,791 136 3,927 100
29%
H PETROECUADOR B PETROPRODUCCIN
D PETROINDUSTRIAL G PETROCOMERCIAL
FILIALES PERMANENTES CONTRATADOS TOTAL | %
PETROECUADOR 685 60 745 j 19
PETROPRODUCCIN ..1.017 48 1,065 | 27
PETROINDUSTRIAL 1.Q78 20 1,098 | 27
PETROCOMERCIAL .?47 145 1,092 | 27
TOTAL 3,727 273 4,000 | 100
PERSONAL DEL SISTEMA PETROECUADOR AO 2004
27% 19%
27%
27%
BPETROECUADOR HPETROPRODUCCIN
nPETROINDUSTRlAL O PETROCOMERCIAL
RFC 2615 - PPP over SONET/SDH
Network Working Group A. Malis

Request for Comments: 2615 Ascend Communications, Inc.
Obsoletes: 1519 W. Simpson
Category: Standards Track DayDreamer
June 1999
PPP over SONET/SDH
Status of this Memo
This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the

Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for
improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet
Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1 ) for the standardi 7.ati on state
and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (1999). All Rights Reserved.
Abstract
The Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) [1] prvidas a standard method for

transporting multi-protocol datagrams over point-to-point links.
This document describes the use of PPP over Synchronous Optical
Network (SONET) and Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) circuits.
This document replaces and obsoletes RFC 1619. See section 1 for a
summary of the changes from RFC 1619.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction , , ........... 2
2. Pftysical Layer Requirements 3
3. Framing 4
4. X**43 -f 1 Scrambler Description 4
5. Configuration Details 6
6. Security Considerations 6
I. Changes from RFC 1619 1
8. Intellectual Property 1
9. cknowledgrnents .,,,,...., 8
10 . Ref erences 8
II. Authors ' Addresses 9
12 . Full Copyright Statement 10
1. Introduction
PPP was designed as a standard method of communicating over

point-to-point links. Initial deployment has been over short local
lines, leased lines, and plain-old-telephone-service (POTS) using
modems. As new packet services and higher speed lines are introduced,
PPP is easily deployed in these environments as well.
This specification is primarily concerned with the use of the PPP

encapsulation over SONET/SDH links. Since SONET/SDH is by definition
a point-to-point circuit, PPP is well suited to use over these links.
Real differences between SONT and SDH (other than terminology) are
minor; for the purposes of encapsulation of PPP over SONET/SDH, they
are inconseguential or irrelevant.
For the convenience of the reader, we list the equivalent terms below:
SONET SDH
SPE VC
STS-SPE Higher Order VC (VC-3/4/4-Nc)
STS-1 frame STM-0 frame (rarely used)
STS-1-SFE VC-3
STS-1 payload C-3
STS~3c frame STM-1 frarae, AU-4
STS-3C-SPE VC-4
STS-3c payload C-4
STS-12c/48c/192c frame STM-4/16/64 frame, AU~4-4c/16c/64c
STS-12c/48c/192c-SPE VC-4-4c/16c/64c
STS-12c/48c/192c payload C-4-4c/16c/64c
The only currently supported SONET/SDH SPE/VCs are the following:
SONET SDH
STS-3C-SPE VC-4
STS-12c-SPE VC-4-4c
STS-48C-SPE VC-4-16c
STS-192c-SPE VC-4-64c
The Jceywords MQST, MC7ST NOT, MAY, OPTIONAL, REQQIRED, RECOMMENDED,

SHALL, SHALL NOT, SHOULD, and SHOLD NOT are to be interpreted as
defined in [6].
2. Physical Layer Reguirements
PPP treats SONET/SDH transport as octet oriented synchronous links.

SONET/SDH links are full-duplex by definition.
Interface Format
PPP in HDLC-like framing presents an octet interface to the

physical layer. There is no provisin for sub-octets to ba
supplied or accepted [3][5].
The octet stream is mapped into the SONET STS-SPE/SDH Higher Order
VC, with the octet boundaries aligned with the SONET STS-SPE/SDH
Higher Order VC octet boundaries.
Scrambling is performed during insertion into the SONET STS-

SPE/SDH Higher Order VC to provide adequate transparency and
protect against potential security threats (see Section 6). For
backwards compatibility with RFC 1619 (TS-3c-SPE/VC-4 only), the
scrarabler MAY have an on/off capability where the scrambler is
bypassed entirely when it is in the off mode. If this capability
is provided, the default MUST be set to scrarabling enabled.
For PPP over SONET/SDH, the entire SONET/SDH payload (SONET STS-
SPE/SDH Higher Order VC minus the path overhead and any fixed
stuff) is scrambled using a self-synchronous scrambler of"
polynomial X**43 + 1. See Section 4 for the description of the
scrambler.
The proper order of operation is:
When transmittirig:
IP -> PPP -> FCS generation -> Byte stuffing -> Scrambling ->
SONET/SDH framing
When receiving:
SONET/SDH framing -> Descrambling -> Byte destuffirig -> FCS

detection -> PPP -> IP
The Path Signal Label (02} indicates the contents of the SONET STS-
SPE/SDH Highcr Ordcr VC. The vale of 22 (16 hcx) is uscd to
indcate PPP with X^-43 + 1 scrambling [4] .
For compatibility with KFC 1619 (STS-3c-SPE/VC-4 only), if scrambling

has been configurad to be off, then the valu 207 (CF hex) is used
for the Path Signal Label to indicate PPP without scrambling.
The Multiframe Indicator (H4) is unused, and MST be zero.
Control Signis
PPP does not require the use of control signis. When available,
using such signis can allow greater functionality and
performance. Implications are discussed in [2].
Framing
The framing for octet-synchronous links is described in "PPP in

HDLC-like Framing" [2].
The PPP frames are located by row within the SONET STS-SPE/SDH Hgher
Order VC pa.yloa.d- Because frames are variable in lengt.h, the frameas
are allowed to cross SONET STS-SPE/SDf Higher Order VC boundaries.
X**43 4- 1 Scrambler Descrption
The X**43 + 1 scrambler transmitter and receiver operation are as

follows:
Transmi11 er s chema tic:
nscrambled Data
i
v
J _ , , : . , , 4. J L
T . -(- ^ f-
+>| > 43 bit shift register > |>Jxor
v
Scrambled Data
Receiver schematic:
Scrambled Data
I
I I : _ _ K _ ^ _ _ _ _ _ _ : ___4- 4.: I.
I H ' ~ ~ ~
+->! > 43 bit shift register > 1 >lxor|
-j ''T H r
nscrambled Data
Note: While the HDLC FCS is calculated least significant bit first as
shown :
A B C D
(that is, the FCS calculator is fed as f ollows : A[0], A[l], ... A[7],
B[0], B[l], etc...), scrambling is done in the opposite manner, most
significant bit first, as shown:
A B C D.
That is, the scrambler is fed as f ollows : A[7], A[6], ... A[0] , B[7],
B[6] , etc. . .
The scrambler operates continuously through the bytes of the SONET

STS-SPE/SDK Higher Order VC, bypassing bytes of SONET Path Overhead
and any fixed stuff (see Figure 20 of ANS Ti. 105 [3] or Figure 10-17
of ITU G.707 [5]). The scrambling state at the beginning of a SONET
STS-SPE/SDH Higher Order VC is the state at the end of the previous
SONET STS-SPE/SDH Higher Order VC. Thus, the scrambler runs
continuously and is not reset per frame. The initial seed is randomly
chosen by transmitter to improve operational security (see Section
6) . Consequently, the first 43 transmitted bits following startup or
reframe operation will not be descrambled correctly.
5. Configuration Detalla
Other than the FCS length (see below) , the standard LCP sync
configuration defaults apply to SONET/SDH links .
The following Configuration Options are RECOMMENDED for STS-3c-

SPE/VC-4:
Magic Number
No Address and Control Field Compression
No Protocol Field Compression
For operation at STS-12c-SPE/VC-4-4c and above, Address and Control

Field Compression and Protocol Field Compression are NOT RECOMMENDED.
The Magic Number option remains RECOMMENDED.
Regarding the FCS length, with one exception, the 32-bit FCS MUST be
used for all SONET/SDH rates . For STS-3c-SPE/VC~4 only, the 16-bit
FCS MAY be used, although the 32-bit FCS is RECOMMENDED. The FCS
length is set by provisioning and is not negotiated.
Security Considerations
The major change from RFC 1619 is the addition of payload scrambling
when i'nserfing the HDLC-'Hke framed PPP packets nto the SQNKT STS-
SPE/SDH Eigher Order VC. RFC 1619 was operationally found to permit
malicious users to genrate packets with bit patterns that could
crate SONET/SDH-layer low-transition-density synchronization
problems, emulation of the SDH set-reset scrambler pattern, and
replication of the STM-N frame alignment word.
The use of the x^43 + 1 self-synchronous scrambler was introduced to

alleviate these potential security problems. Predicting the output
of the scrambler requires knowledge of the 43-bit state of the
transmit-ter as the scrambling of a known -Jnput is begun. This
requires knowledge of both the initial 43-bit state of the scramble-r
when it started and every byte of data scrambled by the devce since
it was started. The odds of guessing correctly are 1/2**43, with the
additional probability of 1/127 that a correct guess will leave the
frame properly aligned in the SONET/SDH payload, which restilts in a
probability of 9e-16 against being able to deliberately cause
SONET/SDH-laycr problems. This sccms rcasonably sccurc for this
application.
This scrambler is also used when transmitting ATM over SONET/SDH, and
public network carriers have considerable experience with its use.
known security issue is bandwidth reduction by intentional

transmission of characters or sequences requiring transparency
processing by including flag and/or escape characters in user data. A
user raay cause up to a 100% increase in the bandwidth required for
transmitting his or her packets by filling the packet with flag
and/or escape characters.
As mentioned in the previous section, the major change from RFC 1619
was the addition of payload scrambling when inserting the HDLC-like
framed PPP packets into the SOMET STS-SPE/SDH Eigher Order VC. Other
changes were:
The terminology was updated to better match that used by ANS and
ITU-T.
The specification's applicability is now specifically restricted to:
SONET SDH
STS-Sc-SPE VC-4
STS-12c-SPE VC-4-4c
STS-48c~SPE VC-416c
STS-192c-SPE VC~4-64c
The Path Signal Label (C2) is set to 22 (16 hex) when using X^43 + 1
scrambling.
The 32-bit FCS is required except for operation with STS-3c-SPE/VC~4,

in which case the 16-bit FCS is allowed (but the 32-bit FCS is still
recommended).
The Security Considerations section was added.

8. Intellectual Property
The IETF takes no position regarding the validity or scope of any

intellectual property or other rights that might be claimed to
pertain to the implementation or use of the technology described in
this document or the extent to which any license under such rights
might or might not be available; neither does it represent that it
has made any effort to identify any such rights. Information on the
lETF's procedures with respect to rights in standards-track and
standards-related documentation can be found in BCP-11. Copies of
claims of rights made available for publication and any assurances of
licenses to be made available, or the result of an attempt made to
obtai'n a general license or permission for the use of such
proprietary rights by implementors or users of this specification can

be obtained from the IETF Secretariat.
The IETF invites any interested party to bring to its attention any
copyrights, patents or patent applications, or other proprietary
rights which may cover tedinology that may be required to practice
fchis standard. Please address the Information to the IETF Execntive
Director-
9. Acknowledgments
The scrambler description was provided by J. Manchester, S. Davida,

B. Doshi, and J. Anderson of Lucent Technologies, R. Broberg of Cisco
Systems/ and Peter Lothberg of Sprint Corporation. The security
analysis was provided by lain Verigin of PMC-Sierra and Larry McAclams
of Cisco Systems. The authors would also like to thank the members
of the IETF' s Point-to-Point Protocol Extensions Workiig Group for
their many suggestions and improvements to the text.
10. References
[1] Simpson, W., Editor^ "The Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)"r STD

51, RFC 1661, Daydreamer, July 1994.
[2] Simpson, W., Editor, "PPP in HDLC-like Framing", STD 51, RFC
1662, Daydreamer, July 1994.
[3] American National Standars Institute, "Synchronous Optical

Network (SONET) - Basic Description including Multiplex
Structure, Rates and Formats," ANS TI.105-1995.
[4] American National Standards Institute, "Synchronous Optical

Network (SONET}Payload Mappings," TI.105.02-1998.
[5] IT Recommendation G.707, "Network Node Interface For The

Synchronous Digital Hicrarchy", 1996.
[6] Bradner, S,, "Key words for use in RFCs to indicate Requirement
Levis", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
11. Authors1 Addresses
Andrew G- Malis
Ascend Communications, Inc.
1 Robbins Road
Westford, MA 01810 USA
Phone: +1 978 952 7414

EMail: malistjjascend. com
William Alien Simpson

DayDreamer
Computer Systems Consulting Services
1384 Fontaine
Madison Heights, Michigan 48071
EMail: wsimpson@GreenDraqon.com
12. Full Copyright Statement
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (1999). All Rights Reserved-
This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to

others/ and den* va ti ve works that comment on or otherwi se expl ai n i t
or assist in its implementation may be preparad, copiad, published
and distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any
kind, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are
included on all such copies and derivative works. However, this
document itself may not be modified in any way, such as by removing
the copyright notice or references to the Internet Society or other
Internet organizations, cxccpt as nccdcd for the purposc of
developing Internet standards in which case the procedures for
copyrights defined. in the Internet Standards procesa must be
follotved, or as reguired to transate it into languages other than
English.
The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be
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This document and the information contained herein is provided on a.n

"AS IS" basis and THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING
TASK FORC DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, IWCLDDIKG
BT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE OSE OF THE INFORMATION
HEREIN PfILIt NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR P0RPOSE.
Funding for the RFC Editor function is currently provided by the

Internet Society.
RFC 1661 - The Pomt-to-Point Protocol (PPP)
Network Working Group W. Simpson, Editor

Rcqucst for Commcnts: 1661 Daydrcamcr
STD: 51 July
Obsoletes: 1548
Category: Standards
The Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)
Status of this Memo

Internet community, and rcgucsts discussion and suggcstions for
improvements . Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet
Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state
arid status of this pzrotocol. Distribution of this memo is uniimited.
Abstract
The Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) provides a standard method for

transporting multi-protocol datagrams over point-to-point links . P.PP
is comprised of three main components:
1 . A method for encapsulating multi-protocol datagrams .
2. Link Control Protocol (LCPJ for establishing, configuring,

and testing the data-link connection.
3. A famiiy of Network Control Protocols (NCPs) for establishing

and configuring different network-layer protocols.
This document defines the PPP organization and methodology, and the
PPP cncapsulation, togcthcr with an cxtcnsiblc option negotiation
mechanism which is able to negotiate a rich assortment of
configuration parameters and provides additional management
ruzctions . The PPP Liak Coiitrol Protocol (LCP) is descîbed izi texms
of this mechanism.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction , . . . ,.....................................
1. 1 Specif ication of Requirements ................... 2
1. 2 Termixiology............................ ......... 3
2. PPP Encapsulation................................ ..... 4
3. PPP Link Operation 6

3.1 Overview 6
3 .2 Phase Diagram 6
3.3 Link Dead (physical-layer not ready) 7
3. 4 Tii nk F.stabl i shment Phase 7
3.5 Authentication Phase , , 8
3. 6 Network-Layer Protocol Phase ,,...,.. 8
3.7 Link Termination Phase . .- , . 9
4. The Option Negotiation Automaton 11

4 .1 State Transition Table 12
4.2 States , 14
4 .3 Even ts , 16
4. 4 Actions 21
4 .5 Loop Avoidance 23
.,6 Counters and Timers 24
5. LCP Packet Formats , 26

5.1 Configure-Request . 28
5.2 Conf igure-Ack . , 29
5.3 Conf igure-Nak 30
5. 4 Conf igure-Rej ect , 31
5.5 Terminate-Request and Terminate-Ack 33
5. 6 Codc-Rcjcct 34
5.7 Protocol-Reject 35
5.8 Echo-Request and. Echo-Reply 36
5.9 Discard-Reguest - 31
6. LCP Configuration Options 39

6.1 Maximum-Receive-Unit (MRO) 41
6.2 Authentication-
6.3 Quality-Protocol 43
6.4 Magic-Number 45
6.5 Protocol-Field-Compression (PFC) 48
6.6 Address-and-Control-Field-Compression (ACFC)
SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS 51
REFERENCSS 51
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ' *. . . 51
CRAIR' ADDRESS .. ..... 52
EDITOR' S ADDRESS 52
1. Introduction
The Point-to-Point Protocol is designad for simple links which

transport packets be'tween two peers. These links provide full-duplex
simultaneous bi-directional operation, and are assumed to deliver
packets in ojrder. It is .Latended that PPP provide a coimuon solution
for easy connection of a wide variety of hosts, bridges and routers
[1]-
Encapsulation
The PPP encapsulation provides for multiplexing of different

network-layer protocols siTnultaneously over the same link. The
PPP encapsulation has been carefully designed to retain
compatibility with most coimnonly used supporting hardware,
Only 8 additional octets are necessaory to form the encapsulation

when used within the default HDLC-like framing. In environments
where bandwidth is at a preruium, the encapsulation and fraraing .may
be shortened to 2 or 4 octets.
To suppor*t high speed implementations, the default encapsulation

uses only simple fields, only one of which needs to be examined
for demultiplexing. The default header and information fields
fall on 32-bit boundaries/ and the trailer may be padded to an
arbitrary boundary.
Control Pxotocol
In order to be sufficiently versatile to be portable to a wide

variety o environments, PPP provides a Link Control Protocol
(LCP) . The LCP is used to automatically agree upon the
encapsulation forraat options; handle varying limits on sizes of
packets/ detect a looped-back link and other common
mi sconf -i gurati on errors, and termnate the l i n k , Other optional
facilities provided are a uthenti catin of the identity o its peer
on the link, and determination when a link is functioning properly
and when. it is failing.
Network Control Protocols
Point-to-Point links tend to exacrbate many problems with the

current family of network protocols. For instance, assignnient and
management of IP addresses, which is a profolem even in liN
envi ronment.S; is especial! y di ff i cul t over circu t-switched
point-to-point Iink5 (such as dial-up modejn servers) . These
problems are handled by a family of Network Control Protocols
(NCPs) , which each manage the specific needs required by their
respective network-layer protocols. These NCPs are defined in

companion documents.
Configura tion
It is intended that PPP liziks be easy to configure. By design,

the standard defaults handle all common configurations. The
implementor can specify improveinents to th defau.lt configxaration,
which are automatically communicated to the peer without operator
intervention, Finally, the operator may explicitly configure
options for the link which enable the link to oprate in
environments where it would otherwise be linpossible.
This self-configuration is implemented through an extensible

option negotiation mechanism, wherein each end of the link
describes to the other its capaM-lities and requirement3-
Although the option negotiation mechanism described in this
document is specified in texitia of the Link Control Protocol (LCl?) ,
the same facilities are designed to be used by other control
protocols, espeoally the family of NCPs.
1.1. Specification of Requirements
l:n this document, ^-veral words are used to signify the requirements
of the specification. These words are often capitalized.
MDST his wordf or the adjective "reqtaired", means that

dcfinition is an absoluto rcquircmcnt of the spccification.
MUS1 WOT This phtsse means that the definicin is an absolute

prohib tion of the specification.
This wordr or the adjective "recoirnnendecltt"r Tneans that there

may exist valid reaoons in particular circumstanccs to
ignore this tem., but the full implicafcions must be
Linde rstood and care. Tul ly wei ghed beFore ohoosi ng a
This word, or ths adjectivs "optionaX" , meara that this

item is one of an allowed set of alternatives. n
implemento tion which does not include this option MUST be
prepared to interoperate with another impleinentation whicb
does include the option.
1. Terminology
Xhis docusxt frequeivtly Uses the following terms;
dstagram The unit of transis si en in. the network layer fsuch as IP) .
A datagram jnay be encapsulated in one or more packets
passed to the data link layer.
frame The unit of transmission at the data link layer, , frame
may include a header and/or a trailer, along with some
number of units of datar
packet, The basic \xnit. of encapsulation, Whxch is passed acrosa the
interface between the network layer and the data link
layar. A packet is usnally mapped to a frame; the
exceptions are when data link layer fragmentation is being
performed, or when mltiple packets are incorporated into a
single frame.
peer The other end of the poiivt-to-point Jint.
silently discard
The implementation discards the packet without further
processing. The impleaientaUion SHOaLD provide th
capability of logging the error, including the contents of
the siJ.ently discsrdec packetf ond SHOULD record Ihe event
in a etatistics counter,
PPP Encapsulation
The PPP encapsulation is used to disainbiguate lultiprotocol
datagrams, This encapsulation requlres framing to indcate the
bacjijuilng fd and of the ncapsulaLlon. Mathods of pcovidlrig fraoiing
are specified in coniparon documents.
A surmnary of the PPP encapsulation is shown below, The fields are
tronsmitted from left to right.
| Protocol I Informati on [ Padd ng [

| 8/16 bits| * 1 * i
- __i^
_~^-. J.j
-]- _,j__ ^.^
-,_-__- .1^.^.___
.__. : '- i
: rl-T1-~T
Protocol Field
Xhe Protocol field is one or two octets/ and Its valu identifies
tho dît?igram ncapsulatad i n the Tnformal'. on f i el d of the packet.,
Th& feld la Lrenffjr/ittcad. and rcoi.vec most sj.gnifica/jt octot
first.
The sLructure oF thi.s f l e l d is cpnsistent w.th the ISO 3309

extono lo/i mechanism for oddrcsc fiolds, 7\11 Px*otocols MOST be
otd; the least significant. bit. of the least sJgn- Ticant octet.
equal "1". Also r a.l 1 ProtocoJ.5 MC7ST be asignftd tich hhat: the
least eiguiCicsBnt bit of tho tnoat aignificant octet tacjuals l ( 0".
receivod which d o n ' t comply wl.kh these rules MST be
1 t.i hav.ng *n uiirfioyniai5rt
Prutocol field vales in the ^0***" to "3***" ranga identify the
neUwork-loyer protocol of opecific pactets, and vales in the
g*** to "b***" rarige identify pacfcets belonging fco the
assooiated NeLwork Control Protocola (NCPs)t if any.
Protocol field vales in !;he '"4***" fco "7*** range are used for
proLocolo with low volunto Lraffic which havo no aooociated NCP,
Protocol field. vales in the "c***" Lo *** rango identify
packatft as 1*nk-layr Con 1.rol Protoools (sucb aa 1.CP) ,
Dp-to-deLe vales of the Protocol field are specilied in Uhe most

roconl; "ADigncd Nîraboro" U''C E2] . This spuailicatin reoerves
tlie following vales;
Valu (in hex) Protocol
0001 Paddi/ig Protocol

0003 to OOlf reservad (transparency insfficlent)
OQ7d reserved (Control Escape)
OOcf reaerved (PPP NT.PTT))
OOff rcscrvcd (comprcscion incfficicnt)
8001 to BOlf unusad
807d xmuscd
8t)cl- unused
HOff unused
c02l T.Dnk Control Pratocol

c023 Pascword AirhhenticDtioi Prolocol
liink Quallty Report
ChlllngQ K^ndshak Auhhenhicatin Protocol
Developers of mcw protocole MUST obtain a number frum the

7\ssigncd Numbers uthori Ly (IAN?\( ai j.ANA@-ici.edu.
Information Field
The Information field is zvv or more octet, The Information

f i e l d c o n t a i n s the d t a g r n m for th protnool apeolflcd i n l.hp,
Protocol field.
lojjgUh for Uho Inrorjnation Jfiold/ including

but not including the Protoaol fioldr j s terined th Maximijn
Receivc Unit (MRU) / which de'aults to 1500 ocLcts. By
neqotiation/ consenLino PPP .mpl emento tione may u#e other valas
for thn MRQ.
Paddi ny
On transmlsslon,. the TnrormatJion f i e l d MAY he paddecJ wlth an
arhi.I:rary nnmber of ochets up to the. MRU, Tt Is the
reypo/jaibiliy of ot;)i protoc*oJ o d.ilJ uguiah
real informaLion.
PPP T.nk Operat.on
. Overvew
In orc to ftot^bl ih oouituuriicaLiona ov^x ei poiivL-Lo-poiut liuk,

ond of the PPP link MDS'l1 i irgt ssnd I.CP packets Lo configure and test
Protocol field vales in the "O***" to "3***" range identify the
network-layer protocol of specific packets, and vales in the
"8***" to "b***" range identify packets belonging to the
associated Network Control Protocols (NCPs), if any.
Protocol field vales in the "4***" to "7***" range are used for
protocols with low volunte traffic which have no associated NCP.
Protocol field vales in the "C***" to "f***" range identify
packets as link-layer Control Protocols (such as LCP).
Up-to-date vales of the Protocol field are specified in the most

recent "Assigned Numbers" RFC [2]. This specification reserves
the following vales:
Valu (in hex) Protocol ame
0001 Padding Protocol

0003 to OOlf reserved {transparency inefficient)
007d reserved (Control Escape)
OOcf reserved (PPP NLPID)
OOff reserved (compression inefficient)
8001 to BOlf unused

807d unused
80cf unused
80ff unused
c021 Link Control Protocol

c023 Password Authentication Protocol
c025 Link Quality Report
c223 Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol
Developers of new protocols MUST obtain a number from the Internet

Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA), at IANA@isi.edu.
Information Field
The Information field is zero or more octets. The Information

field contains the datagram for the protocol specified in the
Protocol field.
The mximum length for the Information field, including Padding,

but not including the Protocol field/ is termed the Mximum
Receive nit (MRU), which defaults to 1500 octets. By
negotiation, consenting PPP implementations may use other vales
for the MRU.
Padding
On transmission, the Information field MAY be padded with an

arbitrary number of octets up to the MRU. It is the
responsibility of each protocol to distinguish padding octets from
real Information.
3. PPP Link Operation
3.1. Overview
In order to establish Communications over a point-to-point link, each

end of the PPP link MUST first send LCP packets to configure and test
the data link. After the link has been established, the peer MAY be
authenticated.
Then, PPP MUST send NCP packets to choose and configure one or more
network-layer protocols. Once each of the chosen network-layer
protocols has been configured, datagrams from each network-layer
protocol can be sent over the link.
The link will remain configured for Communications until explicit LCP
or NCP packets cise the link down, or until some external event
occurs (an inactivity timer expires or network administrator
intervention).
3.2. Phase Diagram
In the process of configuring, maintaining and terminating the

point-to-point link, the PPP link goes through several distinct
phases which are specified in the following simplified state diagram:
1 P I | OPENED | 1 SCCESS/NONE
Dead | >| Establish | >\e |+
FAIL | FAIL |
.__ __ L J__ _ , ____ , ___ L
f -| .. --- -
DOWN | | | CLOSING | ||
| Termnate | <---+<----------[ Network | <-+
Not all transitions are specified in this diagram. The following

semantics MUST be followed.
3.3. Link Dead (physical-layer not ready)
The link necessarily begins and ends with ths phase. When an
external event (such as carrier detection or network administrator
configuration) indicates that the physical-layer is ready to be used,
PPP will proceed to the Link Establishment phase.
During this phase, the LCP automaton (described later) will be in the
Initial or Starting states. The transition to the Link Establishment
phase will signal an Up event to the LCP automaton.
Implementation Note:
Typically, a link will return to this phase automatically after

the disconnection of a modem. In the case of a hard-wired link,
this phase may be extremely short merely long enough to detect
the presence of the device.
3.4. Link Establishment Phase
The Link Control Protocol (LCP) is used to establish the connection

through an exchange of Configure packets. This exchange is complete,
and the LCP Opened state entered, once a Configure-Ack packet
'^. (described later) has been both sent and received.
All Configuration Options are assumed to be at default vales unless

altered by the configuration exchange, See the chapter on LCP
Configuration Options for further discussion.
It is important to note that only Configuration Options which are

independent of particular network-layer protocols are configurad by
LCP. Configuration of individual network-layer protocols is handled
by seprate Network Control Protocols (NCPs) during the Network-Layer
Protocol phase.
Any non-LCP packets received during this phase MUST be silently

discarded.
.The receipt of the LCP Configure-Request causes a return to the Link

Establishment phase from the Network-Layer Protocol phase or
Authentication phase.
" 3.5. Authentication Phase
On some links it may be desirable to require a peer to authenticate

itself before allowing network-layer protocol packets to be
exchanged.
By default/ authentication is not mandatory. If an implementation

desires that the peer authenticate with some specific authentication
protocol/ then it MUST request the use of that authentication
protocol during Link Establishment phase.
Authentication SHOLD take place as soon as possible after link

establishment. However/ link quality determination MAY occur
concurrently. An implementation MST NOT allow the exchange of link
quality determination packets to delay authentication indefinitely,
Advancement from the Authentication phase to the Network-Layer

Protocol phase MUST NOT occur until authentication has completed. If
authentication fails/ the authenticator SHOLD proceed instead to the
Link Termination phase.
Only Link Control Protocol/ authentication protocol, and link quality

monitoring packets are allowed during this phase. All other packets
received during this phase MUST be silently discarded.
Implementation Notes:
An implementation SHOULD NOT fail authentication simply due to

timeout or lack of response. The authentication SHOULD allow some
method of retransmission/ and proceed to the Link Termination
phase only after a number of authentication attempts has been
exceeded.
The implementation responsible for commencing Link Termination

phase is the implementation which has refused authentication to
its peer.
3.6. Network-Layer Protocol Phase
-^ Once PPP has finished the previous phases, each network-layer

9 protocol (such as IP, IPX/ or AppleTalk) MST be separately
configurad by the appropriate Network Control Protocol (NCP).
Each NCP MAY be Opened and Closed at any time.
Because an implementation may initially use a significant amount

of time for link quality determination, implementations SHOULD
avoid fixed timeouts when waiting for their peers to configure a
NCP.
After a NCP has reacheci the Opened state, PPP will carry the
corresponding network-layer protocol packets. Any supported
network-layer protocol packets received when the corresponding NCP is
not in the Opened state MST be silently discarded.
While LCP is in the Opened state, any protocol packet which is

unsupported by the implementation MUST be returned in a Protocol-
Reject (described later). Only protocols which are supported are
silently discarded.
During this phase/ link traffic consists of any possible combination

of LCP/ NCP/ and network-layer protocol packets.
3.7. Link Termination Phase
PPP can termnate the link at any time. This might happen because of
the loss of carrier, authentication failure, link quality failure,
the expiration of an idle-period timar/ or the administrativa closing
of the link.
LCP is usad to cise the link through an exchange of Terminate

packets. When the link is closing, PPP informs the network-layer
protocols so that they may take appropriate action.
After the exchange of Terminate packets/ the implementation SHOULD

signal the physical-layer to disconnect in order to enforce the
termination of the link, particularly in the case of an
authentication failure. The sender of the Terminate-Request SHOULD
disconnect after receiving a Terminate-Ack, or after the Restart
counter expires. The receiver of a Terminate-Request SHOULD wait for
the peer to disconnect/ and MUST NOT disconnect until at least one
Restart time has passed after sending a Terminate-Ack. PPP SHOULD
proceed to the Link Dead phase.
Any non~LCP packets received during this phase MUST be silently

discarded.
The closing of the link by LCP is sufficient. There is no need

for each NCP to send a flurry of Termnate packets. Conversely/
the fact that one NCP has Closed is not sufficient reason to cause
the termination of the PPP link/ aven if that NCP was the only NCP
currently in the Opened state.
4. The Option Negotiation Automaton

The fnite-state automaton is defined by events, actions and state
transitions. Events include reception of external commands such as
Open and Glose, expiration of the Restart timer, and reception of
packets from a peer. Actions include the starting of the Restart
timer and transraission of packets to the peer.
Some types of packets Configure-Naks and Configure-Rejects, or

Code-Rejects and Protocol-Rejects, or Echo-Requests, Echo-Replies and
Discard-Requests are not differentiated in the automaton
descriptions. As will be described later, these packets do indeed
serve different functions. However, they always cause the same
transitions.
Events Actions
Up = lower layer is p tlu = This-Layer-Up

Down = lower layer is Down tld = This-Layer-Down
Open = administrative Open tls = This-Layer-Started
Close= administrative Glose tlf - This-Layer-Finished
TO+ Timeout with counter > O irc = Initialize-Restart-

Count
TO- Timeout with counter expired Zero-Restart-Count
RCR+ Receive-Configure-Request (Good) ser Send-Configure-Request

RCR- Receive-Configure-Request (Bad)
RCA Receive-Configure-Ack sea Send-Configure-ck
RCN Receive-Configure-Nak/Rej sen Send-Configure-Nak/Rej
RTR Receive-Terminate-Request str Send-Terminate-Request

RTA Receive-Terminate-Ack sta Send-Terminate-Ack
RC = Receive-Unknown-Code scj = Send-Code-Rej ect

RXJ+ = Receive-Code-Reject (permitted)
or Receive-Protocol-Reject
RXJ- = Receive-Code-Reject (catastrophic)
or Receive-Protocol-Reject
RXR = Receive-Echo-Request ser Send-Echo-Reply
or Receive-Echo-Reply
or Receive-Discard-Request
4.1. State Transition Table
The complete state transition table follows. States are indicated

horizontally, and events are read vertically. State transitions and
actions are representad in the forra action/new-state. Mltiple
actions are separated by commas, and may continu on succeeding lines
as space requires; mltiple actions may be implemented in any
convenient order. The state may be followed by a letter, which
indicates an explanatory footnote. The dash ('-') indicates an
illegal transition.
1
State
I 0 1 2 3 4 5
Events [ Initial Starting Closed Stopped Closing Stopping
Up 1 2 irc, scr/6
Down | 0 tls/1 0 1
Open | tls/1 1 irc, scr/6 3r 5r 5r
Glose] 0 tlf/0 2 2 4 4
1
TCM- str/4 str/5
TO- | - - tlf/2 tlf/3
i1
RCR+ ! sta/2 irc, ser, sca/8 4 5
RCR- | sta/2 irc, ser, scn/6 4 5
RCA ] sta/2 sta/3 4 5
RCN sta/2 sta/3 4 5
RTR I - sta/2 sta/3 sta/4 sta/5

RTA 2 3 tlf/2 tlf/3
iI
RUC | scj/2 scj/3 scj/4 scj /5
RXJ-i- | _ 2 3 4 5
RXJ- tlf/2 tlf/3 tlf/2 tlf/3
11
RXR | - 2 3 4 5
1 State
1 6 7 8 9
Events 1 Req-Sent Ack-Rcvd Ack-Sent Opened
j-
Up
Down 1 1 1 tld/1
Open 6 7 8 9r
Cise irc, str/4 irc, str/4 irc, str/4 tld, irc, str/4
TO+ scr/6 scr/6 scr/8

TO- tlf/3p tlf/3p tlf/3p -
RCR+ sca/8 sea, tlu/9 sca/8 tld, ser, sca/8

RCR- scn/6 scn/7 scn/6 tld, ser, scn/6
RCA irc/7 scr/6x irc, tlu/9 tld, scr/6x
RCN irc, scr/6 scr/6x irc, scr/8 tld, scr/6x
RTR sta/6 sta/6 sta/6 tld, zrc, sta/5

RTA 6 6 8 tld, scr/6
Rae scj/6 scj/7 scj/8 scj/9

RXJ+ 6 6 8 9
RXJ- tlf/3 tlf/3 tlf/3 tld, irc, str/5
RXR 7 ser/9
The states in which the Restart timer is running are identifiable by

the presence of TO events. Only the Send-Configure-Request, Send-
Terminate-Request and Zero-Restart-Count actions start or re-start
the Restart timer. The Restart timer is stopped when transitioning
from any state where the timer is running to a state where the timer
is not running.
The events and actions are defined according to a message passing

architecture, rather than a signalling architecture. If an action is
desired to control specific signis (such as DTR), additional actions
are likely to be required.
[p] Passive option; see Stopped state discussion.
[r] Restart option; see Open event discussion.

[x] Crossed connection; see RCA event discussion.
4.2. States
Following is a more detallad description of each automaton state.
Intial
In the Initial state, the lower layer is unavailable (Down), and

no Open has occurred. The Restart timer is not running in the
Initial state.
Starting
The Starting state is the Open counterpart to the Initial state.

An administrative Open has been initiated, but the lower layer is
still unavailable (Down). The Restart timer is not running in the
Starting state.
When the lower layer becomes available (Up), a Configure-Request

is sent.
Closed
In the Closed state, the link is available (Up), but no Open has
occurred, The Restart timer is not running in the Closed state.
Opon reception of Configure-Request packets, a Terminate-Ack is

sent. Terminate-Acks are silently discarded to avoid creating a
loop.
Stopped
The Stopped state is the Open counterpart to the Closed state. It

is entered when the automaton is waiting for a Down event after
the This-Layer-Finished action, or after sending a Terminate-Ack.
The Restart timer is not running in the Stopped state.
pon reception of Configure-Request packets, an appropriate

response is sent. pon reception of other packets, a Terminate-
Ack is sent. Terminate-Acks are silently discarded to avoid
creating a loop.
Rationale:
The Stopped state is a junction state for link termination,

link configuration failure, and other automaton failure modes.
These potentially seprate states have been combined.
There is a race condition between the Down event response {from
the This-Layer-Finished action) and the Receive-Configure-

Request event. When a Configure-Request arrives before the
Down event, the Down event will supercede by returning the
automaton to the Starting state. This prevents attack by
repetition.
Implementation Option:
After the peer fails to respond to Configure-Requests, an

implementation MAY wait passively for the peer to send
Configure-Requests. In this case, the This-Layer-Finished
action is not used for the TO- event in States Req-Sent, Ack-
Rcvd and Ack-Sent.
This option is useful for dedicated circuits, or circuits which

have no status signis available, but SfOLD NOT be used for
switched circuits.
Closing
In the Closing state, an attempt is made to termnate the

connection. A Terminate-Request has been sent and the Restart
timer is running, but a Terminate-Ack has not yet been received.
Upon reception of a Terminate-Ack, the Closed state is entered.

Upon the expiration of the Restart timer, a new Terminate-Request
is transmitted, and the Restart timer is restarted, After the
Restart timer has expirad Max-Terminate times, the Closed state is
entered.
Stopping
The Stopping state is the Open counterpart to the Closing state.

A Terminate-Request has been sent and the Restart timer is
running, but a Terminate-Ack has not yet been received.
Rationale:
The Stopping state provides a well defined opportunity to

termnate a link before allowing new traffic. After the link
has terrninated, a new configuration may occur via the Stopped
or Starting states.
Request-Sent
In the Request-Sent state an attempt is made to configure the

connection, A Configure-Request has been sent and the Restart
timer is running, but a Configure-Ack has not yet been received
or has one been sent,
Ack-Received
In the Ack-Received state, a Configure-Request has been sent and a

Configure-Ack has been received. The Restart timer is still
running, since a Configure-Ack has not yet been sent.
Ack-Sent
In the Ack-Sent state, a Configure-Request and a Configure-Ack

have both been sent, but a Configure-Ack has not yet been
received. The Restart timer is running, since a Configure-Ack has
not yet been received.
Opened
In the Opened state, a Configure-Ack has been both sent and

received. The Restart timer is not running.
When entering the Opened state/ the implementation SHOULD signal
the upper layers that it is now Up. Conversely, when leaving the
Opened state/ the implementation SHOULD signal the upper layers
that it is now Down.
4.3. Events
Transitions and actions in the automaton are caused by events.
This event occurs when a lower layer indicates that it is ready to

carry packets.
Typically/ this event is used by a modem handling or calling

process, or by some other coupling of the PPP link to the physical
media, to signal LCP that the link is entering Link Establishment
phase.
It also can be used by LCP to signal each NCP that the link is
entering Network-Layer Protocol phase. That is/ the This-Layer-Up
action from LCP triggers the p event in the NCP.
Down
This event occurs when a lower layer indicates that it is no
longer ready to carry packets.
Typically/ this event is used by a inodem handling or calling

process/ or by some other coupling of the PPP link to the physical
media/ to signal LCP that the link is entering Link Dead phase.
It also can be used by LCP to signal each NCP that the link is
leaving Network-Layer Protocol phase. That is/ the This-Layer-
Down action from LCP triggers the Down event in the NCP.
Open
This event indicates that the link is administratively available

for traffic; that is/ the network administrator (human or program)
has indicated that the link is allowed to be Opened. When this
event occurs, and the link is not in the Opened state/ the
automaton attempts to send configuration packets to the peer.
If the automaton is not able to begin configuration (the lower

layer is Down/ or a previous Cise event has not completad)/ the
establishment of the link is autoinatically delayed.
When a Terminate-Request is received/ or other events occur which

cause the link to become unavailable/ the automaton will progress
to a state where the link is ready to re-open. No additional
administrativa intervention is necessary.
Implementation Option:
Experience has shown that users will execute an additional Open

command when they want to renegotiate the link. This might
indicate that new vales are to be negotiated.
Since this is not the meaning of the Open event, it is
suggested that when an Open user commarid is executed in the
Opened, Closing/ Stopping, or Stopped states, the
impleinentation issue a Down event, iminediately followed by an
Up event. Care must be taken that an intervening Down event
cannot occur from another source.
The Down followed by an Up will cause an orderly renegotiation

of the link/ by progressing through the Starting to the
Request-Sent state. This will cause the renegotiation of the
link, without any harmful side effects.
Glose
This event indicates that the link is not available for traffic;
that is, the network administrator (human or program) has

indicated that the link is not allowed to be Opened. When this
event occurs, and the link is not in the Closed state, the
automaton attempts to termnate the connection. Futher attempts
to re-configure the link are denied until a new Open event occurs.
When authentication fails, the link SHOULD be terminated, to

prevent attack by repetition and denial of service to other
users, Snce the link is administratively available (by
definition) , this can be accornplished by simulating a Cise
event to the LCP, immediately followed by an Open event. Care
must be taken that an intervening Cise event cannot occur from
another source.
The Cise followed by an Open will cause an orderly termination

of the link/ by progressing through the Closing to the Stopping
state, and the This-Layer-Finished action can disconnect the
link. The automaton waits in the Stopped or Starting states
for the next connection attempt.
Timeout (TO+,TO-)
This event indicates the expiration of the Restart timer. The

Restart timer is used to time responses to Configure-Request and
Terminate-Request packets.
The TO+ event indicates that the Restart counter contines to be

greater than zero, which triggers the corresponding Configure-
Request or Terminate-Request packet to be retransmitted.
The TO- event indicates that the Restart counter is not greater
than zero, and no more packets need to be retransmitted.
Receive-Configure-Request (RCR+,RCR-)
This event occurs when a Configure-Request packet is received from

the peer. The Configure-Request packet indicates the desire to
open a connection and may specify Configuration Options. The
Configure-Request packet is more fully described in a later
section.
The RCR+ event indicates that the Configure-Request was

acceptable, and triggers the transmission of a corresponding
Configure-Ack.
The RCR- event indicates that the Configure-Request was
unacceptable, and triggers the transmission of a corresponding

Configure-Nak or Configure-Reject.
Implernentation Note:
These events raay occur on a connection which is already in the

Opened state. The impleinentation MST be prepared to
immediately renegotiate the Configuration Options.
Receive-Configure-Ack (RCA)
This event occurs when a valid Configure-Ack packet is received

from the peer. The Configure-Ack packet is a positive response to
a Configure-Request packet. An out of sequence or otherwise
invalid packet is silently discarded.
Implementation Note;
Since the correct packet has already been received before

reaching the Ack-Rcvd or Opened states, it is extremely
unlikely that another such packet will arrive. As specified,
all invalid Ack/Nak/Rej packets are silently discarded, and do
not affect the transitions of the automaton.
However, it is not impossible that a correctly formed packet

will arrive through a coincidentally-timed cross-connection,
It is more likely to be the result of an implementation error..
At the very least, this occurance SHOLD be logged.
Receive-Configure-Nak/Rej (RCN)
This event occurs when a valid Configure-Nak or Configure-Reject

packet is received from the peer. The Configure-Nak and
Configure-Reject packets are negative responses to a Configure-
Request packet. An out of sequence or otherwise invalid packet is
silently discarded.
Although the Configure-Nak and Configure-Reject cause the same

state transition in the autoinaton, these packets have
significantly different effects on the Configuration Options
sent in the resulting Configure-Request packet.
Receive-Terminate-Request (RTR)
This event occurs when a Terminate-Request packet is received.

The Terminate-Request packet indicates the desire of the peer to
cise the connection.
This event is not identical to the Glose event (see above), and
does not override the Open corrunands of the local network
administrator. The implementation MST be prepared to receive
a new Configure-Reguest without network administrator
intervention.
Receive-Terminate-Ack (RTA)
This event occurs when a Terminate-Ack packet is received from the

peer. The Terminate-Ack packet is usually a response to a
Terminabe-Reguest packet. The Terminate-Ack packet may also
indicate that the peer is in Closed or Stopped states, and serves
to re-synchronize the link configuration.
Receive-Unknown-Code (RUC)
This event occurs when an un-interpretable packet is received from

the peer. A Code-Reject packet is sent in response.
Receive-Code-Reject, Receive-Protocol-Reject (RXJ-f,RXJ-)
This event occurs when a Code-Reject or a Protocol-Reject packet

is received from the peer.
The RXJ+ event arises when the rejected valu is acceptable, such
as a Code-Reject of an extended code, or a Protocol-Reject of a
NCP. These are within the scope of normal operation. The
implementation MUST stop sending the offending packet type.
The RXJ- event arises when the rejected valu is catastrophic,

such as a Code-Reject of Configure-Request, or a Protocol-Reject
of LCP! This event communicates an unrecoverable error that
terminates the connection.
Receive-Echo-Request, Receive-Echo-Reply, Receive-Discard-Request

(RXR)
This event occurs when an Echo-Request, Echo-Reply or Discard-

Request packet is received from the peer, The Echo-Reply packet
is a response to an Echo-Request packet. There is no reply to an
Echo-Reply or Discard-Request packet.
4.4. Actions
Actions in the automaton are caused by events and typically indicate

the transmission of packets and/or the starting or stopping of the
Restart timer.
Illegal-Event (-)
This indicates an event that cannot occur in a properly

implemented automaton, The implementation has an internal error,
which should be reported and logged. No transition is taken, and
the implementation SHOULD NOT reset or freeze.
This-Layer-Up (tlu)
This action indicates to the upper layers that the automaton is

entering the Opened state.
Typically, this action is used by the LCP to signal the Up event

to a NCP, Authentication Protocol, or Link Quality Protocol, or
MAY be used by a NCP to indcate that the link is available for
its network layer traffic.
This-Layer-Down (tld)
This action indicates to the upper layers that the automaton is

leaving the Opened state.
Typically, this action is used by the LCP to signal the Down event
to a NCP, Authentication Protocol, or Link Quality Protocol, or
MAY be used by a NCP to indcate that the link is no longer
available for its network layer traffic.
This-Layer-Started (tls)
This action indicates to the lower layers that the automaton is

entering the Starting state, and the lower layer is needed for the
link, The lower layer SHOULD respond with an Up event when the
lower layer is available.
This results of this action are highly implementation dependent.
This-Layer-Finished (tlf)
This action indicates to the lower layers that the automaton is

entering the Initial, Closed or Stopped states, and the lower
layer is no longer needed for the link. The lower layer SHOLD
respond with a Down event when the lower layer has terminated.
Typically, this action MAY be used by the LCP to advance to the

Link Dead phase, or MAY be used by a NCP to indicate to the LCP
that the link may termnate when there are no other NCPs open.
This results of this action are highly implementation dependent.
Initialize-Restart-Count (irc)
This action sets the Restart counter to the appropriate valu

(Max-Terminate or Max-Configure). The counter is decremented for
each transmission, including the first.
In addition to setting the Restart counter, the implementation

MST set the timeout period to the initial valu when Restart
timer backoff is used.
Zero-Restart-Count (zrc)
This action sets the Restart counter to zero.
This action enables the FSA to pause before proceeding to the

desired final state, allowing traffic to be processed by the
peer. In addition to zeroing the Restart counter, the
implementation MUST set the timeout period to an appropriate
valu.
Send-Configure-Request (ser)
A Configure-Request packet is transmitted. This indicates the
desire to open a connection with a specified set of Configuration
Options. The Restart timer is started when the Configure-Request
packet is transmitted, to guard against packet loss. The Restart
counter is decremented each time a Configure-Request is sent,
Send-Configure-Ack (sea)
A Configure-Ack packet is transmitted. This acknowledges the

reception of a Configure-Request packet with an acceptable set of
Configuration Options.
Send-Configure-Nak (sen)
A Configure-Nak or Configure-Reject packet is transmitted, as

appropriate. This negative response reports the reception of a
Configure-Request packet with an unacceptable set of Configuration

Options.
Configure-Nak packets are used to refuse a Configuration Option

valu, and to suggest a new, acceptable valu. Configure-Reject
packets are used to refuse all negotiation about a Configuration
Option, typically because it is not recognized or implemented.
The use of Configure-Nak versus Configure-Reject is more fully
described in the chapter on LCP Packet Formats.
Send-Terminate-Request (str)
A Terminate-Request packet is transmitted. This indicates the

desire to cise a connection, The Restart timer is started when
the Terminate-Request packet is transmitted, to guard against
packet loss. The Restart counter is decremented each time a
Terminate-Request is sent.
Send-Terminate-Ack (sta)
A Terminate-Ack packet is transmitted. This acknowledges the

reception of a Terminate-Request packet or otherwise serves to
synchronize the automatons.
Send-Code-Reject (scj)
A Code-Reject packet is transmitted. This indicates the reception

of an unknown type of packet.
Send-Echo-Reply (ser)
An Echo-Reply packet is transmitted. This acknowledges the

reception of an Echo-Request packet.
4.5. Loop Avoidance
The protocol rnakes a reasonable attempt at avoiding Configuration

Option negotiation loops. However, the protocol does NOT guarantee
that loops will not happen. As with any negotiation, it is possible
to configure two PPP implementations with conflicting policies that
will never converge. It is also possible to configure policies which
do converge, but which take significant time to do so. Implementors
should keep this in mind and SHOULD iraplement loop detection
mechanisms or higher level timeouts.
4.6. Counters and Timers
Restart Timer
There is one special timer used by the automaton. The Restart

timer is used to time transmissions of Configure-Request and
Terminate-Reguest packets. Expiration of the Restart timer causes
a Timeout event, and retransmission of the corresponding
Configure-Request or Terminate-Request packet. The Restart timer
MST be configurable, but SHOULD default to three (3) seconds.
The Restart timer SHOULD be based on the speed of the link.

The default valu is designed for low speed (2,400 to 9,600
bps), high switching latency links (typical telephone lines).
Higher speed links, or links with low switching latency, SHOULD
have correspondingly fster retransmission times.
Instead of a constant valu, the Restart timer MAY begin at an

initial small valu and increase to the configured final valu.
Each successive valu less than the final valu SHOULD be at
least twice the previous valu. The initial valu SHOULD be
large enough to account for the size of the packets, twice the
round trip time for transmission at the link speed, and at
least an additional 100 milliseconds to allow the peer to
process the packets before responding. Some circuits add
another 200 milliseconds of satellite delay. Round trip times
for modems operating at 14,400 bps have been measured in the
range of 160 to more than 600 milliseconds.
Max-Terminate
There is one required restart counter for Terminate-Requests.

Max-Terminate indicates the number of Terminate-Request packets
sent without receiving a Terminate-Ack before assuming that the
peer is unable to respond. Max-Terminate MUST be configurable,
but SHOULD default to two (2) transmissions.
Max-Configure
A similar counter is recommended for Configure-Requests. Max-

Configure indicates the number of Configure-Request packets sent
without receiving a valid Configure-Ack, Configure-Nak or
Configure-Reject before assuming that the peer is unable to
respond. Max-Configure MST be configurable, but SHOULD default
to ten (10) transmissions.
Max-Failure
A related counter is recommended for Configure-Nak. Max-Failure

indicates the number of Configure-Nak packets sent without sending
a Configure-Ack before assuming that configuration is not
converging. Any further Configure-Nak packets for peer requested
options are converted to Configure-Reject packets, and locally
desired options are no longer appended. Max-Failure MUST be
configurable, but SHOULD default to five (5) transmissions.
LCP Packet Formats
There are three classes of LCP packets:
1. Link Configuration packets used to establish and configure a

link (Configure-Request, Configure-Ack, Configure-Nak and
Configure-Reject).
2. Link Termination packets used to termnate a link (Terminate-

Request and Terminate-Ack).
3. Link Maintenance packets used to manage and debug a link

{Code-Reject, Protocol-Reject, Echo-Request, Echo-Reply, and
Discard-Request).
In the interest of siinplicity, there is no versin field in the LCP

packet. A correctly functioning LCP implementation will always
respond to unknown Protocols and Codes with an easily recognizable
LCP packet/ thus providing a deterministic fallback mechanism for
implernentations of other versions.
Regardless of which Configuration Options are enabled, all LCP Link

Configuration, Link Termination, and Code-Reject packets (codes 1
through 7) are always sent as if no Configuration Options were
negotiated. In particular, each Configuration Option specifies a
default valu. This ensures that such LCP packets are always
recognizable, even when one end of the link mistakenly believes the
link to be open.
Exactly one LCP packet is encapsulated in the PPP Information field,

where the PPP Protocol field indicates type hex c021 (Link Control
Protocol).
A summary of the Link Control Protocol packet format is shown below.

The fields are transmitted from left to right.
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+ _ + _ + _ + _ + _+_^._ -j.i.jt.j+_+_+_ + _ + _ + _ + _ + _ + _ + _ + _ + _ + 4. + M + _ + _ + _ + _ + _ +
| Code [ Identifier | Length |

+ -+-+-+-+-+-+-4.}--+-+-+-.j+-+_+_ + _ + _ + _ + _ + _ + _^ + + _ + _.,._ + _ + _ + _ + M + _ +
I Data . . .
-i+-+i+
Code
The Code field is one octet, and identifes the kind of LCP
packet. When a packet is received with an unknown Code field, a

Code-Rej ect packet is transmitted.
Up-to-date vales of the LCP Code field are specified in the most
recent "Assigned Numbers" RFC [2]. This document concerns the
following vales:
1 Configure-Request
2 Configure-Ack
3 Configure-Nak
4 Configure-Rej ect
5 Terminate-Request
6 Terminate-Ack
7 Code-Reject
8 Protocol-Reject
9 Echo-Request
10 Echo-Reply
11 Discard-Request
Identifier
The Identifier field is one octet, and aids in matching requests

and replies. When a packet is received with an invalid Identifier
field, the packet is silently discarded without affecting the
automaton,
Length
The Length field is two octets, and indicates the length of the
LCP packet, including the Code, Identifier, Length and Data
fields. The Length MST NOT exceed the MR of the link.
Octets outside the range of the Length field are treated as

padding and are ignored on reception. When a packet is received
with an invalid Length field, the packet is silently discarded
without affecting the automaton.
Data
The Data field is zero or more octets, as indicated by the Length

field. The format of the Data field is deterinined by the Code
field.
5.1. Configure-Request
Description
An implementation wishing to open a connection MUST transmit a

Configure-Request. The Options field is filled with any desired
changes to the link defaults. Configuration Options SHOULD NOT be
included with default vales.
pon reception of a Configure-Request, an appropriate reply MUST

be transmitted.
A summary of the Configure-Request packet format is shown below. The

fields are transmitted from left to right.
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
4._4._4._4._4._4._4.^4-_4._4.-4.-4.-4._4.-4.^4--4-_4.-4.-4--4--4.-4._4.-4._4.-4._4.-4-_4.-4--4--4.
| Code | Identifier ] Length |

+-+^+-+-.+-+-+-+~+-+-+-+~+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+~+-+-+~+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+~+
| Options ...
4+-4{-- 4-
Code
1 for Configure-Request.
Identifier
The Identifier field MUST be changed whenever the contents of the
Options field changes, and whenever a valid reply has been
received for a previous reguest. For retransmissions, the
Identifier MAY remain unchanged.
Options
The options field is variable in length/ and contains the list of

zero or more Configuration Options that the sender desires to
negotiate. All Configuration Options are always negotiated
simultaneously. The format of Configuration Options is further
described in a later chapter.
5.2. Configure-Ack
Description
If every Configuration Option received in a Configure-Request is

recognizable and all vales are acceptable, then the
implementation MUST transmit a Configure-Ack. The acknowledged
Configuration Options MUST NOT be reordered or raodified in any
way.
On reception of a Configure-Ack, the Identifier field MUST match

that of the last transmitted Configure-Request. Additionally, the
Configuration Options in a Configure-Ack MUST exactly match those
of the last transmitted Configure-Reguest. Invalid packets are
silently discarded.
A summary of the Configure-Ack packet format is shown below. The

0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
-}--+-+-+-+-+-+-+i+-+-+-+-+-+-+1+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Code | Identifier | Length |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-------+---
| Options ...
TH i 1 T
Code
2 for Configure-Ack.
Identifier
The Identifier field is a copy of the Identifier field of the

Configure-Request which caused this Configure-Ack.
Options
The Options field is variable in length/ and contains the list of

2ero or more Configuration Options that the sender is
acknowledging. All Configuration Options are always acknowledged
simultaneously.
5.3. Configure-Nak
Description
If- every instance of the received Configuration Options is
recognizable/ but some vales are not acceptable/ then the
impleinentation MST transmit a Configure-Nak. The Options field
is filled with only the unacceptable Configuration Options frorn
the Configure-Request. All acceptable Configuration Options are
filtered out of the Configure-Nak/ but otherwise the Configuration
Options from the Configure-Request MST NOT be reordered.
Options which have no valu fields (boolean options) MST use the
Configure-Reject reply instead.
Each Configuration Option which is allowed only a single instance

MST be modified to a valu acceptable to the Configure-Nak
sender. The default valu MAY be used, when this differs from the
requested valu.
When a particular type of Configuration Option can be listed more

than once with different vales/ the Configure-Nak MST include a
list of all vales for that option which are acceptable to the
Configure-Nak sender. This includes acceptable vales that were
present in the Configure-Request,
Finally, an implementation may be configured to request the

negotiation of a specific Configuration Option. If that option is
not listed/ then that option MAY be appended to the list of Nak'd
Configuration Options, in order to prompt the peer to include that
option in its next Configure-Request packet. Any valu fields for
the option MST indcate vales acceptable to the Configure-Nak
sender.
On reception of a Configure-Nak/ the Identifier field MST match

that of the last transmitted Configure-Request. Invalid packets
are silently discarded.
Reception of a valid Configure-Nak indicates that when a new

Configure-Request is sent/ the Configuration Options MAY be
modified as specified in the Configure-Nak. When mltiple
instances of a Configuration Option are present/ the peer SHOLD
select a single valu to include in its next Configure-Request
packet.
Some Configuration Options have a variable length. Since the

Nak'd Option has been modified by the peer, the implementation
MST be able to handle an Option length which is different from
the original Configure-Request.
A summary of the Configure-Nak packet format is shown below. The

0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
_t-_+ +4_+-++-+- + _4._+ _+ _+ _-,_+_+_+_++_+_+_4._+ _+ _4.M+M+ _4._+_+ _+ _+ +
1 Code I Identifier ] Length |
+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+f.--_+_+_.+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+M+_+_+
| Options ...
+-4-+-+-+
Code
3 for Configure-Nak.
Identifier

Configure-Request which caused this Configure-Nak.
Options
The Options field is variable in length, and contains the list of

zero or more Configuration Options that the sender is Nak'ing.
All Configuration Options are always Nak'd simultaneously .
5.4. Conf igure-Re j ect
Description
If some Configuration Options received in a Configure-Request are

not recognizable or are not acceptable for negotiation {as
configured by a network administrator) , then the implementation
MUST transmit a Conf igure-Re j ect . The Options field is filled
with only the unacceptable Configuration Options from the
Configure-Request. All recognizable and negotiable Configuration
Options are filtered out of the Configure-Reject, but otherwise
the Configuration Options MST NOT be reordered or rnodified in any
way .
On reception of a Conf igure-Re j ect r the Identifier field MST

match that of the last transmitted Configure-Request.
Additionally, the Configuration Options in a Configure-Reject MUST
be a proper subset of those in the last transmitted Configure-

Request. Invalid packets are silently discarded.
Reception of a valid Configure-Reject indicates that when a new

Configure-Request is sent, it MUST NOT include any of the
Configuration Options Usted in the Configure-Reject.
A summary of the Configure-Reject packet format is shown below. The

0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
|
r Tr. ri r>. TI T I _L
1 "1-J 11 ^1- _1_
1 ^ TJ 1,
| Code | Identifier ] Length
[ Options . . .
Code
4 for Configure-Reject.
Identifier

Configure-Request which caused this Conf igure-Rej ect .
Options
The Options field is variable in length, and contains the list of
zero or more Configuration Options that the sender is rejecting.
All Configuration Options are always rejected simultaneously.
5.5. Terminate-Request and Terminate-Ack
Description
LCP includes Terminate-Request and Terminate-Ack Codes in order to

provide a mechanism for closing a connection.
An implementation wishing to cise a connection SHOULD transmit a

Terminate-Request. Terminate-Request packets SHOULD continu to
be sent until Terminate-Ack is received, the lower layer indicates
that it has gone down, or a sufficiently large number have been
transmitted such that the peer is down with reasonable certainty.
Opon reception of a Terminate-Request, a Terminate-Ack MUST be

transmitted.
Reception of an unelicited Terminate-Ack indicates that the peer

is in the Closed or Stopped states, or is otherwise in need of
re-negotiation.
A summary of the Terminate-Request and Terminate-Ack packet formats

is shown below. The fields are transmitted from left to right.
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
Code [ Identifier ] Length

f._+_+_+_+_+_++j
Data . . .
Code
5 for Terminate-Request;
6 for Terminate-Ack.
Identifier
On transmission, the Identifier field MUST be changed whenever the

content of the Data field changes, and whenever a valid reply has
been received for a previous request. For retransmissions, the
On reception, the Identifier field of the Terminate-Request is

copied into the Identifier field of the Terminate-Ack packet.
Data
The Data field is zero or more octets, and contains uninterpreted

data for use by the sender. The data may consist of any binary
valu. The end of the field is indicated by the Length.
5.6. Code-Reject
Description
Reception of a LCP packet with an unknown Code indicates that the

peer is operating with a different versin. This MST be reported
back to the sender of the unknown Code by transmitting a Code-
Re j ect .
pon reception of the Code-Reject of a code which is fundamental

to this versin of the protocol, the implementation SHOULD report
the problem and drop the connection, since it is unlikely that the
situation can be rectified automatically .
A summary of the Code-Reject packet format is shown below. The

0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+_+_+-+-+-+
+~+-+-+-+-4--+-+-+-+--f-+-+-+-+--f--f-+-+-+-+-+-4--4--+-+-+-+-+--j--+-+-4-
| Rejected-Packet ...
Code
7 for Code-Reject.
Identifier
The Identifier field MUST be changed for each Code-Reject sent .
Re j ected-Packet
The Rejected-Packet field contains a copy of the LCP packet which

is being rejected. It begins with the Information field, and does
not include any Data Link Layer headers or an FCS . The
Rejected-Packet MST be truncated to coinply with the peer ' s
established MR.
5.7. Protocol-Reject
Description
Reception of a PPP packet with an unknown Protocol field indicates

that the peer is attempting to use a protocol which is
unsupported. This usually occurs when the peer attempts to
configure a new protocol. If the LCP automaton is in the Opened
state, then this MUST be reported back to the peer by transmitting
a Protocol-Reject .
pon reception of a Protocol-Reject, the implementation MST stop

sending packets of the indicated protocol at the earliest
opportunity .
Protocol-Reject packets can only be sent in the LCP Opened state.

Protocol-Reject packets received in any state other than the LCP
Opened state SHOULD be silently discarded.
A summary of the Protocol-Reject packet format is shown below. The

0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
| Rejected-Protocol | Rejected-Information ...
Code
8 for Protocol-Reject.
Identifier
The Identifier field MUST be changed for each Protocol-Reject

sent.
Rej ected-Protocol
The Rejected-Protocol field is two octets, and contains the PPP

Protocol field of the packet which is being rejected.
Rej ected-Information
The Rejected-Information field contains a copy of the packet which

is being rejected. It begins with the Information field, and does
not include any Data Link Layer headers or an FCS. The
Rejected-Information MUST be truncated to comply with the peer's
established MRU.
5.8. Echo-Request and Echo-Reply
Description
LCP includes Echo-Request and Echo-Reply Codes in order to provide

a Data Link Layer loopback mechanism for use in exercising both
directions of the link. This is useful as an aid in debugging,
link guality determination, performance testing, and for numerous
other functions.
Upon reception of an Echo-Reguest in the LCP Opened state, an

Echo-Reply MUST be transmitted.
Echo-Request and Echo-Reply packets MUST only be sent in the LCP

Opened state. Echo-Request and Echo-Reply packets received in any
state other than the LCP Opened state SHOULD be silently
discarded.
A summary of the Echo-Request and Echo-Reply packet formats is shown

below. The fields are transmitted from left to right.
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
] Magic-Number [
I Data ...
-+-+-+-+
Code
9 for Echo-Request;
10 for Echo-Reply.
Identifier
On transmission, the Identifier field MUST be changed whenever the

content of the Data field changes/ and whenever a valid reply has
been received for a previous request. For retransmissions, the
On reception, the Identifier field of the Echo-Request is copied

into the Identifier field of the Echo-Reply packet.
Magic-Number
The Magic-Number field is four octets, and aids in detecting links

which are in the looped-back condition. ntil the Magic-Number
Configuration Option has been successfully negotiated, the Magic-
Number MUST be transmitted as zero. See the Magic-Number
Configuration Option for further explanation.
Data

5.9. Discard-Request
Description
LCP includes a Discard-Request Code in order to provide a Data

Link Layer sink mechanism for use in exercising the local to
remote direction of the link. This is useful as an aid in
debugging, performance testing, and for numerous other functions.
Discard-Request packets MUST only be sent in the LCP Opened state.

On reception, the receiver MUST silently discard any Discard-
Request that it receives.
A summary of the Discard-Request packet format is shown below, The

O 1 2 3 .
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+ + + -+_ + _ + _ + -+-+_+_ + -+-+_ + _ + _+-+_ + _ + _+-+_ + _ + + _+_ + _ + + _ + _ + _ + + _ +

+_++-+_+_+_+-+-+_+_+-++-+_+_++_+_+_+_+-+_+_+-+_+_++_+_+_++_+
| Magic-Number I
+ _ 4 ._ + + _4._ + _ + _ + _ + - + _ + _4._ + _ + _ + _ + _ + + + _ + _ + + _ + _ + _4.4._ + _ + _ + - + _ + _ 4 .^ +
| Data . . .
+t{--+
Code
11 for Discard-Request.
Identifier
The Identifier field MUST be changad for each Discard-Request

sent.
Magic-Number
The Magic-Number field is four octets, and aids in detecting links

which are in the looped-back condition. Until the Magic-Number
Configuration Option has been successfully negotiated, the Magic-
Number MUST be transmitted as zero. See the Magic-Number
Configuration Option for further explanation.
Data

6- LCP Configuration Options
LCP Configuration Options allow negotiation of modifications to the

default characteristics of a point-to-point link. If a Configuration
Option is not included in a Configure-Request packet, the default
valu for that Configuration Option is assumed.
Some Configuration Options MAY be usted more than once. The effect
of this is Configuration Option specific, and is specified by each
such Configuration Option description. (None of the Configuration
Options in this specification can be listed more than once.)
The end of the list of Configuration Options is indicated by the

Length field of the LCP packet.
nless otherwise specified, all Configuration Options apply in a

half-duplex fashion; typically, in the receive direction of the link
from the point of view of the Configure-Request sender.
Design Philosophy
The options indcate additional capabilities or requirements of

the implernentation that is requesting the option, An
implernentation which does not understand any option SHOULD
interoperate with one which implements every option.
A default is specified for each option which allows the link to

correctly function without negotiation of the option, although
perhaps with less than optimal performance.
Except where explicitly specified/ acknowledgement of an option

does not require the peer to take any additional action other than
the default.
It is not necessary to send the default vales for the options in

a Configure-Request.
A summary of the Configuration Option format is shown below. The

O 1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
+ _ + _ + _ + _+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+~.f _+_+_+-+-+-+-+-+
| Type | Length | Data
Type
The Type field is one octet/ and indicates the type of

Configuration Option. Up-to-date vales of the LCP Option Type
field are specified in the most recent "Assigned Numbers" RFC [2].
This document concerns the following vales:
0 RESERVED
1 Maximum-Receive-Unit
3 Authentcation-Protocol
4 Quality-Protocol
5 Magic-Number
7 Protocol-Field-Compression
8 Address-and-Control-Field-Compression
Length
The Length field is one octet, and indicates the length of this
Configuration Option including the Type/ Length and Data fields.
If a negotiable Configuration Option is received in a Configure-

Request/ but with an invalid or unrecognized Length/ a Configure-
Nak SHOULD be transmitted which includes the desired Configuration
Option with an appropriate Length and Data.
Data
The Data field is zero or more octets/ and contains information

specific to the Configuration Option, The format and length of
the Data field is determined by the Type and Length fields.
When the Data field is indicated by the Length to extend beyond

the end of the Information field/ the entire packet is silently
discarded without affecting the automaton.
6.1. Maximum-Receive-Unit (MRU)
Description
This Configuration Option may be sent to inform the peer that the
implementation can receive larger packets, or to request that the
peer send smaller packets.
The default valu is 1500 octets. If smaller packets are

requested, an implementation MUST still be able to receive the
full 1500 octet information field in case link synchronization is
lost.
Implementation Note;
This option is used to indcate an implementation capability.

The peer is not required to maximize the use of the capacity.
For example, when a MR is indicated which is 2048 octets, the
peer is not required to send any packet with 2048 octets. The
peer need not Configure-Nak to indcate that it will only send
smaller packets, since the implementation will always require
support for at least 1500 octets.
A summary of the Maximum-Receive-Unit Configuration Option format is

shown below. The fields are transmitted from left to right .
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+-+-+_+_+_4.^+_+-+_+-+_+_+_+_+_+_+-+_+_+_+-+-+_+_+_+
| Type | Length | Maximum-Receive-nit ]
Type
Length
Maximum-Receive-Dnit
The Maximum-Receive-nit field is two octets, and specifies the

mximum nurnber of octets in the Information and Padding fields .
It does not include the framing, Protocol field, FCS, or any
transparency bits or bytes .
6.2. Authentication-Protocol
Description
On some links it may be desirable to require a peer to

authenticate itself before allowing network-layer protocol packets
to be exchanged.
This Configuration Option provides a method to negotiate the use

of a specific protocol for authentication, By default,
authentication is not required.
An implementation MST NOT include mltiple Authentication-

Protocol Configuration Options in its Conf igure-Request packets .
Instead, it SHOULD attempt to configure the most desirable
protocol f irst . If that protocol is Configure-Nak'd, then the
implementation SHOLD attempt the next most desirable protocol in
the next Conf igure-Request .
The implementation sending the Conf igure-Request is indicating

that it expects authentication from its peer. If an
implementation sends a Configure-Ack, then it is agreeing to
authenticate with the specified protocol. An implementation
receiving a Configure-Ack SHOLD expect the peer to authenticate
with the acknowledged protocol.
There is no requirement that authentication be full-duplex or that

the same protocol be used in both directions. It is perfectly
acceptable for different protocols to be used in each direction.
This will, of course, depend on the specific protocols negotiated.
A summary of the Authentication-Protocol Configuration Option format
is shown below. The fields are transmitted from left to right .
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 3 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 3 9 0 1
H
Type | Length | Authentication-Protocol
Data . . .
Type
Length
>= 4
Authentication-Protocol
The Authentication-Protocol field is two octets, and indicates the

authentication protocol desired. Vales for this field are always
the same as the PPP Protocol field vales for that same
authentication protocol.
Up-to-date vales of the Authentication-Protocol field are

specified in the most recent "Assigned Numbers" RFC [2] . Current
vales are assigned as follows:
c023 Password Authentication Protocol

c223 Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol
Data
The Data field is zero or more octets, and contains additional

data as determined by the particular protocol.
6.3. Quality-Protocol
Description
On some links it may be desirable to determine when, and how

often, the link is dropping data. This process is called link
quality monitoring.

of a specific protocol for link quality monitoring. By default,
link quality monitoring is disabled.
The implementation sending the Configure-Request is indicating

that it expects to receive monitoring information from its peer.
If an implementation sends a Configure-Ack, then it is agreeing to
send the specified protocol. An implementation receiving a
Configure-Ack SHOULD expect the peer to send the acknowledged
protocol.
There is no requirement that quality monitoring be full-duplex or
that the same protocol be used in both directions. It is

perfectly acceptable for different protocols to be used in each
direction. This will, of course, depend on the specific protocols
negotiated.
A summary of the Quality-Protocol Configuration Option format is

shown below. The fields are transmitted from left to right.
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
j. f, r 1 j f- -f: 1
1- 1 1 T 1 1 T 1
Type | Length ] Quality-Protocol
Data . . .
Type
Length
>= 4
Quality-Protocol
The Quality-Protocol field s two octets, and indicates the link

quality monitoring protocol desired. Vales for this field are
always the same as the PPP Protocol field vales for that same
monitoring protocol.
Up-to-date vales of the Quality-Protocol field are specified in

the most recent "Assigned Numbers" RFC [2] . Current vales are
assigned as f ollows :
c025 Link Quality Report
Data
The Data field is zero or more octets, and contains additional

data as determined by the particular protocol.
6.4. Magic-Number
Description
This Configuration Option provides a method to detect looped-back

links and other Data Link Layer anomalies . This Configuration
Option MAY be required by some other Configuration Options such as
the Quality-Protocol Configuration Option. By default, the
Magic-Number is not negotiated, and zero is inserted where a
Magic-Number might otherwise be used.
Bef ore this Configuration Option is requested, an implementation

MUST choose its Magic-Number. It is recommended that the Magic-
Number be chosen in the most random manner possible in order to
guarantee with very high probability that an impleinentation will
arrive at a unque number. A good way to choose a unique random
number is to start with a unique seed. Suggested sources of
uniqueness include machine serial numbers, other network hardware
addresses, time-of-day clocks, etc. Particularly good random
number seeds are precise measurements of the inter-arrival time of
physical events such as packet reception on other connected
networks, server response time, or the typing rate of a human
user. It is also suggested that as many sources as possible be
used simultaneously.
When a Configure-Request is received with a Magic-Number

Configuration Option, the received Magic-Number is compared with
the Magic-Number of the last Configure-Request sent to the peer.
If the two Magic-Numbers are different, then the link is not
looped-back, and the Magic-Number SHOULD be acknowledged. If the
two Magic-Numbers are equal, then it is possible, but not certain,
that the link is looped-back and that this Configure-Request is
actually the one last sent. To determine this, a Configure-Nak
MUST be sent specifying a different Magic-Number valu. A new
Configure-Request SHOCJLD NOT be sent to the peer until normal
processing would cause it to be sent (that is, until a Configure-
Nak is received or the Restart timer runs out).
Reception of a Configure-Nak with a Magic-Number different from

that of the last Configure-Nak sent to the peer proves that a link
is not looped-back, and indicates a unique Magic-Number. If the
Magic-Number is equal to the one sent in the last Configure-Nak,
the possibility of a looped-back link is increased, and a new
Magic-Number MUST be chosen. In either case, a new Configure-
Request SHOULD be sent with the new Magic-Number.
If the link is indeed looped-back, this seguence (transmit

Configure-Request, receive Configure-Request, transmit Configure-
Nak, receive Configure-Nak) will repeat over and over again. If

the link is not looped-back, this sequence might occur a few
times, but it is extremely unlikely to occur repeatedly. More
likely, the Magic-Nunibers chosen at either end will quickly
diverge, terminating the sequence. The following table shows the
probability of collisions assuming that both ends of the link
select Magic-Numbers with a perfectly uniform distribution:
Number of Collisions Probability
1 l/2**32 = 2.3 E-10

2 l/2**32**2 = 5.4 E-20
3 l/2**32**3 = 1.3 E-29
Good sources of uniqueness or randomness are required for this

divergence to occur. If a good source of uniqueness cannot be
found, it is recommended that this Configuration Option not be
enabled; Configure-Requests with the option SHODLD NOT be
transmitted and any Magic-Number Configuration Options which the
peer sends SHOULD be either acknowledged or rejected. In this
case, looped-back links cannot be reliably detected by the
implementation, although they may still be detectable by the peer.
If an implementation does transmit a Configure-Request with a

Magic-Number Configuration Option, then t MUST NOT respond with a
Configure-Reject when it receives a Configure-Request with a
Magic-Number Configuration Option. That is, if an implementation
desires to use Magic Numbers, then it MQST also allow its peer to
do so. If an implementation does receive a Configure-Reject in
response to a Configure-Request , it can only mean that the link is
not looped-back, and that its peer will not be using Magic-
Numbers . In this case, an implementation SHOULD act as if the
negotiation had been successful (as if it had instead received a
Configure-Ack) .
The Magic-Number also may be used to detect looped-back links

during normal operation, as well as during Configuration Option
negotiation. All LCP Echo-Request, Echo-Reply, and Discard-
Request packets nave a Magic-Number field. If Magic-Number has
been successfully negotiated, an implementation MUST transmit
these packets with the Magic-Number field set to its negotiated
Magic-Number .
The Magic-Number field of these packets SHOULD be inspected on

reception. All received Magic-Number fields MST be equal to
either zero or the peer's unique Magic-Number/ depending on
whether or not the peer negotiated a Magic-Number.
Reception of a Magic-Number field equal to the negotiated local

Magic-Number indicates a looped-back link. Reception of a Magic-
Number other than the negotiated local Magic-Number, the peer's
negotiated Magic-Number, or zero if the peer didn't negotiate one,
indicates a link which has been (mis) conf igured for Communications
with a different peer.
Procedures for recovery from either case are unspecified, and may
vary from implementation to implementation. A somewhat
pessimistic procedure is to assume a LCP Down event . A further
Open event will begin the process of re-establishing the link,
which can't complete until the looped-back condition is
terminated, and Magic-Number s are successfully negotiated. A more
optimistic procedure (in the case of a looped-back link) is to
begin transmitting LCP Echo-Request packets until an appropriate
Echo-Reply is received, indicating a termination of the looped-
back condition.
A summary of the Magic-Number Configuration Option format is shown

below, The fields are transmitted from left to right.
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+_4._+_+_+_+_+_4._+_+_4._+_4._+_+_++_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+-+_+_+_+_+_+
I Type [ Length 1 Magic-Number

4._+ _ + _+ +M+ _+M+ _+ _^_+_+_+_4._+ _+ _+ _+ _+ _+ _+_+^+ _+ _4._+ _ + _+ _ + _+ _+M+ _+
Magic-Number ( cont ) |
Type
Length
6
Magic-Number
The Magic-Number field is four octets, and indicates a number

which is very likely to be unique to one end of the link. A
Magic-Number of zero is illegal and MST always be Nak'd, if it is
not Rejected outright.
6.5. Protocol-Field-Coinpression (PFC)
Description
This Configuration Option provides a method to negotiate the

compression of the PPP Protocol field. By default, all
implementations MST transmit packets with two octet PPP Protocol
fields.
PPP Protocol field numbers are chosen such that some vales may be
compressed into a single octet form which is clearly
distinguishable from the two octet form. This Configuration
Option is sent to inform the peer that the implementation can
receive such single octet Protocol fields.
As previously mentioned, the Protocol field uses an extensin

mechanism consistent with the ISO 3309 extensin mechanism for the
Address field; the Least Significant Bit (LSB) of each octet is
used to indicate extensin of the Protocol field. A binary "O" as
the LSB indicates that the Protocol field contines with the
following octet. The presence of a binary "1" as the LSB marks
the last octet of the Protocol field. Notice that any number of
"O" octets may be prepended to the field, and will still indicate
the same valu (consider the two binary representations for 3,
00000011 and 00000000 00000011).
When using low speed links, it is desirable to conserve bandwidth

by sending as little redundant data as possible. The Protocol-
Field-Compression Configuration Option allows a trade-off between
implementation simplicity and bandwidth efficiency. If
successfully negotiated, the ISO 3309 extensin mechanism may be
used to compress the Protocol field to one octet instead of two.
The large majority of packets are compressible since data
protocols are typically assigned with Protocol field. vales less
than 256.
Compressed Protocol fields MST NOT be transmitted unless this

Configuration Option has been negotiated. When negotiated, PPP
implementations MST accept PPP packets with either double-octet
or single-octet Protocol fields, and MST NOT distinguish between
them.
The Protocol field is never compressed when sending any LCP

packet. This rule guarantees unambiguous recognition of LCP
packets.
When a Protocol field is compressed, the Data Link Layer FCS field
is calculated on the compressed frame, not the original
uncompressed frame.
A summary of the Protocol-Field-Compression Configuration Option

format is shown below. The fields are transmitted from left to
right.
O 1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
[ Type | Length |
T r~ T~ H~ip-f- -J j ] f + + "i i "i J-
Type
7-
Length
6.6. Address-and-Control-Field-Compression (ACFC)
Description
This Configuration Option provides a method to negotiate the

compression of the Data Link Layer Address and Control fields. By
default, all implementations MST transmit frames with Address and
Control fields appropriate to the link framing.
Since these fields usually nave constant vales for point~to-point

links, they are easily compressed. This Configuration Option is
sent to inform the peer that the iinplementation can receive
cornpressed Address and Control fields.
If a compressed frame is received when Address-and-Control-Field-

Compression has not been negotiated, the implementation MAY
silently discard the frame.
The Address and Control fields MST NOT be compressed when sending
any LCP packet. This rule guarantees unambiguous recognition of
LCP packets.
When the Address and Control fields are compressed, the Data Link
Layer FCS field is calculated on the compressed frame, not the
original uncompressed frame.
A summary of the Address-and-Control-Field-Compression Configuration

option format is shown below. The fields are transmitted from left
to right.
O 1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5
+_
+ _4._+ _
+ _+.._+M+ _+ _+_4._4._+M+ _+ _+
I Type [ Length |
^+-4-_+_+_+_+_+_+M+_+^+_^._+_+_+_+
Type
Length
2
Security issues are briefly discussed in sections concerning the

Authentication Phase, the Glose event, and the Authentication-
Protocol Configuration Option.
References
[1] Perkins, D., "Requirements for an Internet Standard Point-to-

Point Protocol", RFC 1547, Carnegie Mellon University,
December 1993.
[2] Reynolds, J., and Postel, J,, "Assigned Numbers", STD 2, RFC
1340, USC/Information Sciences Institute, July 1992.
Acknowledgements
This document is the product of the Point-to-Point Protocol Working

Group of the Internet Engineering Xask Forc (IETF). Comments should
be submitted to the ietf-ppp@merit.edu mailing list.
Much of the text in this document is taken from the working group
requirements [1]; and RFCs 1171 & 1172, by Drew Perkins while at
Carnegie Mellon University, and by Russ Hobby of the University of
California at Davis.
William Simpson was principally responsible for introducing

consistent terminology and philosophy, and the re-design of the phase
and negotiation state machines.
Many people spent significant time helping to develop the Point-to-

Point Protocol, The complete list of people is too numerous to list,
but the following people deserve special thanks: Rick Adams, Ken
Adelman, Fred Baker, Mike Ballard, Craig Fox, Karl Fox, Phill Gross,
Kory Hamzeh, former WG chair Russ Hobby, David Kaufman, former WG
chair Steve Knowles, Mark Lewis, former WG chair Brian Lloyd, John
LoVerso, Bill Melohn, Mike Patton, former WG chair Drew Perkins, Greg
SatZf John Shriver, Vernon Schryver, and Asher Waldfogel.
Special thanks to Morning Star Technologies for providing computing

resources and network access support for writing this specification.
Chair's Address
The working group can be contacted via the current chair:
Fred Baker
Advanced Computer Communications
315 Bollay Drive
Santa Barbara, California 93117
fbaker@acc.com
Editor's Address
Questions about this memo can also be directed to:

Daydreamer
9- 1384 Fontaine
Bill. Sirnpson@um. cc.umich. edu

bsimpson@MorninqStar.com
RFC 1662 - PPP in HDLC-like Framing
SJetwork Working Group W. Simpson, Editor

Request for Comments: 1662 Daydreamer
STD: 51 July 1994
Obsoletas: 1549
Category: Standards Track
PPP in HDLC-like Framing
Status of this Memo

Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for
improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet
Official Protocol Standards" {STD 1) for the standardization state
and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
Abstract
The Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) [1] provides a standard method for

transporting multi-protocol datagrams over point-to-point links.
This document describes the use of HDLC-like framing for PPP

encapsulated packets.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction 1
1.1 Specif ication of Requirements , . 2
1.2 Terminology 2
2. Physical Layer Requirements 3
3. The Data Link Layer 4

3 .1 Fraine Format 5
3.2 Modification of the Basic Frame 7
4. Octet-stuffed framing 8
4 .1 Flag Sequence 8
4.2 Transparency 8
4 .3 Invalid Frames . 9
4. 4 Time Fill 9
4.4.1 Octet-synchronous 9
4.4.2 Asynchronous 9
4.5 Transirssion Considerations 10
4.5.1 Octet-synchronous 10
4.5.2 Asynchronous 10
5. Bit-stuffed framing 11
5 .1 Flag Sequence . . 11
5.2 Transparency 11
5.3 Invalid Frames ' 11
5.4 Time Fill 11
5.5 Transmission Considerations 12
6. Asynchronous to Synchronous Conversin 13
7. Additional LCP Configuration Options . 14

7.1 Async-Control-Character-Map (ACCM) .............. 14
APPENDICES -- - - 17
A. Recommended LCP Options 17
B. Automatic Recognition of PPP Frames 17
C. Fast Frame Check Sequence (FCS) Implementation 18
C. 1 FCS table generator 18
C. 2 16-bit FCS Computation Method 19
C.3 32-bit FCS Computation Method , , 21
SECRITY CONSIDERATJONS -- 24
REFERENCES , 24
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 25
CHAIR ' S ADDRESS 25
EDITOR1 S ADDRESS . 25
1. Introduction
This specification provides for framing over both Mt-oriented and

octet-oriented synchronous links, and asynchronous liriks with 8 bits
of data and no parity. These links MST be full-duplex, but MAY be
either dedicated or circuit-switched.
An escape mechanism is specified to allow control data such as

XON/XOFF to be transmitted transparently over the link, and to remove
spurious control data which may be injected into the link by
intervening hardware and software.
Some protocols expect error free transmission, and either provide

error detection only on a conditional basis, or do not provide it at
all. PPP uses the HDLC Frame Check Sequence for error detection.
This is commonly available in hardware implementations, and a
software implementation is provided.
1.1. Specification of Requirements
In this document, several words are used to signify the requirements

of the specification. These words are often capitalized.
MUST This word, or the adjective "required", means that the

definition is an absolute requirement of the specification.
MUST NOT This phrase means that the definition is an absoluta

prohibition of the specification.
SHOLD This word, or the adjective "recommended", means that there

may exist valid reasons in particular circumstances to
ignore this tem, but the full implications must be
understood and carefully weighed before choosing a
different course.
MAY This word, or the adjective "optional", means that this

tem is one of an allowed set of alternativas. An
implementation which does not .include this option MUST be
prepared to interoperate with another implementation which
does include the option.
1.2. Terminology
This document frequently uses the following terms:

datagram The unit of transmission in the network layer (such as IP) .
A datagrarn may be encapsulated in one or more packets
passed to the data link layer.
frame The unit of transmission at the data link layer. A frame

may include a header and/or a trailer, along with some
number of units of data.
packet The basic unit of encapsulation, which is passed across the

interface between the network layer and the data link
layer. A packet is usually mapped to a frame; the
exceptions are when data link layer fragmentation is being
performed, or when mltiple packets are incorporated into a
single frame.
peer The other end of the point-to-point link.
silently discard
The implementation discards the packet without further
processing. The implementation SHOLD provide the
capability of logging the error, including the contents of
the silently discarded packet, and SHOOLD record the event
in a statistics counter.
Physical Layer Requirements
PPP is capable of operating across most DTE/DCE interfaces (such as,

EIA RS-232-E, EIA RS-422, and CCITT V.35). The only absolute
requirement imposed by PPP is the provisin of a full-duplex circuit,
either dedicated or circuit-switched, which can oprate in either an
asynchronous (start/stop), bit-synchronous, or octet-synchronous
mode, transparent to PPP Data Link Layer frames.
Interface Forinat
PPP presents an octet interface to the physical layer. There is

no provisin for sub-octets to be supplied or accepted.
Transmission Rate
PPP does not impose any restrictions regarding transmission rate,

other than that of the particular DTE/DCE interface.
Control Signis
PPP does not require the use of control signis, such as Request
To Send (RTS), Clear To Send (CTS), Data Carrier Detect (DCD), and
Data Terminal Ready (DTR).
When available, using such signis can allow greater functionality

and performance. In particular, such signis SHOULD be used to
signal the Up and Down events in the LCP Option Negotiation
Automaton [1]. When such signis are not available, the
implementation MUST signal the p event to LCP upon
initialization, and SHOULD HOT signal the Down event.
Because signalling is not required, the physical layer MAY be

decoupled from the data link layer, hiding the transient details
of the physical transport. This has implications for mobility in
cellular radio networks, and other rapidly switching links.
When inoving from cell to cell within the same zone, an
implementation MAY choose to treat the ent'ire zone as a single
link, even though transmission is switched among several
f requencies . The link is considered to be with the central
control unit for the zone, rather than the individual cell
transceivers . However, the link SHOULD re-establish its
configuration whenever the link is switched to a different
administration .
Due to the bursty nature of data traffic, some iraplementations

have choosen to disconnect the physical layer during periods of
inactivity, and reconnect when traffic resumes, without informing

the data link layer. Robust iniplementations should avoid using
this trick over-zealously, since the price for decreased setup
latency is decreased security. Implementations SHOULD signal the
Down event whenever "significant time" has elapsed since the link
was disconnected. The valu for "significant time" is a matter of
considerable debate, and is based on the tariffs, cali setup
times, and security concerns of the installation.
3. The Data Link Layer
PPP uses the principies described in ISO 3309-1979 HDLC frame

structure, most recently the fourth edition 3309:1991 [2], which
specifies modif ications to allow HDLC use in asynchronous
environments .
The PPP control procedures use the Control' field encodings described
in ISO 4335-1979 HDLC elements of procedures, most recently the
fourth edition 4335:1991 [4].
This should not- be construed to indicate that every feature of the

above recommendations are included in PPP. Each feature included
is explicitly described in the following sections .
To remain consistent with standard Internet practice, and avoid

confusin for people used to reading RFCs, all 'binary numbers in the
following descriptions are in Most Significant Bit to Least
Significant Bit order, reading from left to right, unless otherwise
indicated. Note that this is contrary to standard ISO and CCITT
practice which orders bits as transmitted (network bit order} . Keep
this in mind when comparing this document with the international
standards documents .
3.1. Frame Format
A summary of" the PPP HDLC-like frame structure is shown below. This
figure does not include bits inserted for synchronization (such as
start and stop bits for asynchronous links) , or any bits or octets
inserted for transparency. The fields are transmitted from left to
right .
] Flag | Address | Control ]

| 01111110 | 11111111 | 00000011 |
T f": ------ . -{ --------- , ,--J_
_y _(_ ,_-__ -- j
.1. ________ _!. _________ ,__ __ 1
| Protocol | Information | Padding

I 8/16 bitsl * 1 * 1
_j 1 . 4-
[ FCS | Flag I Inter-frame Fill

(16/32 bits) 01111110 | or next Address
-!- + +
The Protocol, Information and Padding fields are described in the

Point-to-Point Protocol Encapsulation [1].
Flag Sequence
Each frame begins and ends with a Flag Sequence/ which is the
binary sequence 01111110 (hexadecimal Ox7e). All implementations
continuously check for this flag, which is used for frame
synchronization.
Only one Flag Sequence is required between two frames. Two

consecutive Flag Sequences constitute an empty frame, which is
silently discarded, and not counted as a FCS error.
Address Field
The Address field is a single octet, which contains the binary

sequence 11111111 (hexadecimal Oxff), the All-Stations address.
Individual station addresses are not assigned. The All-Stations
address MST always be recognized and received.
The use of other address lengths and vales may be defined at a

later time, or by prior agreement. Frames with unrecognized
Addresses SHOULD be silently discarded.
Control Field
The Control field is a single octet, which contains the binary

sequence 00000011 {hexadecimal 0x03), the nnumbered Information
(I) command with the Poli/Final (P/F) bit set to zero,
The use of other Control field vales may be defined at a later

time, or by prior agreement. Frames with unrecognized Control
field vales SHOULD be silently discarded.
Frame Check Sequence (FCS) Field
The Frame Check Sequence field defaults to 16 bits (two octets) .

The FCS is transmitted least significant octet first, which
contains the coefficient of the highest term.
A 32-bit (four octet) FCS is also defined. Its use may be

negotiated as described in "PPP LCP Extensions" [5],
The use of other FCS lengths may be defined at a later time, or by

prior agreement.
The FCS field is calculated over all bits of the Address, Control,
Protocol, Information and Padding fields, not including any start
and stop bits (asynchronous) or any bits (synchronous) or octets
(asynchronous or synchronous) inserted for transparency. This
also does not include the Flag Sequences or the FCS field itself.
When octets are received which are flagged in the Async-
Control-Character-Map, they are discarded before calculating
the FCS.
For more Information on the specification of the FCS, see the

Appendices.
The end of the Information and Padding fields is found by locating

the closing Flag Sequence and removing the Frame Check Sequence
field.
3.2. Modification of the Basic Frame
The Link Control Protocol can negotiate modifications to the standard

HDLC-like frame structure. However, modified frames will always be
clearly distinguishable from standard frames.
Address-and-Control-Field-Cornpression
When using the standard HDLC-like framing, the Address and Control
fields contain the hexadecimal vales Oxff and 0x03 respectively.
When other Address or Control field vales are in use, Address-
and-Control-Field-Compression MUST NOT be negotiated.
On transmission, compressed Address and Control fields are simply

omitted.
On reception, the Address and Control fields are decompressed by

examining the first two octets. If they contain the vales Oxff
and 0x03, they are assurned to be the Address and Control fields.
If not, it is assumed that the fields were compressed and were not
transmitted.
By definition, the first octet of a two octet Protocol field

will never be Oxff (since it is not even). The Protocol field
valu OxOOff is.not allowed (reserved) to avoid ambiguity when
Protocol-Field-Compression is enabled and the first Information
field octet is 0x03.
4. Octet-stuffed framing
This chapter summarizes the use of HDLC-like framing with 8-bit

asynchronous and octet-synchronous links.
4.1. Flag Sequence
The Flag Sequence indicates the beginning or end of a frame. The

octet stream is examined on an octet-by-octet basis for the valu
01111110 {hexadecimal Ox7e).
4.2. Transparency
An octet stuffing procedure is used, The Control Escape octet is

defined as binary 01111101 (hexadecimal Ox7d), most significant bit
first.
As a minimum, sending implementations MUST escape the Flag Sequence

and Control Escape octets.
After FCS computation, the transmitter examines the entire frame

between the two Flag Sequences. Each Flag Sequence, Control Escape
octet, and any octet which is flagged in the sending Async-Control-
Character-Map (ACCM), is replaced by a two octet sequence consisting
of the Control Escape octet followed by the original octet
exclusive-or'd with hexadecimal 0x20.
This is bit 5 complemented, where the bit positions are numbered

76543210 (the 6th bit as used in ISO numbered 87654321 BEWARE
when comparing documents).
Receiving implementations MUST correctly process all Control Escape

sequences.
On reception, prior to FCS computation, each octet with valu less

than hexadecimal 0x20 is checked. If it is flagged in the receiving
ACCM/ it is simply removed (it may nave been inserted by intervening
data Communications eguipment). Each Control Escape octet is also
removed, and the following octet is exclusive-or'd with hexadecimal
0x20, unless it is the Flag Sequence (which aborts a frame).
A few examples rnay make this more clear. Escaped data is transmitted
on the link as follows:
Ox7e is encoded as Ox7d, Ox5e. {Flag Sequence)

Ox7d is encoded as Ox7d/ Ox5d. (Control Escape)
0x03 is encoded as Ox7d, 0x23. (ETX)
Some modems with software flow control may intercept outgoing DC1 and
DC3 ignoring the 8th (parity) bit, This data would be transmitted on
the link as follows:
Oxll is encoded as Ox7d, 0x31. (XON)

0x13 is encoded as Ox7d, 0x33. (XOFF)
0x91 is encoded as Ox7d, Oxbl. (XON with parity set)
0x93 is encoded as Ox7d, Oxb3. (XOFF with parity set)
4.3. Invalid Frames
Frames which are too short (less than 4 octets when using the 16-bit
FCS), or which end with a Control Escape octet followed immediately
by a closing Flag Sequence, or in which octet-framing is violated (by
transmitting a "O" stop bit where a "1" bit is expected), are
4.4. Time Fill
4.4.1. Octet-synchronous
There is no provisin for inter-octet time fill.
The Flag Sequence MUST be transmitted during inter-frame time fill.
4.4.2. Asynchronous
Inter-octet time fill MUST be accomplished by transmitting continuous

"1" bits (mark-hold state).
Inter-frame time fill can be viewed as extended inter-octet time

fill. Doing so can save one octet for every frame, decreasing delay
and increasing bandwidth. This is possible since a Flag Sequence may
serve as both a frame end and a frame begin. After having received
any frame, an idle receiver will always be in a frame begin state.
Robust transmitters should avoid using this trick over-zealously,

since the price for decreased delay is decreased reliability. Noisy
links may cause the receiver to receive garbage characters and
interpret them as part of an incoming frame. If the transmitter does
not send a new opening Flag Sequence before sending the next frame,
then that frame will be appended to the noise characters causing an
invalid frame (with high reliability).
It is suggested that implementations will achieve the best results by

always sending an opening Flag Seguence if the new frame is not
back-to-back with the last. Transmitters SHOULD send an open Flag
Sequence whenever "appreciable time" has elapsed after the prior
closing Flag Sequence. The mximum valu for "appreciable time" is
likely to be no greater than the typing rate of a slow typist, about
1 second.
4.5. Transmission Considerations
4.5.1. Octet-synchronous
The definition of various encodings and scrambling is the

responsibility of the DTE/DCE equipment in use, and is outside the
scope of this specification.
4.5.2. Asynchronous
All octets are transmitted least significant bit first, with one
start bit, eight bits of data, and one stop bit. There is no
provisin for seven bit asynchronous links.
5. Bit-stuffed framing
This chapter summarizes the use of HDLC-like framing with bit-

synchronous links.
5.1. Flag Sequence
The Flag Sequence indicates the beginning or end of a frame, and is

used for frame synchronization, The bit stream is examined on a
bit-by-bit basis for the binary sequence 01111110 (hexadecimal Ox7e).
The "shared zero mode" Flag Sequence "011111101111110" SHOULD NOT be

used. When not avoidable, such an implementation MUST ensure that
the first Flag Sequence detected (the end of the frame) is promptly
communicated to the link layer. Use of the shared zero mode hinders
nteroperability with bit-synchrorious to asynchronous and bit-
synchronous to octet-synchronous converters.
5.2. Transparency
After FCS computation, the transmitter examines the entire frame

between the two Flag Sequences. A "O" bit is insertad after all
sequences of five contiguous "1" bits (including the last 5 bits of
the FCS) to ensure that a Flag Sequence is not simulated.
On reception, prior to FCS computation, any "O" bit that directly

follows five contiguous "1" bits is discarded.
5.3. Invalid Frames
Frames which are too short (less than 4 octets when using the 16-bit
FCS), or which end with a sequence of inore than six "1" bits, are
5.4. Time Fill
There is no provisin for inter-octet time fill.
The Flag Sequence SHOLD be transmitted during inter-frame time fill.

However, certain types of circuit-switched links require the use of
mark idle (continuous ones)r particularly those that calclate

accounting based on periods of bit activity. When mark idle is used
on a bit-synchronous link/ the implementation MUST ensure at least 15
consecutive "1" bits between Flags during the idle period, and that
the Flag Sequence is always generated at the beginning of a frame
after an idle period.
This differs from practice in ISO 3309, which allows 7 to 14 bit

mark idle.
5.5. Transmission Considerations
All octets are transmitted least significant bit first.
The definition of various encodings and scrambling is the

responsibility of the DTE/DCE eguipment in use, and is outside the
scope of this specification.
While PPP will oprate without regard to the underlying

representation of the bit stream, lack of standards for transmission
will hinder interoperability as surely as lack of data link
standards. At speeds of 56 Kbps through 2.0 Mbps, NRZ is currently
most widely available, and on that basis is recommended as a default.
When configuration of the encoding is allowed, NRZI is recommended as

an alternative, because of its relative irninunity to signal inversin
configuration errors, and instances when it MAY allow connection
without an expensive DSU/CSU. Unfortunately, NRZI encoding
exacerbates the missing xl factor of the 16-bit FCS, so that one
error in 2**15 goes uridetected (instead of one in 2**16) , and triple
errors are not detected. Therefore, when NRZI is in use, it is .
recommended that the 32-bit FCS be negotiated, which includes the xl
factor.
At higher speeds of up to 45 Mbps, some implementors have chosen the

ANS High Speed Synchronous Interface [HSSI]. While this experience
is currently limited, implementors are encouraged to cooperate in
choosing transmission encoding.
6. Asynchronous to Synchronous Conversin
There may be some use of asynchronous-to-syrichronous converters (some

built into modeins and cellular interfaces), resulting in an
asynchronous PPP iraplementation on one end of a link and a
Synchronous implementation on the other. It is the responsibility of
the converter to do all stuffing conversions during operation.
To enable this functionality/ synchronous PPP implernentations MUST
always respond to the Async-Control-Character-Map Configuration
Option with the LCP Configure-Ack. However, acceptance of the
Configuration Option does not imply that the synchronous
implementation will do any ACCM mapping. Instead, all such octet
mapping will be performed by the asynchronous-to-synchronous
converter.
7. Additional LCP Configuration Options
The Configuration Option format and basic options are already defined
for LCP [1].
Up-to-date vales of the LCP Option Type field are specified in the
most recent "Assigned Numbers" RFC [10]. This document concerns the
following vales:
2 Async-Control-Character-Map
7.1. Async~Control-Character-Map (ACCM)
Description

of control character transparency on asynchronous links.
Each end of the asynchronous link maintains two Async-Control-

Character-Maps. The receiving ACCM is 32 bits, but the sending
ACCM may be up to 256 bits. This results in four distinct ACCMs,
two in each direction of the link.
For asynchronous links, the default receiving ACCM is Oxffffffff.

The default sending ACCM is Oxffffffff, plus the Control Escape
and Flag Sequence characters themselves, plus whatever other
outgoing characters are flagged (by prior Configuration) as likely
to be intercepted.
For other types of links, the default valu is O, since there is

no need for mapping.
The default inclusin of all octets less than hexadecimal 0x20

allows all ASCII control characters [6] excluding DEL (Delete)
to be transparently communicated through all known data
Communications equipment.
The transmitter MAY also send octets with vales in the range 0x40
through Oxff (except Ox5e) in Control Escape format. Since these
octet vales are not negotiable, this does not solve the problem
of receivers which cannot handle all non-control characters,
Also/ since the technique does not affect the 8th bit/ this does
not solve problems for Communications links that can send only 7-
bit characters.
Note that this specification differs in detail from later

amendments, such as 3309:1991/Amendment 2 [3]. However/ such
"extended transparency" is applied only by "prior agreement".
Use of the transparency methods in this specification
constitute a prior agreement with respect to PPP.
For compatibility with 3309 : 1 9 9 1 /Amendment 2, the transmitter
MAY escape DEL and ACCM equivalents with the 8th (most
significant) bit set. No change is required in the receiving
algorithm.
Following ACCM negotiation, the transmitter SHOULD cease

escaping DEL.
However, it is rarely necessary to map all control characters, and

often it is unnecessary to map any control characters. The
Configuration Option is used to inform the peer which control
characters MST remain mapped when the peer sends them.
The peer MAY still send any other octets in mapped format, if it
is necessary because of constraints known to the peer. The peer
SfOULD Configure-Nak with the logical unin of the sets of mapped
octets, so that when such octets are spuriously introduced they
can be ignored on receipt.
A summary of the Async-Control-Character-Map Configuration Option

format is shown below. The fields are transmitted froin left to
right .
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 i 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 i 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Ei 9 0 1
| Type I Length | ACCM

+ _++_+_4._4/+ _ + _+ - + - + -4/-+-4--4--4--4--4--4--4--4--4--4--4--4--4--4--4--4--4--4--4-~4-
ACCM (cont) |
+_++_+_+_+-+-+_+_+_+_+-+-+-+-+-+
Type
Length
ACCM
The ACCM field is four octets, and indicates the set of control
characters to be mapped. The map is sent most significant octet
first.
Each numbered bit corresponda to the octet of the same valu. If

the bit is cleared to zero, then that octet need not be mapped,
If the bit is set to one, then that octet MUST remain mapped. For
example, if bit 19 is set to zero, then the ASCII control
character 19 (DC3, Control-S) MAY be sent in the clear.
Note: The least significant bit of the least significant octet

(the final octet transmitted) is numbered bit O, and would map
to the ASCII control character NL.
A. Recommended LCP Options
The following Configurations Options are recommended:
High Speed links

Magic Number
Link Qualty Monitoring
No Address and Control Field Compression
No Protocol Field Compression
Low Speed or Asynchronous links
Async Control Character Map

Magic Number
Address and Control Field Compression
Protocol Field Compression
B. Automatic Recognition of PPP Frames
It is sometimes desirable to detect PPP frames, for example during a

login sequence. The following octet sequences all begin valid PPP
LCP frames :
7e ff 03 cO 21
7e ff 7d 23 cO 21
7e 7d df 7d 23 cO 21
Note that the first two forms are not a valid username for Unix.
However, only the third form generates a correctly checksummed PPP
frame, whenever 03 and ff are taken as the control characters ETX and
DEL without regard to parity (they are correct for an even parity
link) and discarded.
Many implementations deal with this by putting the interface into

packet mode when one of the above username patterns are detected
during login, without examining the initial PPP checksum. The
initial incoming PPP frame is discarded, but a Configure-Request is
sent immediately.
C. Fast Frame Check Sequence {FCS) Implementation
The FCS was originally designad with hardware implementations in

mind. A serial bit stream is transmitted on the wire, the FCS is
calculated over the serial data as it goes out, and the complement o~
the resulting FCS is appended to the serial stream, followed by the
Flag Sequence.
The receiver has no way of determining that it has finished

calculating the received FCS until it detects the Flag Sequence.
Therefore, the FCS was designed so that a particular pattern results
when the FCS operation passes over the complemented FCS. A good
frame is indicated by this "good FCS" valu.
C.l. FCS table generator
The following code creates the lookup table used to calclate the
FCS-16.
Genrate a FCS-16 table.
Drew D. Perkins at Carnegie Mellon University .
Code liberally borrowed from Mohsen Baan and D. Hugh Redelmeier.

/*
* The FCS-16 generator polynomial: x**0 + x**5 + x**12 + x**16.
*./
ftdefine P 0x8408
main ( )
register unsigned int b, v;

register int i;
printf ("typedef unsigned short u!6;\n"};

printf ("statc u!6 fcstab[256] = {");
for (b = 0; ; ) {
if (b % 8 == 0)
printf ("\n") ;
v = v & 1 ? (vl) A P : v 1;
printf("\tOx%04x", v & OxFFFF) ;

if (++b == 256)
break;
printf(","};
}
printf("\n};\n") ;
C.2. 16-bit FCS Computation Method
The following code provides a table lookup computation for

calculating the Frame Check Sequence as data arrives at the
interface. This implementation is based on [1], [8], and [9].
/*
* u!6 represents an unsigned 16-bit number, Adjust the typedef for
* your hardware.
*/
typedef unsigned short u!6;
* FCS lookup table as calculated by the table generator.

*/
static u!6 fcstab[256] = {
0x0000, 0x1189, 0x2312, Ox329b, 0x4624, Ox57ad, 0x6536, Ox74bf,
Ox8c4 8, Ox9dcl, Oxaf5a, OxbedS, Oxca6c, OxdbeS, Oxe97e, OxfBf?,
0x1081, 0x0108, 0x3393, Ox221a, 0x5 6a5, Ox472c, 0x7 5b7, Ox643e,
Ox9cc9, Ox8d40, Oxbfdb, Oxae52, Oxdaed, Oxcb64, Oxf9ff, Oxe876,
0x2102, Ox308b, 0x0210, 0x1399, 0x6726, 0x7 6af, 0x4434, Ox55bd,
Oxad4a, OxbccS, Ox8e58, Ox9fdl, Oxeb6e, Oxfae7, Oxc87c, Oxd9f5,
0x3183, Ox200a, 0x1291, 0x0318, Ox77a7, Ox662e, Ox54b5, Ox453c,
Oxbdcb, Oxac42, Ox9ed9, Ox8f50, Oxfbef, Oxea66, OxdSfd, Oxc974,
0x4204, Ox538d, 0x6116, Ox709f, 0x0420, Oxl5a9, 0x2732, Ox36bb,
Oxce4c, OxdfcS, OxedSe, Oxfcd7, 0x8868, Ox99el, Oxab7a, Oxbaf3,
0x5285, Ox430c, 0x7197, Ox601e, Oxl4al, 0x0528, Ox37b3, 0x2 63a,
Oxdecd, Oxcf44, Oxfddf, Oxec56, Ox98e9, 0x8960, Oxbbfb, Oxaa727
0x6306, Ox728f, 0x4014, Ox519d, 0x2522, Ox34ab, 0x0630, Oxl7b9,
Oxef 4e, Oxfec7, OxccSc, OxdddS, Oxa96a, Oxb8e3, Ox8a78, Ox9bfl,
0x7387, Ox620e, 0x5095, Ox411c, Ox35a3, Ox242a, Oxl6bl, 0x0738,
xffcf, Oxee46, Oxdcdd, Oxcd54, Oxb9eb, Oxa862, Ox9af9, Ox8b70,
0x8408, 0x9581, Oxa71a, Oxb693, Oxc22c, Oxd3a5, Oxel3e, OxfOb7,
0x0840, Oxl9c9, Ox2b52, Ox3adb, Ox4e64, OxSfed, Ox6d76, 0x7 cff,
0x9489, 0x8500, Oxb79b, Oxa612, Oxd2ad, Oxc324, Oxflbf, Oxe036,
0x18 el, 0x0948, Ox3bd3, Ox2a5a, Ox5ee5, Ox4f <QC, Ox7df7, Ox6c7e,
Oxa50a, Oxb483, 0x8618, 0x9791, Oxe32e, Oxf2a7, Oxc03c, OxdlbS,

0x2942, 0x3 8 cb, OxOaSQ, Oxlbd9, Ox6f66, Ox7eef , 0x4 c7 4, OxSdfd,
Oxb58b, Oxa402, 0x9699, 0x8710, Oxf3af , Oxe226, OxdObd, Oxcl34,
Ox39c3, Ox284a, Oxladl, OxObSS, Ox7fe7, Ox6e6e, Ox5cf5, Ox4d7c,
Oxc60c, Oxd785, OxeSle, Oxf497, 0x8028, Ox91al, Oxa33a, Oxb2b3,
Ox4a44, OxSbcd, 0x6956, Ox78df, OxOcGQ, Oxlde9, Ox2f72, Ox3efb,
Oxd68d, Oxc704, Oxf59f, Oxe416, Ox90a9, 0x8120, Oxb3bb, Oxa232,
Ox5ac5, Ox4b4c, 0x7 9d7, 0x6856, Oxlcel, OxOd68, Ox3ff3, Ox2e7a,
Oxe70e, Oxf687, Oxc41c, Oxd595, Oxal2a, OxbOaS, 0x8238, Ox93bl,
Ox6b46, Ox7acf , 0x4854, Ox59dd, Ox2d62, 0x3 ceb, OxOe70, Oxlff9,
Oxf78f, Oxe606, Oxd49d, Oxc514, Oxblab, Oxa022, Ox92b9, 0x8330,
Ox7bc7, Ox6a4e, Ox58d5, Ox495c, Ox3de3, Ox2c6a, Oxlefl, OxOf78
^define PPPINITFCS16 Oxffff /* Initial FCS valu */

#define PPPGOODFCS16 OxfObS /* Good final FCS valu */
* Calclate a new fes given the current fes and the new data.
*/
u!6 pppfcs!6(fes, cp, len)
register u!6 fes;
register unsigned char *cp;
register int len;

ASSERTsizeof (u!6) ==2);
ASSERT ( (u!6) -1) > 0) ;
while (len )
fes = (fes 8) * fcstab[(fcs *cp++) & Oxff ] ;
return (fes) ;
)
/*
How to use the fes
*/
tryf cs!6 (cp, len)
register int len;

u!6 trialfes;
/* add on output */
trialfcs = pppfcs!6( PPPINITFCS16, cp, len );
trialfcs ^= Oxffff; /* complement */
cp[len] - (trialfcs & OxOOff); /* least significant byte
first */
cp[len+l]- = ((trialfcs 8) & OxOOff};
/* check on input */
trialfcs = pppfcsl6( PPPINITFCS16, cp, len + 2 );
if ( trialfcs == PPPGOODFCS16 )
printf("Good FCS\n");
C.3. 32-bit FCS Computation Method
The following code provides a table lookup computation for

calculating the 32-bit Frame Check Sequence as data arrives at the
interface.
/
The FCS-32 generator polynomial: x**0 + x**l + x**2 + x**4 + x**5
+ x**7 + x**8 + x**10 -i- x**ll + x**12 + x**16
+ x**22 + x**23 + x**26 + x**32,
/
/
* u32 representa an unsigned 32-bit number. Adjust the typedef for
* your hardware.
*/
typedef unsigned long u32;
static u32 fcstab 32[256] =
0x00000000, 0x77073096, OxeeOe612c, Ox990951ba,

Ox076dc419, Ox706af48f, Oxe963a535, Ox9e6495a3,
OxOedb8832, Ox79dcb8a4, OxeOd5e91e, Ox97d2d988,
Ox09b64c2b, Ox7ebl7cbd, Oxe7b82d07, Ox90bfld91,
Oxldb71064, Ox6ab020f2, Oxf3b97148, Ox84be41de,
Oxladad47d, Ox6ddde4eb, Oxf4d4b551, Ox83d385c7,
Oxl36c9856, Ox646ba8cO, Oxfd62f97a, Ox8a65c9ec,
Oxl4015c4f, Ox63066cd9, OxfaOf3d63, Ox8d080df5,
Ox3b6e20c8, Ox4c69105e, Oxd56041e4, Oxa2677172,
Ox3c03e4dl, Ox4b04d447, Oxd20d85fd, Oxa50ab56b,
Ox35b5a8fa, Ox42b2986c, Oxdbbbc9d6, Oxacbcf940,
Ox32d86ce3, Ox45df5c75, Oxdcd60dcf, Oxabdl3d597
Ox26d930ac, OxSldeOOSa, Oxc8d75180, Oxbfd06116,
Ox21b4f4b5, Ox56b3c423, Oxcfba9599, Oxb8bda50f,
Ox2802b89e, Ox5f058808, Oxc60cd9b2, OxblObe924,
Ox2f6f7c87, Ox58684cll, Oxcl611dab, Oxb6662d3d,
Ox76dc4190, Ox01db7106, Ox98d220bc, Oxefd5102a,
Ox71bl8589, Ox06b6b51f, Ox9fbfe4a5, Oxe8b8d433,
Ox7807c9a2, OxOfOOf934, Ox9609a88e, OxelOe9818,
Ox7f6aOdbb, Ox086d3d2d, Ox91646c97, Oxe6635c01,
Ox6b6b51f4, Oxlc6c6162, Ox856530d8, Oxf262004e,

Ox6c0695ed, Oxlb01a57b, Ox8208f4cl, Oxf50fc457,
Ox65bOd9c6, Oxl2b7e950, Ox8bbeb8ea, Oxfcb9887c,
Ox62ddlddf, Oxl5da2d49, Ox8cd37cf3, Oxfbd44c65,
Ox4db26158, Ox3ab551ce, Oxa3bc0074, Oxd4bb30e2,
Ox4adfa541, Ox3dd895d7, Oxa4dlc46d, Oxd3d6f4fb,
Ox4369e96a, Ox346ed9fc, Oxad678846, Oxda60b8dO,
Ox44042d73, Ox33031de5, OxaaOa4c5f , OxddOd7cc9,
Ox5005713c, Ox270241aa, OxbeOblOlO, Oxc90c2086,
Ox5768b525, Ox206f85b3, Oxb966d409, Oxce61e49f ,
Ox5edef90e, Ox29d9c998, OxbOd09822, Oxc7d7a8b4,
Ox59b33dl7, Ox2eb40d81, Oxb7bd5c3b, OxcOba6cad,
Oxedb88320, Ox9abfb3b6, Ox03b6e20c, Ox74bld29a,
Oxead54739, Ox9dd277af, Ox04db2615, Ox73dcl683,
Oxe3630bl2, Ox94643b84, OxOd6d6a3e, Ox7a6a5aa8,
Oxe40ecfOb, Ox9309ff9d, OxOaOOae27, Ox7d079ebl,
OxfOOf9344, Ox8708a3d2, Oxle01f268, Ox6906c2fe,
Qxf762575d, Qx806567cb, 0x19603671, Ox6e6b06e7,
Oxfed41b76, Ox89d32beO, OxlOda7a5a, Ox67dd4acc/
Oxf9b9df6f, Ox8ebeeff9, Oxl7b7be43, Ox60b08ed5,
Oxd6d6a3e8, Oxaldl937e, Ox38d8c2c4, Ox4fdff252,
Oxdlbb67fl, Oxa6bc5767, Ox3fb506dd, Ox48b2364b,
Oxd80d2bda, OxafOalb4c/ Ox36034af6/ Ox41047a60,
Oxdf60efc3, Oxa867df55, Ox316e8eef, Ox4669be79,
Oxcb61b38c, Oxbc66831a, Ox256fd2aO, 0x52680236,
OxccOc7795, OxbbOb4703/ Ox220216b9, Ox5505262f,
Oxc5ba3bbe, Oxb2bdOb28, Ox2bb45a92/ Ox5cb36a04,
Oxc2d7ffa7, OxbSdOcfSl, Ox2cd99e8b, OxSbdeaeld,
Ox9b64c2bO, Oxec63f226, Ox756aa39c, Ox026d930a,
Ox9c0906a9, OxebOe363f, 0x72076785, 0x05005713,
Ox95bf4a82, Oxe2b87al4, Ox7bbl2bae, 'OxOcbeibSS,
Ox92d28e9b, OxeSdSbeOd, Ox7cdcefb7, OxObdbdf21,
Ox86d3d2d4, Oxfld4e2427 Ox68ddb3f8, Oxlfda836e,
Ox81bel6cd, Oxf6b9265b, Ox6fb077el, Oxl8b74777,
Ox88085ae6, OxffOf6a70, oxeeoesbca, OxllOlObSc,
Ox8f659eff, Oxf862ae69, Ox616bffd3, Oxl66ccf45/
OxaOOae278, Oxd70dd2ee, Ox4e048354, Ox3903b3c2,
Oxa7672661, OxdOGOief?, Ox4969474d, Ox3e6e77db,
Oxaedl6a4a, Oxd9d65adc, Ox40dfOb66, Ox37d83bfO,
Oxa9bcae53, Oxdebb9ec5, Ox47b2cf7f/ Ox30b5ffe9,
Oxbdbdf21c, Oxcabac28a, OxSSbSgSSO, Ox24b4a3a6,
Oxbad03605, Oxcdd70693/ Ox54de5729r Ox23d967bf,
Oxb3667a2e, Oxc4614ab8/ Ox5d681b02, Ox2a6f2b94,
Oxb40bbe37/ OxcSOcSeal, Ox5a05dflb, Ox2d02ef8d
^define PPPINITFCS32 Oxffffffff /* Initial FCS valu */

^define PPPGOODFCS32 Oxdebb20e3 /* Good final FCS valu */
* Calclate a new FCS given the current FCS and the new data.
*/
u32 pppfcs32 (fes, cp, len)
register u32 fes;
register int len;
{
ASSERT(sizeof (u32) == 4);
ASSERT( ( (u32) -1) > 0) ;
while (len )
fes = {((fes) 8) ^ f cstab_32 [ ( (f es) * *cp++) ) & Oxff ] ) ;
return (fes) ;
* How to use the fes

*/
tryfcs32 (cp, len)
register int len;
{
u32 trialf es;
/* add on output */
trialfcs = pppfcs32( PPPINITFCS32, cp, len );
trialfcs A= Oxffffffff; /* complement */
cp[len] = (trialfcs & OxOOff); /* least significant byte
first */
cp[len-M] = ( ( t r i a l f c s = 8) & O x O O f f ) ;
cp[len+2] = ((trialfcs = 8) & O x O O f f ) ;
cp[len+3] = {{trialfcs 8) & O x O O f f ) ;
/* check on input */
trialfcs = pppfcs32( PPPINITFCS32, cp, len + 4 );
if ( trialfcs == PPPGOODFCS32 )
printf("Good FCS\n");
As noted in the Physical Layer Requirements section, the link layer

might not be inforrned when the connected state of the physical layer
has changad. This results in possible security lapses due to over-
reliance on the integrity and security of switching systems and
administrations. An insertion attack might be undetected. An
attacker which is able to spoof the same calling identity might be
able to avoid link authentication.
References
[1] Simpson, W., Editor, "The Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)",

STD 50, RFC 1661, Daydreamer, July 1994.
[2] ISO/IEC 3309:1991(E), "Information Technology -

Telecommunications and Information exchange between systems -
High-level data link control (HDLC) procedures - Frame
structure", International Organization For Standardization,
Fourth edition 1991-06-01.
[3] ISO/IEC 3309:1991/Amd.2:1992(E), "Information Technology -

Telecommunications and information exchange between systems -
High-level data link control (HDLC) procedures - Frame
structure - Amendment 2: Extended transparency options for
start/stop transmission", International Organization For
Standardization, 1992-01-15.
[4] ISO/IEC 4335:1991(E), "Information Technology -

Telecommunications and information exchange between systems -
High-level data link control (HDLC) procedures - Elements of
procedures", International Organization For Standardization,
Fourth edition 1991-09-15.
[5] Simpson,- W., Editor, "PPP LCP Extensions", RFC 1570,

Daydreamer, January 1994.
[6] ANS X3.4-1977, "American National Standard Code for

Information Interchange", American National Standards
Institute, 1977.
[7] Prez, "Byte-wise CRC Calculations", IEEE Micro, June 1983.
[8] Morse, G., "Calculating CRC's by Bits and Bytes", Byte,

September 1986.
[9] LeVan, J., "A Fast CRC", Byte, November 1987.

[10] Reynolds, J., and J. Poste!, "Assigned Numbers", STD 2r RFC
1340, USC/Information Sciences Institute, July 1992.
Acknowledgements
This document is the product of the Point-to-Point Protocol Working

Group of the Internet Engineering Task Forc (IETF). Comments should
be submitted to the iet-ppp@merit.edu mailing list.
This specification is based on previous RFCs, where many

contributions have been acknowleged.
The 32-bit FCS example code was provided by Karl Fox {Morning Star
Technologies).
Special thanks to Morning Star Technologies for providing coiuputing

resources and network access support for writing this specification.
Chair's Address
The working group can be contacted via the current chair:
Fred Baker
Advanced Computer Communications
315 Bollay Orive
Santa Barbara, California 93117
fbaker@acc.com
Editor's Address
Questions about this memo can also be directed to:

Daydreamer
1384 Fontaine
Bill.SimpsonBum.cc.umich.edu
bsimpson@Morninq5tar.com
MARCO LEGAL DEL SECTOR DE LAS TELECOMUNICACIONES
Las telecomunicaciones son el pilar fundamental para el desarrollo del pas por
esta razn es indispensable proveer a los servicios de telecomunicaciones de un
marco legal acorde con la importancia, complejidad, magnitud, tecnologa y
especialidad de dichos servicios, de suerte que se pueda desarrollar esta
actividad con criterios de gestin empresarial y beneficio social.
Es indispensable asegurar una adecuada regulacin y expansin de los sistemas

radioelctricos y servicios de telecomunicaciones a la comunidad y mejorar
permanentemente ia prestacin de los servicios existentes, de acuerdo a las
necesidades del desarrollo social y econmico del pas.
Tomando en cuenta estos requerimientos se expidi en el pas la Ley Especial de

Telecomunicaciones a travs de la cual se crean el Consejo Nacional de
Telecomunicaciones (CONATEL) como ente de administracin y regulacin de
las telecomunicaciones en el pas, la Secretara Nacional de Telecomunicaciones
(SENATEL) como ente encargado de la ejecucin de la poltica de
telecomunicaciones en el pas y la Superintendencia de Telecomunicaciones
(SUPTEL)para el ejercicio de las funciones asignadas a ella en la Ley de
Telecomunicaciones.
REQUERIMIENTOS Y PERMISOS PARA EL USO DE LOS BIENES DEL

DOMINIO PBLICO
Se podr tender o cruzar lneas areas o subterrneas en calles, parques,

caminos y otros bienes del dominio pblico, previa autorizacin de la autoridad
competente y el cumplimiento de los requisitos legales aplicables segn el artculo
144 del Captulo III (De la Adquisicin y Uso de Bienes Pblicos) del Reglamento
a la Ley Especial de Telecomunicaciones,
Obtencin del permiso de utilizacin de los postes de la Empresa Elctrica
Para obtener e! permiso de utilizacin de los postes de la Empresa Elctrica

Quito, se debe cumplir con los siguientes requisitos:
1. Enviar una solicitud dirigida al Sr. Gerente General de la Empresa Elctrica

Quito, dicha solicitud deber contener la siguiente informacin.
1.1. Datos sobre la empresa que desea utilizar los postes

1.2. Motivos por los cuales se requiere arrendar los postes
1.3. El sector en donde se quiere utilizar ios postes
1.4. Nmero de postes que se van a arrendar
1.5.Tiempo durante el cual se arrendarn los postes
1.6. Tipo de cable que se utilizar
2. Una vez realizada la solicitud, desde la gerencia se enva un memorando al

Departamento de Operacin y Mantenimiento Urbano, para que se realice un
recorrido por los sectores indicados en la solicitud, lo que permitir determinar
si es posible o no la utilizacin de los postes.
3. Si es factible la utilizacin de los postes, el Departamento de Operacin y

Mantenimiento Urbano, enviar la informacin al Departamento de Operacin
y Mantenimiento de la Empresa Elctrica Quito para que se realice el convenio
de arrendamiento de ios postes.
Por ser una red privada existen valores que se debe cancelar a las entidades
reguladoras.
Derechos Red Privada
Mediante Resolucin 072-03-CONATEL-2002 el Consejo Nacional de

Telecomunicaciones resuelve determinar como valor de permiso para la
""*' prestacin de servicios de valor agregado el valor de USD 500 dlares de ios
Estados Unidos de Amrica.
Derechos de Registro Red Privada
Mediante Resolucin 403-16-CONATEL-2001, El Consejo Nacional de

Telecomunicaciones resuelve establecer los siguientes derechos administrativos
por el registro de:
a) US 200 para el registro de instalacin y operacin de redes privadas que
utilicen medios propios de transmisin fsicos y/o radioelctricos
b) US 50 para el registro de redes privadas que utilicen nicamente circuitos
arrendados a concesionarias autorizadas a prestar este servicio.
Duracin Red Privada
El plazo de duracin de un permiso para la operacin de Redes Privadas ser de

5 aos, prorrogables por igual periodo, a solicitud escrita del interesado,
presentada con tres meses de anticipacin al vencimiento del plazo original,
siempre y cuando haya cumplido con ios trminos y condiciones del ttulo
habilitante. Cumplido el plazo el permiso se caducar.
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L-
n
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Alcatel 6
Lose Tube Ca
Guitable for aerial, buried or duct applica- oFAlcalel's* SSMF, E-SMF, TeraLJght
tions, Lose Tube cables are the most wldely fibers, or a combnaton of (hese.
used cables oday. Alete! Lose Tube cables
The followng ables provide information
are available in a wde variety of standard
and cusfomized confgurations. Standard on standard cable configurations. Please
con igu ralln s are delectric or armored contad your Alete! sales representafve for
customized cable configurations and szes.
wirh a single or dual [acket design. Lose
fube cables are available wifh yaur choce
Advanced Bdry" water blocking materiais l> Provides faster and cleaner accessing
and handlng
L> Opical fbers Fealure revolufionary AFC

coating wifh ColorLock
[ Increased reliabiliy and durabilfy resulfing
in lower maintenance and replacemeni cos
Fibers n individual buffer tubes > Ease of installafion, identficaHon and routing
Central Strengfh Member (CSM) Provides (ensile strength as well as bucklng

resistance
Alete) opticol fiber cabfe pro
are deslgned for opfrnum pe
ti* Colored high strengfh ripcords Easy to identiy, allow access through the
once and case of inslallatfon,
armor/jacket
accoraance wlh applicable
tecinicol peclficah'ons, stand
Hgh qualify polyethylene ackei Excellent resistance fo cracking abrasin
and references nduding Tdco
during blown or pulled nstallaNon GR-20, RUS, ICEA-40,71A
lECondEN.
1. Central Strength Member 5. Armor (optional)

Corrugated steel tape for addtional prolection
2. Ripcord
n buried environments.
Ripcords provde an easy means fo remove the
jackef and alow occess fo ihe buffer tubes. 6. Strengfh Yams
Strength yarns provde fensile strength.
3. Color-Coded Buffer Tube
The primary functon of the tube is o protect 7. Jacket
fibers frotn iensile, thermal and vibration loads, Non-reclaimed hgh qualty polyethyiene.
maintaining their oph'cal and mechanical integrify.
Acaiel fiber optc cable producs
4. Optical Fibers
are engneered fo provide optmum
Alcatel's premium color-coded singlemode
performance and nefwork flexblify.
opticol fibers incorporales AFC coatng wth
ColorLock for industry-leadi'ng long-term
mechanical performance and color Identification.
SSMF=Sfandard Single Mode Fiber

E-SMF=Enhanced Single Mode Fiber
f RevOJan. 02 A L C A T E L
ARCHITECTS OF AN INTERNET WORLD
Alcatel 6801
Lose Tube Cable
Typicaly Deployed n North and Latn America
I Dieledric - Mechamcal Specifications
Part Number FiberCuht OuhPde Diameter Cable Weight* Mnimum Bend Radus
Inc es mm
Inches mm Ib/kft kg/km W/Load No Load W/Load No Loa
A-LT-12-NA-SX 12 .46 11.7 66 98 9 5 230 115
A-LT-24-NA-SX 24 .46 11.7 66 98 9 5 230 115
A-LT-36-NA-SX 36 .46 11.7 66 98 9 5 230 115
A-LT-48-NA-SX 48 .46 11.7 66 98 9 5 230 115
A-LT-60-NA-SX 60 .46 11.7 66 98 9 5 230 115
A-LT-72-NA-SX 72 .50 12.6 78 117 10 5 250 125
A-LT-84-NA-SX 84 .53 13.5 89 133 11 270 135
A-LT-96-NA-SX 96 .58 14.7 103 154 12 295 150
A-LT-108-NA-SX 108 .61 15.5 116 173 12 310 155
A-LT-120-NA-SX 120 .65 16.5 131 195 13 7 330 165
A-LT-132-NA-SX 132 .69 17.6 146 218 14 7 350 175
A-LT-144-NA-SX 144 .73 18.6 156 232 15 8 370 190
A-LT-156-NA-SX 156 .73 18.6 156 232 15 8 370 190
A-LT-168-NA-SX 168 .73 18.6 156 232 15 8 370 190
A-LT-180-NA-SX 180 .73 18.6 156 232 15 8 370 190
A-LT-192-NA-SX 192 .73 18.6 156 232 15 8 370 190
A-LT-204-NA-SX 204 .73 18.6 156 232 15 8 370 190
A-LT-216-NA-SX 216 .73 18.6 156 232 15 8 370 190
A-LT-228-NA-SX 228 .82 20.8 191 285 16 9 420 210
A-LT-240-NA-SX 240 .82 20.8 191 . 285 16 9 420 210
A-LT-264-NA-SX 264 .82 20.8 191 285 16 9 420 210
A-LT-276-NA-SX 276 .86 21.8 209 312 17 9 440 220
A-LT-288-NA-SX 288 .86 21.8 209 312 17 9 440 220
A-LT-312-NA-SX 312 .99 25.2 292 435 20 10 500 250
A-LT-336-NA-SX 336 .99 25.2 292 435 20 10 500 250
A-LT-360-NA-SX 360 .99 25.2 292 435 20 10 500 250
A-LT-384-NA-SX 384 .99 25,2 292 435 20 10 500 250
A-LT-408-NA-SX 408 .99 25.2 292 435 20 10 500 250
A-LT-432-NA-SX 432 .99 25.2 292 435 20 10 500 250
Cables with up to 288 fibers conlain 12 Fibers per tube. Cables wth over 288 fibers confain 24 fibers per tube.
"Weights given are for deledric centra! strengtti member (CSM).
Aicatel reserves the rght to change specifcations wtfiouf prior no/ice.
* f* RevOJan. 02 A L C A T E L
Alcatel 68
Az Lose Tube Ca
Typically Deployed in Norh and Latn America
I Dielectric - Mechanical Specifications (continuedj
Part Number Gude- a particular part number Standard Twelve fibers per ube; 24 fibers per
is NOT complete unHl you select a fiber type (SX|
iube for fiber counts greater tnan 288. Alcatel
A = Typicall)' Depbyed n North and Latn America uses advanced ABM2 buffer tube material.
LT = Lose Tube
Installation
### = Bber Counf
Mximum trutallation Load: 600 Ibf [2670 N]
NA = Non Armored (delecfric)
Mximum Operalion Load; 180 Ibf (800 N)
SX = Fiber Type
51 = Standard Snglemode Environmental
52 = Enhanced Singtemode Temperature Range:*
53 = Teraligh Metro Installation: -30C to +60C
54 = TeraLighi Ulfra Operafng: -40C to +70C
M = Mixed fiber types (S1-S4) Sfarage: -50C to +75C
The obove mformaton provides typical vales.
'NOTE: Ths cable design s capabie of operation

at -50C or below. tf your appcation requires
performance at these temperatures, picase
conact ycKjr Alcate Sales Representativa.
For addih'onai Information visl Alcatd onne o

your nearesl Opfical Fiber Sales Represen
wvAv.alcotel.com/opfcalf
Brazl .+55 11 3068 9
France .+33 1 55 51 51
France (HQ) .+33 1 39 19 12
Germany .+49 2166 27 21
India _ .+91 11 33596
Spain .+34 942 247
UK .+44 1633 413
North America .+1 828 459 9
f RevOJan. 02 A L C A T E L 800 879 9
u
Alcatel 6801
Lose Tube Cable Az
Typically Deployed in North and Latin America
| Armored - Mechanical Specifications
Part Number Fiber Cpunlh Outsde Diameter Cable Weght* Mnimum Bend Radius
Inc es mrn
Inches mm Ib/lrft kg/km W/Load No Load W/Load No Loa
A-LT-12-A1J-SX 12 .53 13.5 112 167 11 8 270 200
A-LT-24-A1J-SX 24 .53 13.5 112 167 11 8 270 200
A-LT-36-A1J-SX 36 .53 13.5 112 167 11 8 270 200
A-LT-48-A1J-SX 48 .53 13.5 112 167 11 8 270 200
A-LT-60-A1J-SX 60 .53 13.5 112 167 11 8 270 200
A-LT-72-A1J-SX 72 .58 14.7 130 193 12 9 290 220
A-LT-84-AU-SX 84 .60 15.2 142 212 12 9 310 230
A-LT-96-AU-SX 96 .65 16.5 161 239 13 10 330 250
A-LT-108-A1J-SX 108 .69 17.5 177 264 14 10.5 350 260
A-LT-120-A1J-SX 120 .73 18.5 195 291 15 11 370 280
A-LT-132-AU-SX 132 .77 19.6 214 319 15.5 12 390 293
A-LT-144-A1J-SX 144 .80 20.3 227 338 16 12 410 310
A-LT-156-A1J-SX 156 .80 20.3 227 338 16 12 410 310
A-LT-168-A1J-SX 168 .80 20.3 227 338 16 12 410 310
A-LT-180-A1J-SX 180 .80 20.3 227 338 16 12 410 310
A-LH92-A1J-SX 192 .80 20.3 227 338 16 12 410 310
A-LT-204-A1J-SX 204 .80 20.3 227 338 16 12 410 310
A-LT-216-A1J-SX 216 .80 20.3 227 338 16 12 410 310
A-LT-228-A1J-SX 228 .89 22.6 273 407 18 13 450 340
A-LT-240-A1J-SX 240 .89 22.6 273 407 18 13 450 340
A-LT-264-A1J-SX 264 .89 22.6 273 407 18 13 450 340
A-LT-276-A1J-SX 276 .94 23.9 296 442 19 14 480 360
A-LT-288-A1J-SX 288 .94 23.9 296 442 19 14 480 360
A-LT-312-A1J-SX 312 1.06 26.8 371 553 21 16 540 400
A-LT-336-A1J-SX 336 1.06 26.8 371 553 21 16 540 400
A-LT-3O-A1J-SX 360 1.06 26.8 371 553 21 16 540 400
A-LT-384-A1J-SX 384 1.06 26.8 371 553 21 16 540 400
A-LT-408-A1J-SX 408 1.06 26.8 371 553 21 16 540 400
A-LT-432-A1J-SX 432 1.06 26.8 371 553 21 16 540 400
Cables with up lo 288 fibers conlaln 12 fibers per tube. Cables wih over 288 fibers conlaln 24 fibers per tobe.
'Weighls given are fbr dieledric cenlral strenglh member (CSM).
rves /fe rigftf to changa specificotions wilbout prior no/ice.
A L C A T E L
Alcatei 68
Az Lose Tube Ca
Typically Deployed in North and Latn America
| Armored - Mechankal Specifications (continued)
Part Number Gutde- a particular par number Standard Twelve fibers per tube; 24 fibers per
is NOT complete until you select a fiber type (SX) tube for fiber counts greater tfian 288. Alcafel
A = Typically Deployed in North and Latn America uses advanced ABM2 buffer tube material.
LT = Lose Tube InstallaHon
### = Fiber Count Mximum Instaliofion Load: 600 Ibf (2670 N)
A1J Single Armored Single Jacket Mximum Operation Load: 180 Ibf (800 N]
SX = Fiber Type
Envron mental
51 = Standard Snglemode
Temperatura Range:*
52 = Enhanced Singlemode
Inslallation: -30C io +60C
53 =TeraU"ght Metro
Operafing: -40C lo -f70C
54 = TeraLght Ultra
Storage: -50C to +75C
M = Mixed fiber types (S1-S4)
The above informaron provides rypcal vales.
'NOTE: Ths coble design is capable of operation

af -50C or beow. tf your application requres
performance at rfiese temperatures/ picase
contad your Alcatei Sales Representatve.
For addifrona! InformaRon vislt AJcate oone or

your neoresl Opficol Rber Sales Represent
www.olcatel.com/opticQlfi
Brazil .+55 11 3068 99
France .,...+33 1 55 51 51
France(HQ) .+33 1 3919 12
Germany +49 2166 27 21
India .+91 11 33596
Span .+34 942 247 1
UK_ .+44 1633 413 6

Alcatei 6801
Lose Tube Cable Az
Typically Deployed in North and Latn America
I Armored Double Jacketed - Mechanical Specificafions
Part Number Piber'Gunt;"-;- ufside Diameter Cable Weght* Mnimum Bend Radius
Inches mm
Inches mm Ib/kft kg/km W/Load No Load W/Load No Lo
A-LT-12-A2J-SX 12 .58 14.7 148 221 12 9 290 220
A-LT-24-A2J-SX 24 .58 14.7 148 221 12 9 290 220
A-LT-36-A2J-SX 36 .58 14.7 148 221 12 9 290 220
A-LT-48-A2J-SX 48 -.58 14.7 148 221 12 9 290 220
A-LT-60-A2J-SX 60 .58 14.7 148 221 12 9 290 220
A-LT-72-A2J-SX 72 .61 15.5 161 240 12 9 310 230
A-LT-84-A2J-SX 84 .66 16.8 188 280 13 10 340 250
A-LT-96-A2J-SX 96 .70 17.8 205 305 14 10.5 360 270
A-LT-108-A2J-SX 108 .73 18.5 218 325 15 11 370 280
A-LT-120-A2J-SX 120 .77 19.6 241 360 15 12 390 290
A-LT-132-A2J-SX 132 .82 20.8 270 403 16 12 420 310
A-LT-144-A2J-SX 144 .86 21.8 288 430 17 13 440 330
A-LT-156-A2J-SX 156 .86 21.8 288 430 17 13 440 330
A-IM68-A2J-SX 168 .86 21.8 288 430 17 13 440 330
A-LT-180-A2J-SX 180 .86 21.8 288 430 17 13 440 330
A-LT-192-A2J-SX 192 .86 21.8 288 430 17 13 440 330
A-LT-204-A2J-SX 204 .86 21.8 288 430 17 13 440 330
A-LT-216-A2J-SX 216 .86 21.8 288 430 17 13 440 330
A-LT-228-A2J-SX 228 .94 23.9 331 494 19 14 480 360
A-LT-240-A2J-SX 240 .94 23.9 331 494 19 14 480 360
A-LT-264-A2J-SX 264 .94 23.9 331 494 19 14 480 360
A-LT-276-A2J-SX 276 .98 24.9 355 530 20 15 500 370
A-LT-288-A2J-SX 288 .98 24.9 355 530 20 15 500 370
Part Number Gude- a particular part number Standard Tweke Fibers per tube. Alcatei uses 'Weghts gven are for deledric central slren
is NOT complete until you select a fiber type (SXJ advanced ABM2 buffer tube material. member (CSM).
A = Typically Deployed in North and latn America Installatton
LT = Lose Tube Mximum InstallaKon Load: 600 Ibf (2670 N)
###= Fiber Count Mximum Operaton Load: 180 Ibf (800 N)
A2J = Single Armored Double Jaclet
Environmental
SX = Fiber Type
Temperatura Range: For additional Information visil Alcatei oniine o
51 = Standard Snglemode
Insfallation: -30C fo -fOC your nearesJ Optca! Rber Sales Represenf
Operating: -40C to +70C www.alcatel.com/opHcalft
53 = Tera'ghf Metro
Storage: -50C to +75C
54 = Teroligh Ultra Brazl .+55 11 3008 99
M = Mixed fiber types (51 -54] The above informah'on provides typical vales. France +33 1 5551 51
A/cote/ reserves ihe rght lo cfiange specKcafons France (HQ) +33 1 39 19 12
prior no/ice. Germany _ +49 2166 27 2
India +91 11 33596
Spain +34 942 247
UK .+44 1633 413
Nortfi America .+1 828 459 97
u
Alete! 68
Rz Lose Tube Ca
Typicaily Deployed in Europe, Asia, Asia Pacific, frica, and Latn America
I Dielectric - Mechanical Specifications
Part Number ;Fiber Count Outside Diameter Cable Weght Mnimum Bend Radius
Inches mm
Inches mm Ib/tctt kg/km W/Load No Load W/Load No L
R-LT-12-NA-SX 12 .44 11.3 62 92 9 4 230 11
R-LT-24-NA-SX 24 .44 11.3 62 92 9 4 230 11
R-LT-36-NA-SX 36 .44 11.3 62 92 9 4 230 no
R-LT-48-NA-SX 48 .44 11.3 62 92 9 4 230 11
R-LT-60-NA-SX 60 .44 11.3 62 92 9 4 230 11
R-LT-72-NA-SX 72 .44 11.3 62 92 9 4 230 11
R-LT-84-NA-SX 84 .50 12.6 79 118 10 5 250 13
R-LT-96-NA-SX 96 .50 12.6 79 118 10 5 250 13
R-LT-108-NA-SX 108 .56 14.1 101 150 11 5.5 280 14
MI-120-NA-SX 120 .56 14.1 101 150 12 5.5 280 14
R-LT-132-NA-SX 132 .62 15.7 124 185 12 6 310 16
R-LT-144-NA-SX 144 .62 15.7 124 185 12 6 310 16
R-LT-156-NA-SX 156 .67 17.1 134 200 13 7 340 17
R-LT-168-NA-SX 168 .67 17.1 134 200 13 7 340 17
R-LT-180-NA-SX 180 .67 17.1 134 200 13 7 340 17
R-LT-192-NA-SX 192 .67 17.1 134 200 13 7 340 17
R-LT-204-NA-SX 204 .67 17.1 134 200 13 7 340 17
R-LT-228-NA-SX 228 .67 17.1 134 200 13 7 340 17
R-LT-240-NA-SX 240 .67 17.1 134 200 13 7 340 17
R-LT-252-NA-SX 252 .72 18.4 158 236 15 7 370 18
R-LT-264-NA-SX 264 .72 18.4 158 236 15 7 370 18
R-LT-27-NA-SX 276 .72 18.4 158 236 15 7 370 18
R-LT-288-NA-SX 288 .72 18.4 158 236 15 7 370 18
R-LT-360-NA-SX 360 .82 20.9 205 305 17 8 420 21
Parf Number Gude- a parHcular part number Standard Twelve Fbers per tobe. Alcald The nformation provided ore typcal v
is NOT complete until you setect a fiber type (SX) uses advanced PBT buffer tube material. Alete! reserves ihe righl to change specfico
R = Typicaily Deployed n Europe, Asa, wlhoul prior nore.
Installation
Asa Pacific, frica, and Lain America
Mximum Insfallaon Load: 2670 N [600 IbfJ
LT = Lose Tube
Mximum Operation Load: 800 N (180 Ibf]
### = Rber Counf
En virn menta I For cKdittona! nfoanallon vsil AJcatel oniirte o
NA = Non Armored (deedric) your nearest Optical Fiber Sales Represent
Temperature Range:
SX = Fiber Type
Insallaton: -5C to +40C www.alcatel.com/optiailfi
51 = Standard Singlemode
Opej-afng: -30C to +60C Brazil... +55 11 3068 99
Sforage: -50C to +60C France .....+33 1 55 51 51
53 = Tera'ght Mero
France (HQJ...._ .+33 1 39 19 12
54 =Tera'ght Ultra
Germany .+49 2166 27 2
M = Mixed fiber types (SI -S4)
India .+91 11 33596
Spain .+34 942 247
UK , ....+44 1633 413
f RevO,Jan. 02 A L C A T E L 800 879 98
u
Alcatel 6801
Lose Tube Cable Kz
Typically Deployed in Europe, Asia, Asia Pacific, frica, and Latn America
I Armored - Mechanical SpecificaHons
Fiber Count Outsd Diameter Cable Weight : Mnimum Bend Radus

ln< hes mm
Inches mm Ib/kft kg/km W/Load No Load W/Lood No Loa
IM.T-12-A1J-SX 12 .52 13.2 107 160 10 8 260 200
R-LT-24-A1J-SX 24 .52 13.2 107 160 10 8 260 200
R-LT-36-A1J-SX 36 .52 13.2 107 160 10 8 260 200
R-LT-48-A1J-SX 48 .52 13.2 107 160 10 8 260 200
R-LT-60-A1J-SX 60 .52 13.2 107 160 10 8 260 200
R-LT-72-A1J-SX 72 .52 13.2 107 160 10 8 260 200
R-LT-84-A1J-SX 84 .59 14.9 134 200 12 9 300 220
R-LT-96-A1J-SX 96 .59 14.9 134 200 12 9 300 220
R-LT-108-A1J-SX 108 .65 16.6 167 250 13 10 330 250
R-LT-120-A1J-SX 120 .65 16.6 167 250 13 10 330 250
R-LT-132-A1J-SX 132 .72 18.3 202 300 15 11 370 270
R-LT-144-A1J-SX 144 .72 18.3 202 300 15 11 370 270
R-LT-156-A1J-SX 156 .76 19.3 215 320 15 11 390 290
R-LT-168-A1J-SX 168 .76 19.3 215 320 15 11 390 290
R-LT-180-A1J-SX 180 .76 19.3 215 320 15 11 390 290
R-LT-192-A1J-SX 192 .76 19.3 215 320 15 11 390 290
R-LT-204-A1J-SX 204 .76 19.3 215 320 15 11 390 290
R-LT-228-A1J-SX 228 .76 19.3 215 320 15 11 390 290
R-LT-240-A1J-SX 240 .76 19.3 215 320 15 11 390 290
R-LT-252-A1J-SX 252 .81 20.8 232 375 17 12 420 310
R-LT-264-A1J-SX 264 .81 20.8 232 375 17 12 420 310
R-LT-276-A1J-SX 276 .81 20.8 232 375 17 12 420 310
R-LT-288-AU-SX 288 .81 20.8 232 375 17 12 420 310
R-LT-360-A1J-SX 360 .91 23.0 288 428 18 14 460 350
Part Number Guide- a parHcular part number Standard Twelve fibers per tube. Alcafel uses Alcatel reserves f/>e rig/il h change speafico
is NOT complete until you select a fiber type (SX) odvanced PBT buffer fube material. wHftoui prior nolice.
R = Typcally Deployed In Europe, Asia, Inslallation
Asa Pocc, frica, and Latn America Mximum Installation Load: 2070 N (600 Ibf]
LT = Lose Tube Mximum Operation Load; 800 N (180 IbfJ
### = Fiber Cbunt Envronmental
For odditbnd tnfbrmatfon visil Alete! oolne or
AIJ = Single Armored Single Jadet Temperahire Range: your necred Optcal fiber Sales Represenfc
SX = Fiber Type Installation: -5C fo +40C
www.olcatel.com/opticalfib
51 = Standard Singlemode Operating: -30C to +60C
52 =* Enhanced Singlemode Storage: -50C to +60C Brazil .+55 11 3068 99
53 = Teraght Metro France .+33 1 55 51 51
Tne above Information provdes typical vales. France(HQ) _+33 1 39 19 12
54 TeraLight Ultra
Germany _ +49 2166 27 21
M = Mixed fiber fypes (SI -S4J
India +91 11 33596
Span _ .+34 942 247 1
UK^.._ _ .+44 1633 413 6
North America +1 828 459 97
Rev O, Jan. 02 A L C A T E L 800 879 98

Alete! 68
Rz Lose Tube Ca
Typicaliy Depioyed in Europe, Asia, Asia Pacific, frica, and Latn America
I Double Jacketed - Mechanical Specfications
Part Number Fibr Cbnf Outsde Diamter Cable Weight Minimrn Bend Radius
ln< hes mm
Inches mm Ib/kff kg/km W/Load No Load W/Load No L
R-LT-12-A2J-SX 12 .61 15.6 148 220 12 9 310 230
R-LT-24-A2J-SX 24 .61 15.6 148 220 12 9 310 230
R-LT-36-A2J-SX 36 .61 15.6 148 220 12 9 310 230
R-LT-48-A2J-SX 48 .61 15.6 148 220 12 9 310 230
R-LT-60-A2J-SX 60 .61 15.6 148 220 12 9 310 230
R-LT-72-A2J-SX 72 .61 15.6 148 220 12 9 310 230
R-LT-84-A2J-SX 84 .68 17,3 178 265 14 10 350 260
R-LT-96-A2J-SX 96 .68 17.3 178 265 14 10 350 260
R-LT-108-A2J-SX 108 .72 18.2 195 290 14 11 360 270
R-LT-120-A2J-SX 120 .72 18.2 195 290 14 11 360 270
R-LT-132-A2J-SX 132 .81 20.7 249 370 . 16 12 410 310
R-LT-144-A2J-SX 144 .81 20.7 249 370 16 12 410 310
R-LT-156-A2J-SX 156 .85 21.5 269 400 17 13 430 320
R-LT-168-A2J-SX 168 .85 21.5 269 400 17 13 430 320
R-LT-180-A2J-SX 180 .85 21.5 269 400 17 13 430 320
R-LH92-A2J-SX 192 .85 21.5 269 400 17 13 430 320
R-LT-204-A2J-SX 204 .85 21.5 269 400 17 13 430 320
R-LT-228-A2J-SX 228 .85 21.5 269 400 17 13 430 320
R-LT-240-A2J-SX 240 .85 21.5 269 400 17 13 430 320
R-LT-252-A2J-SX 252 .91 23.2 309 460 18 14 460 350
R-LT-264-A2J-SX 264 .91 23.2 309 460 18 14 460 350
R-LT-276-A2J-SX 276 .91 23.2 309 460 18 14 460 350
R-LT-288-A2J-SX 288 .91 23.2 309 460 18 14 460 350
R-LT-360-A2J-SX 360 1.0 25.8 370 550 20 15 520 390
Part Number Guide- a particular part number Standard Twelve fibers per fube. Alcafel uses A/cate/ reserves ibe rght h change specfic
is NOT complete until you select a fiber type (SX) witbout prior nofice.
advanced PBT buffer tube materia!.
R - Typicaliy Depioyed n Europe, Asta, Installation
Asa Pacific, frica and Latn America
Mximum InstallaHon Load: 2670 N (600 Ibf]
LT = Lose Tube Mximum Operotion Load: 800 N (180 Ibf)
###= FiberCunf Environmental
For oddtonal informalon visl Alcatel ooline or
AZI = Single Armored double odceted Temperatura Range: yoor neares Opficd Rber Sales Representa
SX = Rber Type Installation: -5C io +40C www.alcatel.com/opticalfib
51 = Standard Singlemode Operating: -30C to +OC
52 = Enhanced Singlemode Brozl .+55 11 3068 99
Sforage: -50C to +60C
53 = TeraU'ght Metro Fronce _+33 1 5551 51
54 = Teraght Ultra The above Information provides typcal vales. France (HQ).. .+33 1 39 19 12
Germn/.. .+49 2166 27 21
M = Mixed fiber rypes (SI ~S4)
India _ .+91 11 33596
Span.._..... ._ ....._.+34 942 247 1
UK _ _.+44 1633 413 6
Norfb America _.+! 828 459 97
f RevO.Jan, 02 800 879 98

Caractersticas Constructivas
Fbca ptica UcflCfDocb o kfantnaxfa con Cispisicn N'oCero
Humero de Fbias*
Mnleo de! Cabfe

r&ifirialOeldrico
Amarre del t&c&j
Fibras Dtciifcas
BaiKrtods SiElfinxtn ^ mra
Cubana ExjHra FdfeteB oCopi'mfiro de ccx n^w
Aplicacin: Caractersticas Dimensionales

t InsiabdinaQro
vanos hasta 1 Km. Designacin ***<** *?& DimElro fltura (asa longitud
Fibras Fibras por Eiiemo NomLul L'quidi Msnli) d?
Tubo Nominal mm) Nombwl por 3c>ba
Descripcin: (mm) {Kg/km) /nj
ce tl 2 325 4!03
da acaro mlecpatto - fioura 8 - para uso 12 C6 M9 325 4*3
exterior. W
8 C6 l 53,2 325 #ra
CFOAUtG(lC SI 06 l 23^ sa 43
CFOMffl'fiG frG
3) C6 115 2W 35 4X0
35 C6 12.0 2^,0 345 4M
8 12 12,1 S.1 345 'tt-3
fi> 12 2J 24.1 315 4X0
32 12 13J ai.s 355 CO
&i 12 lifl 56^ 430 4X3
95 12 4J 3S.S 4)0 4X0
Especificacin:
FuntoaPT-1242
Caractersticas Mecnicas
CFOA-SU.FIG.8-G / CFOA-NZD.F1G.B-G
Cai^Msima Carga Wicna Resetndaa RsdioUincr>D de Ccrvalura (crea)

TlpodeCaife deTrarcJcn defcsfacco laCocnprescn Crentela. Despus ds
enMenafaratW) <N) (N> hSolacn Instsda
CFOA-Sil-FIG-8-G 2xCtrEtra lOxDaroetra

CFQA-MZD-FKLfl-G 5450 -CO 22CO
Ecaoi3d=lCstk ExletrotsICEife
Formacin de los Cables pticos

tspanfcts desds C6h3sta&5 Rfaras.
CFOA-SM FIG.8 - G
Bemedb Cfirtrai Dfetdtto

Rj'pCCfiJ
6O Fibras
iumplexer
iTM-l/4 ptica! Mutiservce Node for Consumer Premises
4a e^r=--
The Alcatel 1642 Edge Multiplexer (EM), part The benets can be summarized in Lhe exlertsve
The Alcatel 1642
of tiie Optical Multiservice Node (OMSN) family, end-to-end patli control and monitoring capabil-
b a mulliservce C
is an ideal, space-saving, multservice buildng ites offered by SDH networks. It is worthwhile
htghlighfs Etherne
block for customer preraises and metro networks, adoptng SDH teclmology for the delvery of Ethernet ports with
providing unmatched performance for iLs sze. Eiernet LAN services, bringing ie benefits Ethernet swchng
of SDH to ie transport of data services. Tlie to enable both po

(E-Iino) and multip
The main applications for thc Alcatel variety of existng and future intcrfaces and
(E-LAN) Ethernet s
1642EMare: services can be easily mapped into ie SDH
> Delivery of Ethernet, SDH, and other transport layer, adding the reliability and
data servces Lo customer premises, exibility of SDH transporL and providing
based on quality of service (QoS) levis a future-proof investment for new services.
> Local and metro rings
> Point-to-point links witli intermedate
drop/inscrt or rcgcncration stations Figure 1 - The ALcatei 1642 EM in the Network
A Cost-Effective CPE for

Multiservice Optical Access
Metro
The extensin of SDII benefits to customer Core
premises is an cstabJshed conccpt Installalion

of customer premises equipment (CPE) for
Mefro
leaaed Une and daLa semces Lo medum-large
businesses is a reality in many access networks.
Metro
Access
Metro
CPE
AJcafe T642 EM STM-1/4 OMSN for Consumer Premises
Ethernet VPN Services Per-customer traffic flow management Tlie shared bandwidi ring feature
and LAN Interconnection with low bandwidth granularity, traffic permite sharing the bandwidth betw
Data-aware features integrated into the segregaion, aiid a per-5ow QoS mltiple users accessing the rig, us
OMSN family through Integrated Service mechanisin ai-e supported to enable for instance, only 1 x VC-3 on each l
Adapter (ISA) plvig-n modules fully service-oriented Ethernet networking. for Ethernet traffic and leaving baad
address the carriers' technical remiire- Tvidtlifor other revenue-eeneratig
Stnts and future service needs to Two diSerent blade options are available,
according to reqoired capacy aud
ptica! provisioning platf orms. featureSjto provide tlie best, cost- The Alcatel 1642 EM with thelSA-K
^titiiized Ethernet soution for different blade provides operators with an op
Jtfcatel 1642 EM features an networking applicatons: mized solution for soriplyiiig EtiierB
carjability > IS-ES1 3-port versin, offering LAN interconnecon services with o
ofhighy reliable 2 x FE El + 1 xFE opticalports on incrementa! investinentsv exploitii\^t
frame-based data interconnections in board^providina.155 Mb/s back-panel existina^SDH iirastructure,, and sie
Knt-to-pointvpoint-to-raultpoint, and capacity and featuiing GFP, YGAT, ingtiie deployment of a new, unneces
caons- LOAS, and ^^LAN/^n-Q with QoS ovetiay infrasfcructure. Ibis capabQfty
maefv reduces boi CAPEX and OP
The ability to map Ethernet flows into > ISA-ES1 8-portversionôffei-ing;
mltiple SDHresources using virtual 8 x FE El porte on board, and the Compact, Flexible, Data-
concaenaon dramatically boosts the san\ features as ie 3-port versin, Oriented, Future-Proof
survivabUitg of thenser data connection The Alcatel 1642 EMIs based oB-2^
ia cases of network failure, Through the integration of Ethemet STM-l/STM-4 line interfaces, -up to
swicMng, point-to^)oint (S-3ine) and 16 STM-1 equivaleiitfillynon-blockm
Through the hosting of ISA-Eiernet poinfrto-multipoint (E-LAN) applicatons higlt-order/low-order SDH matrix^^
Switch CES} bladesthe Alcatel 1642 EM and sliared bandwidth rin^ can be clockreference and ejirpment cont
enables camer-dass Ethemet "VPN in^lemented. Trese features aliow for onctifHs^lL coiicentrated iu a
and agêgation services in the metro a drastic reducton of the resources wide compact ADm <?*&$,
necessary; f o connecf severa customer
aifes wh JEtlieniefi LN intraronnection efgygment ^lelf has ourôrs:
As well as .raappiigEtliemet customer rea for a Main Control board h^
flows onto SDHnetworlcresoorces an STM-l/STM-4 ABM, an rea for np
irough standardized mechanisnas such peratois reqoire their network ina- four tribulary boards., and reas host
as GPT/LAPS, YCAT, and LCAS, the ISA- structure to be able to mana^ and fans and the power access boas^s,
ES1 series cards introduce wire-SDeed transport new Etiernet-based,.revesMfi^-
âfication, ocing^ and scheduing, generding,.value-added services at the Tlie system can be confgured as an
capabilities on a carrier-class Ethernet lowest cos per bit, especially in the STM-1 ADM -vvith termination capas^
swILchinR blade. access network,, where bandwidth of up to 112x2" i'Ib drop br metropo
networks, or as an 5TM-4 multiservi
Alcafel 1642 EM I STM-1/4 OMSN for Consumer Premises
terminal multiplexer with 8x2 Mb and nniltservice transport node. Ih texms of and oponai power redundancy can
$ x Ethemet/Fast Ethemet nterfaces, hardware, the 1642 EM has a centralized provide equpment protection,
which can be used to link severa! offices control architecture tliat liniits te
to an enterprise networki presence of processors and software to Concernng traffic protecton, subne
oe Compaci ADM-1/4 card. Tiaffic parts work ccHinecon protectitm (^Cr:)
The 1642 Eftthas a symmetrical arcMtec- liave no on-board processois and may with the drop-and-continue mcto
tofe^ aHowingife applicaton as terminal be reused from one node to another.,, or provides improved traffic availabty
multplexer; adc/drop niultiplexer; or retrievcd fram. stock %lh no concem Tibe 1^2 EM ca beisefted diceci
nr cross-connect in spux.multiple- about software versons. The 1642 Btf inCo access rias., or
j or mesh topologes. Ali traffic ports also offers Joca! and remote software access rings through
hemet,. or SDH) o the same download. In adfition, service provideis unproected orprotected linfes. SNC
tyjie nave the saine fuictionalty and caii monitor subnets fonned b^ 1642 EMs, enables end-to-end orotection ofS32
behavior,. and t\ere s i\ inherent split even in -a network contuining. other patiis. Dual hubbng, to two dstmcl
tefcweeii tributaries and aggregates. vendoEs' eqnipment. Whetherin telecom- central ofBce transport nodes is also
numications office environments or at possible..
Resiency features or \c Vlcate 1642 entrense locatmsv iie 1642 EM lias STS-4 upihSa;.
Bîsace it tiie ideal soluon for a the correctôwersoiutou (f)G orACJ,
Figure 2 - Ethernet VPN and Aggreâtfon Servfces
Metro Aqareaafron 1P/MPL5 Applications
1642 EMC
: Enterprise 140FOX
HQ
! UB 1642 EMC
Slorage Enterprise HQ
ACATEL
Alcatel 1642 EM I STM-1/4 OMSN for Consumer Premisas
The .Alcael OMSN 1642 EM enables > L/ndirectonal, bdirecional, broadcas) > Ethernei mulfcas
connecions >Q-in-Q{802.1Q/ad)
unique ptica! network infrastmctures
> Une and VC loopbacks >QoS 802. lp
that support optmized transport and > Ethernet over SDH wih L2 neworkng >STP/RSPT(802.1d/w/s)
integrated networking functons for (e.g.( VAN/Q-n-Q| over mesh, rings, spurs
> Ethernet performance couners per po
data applications for example new aggrega8/7ov/( ncomng/ouigong
Equipmon ProfccHon
> E4tne, E-LAN, Ethernet aggregation
Ethernet VPN services, > DC-48V power redundancy services
Aerworfc Profeefibn Power

The OMSN famy consolidates the
> SNCP/1 > Staion battery: -48 V DC, 220 V AC
extensive optcaTnetworfc experence
> SNCP drop-and-continue > Power consumpfon: 40 W (typcal)
gained by Alcatel through liundreds of
>MSP 1+1
thousands of installations worldwide. > Collopsed single-node ring nterconnecfion Physicai Dmensons
> Collapsed duol-node ring, inierconnecfion > Chassis size:
Tech nica I Summary - Height: 88 mm (3.5 In.J
Moniforing. Width:443mm [17.4 n.)
Applications
> Performance monitorng according to Depth: 295 mm [ll.in.)
> Next-generaion-SDH Muftiservice CPE G.784, G.82, G.821
> Installaton options: deskfop, wall-mou
> Terminal muplexer, acfd/crop multfplexer > Palh overhead montoring (POM) on all VCs ETSi rock
or mupfe-ring or mesh nefworks > Ethernet performance moniiorng counters
> Muservce metro access coniexf Cnvironment
> Sacked and subtended rings Synchronirafion > Operating condifons: ETS 300 019, clas
> Prvate fine and Ethernet VPN services > Interna! oscator 4.6 ppm > Storage condlions: ETS 300 019, cla
(E-line, E-LAN]
> Holdover drit 0.37 ppm per day > Transportation condifions: ETS 300 0
> Single fiber working
> External sources: STM-n/2 Mb/s pors, class 2.2
1 exfernal 2 Mb/s nput/oufpu > ESD/EMC: ETSi EN 300 380, "Other
Inferaees
> Priorty and qualty (SSM) synchronzation Telecommunicatons Center" CLASS B
> Nerwork nterfaces: Compad ADM function algorithms
wfh 2 x STM-1 or 2 x STM-4 (SAI Operation
> Customer nterfaces (four slofs available Data Blade (ISA) > CMISE crafi lerminal through TIA/EIA-
eacfij:
SJ (Ethernet Swtch) ai 38.4 kb/s
- 8/28/32 x 2 Mb/s (2 mm HM
> 1 Gb/s throughpuf > Network managemenf access through
inferface/RJ-45/120 Ohm)
inerface or Qecc G.784
> 155 Mb/s back-panel capaciy
8x2 Mb/s retming (coaxial interface)
> Local and remte software download
> ESI versin 8 pars: 8 x Ethernet
. 1 x 34/45 Mb/s
10/IOOBase-T > Remoe invenory
- 1 x STM-1 (etectrical, S-1.1,L-1.1,
> ESI versin 3 pors: 2 x Ethernet > Housekeeping: 3 inpu! + ] outpus
or, 1.2]
] 0/1 OOBase-T + 1 x Ethernet > Auxiliary channels: EOW, 12 xT!A/EIA
Up o 8 x Ethernet 10/lOQBase-TX
10/lOOBase-FX
> GFP-F/LAPS, VCAT, LCAS Standards
Connectvfy
> VC-12/VC-3/VC-4 terminafons > In compliance with all the latesf releva
> Up fo 16 STM-1 equvafenf fuly ITU-T (Encluding TU G.7041, ITU G.70
>VCGroups max8 @ 21/2/1]
non-blocking SDH fabric (HO/LO)
and ITU G.707), ETSI, and IEEE sranda
n aff confgurafions > Classifcation/forwarding per port, MAC
DA 802.3, C-VLAN/S-VLAN, 802.1 p
www.afcafof.com
/ifcole and [he AJcale! ogp ore reQ(steec fradeniatks of AJcaeJ. Ail offier fradematfcs are ibe propy o iherr reipedve ownei. Mcae assutnes no responsibrfity or the aawcxy
c Ae irJoimalion pesenlefi, wfifdi s subiecl lo change wilhoul ncJice. 03 2005 Alcold. All /ighls resewed. 3CL QQdQ 0793 TQZZA Ed.01 18954
(V
1642dgo
Multplcxcr
IPWWWPMF Yium-aervKe
|__ Protected
1642 Edge Op]ica| Access
^nm Mult-Sarvice \
Mulhploxer -- .-^STM-l QpHcal Access,' 1642Edgo
iyo-cJr^ Â '" -,. ^ JT MuIhjUexcr
mlrple:
Multi-service metro applications of the Alcatel 1642 Edge Multiplexer

SIEMENS
TransXpress
SMA1K
Brief Information
Public edge networks are develop-

ng at a breakneck pace, drivng
network operators to offer a vari-
ety of services. Enterprises increas-
ingly require leased lines to build
up corporate networks for interna!
communicaton and high-speed
data exchange, using a wide range
of protocols and data formats.
Ethernet-based services and new
mobile services will genrate addi-
tionaf traffic. It takes truly versatile
platforms to meet the varied
requrements and to quench your
customers' thirst for high band-
width and quality of service.
TransXpress SMA1 K is the ideal
solution for provding cost-efficient
Ethernet, voice and data services
Supporting Ehernet-based With TransXpress SMA1K, you can
right at your customer's doorseps.
Networking extend the proven reliability, high
TransXpress SMA1K represents a very transmission rates and quality of yo
Inerconnecting geographicaiiy distrib-
compact STM-1 add/drop multiplexer, SDH technology cise to The Ethern
uted corporate networks can be quite
best suited for utilizaton in Street cabi- world oyour custorners:
challenging when end-users place high
neis or directiy on your customers'
demands n terms of reliabty and data cornbining reliableSDH quality w
premises. It fs a true multi-service net-
transmission rates. TransXpress SMA1K LAN technology;
work element that can be deployed as
provides the fittng solution offering a
a terminal multplexer or as an supporting LAN-LAN applications
wide varety of services in a very cost-
add/drop multiplexer in point-to-pont, (e.g. (eased lines);
efficient manner.
chain, star or ring topoogies.
TransXpress SMA1K combines packet- facilitating Ethernet nterfaces fo
TransXpress SMA1K is optimizad to pro- swtched data interfaces with widely cost-effective packet-based data
vide 2 Mbt/s, 34/45 Mbit/s, as well as implemented SDH platforms. Its 10/100 working (10/100 BaseT, auto-sen
10/1 OOBaseT services to residential and BaseT Ethernet interfaces allow you to ing);
busness customers. Its versatility, relia- easy interconnectyour customers' dis-
bility and compactness make offering optcal or electrical STM
tributed LAN locations to corporate net-
TransXpress SMA1K a key to gainful Une cards for ntra-offce, short-
works without any additional expensive
networks that extend to your cus- long-haul distances (single or du
thrd-party equpment, such as switch-
tomers' premises, and which are secure fber nterfaces).
es or routers. Taking advantage of
investments - today n the future. exsting SDH technology, simple bridges
are ail you need to interconnect these
LANs through pont-Lo-point links that
are transparent to higher level protocols.
Connecton to Company Site A
Metropolitan Network Enterprise
Leased Unes
Vdeo, Volee, Fax
Data (Email, !SP, etc.)
LAN to LAN Connecton
StorageArea Network
34/45
Mbit/s /SMAIK \t Cabinet
63x 2x
Working Path 2 Mbit/s 10/100BaseT
Equlpment Protecton
'. Base Station Controller
Leased Une
Meeting your Customers' TransXpress SMA1K allows mountng of up Bottom Une Benefits
Demands for Different Applications to 12 units in a single standard ETSI or 19"
Both network operators and ther custo
rack. This [aduletes the management o
With TransXpress SMA1K, you can fulfll ers stand to benefit from TransXpress
ocal exchanges vvithout additional expen-
your customers' requests for a vast number SMA1K:
diture, while bringing "fiber to the curb." In
of interfaces and applications:
street cabinets or at customers' locatons, cost savngs n investment, operatio
vast varietyof interfaces: TransXpress SMA1K is your choice when it and maintenance due to compact
2x10/1 OOBaseT, 63 X 2Mbit/s, 34 comes to optimizing your return on nvest- design and easy nstallation;
Mbit/s, 45 Mbit/s; ment in SDH access domain:
cost-efficient and versatile network a
single soluton for all topologies: easy, fastand space-saving nstallation: cess for enterprises due to a variety
linear, ring, star, stacked ring; e.g. up to 12 devices in a single interfaces which faciltate packet-
ETSI/19" rack; switched as well as voice sen/ices;
versatile applications:
corporate networks, transparent leased- Jow power consurnption (DC or AC, op- econmica! nterconnection of Ethe
line services, Enterconnecting voice tional battery back-up); net-based networks via SDH, featuri
POPs, integrated IP/voice solutions, etc.; highest reliability, high transmission
full access of up to 63 x 2 Mbit/s and
rates and quaty of service;
wireless networks: equipment protecton.
nterconnection of base-station remote monitoring of end-user inte
contra II ers; Remote Monitorng via Third-party es even across networks operated by
Envronments third-party conractors (tndem con
fiber to the curb:
nection monitoring, in-band networ
high-speed network access for en- In many operating envronments the use
element control, leased lines);
terprises. of third-party networks along the way is
inevitable. TransXpress SMA1K provides comprehensive protection mechans
Saving Space and Cutting Costs you with a variety of features for monitor- including equipment protection, 1+1
ing network elements, irrespective of the multipex section protection, SNC/P
Reducing floor space and power con-
third-party elements used: path protection;
sumption is increasingly mportant in the
econmica! and proftable operation of VC-4 lne-to-line cross-connectvity full integration into Siemens' networ
networks. The compact TransXpress SMA1K enabling network termnation func- management solutions.
s specially designed to meet these goals. tionaity NT-1 for clear separation, su-
pervisin of carrer/carrier or carrier TransXpress SMA1K is the idea! soi
The enu're multplexing functonay s
/end-user networks and domain bor- tion for network operators who are
placed on a single card. Only one board is
ders; looking for a compact yet powerful
needed to make TransXpress SMA1K work
and versatile network element to c
as an unprotected terminal multiplexer. By near- and far-end VC-4 tndem con-
nect their customers to the Informa
adding one card, t becomes a fully pro- nection monitoring (TCM)foraccurate
tion highway cost-efficiently.
teced add/drop muitipiexer. Submodules quaty of service measurement;
fit onto the main cards extending the trib-
in-band remote network element con- Contact us to learn more
utary capacity up to 63 x 2 Mbit/s.
trol via VC-4 POH supportfortransmis-
Vst our Web site at: sions across different operators' net-
www.siemens.com/optical-networks works All rights reserved, particularly in case of patent approva
GM registration. Dstribution and lechnical alterations
or send us an e-mail at: extensive protecton (equipment feman subjecl to change. All hardware and software a
are trademarks and/or brand ames of their respective m
icn.infoservice@icn.siemens.de protection, 1+1 MSP, SNC/P). facturen.
Siemens AG Information and Communication Networks Referencc No: A50Q01-N10-XX10-1-7600

Siemens and TransXpress are trademarks of Siemens AG Printed n Geimany
XX03.02.
Cisco SYSTEMS
Data S
Cisco 1751 Modular Access Router
Cisco 1751 Modular Acccss Router is The Cisco 1751 Router delivcrs thcs
ideally suited to help you evolve your capabilities wth tie power of Cisco
organization into an e-Business. It supports Software in a modular integrated acc
e-Business fea tures such as VPNs; sccure soluion. The Cisco 1751 Router pro
Internet, intranet, and extraet acccss wlth cosc-eecve soiutior. te support e-B
optonal firewall technology; broadband applications through a coniprehensiv
DSL and cable connectvily; and feature set inciuding support for:
nuiiscrvicc voicc/video/data/fax Multiservice voce/fax/data ineg
integration. The Cisco 1751 Modular * Secure Internet, intranet, and ex
Acccss Router offers: acccss witli VPN and firev/all
Hexbiliy to adapt to changing * Integrated broadband DSL conne
requirements
* VLAN support (IEEE 802.1Q)
Modularily tlia allows you to
The Cisco 1751 Rouer, a member o
indlviduaUy configure the system to
Cisco 700 Family, features a modul
meet specific busness needs
archtecture that enables cost-effectiv
Tnvcsmcnt protccion v/ith fciurcs and
upgrades and additions of WAN and
performance to suppurt nevv WAN
interfaces. Integrated network sennc
services such as broadband DSL and
functions, such as optional firewall,
cable access, multiservce voice/data
CSU, and VPN features, reduce ie
integraton, and VPNs
complexity of deploying and managi
Intcgraion of mltiple network e-Business soiutions. The Cisco 1751
fundios, ndudng an opiom firewa Router offers investment protection
VPN, and data service uni/channel your business needs i, witli a RISC
service unlt (DSU/CSU) to simpllfy architecture and features to support
dcploymcn and managcmcnt technologies and applications such as
video/data/fax integraton and VPNs
Figure 1
See Figure 2.
The Cisco 1751
Router delvers a
versa tile
e-Business WAN
access solution.
Cisco Systems, Inc.

AII contents are Copyright 1992-2003 Cisco Systems, Inc. AII rlghts reserved. Important Notlces and Privacy Statement.
Pagel of19
and serial with DSU/CSU optons for primar}' and backup WAN conncctivity. The voice intcrface cards supp
Foreign Exchange Oflice (FXO), Foregn Exchange Staion (FXS), Nelwork and User Side Voice BR (ISDN B
TE), Ear & Mouth (E&M), direct inward dial (DID), and Ti/El Multiflex VWICs. Addtonally, an Etherne
interface card provides the Cisco 1751 Router with dual-Ethernet capability to support the externa! broadba
modciri dcvices. Scc Figure 3.
Figure 3
Cisco 1751 Routcr Incorporating Ethernet WAN intcrface Cnrd (WICJ Dcpfoycd with Broadband Modcm
DSL/Cable Cisco 1751 Router with

Modem Cisco IOS Firewall
and Dual-Ethernet
In addion, dua-Ethcrnct capabiity on thc Cisco 1751 Routcr enablcs tile crcation of pcrimetcr/DMZ (dcmilit
zone) JLANs to eiance securiLy by physcally separang prvate aiid public data. See Figure 4.
Figure 4
Cisco 1751 Router fncorporating Ethernet WC to Deploy Perimeter/DMZ LAN
Cisco 1751 Router with

Cisco I OS Firewall
LAN Segment and Dual-Ethemet
DMZLAN
Prvate Web
LAN Servers
Combined, tiiese interfaces support a comprehensivo set of appications, iiicuding muitiservice voice/video/da
integratinn, Frame Relay, ISDN BR, SMDS, X.25, broadband DSL and cable serviccs, and VPNs.
Cisco Systems, Inc.

AII conients are Copyright 1992-2003 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reservad. Important Notices and PnVacy Statement.
Page3of19
Key tsenefits
The Cisco 1700 Series routers support tlie valu of end-o-end Cisco network soiutions with the followlng be
ftfax/M/fvThe modular Cisco 1751 Router adapts easily to fit tie needs of growing busiiiesses. Interchange
WAN interfacc cards cnablc casy additions or changcs in WAN tcchnologics without rcquirng a forklift upgr
ie entire patTonn. Modular data and voice slots enable users to tailor data and voice services as iieeded. Wi
ability to use thc same field-upgradablc WAN and voice interfacc cards across mltiple Cisco access routcr platf
Lhc Cisco 1751 RouLcr reduces requirernents for sparc pars inventory and support training.
MultiservSce AccessFor businesses that want to become e-Businesses and incorprate applicaons that int
multiservce voice/video/data/fax capabilities now or in the future, the Cisco 1751 Router offers a flexible,
cost-cffcctivc answcr. The Cisco 1751 Routcr cnabcs network managers o savc on ong-distance intcrofcc b
costs. It also ineroperates with next-generaiion voice-enabled applications such as integrated messaging and
Web-based cali centers. The Cisco 1751 Router works with tlie sxistiiig telephonc infrastructurephones, fa
madiines, key eephone systems (KTS) unis, and PBX (incluting digital PSXs)minimlzing capital costs.
See Figure 5.
Figure 5
vbiceMdeo/data/fax Integration. The Cisco 1751 Router integrales data and volee capablltfes. slgnicantly lovvering toll charges for small
mcdium-sizcri busncsscs and cntcrprisc small branch offices.
Small Branch Office
Intranet
Leased Line
Frame Relay
f Cisco Voice
Manager
Cisco 3600
(CVM)
Lower Cos ofwnei'shlpThe Cisco 1751 Router provides a complete solution for integrated voce and data
in a single product, climinating the need to install and maintain a large number of seprate dcvices. You can com
optional funconsincluding a voice gateway, dynainic frewall, VPN tumiel server, DSU/CSU, ISDN networ
Cisco Systems, Inc.

AII contenta are Copyright 1992-2003 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved, Imporiant Notices and Privacy Satement.
Page-1ofl9
termination-1 (NTl) device, and moreto reduce deployment and managementcosts.Tlissolution can be ma
rpmni-pfv Miino npHA/nrlr msmaopmpnf annlirflfnnc nrh 3 (?i<srnWnrl;nftf anri PkrnVipw nr anv SWMP-hf
inanagcmcnt tool.
JnvcsmcntProtcctonThe Cisco 175] Roucr RISC nrchitccirc, Cisco IOS Software, and modular slots p
solid investment protection. The Cisco 1751 incorporates serviccs such as mulscrvice voice/video/data/fax
integration, WNs, and broadband DSL and cable Communications to enabe today's succcssful e-Busincss.
nfirTnl ovnincinn clnf rvn thr* rrmfhpi-.. HnnrH nffm-c ho nViilifw tn cunnnrt h:irrh*;:irn_:iccicfrvt TP's/if H^n mrrim
i j t i j i
Ti/El speeds.
For a complete st o' Cisco 1751 Router eatures and beiietits, see Table 2.
Table 2 Key Features and Benefits
Features Benefits
Flexiblity
FulI Cisco IOS Software support, including Provides the industry's most robust, scalable, and feature
multiprotocol routing (IR IPX, Apple Talk, IBM/ internetworking software support using the de facto stan
SNA) and bridging networking software for the Internet and prvate WANs
Part of the Cisco end-to-end network solution
Integra ted Voice and Data Netvi/oritng
Cisco 1751 router chassis accepts both WAN Reduces long-distance toll charges by allowlng the data
and uaice Interface cards network to carry nteroffice voice and fax traffic
Works with exsting handsets, key units, and PBXs, elimn
the need for a costly phone-equpment upgrade
Modular Archtecture
Accepts an array of WAN and voice interface Adds flexibility and nvestment protection
cards
WAN nterface cards and voice interface cards Reduce cost of maintatning nventory
are shared wlth Cisco 1600, 1700, 2600, and Lower tranng costs for support personnel
3600 routers Protect investments through re-use on various platforms
Autosensing 10/100 Fast Ethernet Simplifies migraton to Fast Ethernet performance in the
Expansin Slot on Motherboard Allows expandability to support hardware-assisted encry

atTl/E1 speeds
Allows support for future technologies
Dual DSP Slots AIIow expandability to support additional volee channels
Security
The Cisco IOS Firewall Feature Set ncludes Allows internal users to access the Internet with secure,
context-based access control fordynamc per-appllcation-based, dynamic access control, whe
frewall fltering, denial-of-service detection and preventing unauthorized Internet users from accessing th
prevencin, Java blocking, real-time alerts, internal LAN
Intrusin Detection System (IDS), and
encryption
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Page5of19
Tabla 2 Key Features and Benefits (Continuad)
Features Benefits
IPSec DES and 3DES Enable creaton of VPNs by providing industry-standard d

prvacy, Integrity, and authenticity as data traverses the
Internet or a shared publlc network
Supports up to T68-bitencryption
Hardware-Based Encryption Using Optonal Supports wire-speed encryption up to T1/ET speeds

VPN Module
Device Authentcaon and Key Management
IKE, X.509v3 digital certifica to n, and supportfor Ensure proper identlty and authenticity of devices and da
certifcate enrollment protocoi (CEP) with Enable scalablity to very large IPSec networks through
certification authortes (CAs) such as Verisign automated key management
and Entrust
User Authent catin
PAP/CHAP, RADIUS, TACACS+ Support all leadlng user identity verlfcation schemes
VPN Tunnetng
IPSec, GRE, L2TP, L2F - Offer choce of standards-based tunnelng methods to cr

VPNs for IP and non-IP trafile
Allow standards-based IPSec or L2TP client to interoperat
Cisco IOS tunneting technologies
Fully interoperable with publc certifcate authorities and
standards-based producs
Part of the scalabie Cisco end-to-end VPN soution portfo
Cisco Easy VPN clent AIows the router to act as remote VPN client and have V
policles pushed down from the VPN concentrator
Cisco Unified VPN Access Server Allows the router to termnate remote access VPNs nitiat
moble and remote workers runnng Cisco VPN client soft
on PCs; and ailows the router to termnate site-site VPNs
initiated by IOS routers using the Cisco Easy CPN client f
Management
IEEE 802.1 Q VLAN Support VLANs enable effcent trafficseparation, provde better
bandwdth utilization, and alleviate scaling ssues by logi
segmentng the physical LAN infrastructure into differen
subnets
Manageable va SNMP (CiscoView, - Allow central monitoring, configuration, and diagnostcs

CiscoWorksZOOO), Teinet, and consol port functlons integrated n the Cisco 1751 router, reducing
management time and costs
Ease o Use and Insta Itaton
Cisco ConfigMaker, SETUP configuration utilty, Simplifes and reduces deployment time and costs wth
Autolnstall, color-coded ports/cables, and LED graphical LANA/PN policy confgurator; command-line,
status indlcators context-sensitive confguration questions; and stratghtfor
cabling
LEDs allows quck dagnostics and troubleshooting
Network Address Transa tlon (NAT) and Easy IP Srnplifies deployment and reduces Internet access costs
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PageBoM
Table 2 Key Features and Eenefts (Continued)
Features Benefits
QoS
CAR, Policy Routing, WFQ, PQ/CBWFQ, GTS, Allocates WAN bandwidth to priority applcations for mp
RSVR DSCP, cRTP, MLPPP and LFI performance
Reltability and ScalabiHty
Cisco IOS Software, dial-on-dernand routing, Improves network reliabity and enables scalability to [ar
dual-bank Flash memory, scaable routing networks
protocols such as OSPF, EIGRR and HSRP
Broadband Connectvily Optons
ADSL and cable connectivity deliver Leverage broadband access technologies ke cable and D
busness-class broadband access increase WAN connectivity speeds and reduce WAN acce
costs
The Cisco 1751 supports ADSL connectivity with ADSL W
Cable connectivity with the Cisco 1751 and optional integ
Cisco uBR91Q Series Cable DSU deliver business-class
broadband access
Devce Integra tion
Integrated router, voice gateway, frewall, Reduce costs and simplifies management
encryption, VPN tunne! server, DSU/CSU, and
NT! in a single devlce
Cisco IOS Software provides an extensive set of features that make the Cisco 1751 Router ideal for lexible,
high-performance commimicntions ncross both tntrnncs and the Internet:
Mulfinrnincol rnurinp IP. IPX. anri AnnleTalkl. TBM/.SNA. anri ransparent hnripinp nver SDN. asvnrh
serial, and synchronous serial such as cased lines, Frame Relay, SMDS, Switchcd 56, X.25, and X.25 ov
TCTMVT T-*
- WAN optimizationIncluding dial-on-demand routing (DDR), bandwidtli-on-demand (BOD)

and OoFF-on-demaiid circuit, onapshot roullng, compression, iltering, and spooting to reduce WAN cos
Seeurity
control lists (ACLs); user authen ti catin, authorization, and accounting (such as PAP/CIAP, TACACS+, and
RADIU5); tuid cita encrypuuii. To uiL-rease securiLy, ie uingratec Ciscu IOS ru'ewai Famre 5ei prutecis ii
LANs from atacks with context-based access control (CBAC) and Intrusin Detectton (DS), while IPSec tun
wi data encryption standard DKS and 3DHS enciypoii provide sandarcls-based data privacy, integrity, an
authenticity as data travels tlii'ougli a public network.
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Page7ofl9
The Cisco 1700 Series routers support the Cisco Kasy VPN client feature that allows the routers to act as rem
VPTsI rlipnhi Ai iirh, HIP<:P ripvirp; ran rprpiup nrprpfnpH iprtiriv nnliri*"! frnm HIP [tparn llantera* VPN hpa
thus minimizing configuraron of VPN paramccrs at thc rcmntc locatons. This solution maces dcploying W
siiiipei u: rmiuie UILCS wii lits IT suppuii ui bi iaiae uuiJiuyiiiciiis wiitjre i. is impracliuii tu iiidiviilui
configure mltiple remte dcviccs. Whilc ciisomcrs wishlng to dcploy and managc sitc-to-sitc WN would b
from Cisco Easy VPN cient because of ts simplifica tion of VPN deployment and management, managed VPN
provders and enterprlses who mus deploy and manage numerous remote sites and branch offices with IOS
for VPN vvill realze the greatest beneit.
The Cisco 1700 Series roui.cn; aiso suppori. iie Cisco Unuitid VFN Access Server feajre LTIL avvs a Cisco
router to act as a VPN head-end device. In site-to-site VPN environments, the Cisco 1700 router can termnat
tunncls inftiaicd by hc remte office routcrs tisng he Cisco Easy VPN cient Sccuriy policics can be pushcd
to the remote nice routers rom the Cisco 1700 Series routers. n addition to tenninaling site-to-site VPNs, a
1 700 Seres rouer runnlng the Unfied WN Access Server can termnate remte access WNs initiaed by mob
rciioc workcrs runnin17 Cisco \^PN clicn software on PCs. Tiiis ilcxibili17 inskcs i nossiblc for mobile mid r
workers, sud as sales people on tlie road, to access company Intranet vviere critica! data and appications e
For remote access, VPNs, Layer 2 Konvardlng (L2K), auid Layer 2 Tunneing Protocol (LETP) combine wi
cncrypton to provide a securc niuItiprotocoL soluion for IP, PX, and AppIeTalk traffic, and more. Mobile us
dial in to a service provider's local point of presence (POP) and data is "tunneled" (or encapsulated inside a
Toteo! sucli as IPSsc o" L2TP^ bsck c the Cisco 1 75 1 rousi* G secura!" sccess is co'coras sivcrk v
the internet.
Cisco IOS Software QoS Feattires
Through Cisco IOS Sf-WEire, ie Cisco 1751 RUCT detivers quailiv of service (Qo3) tiapabRL's, incIudiiigRe
ReSerVation Protocol (RSVP), Weighted Fair Queuing (WFQ). Commited Access Rate (CAR), and IP Prece
Thesc fcaturcs cnablc busincsscs to prioritzc traffic on hcir ncvvorks by user, appiication, traffic type, and
parameters, to ensure that business-crical data and delay-sensitive voice are appropriately prioritized.
Because the Cisco 1751 Router provides robust voice compression, up to 8 voice calis can occupy a single 64
channel simulaneotisiy, wiihour comproinsng data periormance. Cisco O5 voice compression cechnology
integra tes data and voice traffic tn cnable efficient use of existing data networks.
High-Performarice Architecture for VPNs 3rid Brosdband Service
rousi ta-eiuecm'y "i isco :LILII'S i i a iie scu 1 UU- iu suupui-i, PN appktily
tunneling and securiy, as wel as DSL, cable, and otlier broadband access technologes. An interna! slot on r_h
1751 motherboard supports an opdonal VPN module that provides hardvvare-asssed IPSec DES and 3DES
encrypon at Ti/El speeds. The Cisco 1751 Router equlpped with tlie WIC-lADSL supports VPN over AD
scrvicc. Scc Figure 6. Thc Cisco 1751 Router with thc uBR910 series cable DSU supports busirtcss-class bro
rnhlp
-------arrp Tbp
-------- Kfhpi-tipfA/VIC
------------- . ---1. 4
fWtf'-l KIMKTl
. . --- --- , rnrnuirip sn fllfpmnfp tnplinrl
, , ----- -------------- nf'Hpnlfvuno
-------- ._ .. ,t j,0 _ OS I 7fahlp---------
--------- ln(prnph.
with thc use of an cxtcrnal modcm. In somc cases, thc ISP providcs hc broadband modcm.
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All contents are Copyright o 1992-2003 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Important Notces and Privacy StatemenL
PageBof19
Figure t>
The Cisco 1751Router. doployed in conjunction with the AUSLW1C, enables SMB and small branch customers lo reap the benefits of A
Small Branch Headquarters

Office
Cisco 1751 Cisco 72XX

with ADSL
!*Jeti.vork Vlarsagement and tase of fnsalation
The Cisco 1751 Ruicr siippuris i runge of iicivvork-riiangemeni. aiid as-of-irisaiiiiiri LOOIS:
Cisco ConfigMaker is a Windows wizard-bascd oo designed to configure a smal network of Cisco rou
switches, hubs, and other nctwork dcviccs from a single PC. This tool makcs it easy to configure valuc-a
securitv features such as the Cisco IOS Firewall Feature Set. IPSec encryption. and nehvork address trans
(NAT); cstablish VPN poicics (ncluding QoS and sccurity); and configure the Dynamic Host Configura
n J.---I rrTT/Ti\s fnr Windows, a comprehensive ne.twork managp.ment snhit.inn fnr small to mdium rized networks
Uiat provides VVeb-based network monltorliig aiid cievice coniguraUoii management

Chro Works?. nOO; thn nrlnstrv-lnarinj Whh-hasnrl nnrwnrk manafrnmnnt siiitn from Cisrn. simnlifin.^ fnsk
as network inventor)' management and device change, rapid software image depio^-ment, and troubesho
For service providers, CISCQ Service Management (CSwy provides an extenswe suite of service managem
soluojis to enable plaiuiig, provisionng, xiionitoring, and blling.
Extendng Cisco End-to-End Soutorjs
As paruf ie cuiiiprtiiuiisivt Cscu nd-LU-eiid jitj.vvu'kiiig SLHLUI, m Cscu 7GG Seres ruuiers enable bus
to extend a cost-effective, seaniless network nfrastrucire to the small branch office. The Cisco 1700 Famil
access rouers indudes the Cisco 175 Rouer and Cisco 1721 Rouer a modular device optirnized for data
connecons. WAN cards work with boi devices, as well as wilii Cisco 1600, 2600, and 3600 Series routers
are powcrcd by Cisco IOS Software for robust WAN scrvicc bctwccn branchcs and central offices in organiz
\wiili miillinln
------------- j iif"c Rnh----------------
--------- FP:IIIT'P PT'P.-hrtspri
------nrnrpwnr*; n --
j ---------- nrnvirip nnrfnrm:iTirp
1 --- ---- fnr pnrn;n(inn
----------------- :mH
----- ^j. ----- innnrf
------ ri --
cmerging broadband technologies.

The Cisco 1751 Router also shares VoIP teclmology and anaog voice inerface cai'ds with Cisco GO and 3
Sftrifts ront.RV.s. This feature prnviriej an Rnd-to-Rnri solnon for mnlHsen'ics r.nmmimications hetwfip.n offic
simpliying Inventory needs and leveraging IT expertise across more devices hi an organizatlon.
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Page9ol"19
Jb'or a complete Hst of'physical Interf'aces, see Tables 3, 4, 5, and 6.
Tabie 3 Physical tnterfaces/Architecture
One 10/100 BaseT Fast Ethernet Port Automatic speed detecton; automatic dplex negotiation; VLAN su
(RJ45)
One Voice 1 nterface Card Slot Supports a single volee interface card with two ports per card
Two WAN Interface CardA/oce Supports any comblnation of up to two WAN nterface cards or vole
Interface Card Slots interface cards
Ethemet WAN Interface Cards Supports PPP and PPPoE; operates in full and half-duplex modes
One Auxiliary (AUX) Port RJ-45jack with RS232 nterface (plug compatible with Cisco 2500 S
AUX port); asynchronous serial DTE with ful! modem controls (CD,
RTS, GTS); asynchronous serial data rates up to 115.2 kbps
One Consol Port RJ-45jack with RS232 interface (plug compatible with Cisco 1000/1
2500 series consol ports); asynchronous serial DTE; transmit/receiv
rates up to 115.2 kbps (default 9600 bps, not a network data port); n
hardware handshakng such as RT5/CTS
One Interna! Expansin Slot Supports hardware-assisted services such as encrypton (up to Ti /E
RISC Processor Motorola MPC860P PowerQUICC at48MHz
labe 4 WAN Support
Asynchronous Serial Interfaces on Interface speed: up to 115.2 Kbps; asynchronous serial protocols:
Serial WAN Interface Cards Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP), Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP);
asynchronous interface; ElA/TIA-232
ISDN WAN Interface Cards ISDN dialup and ISDN leased [ne (IDSL) at 64 and 128 Kbps;
encapsulation over ISDN leased lne; Frame Relay and PPP
ADSL WAN Interface Cards Supports ATP adaption Layer 5 (AAL5) services and applicatons;
nteroperates with Alcatel DSLAM with Alcatel chipset and Cisco 61
6260 DSLAM with Globespan chipset; ANS Tl.413 issue 2 and ITU 9
(G.DMT) compant
Table 5 WAN nLerface Cards for Uie Cisco 1751 Router
Module Description
WIC-lT One serial, async, and sync (T1/E1)
WIC-2T Two serial, async, and sync (T1/E1)
WIC-2A/S Two low-speed serial (up to 128 kbps), async. and sync
WIC-1B-S/T One ISDN BRI S/T
WIC-1 B-U One ISDN BUI U with ntegrated NT1
WIC-1 DSU-56K4 One integrated 56/64-kbps, four-wire DSU/CSU
WIC-1 DSU-T1 One integrated Tl/fractional Ti DSU/CSU
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Page10o19
Table 5 WAN Intcrface Cards for thc Cisco 1751 Router
Module Descriptipn
WIC-1ADSL One-port ADSL nterface
WIC-1ENET One-port lOBaseT Ethernet Interface
WIC-1SHDSL One-port G.SHDSL interface
WIC-1AM One-port V.90 analog modem WIC
WIC-2AM Two-portV.9Q analog modem WIC
labe 8 Voice Interface Cards forthe Cisco 1751
VIC-2FXS Two-port FXS voice/fax interface card for voice/fax network module
VIC-2DID Two-port DID (direct inward dial) voice/fax interface card
VIC-2FXO Two-port FXO voice/fax interface card for voice/fax network module
VIC-2FXO-EU Two-port FXO voice/fax interface card for Europe
VIC-2FXO-MI Two-port FXO voice/fax interface card with battery reversal detectio
Caller ID support (for US, Canad, and others) [enhanced versin o
VI02FXO]
V1C-2FXO-M2 Two-port FXO voice/fax interface card with battery reversal detectio
Caller ID support (for Europe) [enhanced versin of the VIC-2FXO-E
VIC-2FXO-M3 Two-port FXO voice/fax interface card for Australia
VIC-2E/M Two-port E&M voice/fax interface card for vorce/fax network modul
VIC-2BRI-NT/TE Two-port network Side ISDN BRI interface
V1C-4FXS/DID1 Four-port FXS and DID voice/fax interface card
VWIC-1MFT-T1 One-port RJ-48 multiflex trunk - Ti
VWIC-2MFT-T1 Two-port RJ-48 multflex trunk -Ti
VWIC-2MFT-T1-DI Two-port RJ-48 multiflex trunk - Ti with drop and inser
VWIC-1MFT-E1 One-port RJ-48 multiflex trunk - El
VWIC-2MFT-E1 Two-port RJ-48 multiflex trunk - El
VWIC-2MFT-E1-DI Two-port RJ-48 multiflex trunk - El with drop and inser
VWIC-1MFT-G703 One-port RJ-48 multiflex trunk - El G.703

VWIC-2MFT-G703 Two-port RJ-48 multiflex trunk - El G.703
1. The Cisco 1751 cansupport three VIC-4PXS/DID cards wttti a mximum of four porte in DID mode
Voice mpiernentatsor! Requrements
Tht Ciscu 1751 Modular Aucess Rouier supporis FXG, FXS, ESuv, ISDN BRI VTCs, uiti Ti/El muitiltix v
TliR FXO intRrfar.R allnws an anafng cnnnftcfion fn thp. r.pjitral officR nf the Public Switr.hfiri TelRphnnft Netw
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Pago 11 ofio
(PSTN). The FXS interface connects basic telephone service phones (home phones), fax machines, key sets, and
Hirnnoli
o
rioo vntoop
o
aiiri rlal fmip Thp R.<&fw

inrpt'farp allnw; rnmiprrinn fnr PRY frnnr IIIPI ftip

lnp^' Th
SDN-BRI NT/TE VIC is uscd to conncct to the PSTN or a PBX/KTS, whcrcas f.he Ti/El muitiflex V/WIC
V/Vv'C SlJpUl'5 JUI Lcti U1 Vul^K 5 1' VIL US. Tl'l Il!UUS VL-rtty CSWJ 1751-V H-iULtl Vl'siuil mCIUUKi
fcatiircs nccdcd for immcdiatc intcgraion of data and voicc scrviccs:

One DSP (PVDM-256K-4)
- 32-ivB Fash incinory
* G4-VB DRAM
- Cisco IOS 1P/VX Plus feaure set
V7Cs ind VvCs ai't: avaab
TIiR Cisco 1751 and Cisco 1751-Vrniifers havR t.wo DSP modufp. slots nn fhp. motherhnard anri a mximum o
OSPs are supported per router,
DSP Requlrements
Cisco 1751 lULri- suppor. 3 Lyps fDSr iinugcy: higi coinpIexiLy (KC;, lUidiuui coinpexLv (TvC) unc F
HC ad MC are used for anaiog1 and BRI (VIC-2BRI-NTyTE) VICs; Fiexi-6 s Lised for Ti/El VWICs2 and BR
MC is inroduced in Cisco 1751 starting from Cisco IOS 12.2(8)YN relase, which will merge into 12.3(1)T
Therebre, please make sure to use Cisco 12.2(8) YN or later releases when usng MC. In addition, starling
1 2.2(3) YN relase, thc dcfault DSP imagc for BR \ÎC is changcd from HC to FIcxi-6. Tablc 7 lists thc dcfault
Tnr p:iri A/IIP
-j f nTVIPs-
- - i TYihlp t- jigtg TO.^ <;iinnnri
f f ---- fnr- i*:ir\~
- DSP imnop
-- ----- o ~ ~ T;hlp Q
- li;l>:---hp nnmlinr
--- nf
rh:mnil*:
--------- --ciTn
r
by one DSP (PVDM-256K-4) for each codee ype.
Piease use tlie folowing iies for caleuating DSP reqii'emens on tie Cisco 1751:
1. ForrhRRarlyDen1nymRTit-(RD)rRlRa.sp.s:CismO.S 12.2(2)XKr 2.2(4)XW. I2.2(4)XI,, 12.2(4)XM r !2.2(
12.2(4)YB, 12.2(8)YL, 12.2(8)Y^/ and 12.2(11)YT, or T train releases prior to 12.3(1)T:
- a. Each 2-pon analg VIC requires i D5F (PVDM-556K-4)
- b. Each VIC-2BRI-NT/TE rcquircs 2 DSPs (PVDM-25GK-8)
- c. For VWICs, rcfcr to Tablc 9. For cxamplc, 12 C.71 1 digitai Ti/El voicc calis rcqurc two DSPs; 12
cyJls rpnuir'_" Four DSPs
- d. Total DSP requirement is the sum o a, b and c. The DSP resources can not be sharcd bet\vecn anaiog
SKI VIC aiid VWiCs.
2. For thc Early Deployment (ED) releases: Cisco IOS 12.2(8)YN or later (Note: not including 12.2(11)YT)
traln releases 1Z.3(1)T or later, please always refer to the DSP Caculator in tJie foowing iink:
http ://www. cisco.com/cgi-bin/Support/DSP/cisco_prodsel.pl
1. Analog VICs includc VIC-2FXS. VIC-2FXO, VIC-2FXO-M1, VIC-2EXO-M2, V1C-2FXO-M3, VIC-2FXO-EU, VIC-2E/M, VIC-2DID.VI
DID
2. TiiS.1 VvVlCs iiiuue WvIC-IIvrT-Ti, Wv1C-2IvFT-T , WvTC-AvFT-Tl-Iil, '/WIC-IvrT-EI, VWiC-2vFT-El , v"VVIC-v?i"E-D
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* Ig
The DSP calcuiator optimizas the DSP resources tbr your conliguratioii and suggests CLl conigurations.
Table 7 DSP Firmware for each type of VICs
VIC Type Firmware Support
2-port Analog VICs HC (default), MC { starting from 12.2(8)YN)
4-port Analog VIC HC, MC (default, starting from 12.2(8)YN)
VIC-2BRJ-NT/TE HC (defaultfor ED raleases prior to 12.2(8jYN orT traln releases prior to 12.3
MC; Flexi-6 (defaultfor ED releases 12.2(8)YN or laterorTtrain releases 12.3(
later);
TI/El VWICs Flexi-6 (default)
Table 8 Cisco OS support for DSP frmware
Firmware Support IOS Relase Support
HC In all orderable IOS Releases
MC ED Releases: Cisco IOS 12.2(8)YN or later 1

TTrain Releases: Cisco IOS 12.3(1)Tor later
Flexi-6 ForTl/E1 VWICs:

ED Releases: Cisco IOS 12.2(4)YB or later 2
T Tran Releases: 6th releases of 1 2.2T or later
For VIC-2BRMMT/rE:
ED Releases: Cisco IOS 12.2(8)YN or later 3
TTrain Releases: Cisco IOS 12.3(1 )T or later
1. U doesn't include Cisco 12.2(11)YT. 12.2(n)YT doesn't support MC.

2. It doesn't Includc Cisco 12.2(11)YT.l2.2(l1)n doesn't support Fcxi-6.
3. It doesn't include Cisco 12.2(11)YT. 1Z.2(11)YT docsiVi suppor Flexi-6.
Tab!e S The number of channels supported by one DSP (PVDM-25GK-4) per codee type
Firmware
Codee HC (foranalog & BRI VICs) MC (foranalog & BRI VICs) Flex 6 (for VWICs & BRI VI
G.711 2 4 6
G.729ab2 /G.729a 2 4 3
G.726 2 4 3
G.723 2 - 2
G.728 2 - 2
Fax Relay 2 4 3
1. BRI VIC supporl in Flexi-t slarts from 1Z.Z(B)YN or 12.3(1)T.

2. G.729 and G.729b s not supported in MC or FIexi-6 irnages.
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Page13ofl9
Tabie 10 DSP Modules Available on Cisco 1751
Modules DSPs
PVDM-2S6K-4 1 DSP Module
PVDM-256K-8 2 DSP Modules
PVDM-256K-12 3 DSP Modules
PVDM-256K-16HD 4 DSP Modules
PVDM-256K-20HD 5 DSP Modules
Uisco U> Software reature ;>ets

TI-- fl --- I rjc I TI --- . --------- 1._ _ _1- _ t _ _ _ r /~>t --- T/~\ f_E _-. - - -_ _._ _ _ , .... - - - - _ _ .
iJic o3t.u A f tJi J.VUIK.CI aipjJuiLa u uiun-C ui t^jauu j._<iJ oui iCtiiuic acta. jLâiî icaimt: SCL j
amouns of Flash and DRAIv memory in the product. For defaulc mcraor}' configui-ations, pleasc see Tabc
Table 11 Cisco T75T Routr Memory Dfifaults and Mximums
Model Number Dofault FLASH/Maximum FLASH Default DRAM/Mximum D

Cisco 1751 16MB/16MB 32 MB/96 MB
Cisco 1751-V Multiservce Model 32 MB/32 MB 64MB/128MB
i nr. 'vsr.n f n i xniircrsHppnrra R rrncr, nr s.,isr.o IIA-I .inm-varcfcnircsr.r.q\virh ren rnra fcfirurrs ns \vc a
voice features (Table 12J. Each fcature sel rcquires specic amouns of RAM and Flash mcrnory in Lhc prod
Cisco IOS IP base fcature scts includc: NAT, OSPF; RADIS, and NHRP.
th NtWare Lfnk SmiY.p.s Pronr.n (NLSP), ApplTalk SvrRP, thfi Weh CacliR Cnn.rnl Protocol (WCCP
(lie Nt'lwurk Tiinuig PriCI (jNTF).
Encryption is offcrcd n .pedal cncryption fcature sc.1; (Plus PSec 56, and Plus TPScc 3DES). The VPN encr
module requires an IOS I? Plus PSec image.
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Tabie 12 Cisco IOS Features
Cisco 1751 Router Data Software Feature Sets for Cisco IOS Relase 12.1.(5)YB
Feature ame Product Code CD Number
IP S17C-12105YB CD17-C-12.1.5=
IPADSL S17C7-12105YB CD17-0-12.1.5=
IP Plus ADSL S17C7P-12105YB CD17-C7P-12.1.5=
IP Plus IPSec 56 (DES) ADSL S17C7L-12105YB CD17-C7L-12.1.5=
IP Plus IPSec 3DES ADSL S17C7K2-12105YB CD17-C7K2-12.1.5
IP/FW/IDS S17CH-12105YB CD17-CH-12.1.5=
IP/FW/IDS Plus IPSec 56 (DES) ADSL S17C7HL-12105YB CD17-C7HL-12.1.5
IP/IPX S17B-12105YB CD17~B-12.1,5=
IP/IPX/FW/IDS Plus ADSL S17B7HP-12105YB CD17-B7HP-12.1.5
IP/FW/IDS Plus IPSec 3DES ADSL S17C7HK2-12105YB CD17-C7HK2-12.1
IP/IPX/AT/IBM S17Q-121Q5YB CD17-Q~12.1.5=
IP/IPX/AT/IBM Plus ADSL S17Q7P-12105YB CD17-Q7P-12.1.5=
IP/IPX/AT/IBM/FW/ID5 Plus IPSec 56 (DES) ADSL S17Q7HL-12105YB CD17-Q7HL-12.1.5
IP/IPX/AT/IBM/FW/IDS Plus IPSec 3DES ADSL S17Q7HK2-12105YB CD17-Q7HK2-12.1.
Cisco 1751 Router DataA/oice Software Feature Packs for Cisco IOS Relase 12.1.(5)YB
Feature ame Product Code CD Number
IPA/oice Plus S17CVP-12105YB CD17-C7VP-12.1.5
IPA/oice Plus ADSL S17C7VP-12105YB CD17-C7VP-12.1.5
IP/Voce Plus IPSec 56 (DES) ADSL S17C7VL-12105YB CD17-C7VL-12.1.5
IP/Voice/FW/IDS Plus ADSL S17C7HV-12105YB CD17-C7HV-12.1.5
IPA/oce/FW/IDS Plus IPSec 56 ADSL S17C7HVL-12105YB CD17-C7HVL-12.1.
IPA/oice Plus IPSec 3DES ADSL S17C7VK2-12105YB CD17-C7VK2-12.1
IP/Voce/FW/IDS Plus IPSec 3DES ADSL S17C7HVK2-12105YB CD17-C7HVK2-12.
IP/IPXA/oice/FW/IDS Plus ADSL S17B7HPV-12105YB CD17-B7HPV-12.1
IP/IPX/AT/IBM/FW/IDS Voice Plus IPSec 56 (DES) ADSL S17Q7HVL-12105YB CD17-Q7HVL-12.1
IP/IPX/AT/IBM/FW/IDSA/oce Plus IPSec 3DES ADSL S17Q7HVK2-12105YB CD17-Q7HVK2-12
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Pagel5of19
Otfier OS Features ncluds:
QoS Features
. 17- Un..,, T?,-.,,,*.,*;
1 1 lilil. AV^1_. X > Ugllll.lll.ul.IU
* TP Prcccdcncc
- Geiieric Trafile Shaping (GTS)
. Tramn
*-" Polnir Trnffir Hnni*"
* Weighted Random Early Detection (WRED)

DSCP vlarking
Cnmnrnssnrf RTP
Mltiple Link PPP & Link Fragmcntation and Interleavlng
= Resourse Reservacin Protoco (RSVP)
- Oucuine Tcchniqucs: Wciahtcd Fair Oucuing WFQ), Priori' Oucuing PO). Low Lacrcy Oucuing LLO
CusLuin Queuiig (CQ)
- Fruciii'sicioii Tur IFSuc Tnrsding
VoP
- VoFR
- \T~AT\S
= Fax Pass Through

Fax Relay
H.323V2
Media Gateway Control Protoco 1.0
.Srjwinn Tnitinfinn Prntnrnl ?..ft
Codee Support
G.711
, Q j2Q
G.729a
G.723.I
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Dimensions
. MfAtl-.- ! ! *S :rr
7; *.OTI. lO.O cm)

Deplh: .7 h\. '(.L cuy
* Wciht (mnimum): 3. Ib ll.lit KRJ
Welght (mximum): 3.5 Ib (1.59 kc)
Povyer
* T.orlcng ainnrnr o nmvr srtrlfpr
- External Power Brlck

- C Input Voltage: 100 to 240 VC
- Frsquency: 50 - GO Hz
AC nput Current: rated 1 A, raeasured 0.5
Power Dis.sipHf.ion: 20vV (mximum)
Envronmentai
- OpRrnHng Tempernturfi: 32 tn !04 F (O tn 40 C)
- Nonopcrating Tcmperaturc: -4 to 149 F (-20 to G5 C)

= Relativa Humidity: 10 to S5% noncondensng operating; 5 to 95% noncondensing, nonoperang
ReguiaLory Approvais
UL1950, SrdEdion
- USA '': No 95-95, 3rd dltlon
- EN60950 with Al through A4 and All
- EN410Q3
- TCATSOOI-I997
- AS/NZS 3260 with Al through A4
1HC 695 with Al through A4 and al country deviaons
NOM-OO-.SCF
GB443
- ETS 300-047
- BS G3Q1 (power supply) EM!
- AS/NR2 3548 Class B
CNS-1343S
- FCC Part 5 Class B
- EN60555-2 Class B
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- HN55022 Class B
VCCI Cass II
- C1SPR-22 Class B
EN55024 comprised of:
- EC 1000-4-2 (EN61QQO-4-2)
- EC 1000-4-3 (ENV50140)
- TEC i 000-4-4 (ENS i 000-4-4}
- TEC 1000-1-5 (EN61000-1-5)

- EC 1000-4-6 (ENV50141)
- EC 3 000-4-11
- EC 1000-3-2 Network Homnogation
Europc: CTR2, CTR3, TBR21

Cunada: CS-03
United States: FCC Part 68
Japjn: Jafe NTT
Australia/New Zeaand: TS013/TS-0 31, TS002, TSU3
Hong Kong: CR22
Service and Support
Leading edge ecimology dcserves leading edge support. Service and support for tie Cisco 1751 is avaabie
one-time or an annual contract basis. Support options range from hep desk assEstance to proactive, onsite
consulta t nn. All support contracta ncludc:
Major Cisco IOS Software updatcs tn protoco. secttrity, bandwidth, and featurc improvemcnts
Full access to Cisco.com for tcchnical assistance, elecronic comnierce, and product informaiion
24-hour-a-day access G thc indusry's largcst dcdicatcd tcchnical suppcrt saff
A suppoj't conrj'act maxnzes the valu of your tecJmoJngy invesnient tlii'oughout its iifecycie, ensuring opt
performance and availability. Augment your internal staffs capabiltics by taking full advantage of Cisco ex
Contact ynur local sales niee for rurthcr infnrmatinn.
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Pagel8oM9
Cisco SYSTEMS
Data Sheet
Cisco 7200 Series Router
The Cisco 7200 Series Router delivers exceptional performance/pnce, modularity, and scalability in a compact forra factor wih a wide ra
deployment options. With processing speeds up to 1 millon. packets per second, port adapters ranging rom NxDSO to OC-12, and an
unparalleled number of high-touch IP services, the Cisco 7200 is the ideal WAN edge device for enlerprises and service providers deploy
any of the followng solutions:
WAN edge - Award-winning quality-of-service (QoS) feature performance
Broadband aggregafion Up to 8,000 Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) sessions per chassis
Mitlprolocol Label Switchhig provider edge (MPLSPE) Number one choice forprovider edge deployment today
Voice/video/data ntegrafion ~ Time-division multiplexer (TDM)-enabled VXR chassis and volee port adapters
P Security vii'tua! prvate networking (PSec VPN) Scalable to 5,000 tunnels per chassis
High-end customer premises equipment (CPE)
The Cisco 7200 addresses these solution requirements by ntegrating finctions previously performed by seprate dcvces into a single
platform. Through this integration, the Cisco 7200 provides a single, cost-effective platform that supports:
High-densy LAN and WAN interfaces
Broadband subscriber services aggregation, including PPP, RFC 1483 termination, and Layer 2 Tunuelhig Protocol (L2TP) Imineling
Digital Ti/El TDM trunk termination for voice, video, and data
High-density multichannel T3/E3 and Ti/El with integrated channel service unit/data service unit (CSU/DSU)
ATM, Packet over SONET (POS), and Dynamic Packet Transport (DPT) connectivity
Drect ATM Circuit Emulation Standard (CES) connectivity for voice, video, and data
Direct IBM mainframe channel connectivity
Light-density Layer 2 Ethernet swtching
Figure 1
The Cisco 7200 Router Series
The Cisco 7200 Series offers a rich set of capabilities hat address requirements for performance, density, high reliability, availability,
serviceability, and rnanageability (Table 1).
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Table 1. Cisco 7200 Features and Benefi
Up to 1 Mpps processing Provides high-performance routing and processing performance

capability
Mximum connectivity options Meis a variety of topology requirements wih the widest range of port densities and interface options
Breadth of services Supports QoS, security, MPLS, broadband, rnultiservice, and management feaures for next-generato
networks
Investment protecion Low initial investment with upgrade and redeployment capability
Applications
VPN galeways - With thc uew VPN Acceleration Module (VAM), the Cisco 7200 provides high-performance, hardware-assisted encr
key generaton, and compression. services suiable for ste-to-site VPN applications.
Broadband subscber aggregaion sen'ices For smll- and medium-density aggregaton for network operators, corapetitive local exc
carriers (CLECs), Internet servce providers (ISPs), post, telephone, and tclegraph networks (PTTs), and enterprises worldwide, the Ci
7200 offers difieren ti ated, value-added service platform with hardware-acceleratcd Parallel Express Fonvarding (PXF) services. Key fe
includc:
Flexible, modular nterfaccs for trafile aggregaton: OC-3, DS3, Fast Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet, POS
- IP and ATM QoS/class of service (CoS)
- MPLS VPN and full L2TP support
Feature-rich IP services and PPP termnatioa support
Mitltiservice capab'itles The Cisco 7200 Seres provides a scalable voice gateway solution, rangng fi-om 2 to 20Tls and Els. The
advanced QoS and rnultiservice features of the Cisco 7200 Series raakes It an ideal platform n a large number of enterprise and service
providcr deployments as managed multscrvice CPE or as a voice gateway.
Managed nehvorksences CPE The Cisco 7200 s a cost-effecdve CPE solution with a Geld upgradable modular platform. Key featu
for revcnue-generating services include QoS, MPLS (MPLS VPN, MPLS QoS, MPLS TE), \VAN edge services (VLAN support, NetF
NBAR), Security services (NAT, ACL, hardware encryption for VPNs), and voice/vdeo/data integration.
Enterprise WAN aggregaion The Cisco 7200 pro vides a flexible aggregatlon solution that accommodates a wde range of conneclivi
service options, offers high quality and relabitty, and can scale to meet future requirements. The Cisco 7200's performance perprce r
the DSO to OC-3/STM1 range makes it the ideal platform for aggregating mltiple branch offlccs or remote locations.
Product Specificatons
Cards, Ports, Slots

Table 2.
Cisco 7204VXR Cisco 7206VXR

Configurable Slots 4 6
Ethernet (10BASE-T) Ports 32 48
Ethernet (10BASE-FL) Ports 20 30
Fast Ethernet (TX) Ports 4 Upto6
Fast Ethernet (FX) Ports 4 Upto6
EtherSwitch Port Adapters 2 2
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100VG-AnyLAN Ports 4 Upto6
FDDI (FDX, HDX) Ports 0 0
ATM Ports (T3, OC-3) 4,4 Up to 6, 4

Packet over SONET 2 2
ATM-CES Port Adapters (Data, Voice, Video), Dual-Wide 1 1
Token Ring (FDX, HDX) Ports 16 24
Synchronous Serial Ports 32 48
JSDN BRI Ports (U, S/T) 16,32 24,48
ISDN PRI, Multichanne! T1/E1 Ports 32 48
Mulchannel T3 Ports Upto4 UptoS
HSSI Ports UptoS Up to 12
Packet overT3/E3 Ports (Integrated DSU) UptoS Up to 12
IBM Channel Interface Ports (ESCON and Parallel) 6 6
VPN Acceleration Module 1

1
Components
Chassis
Table 3.
ÊfS B3S>J&3;? <?@33
^hassfsRa^^^^V-Tr-'^-^rj fiw -:- -' :-; ' - ' P*^3SS&iZZ&r&^nWas^'sco 7204VX
9 with RDS mounting system for front-to-back airflow
I/O Card slots 1 Same as Cisco 7204VX
Port Adapter Slots 4 6
Midplane 2 independent 32-bit, 50-MHz PCI buses with an aggregae bandwdh of Same as Cisco 7204VX
1.6 Gbps when used with NPE-400 orabove
Online Insertion and Removai Yes Same as Cisco 7204VX
(OR)
Field-Replaceable Components Processor, memory, powersupply, I/O card, and portadapters Same as Cisco 7204VX
Additiona Standard Components AC power supply, AC power cord Same as Cisco 7204VX
The Cisco 7200 Series VXR chassis also include a Multiservice Interchange (MIX), which. supports switching of DSO time slots va M
interconnects across the midplane to each port adapter slot.
The midplane and Lhe MDC also support dlstributon of clocking between. channelized interfaces on the Cisco 7200 to support voce an
other constant-bit-rate applications. The VXR midplane provides two lll-duplex 8.192-Mbps TDM streams between each port adapte
and the MIX, wliich is capable of swHching DSOs on all 12 8.192-Mbps streams. Each streara can support up to 128 DSO channels.
The MTX n the Cisco 7200VXR provides the ability to switch DSO time slots between multichannel TI and El inerfaces, much Iike T
capabilies. This enables Ihe Cisco 72OVXR to switch DSO voce channels on a Ti/El interface on one port adapter o and from sepa
voice-processing port adapters. It also enables DSOs to be switched through the Cisco 7200AOCR without any processing, which is a
requrement n certaln voice configurations.
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Processors
The Cisco 7200 Series seis new standards in mceting requirements for high-performance Layer 3 services at an afbrdable price for bo
service providers and enterpiises.
The foliowingprocessors are currenly available for the Cisco 7200 Seres;
- NPE-225
- NPE-400
- NSE-1
- NPE-G1
The NPE processors ofer exceptonal prce/perforrnance for most applicaons, including enterprise WAN aggregatlon, CPE, muliser
and VPN. These processors provide ihe greaiest flexibiity when deploying new features.
The NSE-1 Network Services Engine takes advanlage of PXF to offer services acceleraton for "hgh-touch" edge services for applicat
such as broadband and leased-Jine aggregatiojo,
Key features suppored by the Cisco 7200 Series processors incJude security, QoS, trafic management, and network raanagernen.
More Information on the Cisco 7200 processors s available at:
httn:/Avww.cisco.comAvarD/Dublic/cc/Dd/rt/72QO/Drodlit/npe72 ds.htm
http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/cc/pd/ifaa/prossor/nsel/
http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/cc/pd/ifaa/prossQr/Drodlit/npegl ds.htm
Input/Output Controllers
Each Cisco 7200 Seres chassis has a dedicated slot for an I/O controller. The foliowing ypes of I/O conrollers are currently supporte
including sorne with LAN ports for increased density without using a port adaper slot:
- C7200-I/O, Cisco 7200 I/O Controller

- C7200-I/0-2FE/E, Cisco 7200 I/O Controller with dual autosensing 10/100 Ethernet ports
- C72QO-I/O-GE+E, Cisco 7200 I/O Controller with 1 Ggabit Ethcmct Interfacc Convcrtcr (GBIC) port and onc Ethernet port
More Information on I/O controllers is available at: iittp://ww\v.ciscQ.CQm/warp/publc/cc/pd/rty720Q/prQdiit/7200i ds.him
Environmental Condtions
Table 4.

Operating temperature 32to104 D F(Oto40 0 C) Same as Cisco 7204VXR
Sorage temperature -4" o 149F Same as Cisco 7204VXR
(-20 to 65C)
Operating humidity 10 to 90% (noncondensing) Same as Cisco 7204VXR
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MPLS
- MPLSVPN
- MPLS QaS
- MPLS trafic engineering
Broadband aggregaton
- PPPoX
- RBE
- PPPoverX(PPPoX)wjthL2TP
- MLPPP
Multiservice/voce
- cRTP
- LFI
- FRF11/12
- MLPPP
- MLFR
Tunneling
- GRE
- L2TP
- im
Other
- ACLs
- NAT
- NetFlow
Firewall
- Multicast
Performance
Up to 225 kpps whhNPE-225 processor
Up to 400 .kpps with NPE-400 processor
Up to 300 kpps wth accelerated services with NSE-1 processor
Up o 1 Mpps withNPE-Gl processor
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Memory
Table 5.
Processor Memory 128 MB (default for NPE-225, NPE-400 and NSE-1) Same as Cisco 7204VXR
256 MB (default for NPE-G1, max for NPE-225, NSE-1)
512 MB (max for NPE-400)
Flash disk memory card (optlonal, up to 2 48 MB, expandable to 128 MB for I/O controllers Same as Cisco 7204VXR
slos available) 64 MB, expandable io 256 MB for NPE-G1
Network Management
Network Management Appicaons:
Element Manager Software (EMS) for the Cisco 7200 and 7400 Series
Cisco Secure Policy Manager
= Cisco VPN Device Manager (VDM)
Cisco QoS Device Manager (QDM)
Cisco Info CenCer
CiscoWorks
Secure command-line interface using Secure SheJJ (SSH) Protoco
HTML-based. management tooJ
Physical Specifications
Table 6.

Heght 5.25 in. (13.34 cm) 5.25 in. (13.34 cm)
Width 1 6.8 in. (42.67 cm) 1 6.8 in. (42.67 cm)
Depth 17in.(43.l8cm) 17In.(43.18cm)
Weight Chassis is fully configurad with a network processing engne, Chassis is fully configured with a network processing eng
I/O controller, four por adapers, two power supplies, and a I/O controller, sx port adapters, two power supplies, and
........ - . . . fan tray: -50 Ib (22.7 kg) fan tray; -50 Ib (22.7 kg)
Power
The Cisco 7200 s available \vith single and dual power supply opons for boh AC and DC.
Table 7.

AC-input power 370W rnax. (single or dual power supply configuration) Same as Cisco 7204VXR
AC-Inpu voltage ratlng 1 00-240 VAC wide input with power factor correction Same as Cisco 7204VXR
AC-Input current rating Not o exceed 5A max. at 1 00 VAC and 2.5A max. at 240 VAC with Same as Cisco 7204VXR
he chassis fully configured
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Page7of 12
AC-input frequency rating 50/60 Hz Same as Cisco 7204VXR
AC-npu cable 18 AWG 3-wre cable, with 3-lead IEC-320 receptacle on the power Same as Cisco 7204VXR
suppfy end, and a country-dependent plug on the power source
end
DC-output power 280W max, (single or dual power supply confguration) Same as Cisco 7204VXR
DC-input power 370W max. (single ordual power supply configuration) Same as Cisco 7204VXR
DC-input votage rating -24 to -60 VDC for global DC power requirements Same as Cisco 7204VXR
DC-input current rating Not to exceed 1 3A max. at -48 VDC Same as Cisco 7204VXR
(370W/-48 VDC = 7.7A typical draw)
Not to exceed 8A max. at -60 VDC
(370W/-60 VDC = 6.2A typical draw)
DC voltages suppiied and mximum +5.2V at 360A Same as Cisco 7204VXR
steady-sate current ratings +12.2V at 9A
-12.0Vat1.5A
+3.5V at 1 3A
DC-input cable 14 AWG recommended mnimum, wh at least 3 conductors rated Same as Cisco 7204VXR
foratleas140 0 F(60C)
Frequency 50/60 Hz Same as Cisco 7204VXR
Airflow -80 cfm Same as Cisco 7204VXR
Power dissipaion -370W max. configuration Same as Cisco 7204VXR
Heat dissipation 370W(1262BTUs) Same as Cisco 7204VXR
Noise level Front (I/O Controller and PA side);44.2 db Same as Cisco 7204VXR
Back (Power supply side): 43.7 db
Left (Fan side): 47.2 db
Right: 44.8 db
Protocols
The Cisco 7200 Series Router supports the following standard Internet protocols:
Layer 2 and Layer 3 protocols- Address Resoutioii Protoco (ARP), IPCP, IP fonvarding, IP host, IP Multicast, PPP-over-ATM, TC
Telnet, Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTI1), User Datagram Protocol (UDP), transparent bridging, virtual LAN (VLAN), MPLS,
=- Layer 3 roungprolocols ~ EIGRP, IGRP, IS-IS, OSPF, BGP, PJM, and P
tfehvork matiagemenf andsecuriy - AAA, CHAP, FTP, RADIUS, SNMP, PAP, and TACAC3
KFC 1483: Multiproocol Encapsulaon over ATMAT, i*
* &FC1577: Classical IP and ARP over ATM AAL 5
ARP Determines the destnation MAC address of a host usingj's known IP addrSSS
* BOOTP-Uses connectionless transport layer (UDP); aliows the switch (BOOTP client) o get ts IP address fi-ora a BOOTP server
* fiterne Control Messass Protocol (ICMP) Alows hosts o send error or control messages o other hosts; is a required par of IP; fo
example, the ping command uses ICMP echo requests o test if a desnaton is alive an
* IP orlP over ATM Suie used to send IP datagram packets between nodes on the Internet
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* JCP A.reliable, fill-duplex, councction-oriented end-to-end transport protocol running on top of IP; for exampk, theTelnetprotoco
t TCP/IP protocol suilB
* Packel Internet groper (plng) - Tests the accessibiliy of a remote site by sending i an ICMP echo request and waiting br S5sjy
* TFTP ~ Downloads nctwork software updates and configuraron files (Flashcode) to workgroup swtch producs
* Reverse Address Resoluion Protocol (RARP) - Determines an IP address knowng only a MAC address; for example, BOOTP and R
broadcast requests are used to get IP addresses fram a BOOTP or RARPD seâr
* Sera! L'me Internet Protocol (SUP) Aversin ofIP thalruns over serial links, allowinglP communicatons ovcr the administraive
jsterce
* PPP Provides bost-to-network and swtch-o-switch connectons over synchronous and asynchronous croiSS
smpl& Nehvork Managemenl Proiocol (SNMP) Agents that process rcquess for network mauagement statons and report excepon
conditions when they occur; requires access to information stored in a MTB
* Tefnef A terminal emulation proocol that allosvs remte access to the adranistrative nterface of a swch over the network (in-b&&
/SP Eiiables an application (sucb as an SNMP agent) on onc system to send a dalagram to an application (a network management s
ising SNMP) on another system; uses IP to deiivcr datagrams; TFTP uses 'D'P/P ^rotocol suites
* Dynamc Hnsi Connecdnn Proocol (DHCP) Lets a host automacally obain their IP address, subnet mask, and default rou&froic
tKi^red1 UHCP server ou the network
* 3O'Sfaidby RouierProocol (HSRP) Provides Bist cut-over to abackup router m the eventofa system orlnJcfailun;
Product Regulatory Approvals and Compliance
Product Regulatory Compliance

Tlie following able lists regulaory complance standards .for the Cisco 7204VXR and 7205VXR chasss.
Table 8.
Compliance Standard
Product Safety UL1950, OSA 22.2 No. 950 EN60950, EN41003, AUSTEL TS001, AS/NZ 3260, IEC 950
Emissions FCC Class A, CSA Class A, EN55022 Class B, VCCI Class 2, AS/NRZ 3548 Class A
Immunity IEC-1 000-4-2, IEC-1000-4-3, IEC-100D-4-4, IEC-1000-4-5, IEC-1000-4-6, IEC-1000-4-11, 1EC-1000-3-2
NEBS Level 3
Product System Requirements
Hardware Requlrements
Hardware for Cisco 7200 Series Router jndudes:
7204VXR or Cisco 7206VXR chassis

Network Processing Engine orNehvork Services Engine
Jnput/Oulput controller
Processor memory
Input/Output controllermemory
Cisco Systems, Inc.

A contente are Copyright 1992-2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. AII righs reservad. Imporant Notices and Privacy Statement
Page 9 of 12
upply
* Consol and auxiliar/ cables
SecontfpQwer suppfy,
* Port adapers
* Service adapters
Note: You mus order a network processing or services engine for tlie Cisco 7206VXR and Cisco 7204VXR. With the NPE-225, NPE
and NSE-1 processors, you must also order an inpui/output controller. With the NPE-G1 processor, the input/ouput controller s optiona
Software Requirements
7a lcate the mnimum suppored Cisco IOS Software Relase by train for all Cisco 7200 Series producs, use flie Hardware/Software
Compatibilty Matrix at: http://www.ciscoxom/pcg"bn/front.x/Support/HWSWma[rix/hwswmatrx.cg.
Ir? general, he mnimum suppor Cisco IOS Software releases for he Cisco 72G4YXR. and Cisco 72Q6YXRare U.I(36)CAorlaer; 11.
oriater; or 11.3(1) orlaer. Consulthe compaibliy matrix above for more detaled nformaon.
Product Ordering Details
Ordring Instructions
Pease visit http://www.cisco.com/public/orderingînfo.shtml to place an order.
Product part Number

To fnd part descriptions and part numbers for Cisco producs, use the online Cisco Pricing Tool at: http://www.cisco.coro/DCgi-
bin/f-ont.x/pri cn g.
The base chassis product IDs are shown beiow. In aidiion, various bundies, spares, and opions are avaiiabie. To access part descripions
part numbers use he onlhie Cisco Prcng Tto' atrhp://www.cisco^com/pj:gi-brn/iron.x/prcng.
Part Number Description

Cisco 7204VXR Cisco 7204VXR, 4-s[ot chassis, 1 AC suppiy with IP software
Cisco 7206VXR Cisco 7206VXR, 6-slot chassis, 1 AC suppiy with IP software
Migration Program
A Technology Migration Plan has been established forths product.
The Technology Migraion Plan ts an innovave, industry-rs sales program ha allows customers to rade a Cisco and compeilors' pro
to receJve a trade-in credit toward the purchase of any new Cisco product. The program underscores Cisco's comraitment to its customers
prvido end-o-end product sohitions and effectivc migration options in he face of evcr-changng network requircmcnls.
Fot detals about technology migration; gcr tu'htp:/Avww.cisco.com/offer/ic/TMP PA.hml.
Cisco Svsems., Inc.

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Page ~
Service and Support

Cisco Systems ofcrs a wide range of service and suppor opions for its cnsiomEEs. More infermaon on Cisco service und suppor pro
and benefts are avalable at: hp://www,csco.com/pubUc/Suppor rooi.shnl.
Service and Support
Cisco Systems offers a wide range of service and suppor opilos br is ciisomers. More iiifbrmaioii on Cisco servce jmd suppor progn
and benefits are available at: htlD://www.cisco.cgm/pubIic/Spport_rooLshtml.
Cisco Systems, nc.

All conens are Copyright 1992-2O05 Oseo Syssms, inc. Al riohis i=ssrved. imporan Notices snd Privacy SaenseiiiL
Page
VANGUAR
1 MANAGED'SOLUT
Technologies
Vanguard Multi-Service
IP Access Routers
Crate Innovatve Networking
Solutions That Optimize Performan
Security, and Quality of Service Wh
Preserving Yesterday's Investments
.m Hghghts Vanguard Managed Solutions offers a complete lne of multi-sewce IP access routers
enterprise networks that enable the integration of secure IP services with legacy data,
Inteilgent QoS-enabled IP services and vdeo applications over the WAN while optimzng network performance, security3 a
qualiy of sen/ice (QoS). The Vanguard router family is an ideal solution for enterprises
are looking for innovatve networkng solutions that preserve their investment in busine
Secure Virtual Prvate Networks
applications, iower their Communications costs, leverage the existng nfrastructure, an
(VPN)
enable future growth for IP-based applications like VolP, video streaming, and IP VPNs
Integrated native IBM/SNA serial The Vanguard family includes one of the richest sets of technologes and protocols in t
protocols industry, provding mmediate solutions for WAN access, including: X.25, frame relay, A
IP, MPLS, TDM, ISDN, DSL, and voice. The Vanguard family consists ofa scalable rang
Advanced routng multi-servce IP access routers, each provding the flexibilty and modular architecture
needed n today's branch office networks. All Vanguard routers include the award-winn
Integrated analog voice and packet Applications Ware software, a comprehensjve software suite that includes over 30 se
voice (VoFR, VolP) protocols, SNA/SDLC, BSC-to-LLC2 conversin, IP QoS, advanced IP routng, VPN, fra
relay, ATM, voice, and encrypion.
Easy to manage
Modular architecture
The Vanguard family deitvers a cost-effectve solution by supporting enterprise applicat

such as:
Secure Internet, intranet, and extranet access with VPN and IP QoS
Multi-service converged voice and data networks
Broadband DSL, cable, and wreless connect'rvty
Inter-VLAN Routng (IEEE 802.1 P&Q)
Voice over IP (VolP) to offer unifed messaging and data services
IP-enabled frame relay
The Vanguard product portfolio comprisesa range of scalable networking platforms that enable the consolidation ofvoice, IP, and leg
serial data traffic, devering busness-class WAN solutions for small branch offices, md-size regional offices, and iarge data centers.
Vanguard Product Portfolio

7330
High density mult-servce
data center or central site
access concentrator 7310
6455
0)
B Regional data & volee or
6435 Iarge branch concentrator
"u
O.
342
Multi-protocol data/voice
concentrator for small -to -mdium
branches
242D Mult-protocol data

concentrator for small branches
Functonalty/Performance
Small remote branch offices Large branch offices or regional data & voice
Retail, bank branch, and enterprise office locatons that require concentraton
a cost-effective soluton for delivering serial and IP traffic over Large, multi-protocol branch offices and regional data cent
the public network can use the Vanguard 242D forsecure that serve as a communcation hub between mltiple branc
broadband access. This feature-rich desktop unit offers the are ideally suited for the hgher performance of the Vangua
advanced security features offered by the enre Vanguard 6400 series. These sites typically have 2 or more dedicated
.-, product family, such as VPN and Frewall support, with the WAN circuits for Internet access, fax, a na I og/dgita I voice
optiona! hardware-enhanced encryption SIMM card for video applications. The Vanguard 6400 series ncludes the
additional capability and performance. Vanguard 6435 and Vanguard 6455, which process higher
volumes of transactions wthout compromsing performanc
Small- to medium-szed remote branch offices security.
Retail, bank branch, and enterprise office locations that require
a Consolidated connection to transport data and voice traffic High-density multi-service data center or centra
efficiently can use the Vanguard 340 series, whch consists of access concentraton
the compact and powerful Vanguard 340E and Vanguard 342. Enterprise data centers that communicate with many branc
Both standalone, modular unts are deally suted for he office sites or serve as a Iarge WAN access concentraton s
versatility requred by today's remote locations. The two modular can use the hgh-performance Vanguard 7300 series for
slots accept a wide array of daughter cards to support numerous redundant, secure solutions. The Vanguard 7300 series co
voice and data applcatons. Integrated networking servces such of the Vanguard 7310 and Vanguard 7330; both versons ar
as DSL, frame relay, ISDN, and leased Une technoioges offera rack-mountable and include buitt-n hardware encryption
flexible choice for connectvity and provide investment processors and a full suite of VPN and security software, m
protection for network changes. this an ideal platform for a central site VPN or consolidation
PBX and router trunks. Additional optional high-speed uplin
include DS-3 ATM and Gigabt Ethernet for future growth. T
7300 series producs are available with redundant power
supples in either standalone or rack-mount versions.
Key Features:
Advanced IP Routing
Vanguard Applications Ware The Vanguard products' versatile architecture supports
Vanguard Applications Ware offers modular software solutons processing-intensve, advanced IP routing protocols such a
that extend across the entire Vanguard family of products. Its DVMRP, OSPF, BGP-4 rouing, and NAT table look-up, ena
extensive suite of protocols and multi-protocol routng features scalable, layer 3 IP VPN and robust IP solutions that are
enables enterprises to migrate to new IP services whe interoperable with the leading edge and core router solutio
simultaneously managing their existing legacy applications.
Additional features such as Virtual Router Redundancy Pro
Intelligent QoS and Bandwidth Management (VRRP), BGP multipath, and IP payload compression ensure
The Vanguard router family includes ntelllgent QoS features for the Vanguard products are delivering IP services in a reliab
emerging IP-based WAN networks. CBQ, WFQ, DiffServ, IP ToS, cost-effective manner. The products employ 802.1 P&Q VL
and policy-based routing allow enterprises to prioritze and tier tags to prioritize the incoming LAN traffic and automatcall
different IP-based applications so that mssion-crtical or high- route traffic between the respective VLANs.
value applications-like financial transactions, delay-sensitive
VolP applications, or multicast distributon of new value-added Rich Legacy Data Applications
streamed media-can be expedited securely over an IP network. The Vanguard Applications Ware software includes the mo
Using a wide range of IETF and RFC industry standards for IP- extensive suite of legacy serial data protocols in the indus
enabled services also ensures that Vanguard products The unique requirements of retail and financial communica
nteroperate wlth leading router and Ethernet switch solutions. network envronments-including BSC 2780/3270, SNA/S
IBM LLC2 conversin services, Tndem host, and AS/400
Frewall Support computng-are supported by the entire Vanguard product
The added security of a firewall capability, integrated within the These serial data applications also oprate efficiently with
router, will appeal to most customers seeking to prevent bandwidth-on-demand and QoS features in an IP-enabled
unauhorized access to branch office networks. Firewall-Lite is a network.
software-based firewall feature that utlizes the CPU processor
Enhanced Voice Support
in the existing VanguardMS router to enable secure Internet
The Vanguard product family provides connectivty to the
access to protected networks. The Firewall Lite Feature protects
traditional circuit switched network (PSTN) and also suppo
Layer2/Layer3 traffic by utilizing Basic IP Header Sanity Checks
voice in a pur IP or frame relay environment with quality o
and Dynamic Access Controls based on Stateful Firewall
service to ensure the proper prioritizaton and integrity of t
Technology. Firewall Lite keeps general states of a flow (new
voice traffic flow. The Vanguard routers support a wide ran
and established) and allows the access filter o dynamically
toll-quality voce compression cholees for packet switched
allow traffic of the return and/or related flow.
services. Traditional analog and digital PBX equipment as w
Virtual Prvate Networks key systems are supported on all Vanguard products. In ad
One of the key solutions provided by the Vanguard family is IP- Vanguard products can oprate as a futl-featured Voice ove
based Virtual Prvate Networks (VPNs). Its high-performance (VolP) or Voice over Frame Relay (VoFR) gateway and are H
architecture supports IP and MPLS/BGP VPNs, IPSec, and compliant, allowing standards-based interoperability with n
fthardware-based encryption for reliable and secure connectMty. generation IP voice-enabled networks. Supplementary voic
Enterprises can connect, control, and communicate data traffic calling features commonly found on PBXs and H.323 gatew
between larger office sites, intra-company remote branch sites, Call Forward, Voice Mail, Caller ID, Cali Wating, Cali Transf
and business partners, thus enabling a true e-business and Cali Hold-can be supported without requring a PBX at
environmeni. By bulding VPNs using the Vanguard family, branch. By mgrating to packet voice technologies, enterpr
enterprises can reduce their networking costs and intgrate all can reduce costs and save on long distance nter-office cha
their voice and data applications securely.
Network Management and Ease of Configuration
Secure Access wth Hardware-based Encryption Vanguard products are designed for ease of use, configura
The Vanguard family's comprehensive security suite includes and management. A variety of tools are available to help
3DES/AES/DES encryption, RADIUS and PAP/CHAP user enterprises build and load applcation images tailored to m
authentication, network authentication, and data protection their business needs. The entire family is SNMPv2 complia
features to ensure secure Communications over any IP-based can be managed under VanguardMS1 9000 OMS platform o
WAN. Enterprises that require remote branches to access the other standard management software. VanguardMS' Careg
corporate network or extranet applications can use Vanguard's managed services provide an alternative value-added
Internet Key Exchange (IKE) and X.509 digital certificates for professional service to enterprises that prefer to outsource
additional security. network operations, and include advanced QoS monitoring
reporting as well as performance audts.
Applications:
IPVPNs
The Vanguard family is an ideal choice for VPNs.
Enterprises can buld networks consistng of any
combination of shared IP, prvate 1P, or public
Internet access services with Integrated security and
VPN capabilties. Connectng largercorporate office IP/MPLS Network
Klosk
sites wih remote branch sites and busness
partners creates a true e-business environment.
Cost-effective broadband services such as xDSL,
cable, or wireless offer an alternative to frame relay
IPSc/(LEHt>Sl.
and leased line services for small office or remote
user connectivity. Integrated multicast technology Corporate Data Small Sranch
enables bandwdth-efficientdistribution and delivery Center
of new value-added streamed media applications.
Interoperability with next-generation IP and MPLS
networks-including BGP-4 VPNs and IPSec
standards-ensures non-dsruptive solutions as
requirements change over time. Figure 1: Business-grade IP-VPN solutions for secure slte-to-slte Communicatio
IBM SNA/SDLC and BSC Consolidaron

Mdium branch w/ SNA/SDLC
The Vanguard product family ensures growth IPCHtnl
capability for the evolving enterprise's IBM
environments. Vanguard products intgrate a rich IBM S/390
suite of IBM WAN application software, which
includes support for native serial legacy protocols
such as BSC 2780/3270 and SNA/SDLC aiong with
LLC2 conversin software functions. This software
enables enterprises to oprate a single WAN Channel
platforrn that supports a mixed network of iP-based

and legacy IBM terminal and host applications
smultaneously wthout compromising performance.
Vanguard's software can also elimnate the expense IBM 3745
of upgradng host software and hardware by reusing
existing equipment and associated legacy software.
Figure 2: Integrating IBM SNA, BSC, and IP-enabled applications for branch offic
networks
Voice and Data Network Convergence with

ntelligent Quality of Service Store
Converging voice and data networks, thereby

integrating multimedia traffic over the WAN, is a
proven way to reduce communication costs. Analog
and digital voice-and even video streaming
applications-can be mixed wthn the same WAN
circuit along with POS, ATM, orinventory data from
branch offices or retail stores, Utilizing the Vanguard
router's bandwidth optimization, voice compression,
data compression, and protocol spooflng, circuit
bandwidth Is efficiently utilized without expensive
upgrades. ntelligent QoS policy-based routing can
prioritze delay-sensitive voice traffic over less- Figure 3: Reducing toll charges by comblnfng voice, serial data, and Internet ac
critical applications. appllcatlons with ntelligent QoS over a single WAN circult
. Other Bridging/Routing Protocols
Appfcatons Wafe Fea^/fes
ApploTalk, IPX, Novell IPXWAN, NetBIOS
IP Routing S Protocols Source Rot Bcf^jsfr&f?'-. , ^"V:
IPv4. RIP1/RIP2, OSPF, B6P4, PVMRP, PIM-SM [IP Multlcast) Transparenl Bridgng (Spannlng tree IEEE 802-1 d)
Intar-VLAN routlng {802.1 Q] SLIP
Classlesa Inter-domaln Routing (CIDR) SoTCP
Networlc Address Translatlon (NATI Async and Sync PPP NetWork Interface
Port Address Translation (PATJ
Frame Relay ^^
Real-TIme Transport Protocol (RTP)
Frame Relay DTE wth Trafflc Falmess
Header Compressfon (RFC 2 508)
Frame Relay Switching (DCE)
IP Payload Comprensin Protocol (IPPCP)
Frame Relay Annex G (ANS T1.617)
Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP)
Framfi Relay Annex D (ANS TU 17)
OnNet Proxy (Router Standby Protocol)
Frame Relay Annex A (ITU-T O.933)
Mltiple IP Addresses per Physlcat Interface
Frame Relay RFC 1490 (IP/IPX/AppIeTalk)
DHCP Client
Local Management Interface (LMI)
Multl-Unk PPP
Support BECN, CIR, Be
PPPoE (RFC 2516)
End-to-End Delay
PPPoA (RFC 1483}
Frame Relay Auto Leam
BGP communltfes (RFC 1997 & 1998)
Frame Relay Trafflc Shaplng (FRTS)
User Authentication FRF.8 4 FRF.12
ATM
CBR,VBR-rt,VBR-nrt,UBR
Packet Voice AAL-5
Volee over IP and Frame Relay
Volee compresslon using G.723.1, G.729a, G.729b
ISDN
Umterface:ANSIT1.60I 1992 (2B1Q)
Analog Prvate Branch eXchange (PBX} and Public Swftched Telephone Network
(PSTN) connectlons S/T interface: ITU U30
H.323 v2 Volee over IP gateway LAPO; ITU O.921 CompIIant
Up lo 8 analog volee channels Integral XJ31 Support
Fax over IP and Frame Relay CL931 Dial Support
Gatekeeper interoperable Switdies (N11, 5ESS, DMS-100, ETS1, Euro Numeris)

Cali Features (Callar ID, Transfer, Hotd, Waitlng) Permanent B for Germn Monopol Support
Permanent B for Japan High Speed Digital
QoS and Bandwdth Optmjzatlon D Channel Packet
Bandwldth on Demand (BOD)
Dial 011 Demand (DOO) X.25
Unk Backup (V.25fa!s and ISDN] X.25 DTE
Data Connectlon Pratection (DCP) (X.25, Async, SOLC, XDLC) X.25 Switching (DCE)
IPTypeof Service (IP TOS) RFC 877/1356 (IP)
Priority Qiieulng X.25 Translation, CUG, NUI Support
Class Based Queulng (CBQ) X.25 on "D " Channel Support

Weighted Falf Queulng (WFO) MX.25 Mulli-drop
Welghted Random Early Dlscard (WRED)

IBM Networklng
Differentiated Services (DlffServ)
SNA/SDLC for Serial Connectfons
Packet Classiflcaton
BSC 2780, 3780,3270
Pollcy Based Routing IBM 2260
Fast Path Swltchlng for Vofce
OLLC X.25 (IBM NPS1J PoIfit-to-Point or Mult-drop (up to 64 PUs)
Multi-Unk PPP (MLPPP)
Conversin SDLC to RFC 1490
Generic Trafile Shaplng (GTS)
Conversin SDLC to LLC2
Compres sed Reaf-Tme Protocol (cRTP)
Conversin LLC2 to RFC 1490
MLPPP Unk Pragmentatlon and Inter-leaving Segmentatlon (RFC 1990 & 2686}
BSC to LLC2 Conversin
Support 802.1 P forVLANs
801 Auto-dialing for BSC 2780
Virtual LAN (VLAN) Routing _ V.2Sbis Olalng for BSC 2780
Support 802.1 Q Serial

IP Virtual Prvate Networks (VPN) _ NCR Bsync
VPN Tunneling: IPSec (IP trafflc), GRE (non-IP traHIc) Burroughs Poli Select
Support IPSeC Authenticatlon Header (AH) and IPSec Encapsulating Secudty Payload Transparent COP (TCOP)
Espi Transparent BOP (TBOP)

I PSc Encryptlon: IPSec DES (56 bit) and 3DES (168 bit) Transparent Polled Async fTPA)
Advanced Encryptton Services (AES): 192 and 256 bit key length 3201
Device Authenticatlon and Key Management: Internet Key Exchange (IKE) and T3POS
X.509v3 Digital Certifcales TNPP PAD, TNPP Routing
Flrewall Packet Filtertng Siemens HDLC
Meisage Authenticatlon through Complex Hashing Algorithms (MD5/SHA-1) Physical Unit (PU) Remapplng and Spooflng
SSH2 Server TPDU
Package Sem-Modular Modular Modular Modular Modular Chassis Chass
MemorytM.BJ ?2MB SDRAM 32MB SDRAM ..32MB SDRAM 1-32MB.SDRAM 32MB SDRAM 512MB DDRAM 512MB DD
Flash MB 8 - 16 MB 8-16MB 12 MB 12 MB 64 MB
CardSbts O 2 ........ _________ 2_________....._ 3 ....... 3 O
Optlon Card Slots O O O 0 2
Ethernet Ports (Total) 2 1 2 3 3 , 22 34
10BaseT 0 0 0 1 1 0 0
- 10/100BaseT 2 1 2 2 2 20 32
* lO/100/1000BaseT 0 0 0 0 0 2 2
Serial Ports 1 3 3 14 32 56
V.34/V.90 Ports 0 2 2 3 3 0 0
DSU Ports 0 2 2 3 3 0 0
1SDN.S/T&U) Ports 0 1 BRl 1 BRl 3 BRl 3 BRl 48 PRl 84 PR
FT1/FE1 Ports 0 1 1 3 3 48 14
T1/E1/PR' Ports 0 0 0 0 4 48 84
ATM Ports N Y Y Y Y Y Y
G.SHDSL 0 1 1 2 2 0 0
DS3/E3 0 0 0 0 0 2 2
I
Digital Volee N N N N Y Y Y
Channels (T1/E1) 0 0 0 0 48/60 192/240 336/42
Ports 0 0 0 0 2 6 14
Analog Volee Ports (Tota!) 0 6 8 12 12 0 0
FXS Ports 0 8 12 12 0 0
E&M Ports 0 4 4 6 0 0
FXO Ports 0 5 8 12 12 0 0
BRI-Volce Ports (ISDN) 0 2 2 3 3 0 0
Compression Y Y Y Y Y Y Y
Encryptlon Y Y Y Y Y Y Y
Performance (PPS) (UN toWAN)15k 15K 15K 15K 15K 250K 250K
Applications Ware Y Y Y Y Y Y Y
Physical Dmensons
- Helght (In) 2.6 2.6 2.6 1.75 1.75 17.0 17.0
Width (In) 7.7 7.7 7.7 12.5 17.5 17.3 17.3
- Depth (n) 12.3 12.3 12.3 15.5 15.5 13.4 13.4
Power (AC) 100-240 VAC 100-240 VAC 100-240 VAC 90-264 VAC 90-264 VAC 100-240 VAC 100-240 V
60/50 Hz 60/50 Hz 60/50 Hz 47-63 Hz 47-63 Hz 47-83 Hz 47-63 H
35 watts external 35 watts external 50 watts external
Power (DC) N N N Y Y -38 to -72 VDC -38 to -72
Redundant Power N N N N N Y Y
Envlronmental Specs
Operatlng Temp (F) 32 to 104 32 to 104 32 to 104 32 to 104 32 to 104 32 to 104 32 to 10
Storage Temp (P) -40 to 158 -40 to 158 -40 to 158 -40 to 158 -40 to 158 -40 to 158 -40 to 15
- Relatve Humldity 5 to 90% 5 to 90% 5 to 90% 5 to 90% 5 to 90% 5 to 90% 5 to 90%
Regulatory Compiance
Safey Certifications: UL1950 3rd Edition, CAN/CSA C22.2 No.950-95, EN60950 Amendment 11, IEC60950 2nd Edtion Amendment 4
EMC Certificaons: FCC Part 15 Class A, CISPR 22 Class A, AS/NZS 3548 Class A, EN55022: 1997 Class A, EN50082-1 (EN55024)
Telecom Certifica to ns: FCC Part 68, Industry Ganada CS-03, CTR-2, CTR-4, CTR-12, CTR-13, JATE, TS-014, TS-01, TSO-38, Gountry Specifc
(Please contact your local sales representative for more Information).
Need more nfo?

VanguardMS offers a full range of network life cycle services.
Services may differ from country to country. Contact your local VANGUARD
VanguardMS representativa fordetails, oraccess ourweb site MANAGED SOLUTION
at; www.vanguardms.com.
2005 Vanguard Managed Solutions, LLC. AI) rghts reservad. www.vanguardms.co

Prmtcdin USA. VM198 8/05 #762
Cost*-effecvej yeipoiver router solution
Multiprotocol Router
Highlghts
Provides secure exchange of Connectivity options forNorth Offers NHfP-confgurable QoS

keys wif/i Internet Key Exchange America include two V.34 modem for LAN emulation and new
(IKE)1or IPSecurrty (iPSec) adapters wfth 4 or 8 rntegrated redundancy "mecftanisms "to
moderns'per adaptef-for'analog fmproV Voor ATM Ttfwrff
Supports PPP fraffie encapsa- data transmisson speds vp to
tion wrth Point-to-Point Tunneling 33.6 Kbps Two Quad BRI adapters allow
Protocol (PPTP) or Layer 2 for- 4 ISDN BRI pars on a single
warding (L2F) Int&gratedOlALs remte LAN 2210 to reduce tho high-spead
access functions and standard tari f frates
Offers enhancements to router functions ofter a single
IPv4 -wit-h generic route policy integrated solution ISDNPfl, 25-Mbps ATM, 4- and
and IPvG 8-port WAN concentration
Branch Extender functi&n adapters-consoldate varied
mproves bandwidth usa ge enlarges APPN Jietworks to network architectures-on a
for IPv4 with Differentiated thousands x>/ nodes single router
Services (DS)for PPP-or
frame-re/ay neworfcs Load balancing and high Routing protocol support
a vailabWty-provided .by .the includes JP^ JPX, AppeTalk,
DHCP Ser ver xupport Sor LAN and proven technoogy ofeNetwork Banyan VINES, DECnet IV and
dynamic JP address assignment NefworJf Dispatcher UECnet V/OS1
provde increased support on
connections to JSPs Native JbrJdging and natiye New YPN rnanagement applica
APPH/HPft to exploit ATM tonNivays VPN Manager
VPN-ready software, ncfuding moniors security and Quality
PSeCf provde secure connec- Enablesyou to deploy software Service (QoS)
tions over the Internet and configuration updates to
at lower operating costs thousands of routers /rom your
Web browser
Enterprise Extender provides
SNA users with higher session
availability over a TCP/IP
netwfork: Superior to DLSw
Management software includes

the ndustry's frst Layer 2
Tunneling Protocol (L2TP)
support for enhanced
multiprotocol network security IBM 2210 Nways Muttprotocol
Router Model 14T
Sdtble affordable routing^solufansforrrwltiprotocol
neivofk arcltectiires
IBM's powerful, scalable routlng The higher-end modeisthe 141241; 24E

solutions and 24Mdoubie the conneciviy and
The IBM 2210 Nways Muitiprotoco performance o other 2210 modeis. They
Rouers provide network-computng can be conigured w'lh up o two LAN
solutions for a range of appfcatons. ports and four sera! WAN ports to provide
Offerng. connectvity and muliproocol connectiviy for iarge branch offices and
support to work wih everyihing from a regional iocaons. These 2210 models
small local rea network (LAN) to a large aiso inciude one open adapter slot ha
Transmission Control Protocol/lnterne supporis thefollowing adapters: 4- or
Prooco (TCP/IP)-based wide rea 8-port Da! Access Adaper, ISDN BR,
nework (WAN), the 2210 Nways Muitipro- ISDN Quad BRI (S/Tor U ineraces),
toco Routers can betailoredtoyour ISDN PRI, channeiized T1/E1/J1,25-Mbps
nelwofk-computing. needs. While offering. ATM or4- or 8-port WAN concentratidn.
ihe scalabity to grow to meet tomorrow's
networking. demands,. the 2210 can -be
configjjred to work withn the Itmts of IBM Nways Multiprotocol Routing
loday's budgetand sill provideoptimized ServicesVPN ecurity in robust
compuing across a broad range of networking software
remte focations, branch offices and !BM -Nways Muliproocol Routing
regional sites. Services (MRS) Versin 3.3 software
provides a comprehensive se-of multipro
Theentry-levei modelshe 1S4, Sa, tocol fouting and VPN functions-for he
1U4 -and 1U8are weK suied to the IBM 2210Nways Muliprotocol Router,
-demands of small-busness -networ-kng. Support for trese new -functions depends
They offer one Ethernet port for LAN on the .memory capacity of the -individual
archecures .and ether one serial WAN models. MRS maximizes he power-of
-port or one JSDN BRI .port (pr allow your exisingnework and .opens .up
concurren serial WAN wih a .single ISDN conneclivity .possibilities o keep .pace
B*D channei). with upcoming nework expansions.
Nways MRS .s preloaded on the .2210 ai
The intermedale modelsbe 12112E, the time of manufacture and inclutes a
127 and 128offer one Ethernet orToken- Configuraron Program to assist in
Rng.LAN port and two serial WAN ports deploying.the 2210 router.The Configura-
to support medurn-sized businesses and tion Program supports AIX Versin 3
arger branch offices. Some midrange Relase 2.5, AIX Windows, Microsoft?
models aiso provide a singje ISDN Windows 3.1 and 1BM OS/2.
BRI port.
72H5Q62ISDN Quad BRI 55H7489 8-port WAN Concentrator 72H5033 4-port Dial Access
Adapters availabje for the Nways 2210

Virtual prvate networks allow secure transmission over TCP/IP (IPSec) and
muliiprotocol (L2TP) nelworks
Unterprise irorhsiiitlon
inlrtmci
3. 2212 dxeu-Utity/ 2216 Ntityr

Miiltuxxxs C'Hincclor
5. Scoire ransiiwsion Umneh (IPSec, L2TJJ)
6. 2210 ihmyx AlullpailtiaJ Jituw
7. Jieiiiote/tnMle usvr
8,, Bnmch-ojpce dexki>p vser
3. Supplter/vendor deskitip iiser
IBM Nways MRS provdes security, internet Key Exchange (IKE), whch IBM envsionsthree broad appcaton
scalabiliy and avalablity. Look o IBM provdes for automatically setting up for virtual prvate network technology;
Nways MRS to handle enerprise-wide security associations and managing
: For theremote. user who needs acce
switching, dstributed routing, brfdgng cryptographic keys.This functton ensures
o he corporae intranet from remle
and LAN emulaton. Nways MRS software that the VPN policy will be conveniently
locaons, usng he Internet or anohe
s also engneered o enable the use of and accuraely mplernented throughou
TCP/IP nework
virtual prvate networks for cos- the extended network with Ifttle manual
conscous, high-performance networking configuration. Fbr branch office connecion to a cen
on pubc IP backbones. corporate intranet wthout leasing or
1 Ughtwejght Drectory Access Protoco!
hstallng dedicaed optlcal-flber, cop
(LDAP), which enables configuration and
Virtual prvate neworks can be deployed or coaxial cable
managing ,networJ< poHcies Jn a .central
as an extensin of your corporae intranet
dJrectory seryer by an .admnistrator. Horbusness parners .orsuppliers wh
across a pubic network o crate a
Additional VPN funcions Hke RSVR.1P need access to interna! corporate dat
secure connecion hrough an encryped
fiiters, IPS.e.c and DS Information .can be wfthojLit Jhebjenefitpf a rusted, .dedica
"unnef." Once bult, virtual prvate
congured fpr mltiple .deyices across ponaection
networks useTCP/P-based networks,
the network,
such as the Internet, as dedicated
In all hree applications, virtual' prvate
transmission lines, offering encryption, 1 Differentation Services (OS), whch
networks use the Internet for secure
packet-swiching, and firewail echnoio- provides expedited and assured
conneclivity and data Iranser. Encryp
giestha preven unauhorized access. forwarding Services for f ster'transmis-
fe used for packet transmission, and h
The VPN funcions have been enhanced sion for !Pv4 packes over PPP or
use frewali echnoiogies to prevent
to include: frame-rday'lnks.
unauthorzed access, Most mportanti
Point-to-PointTunneiing Protocol (PPTP), based on research conducted by
which carnes PPP trafile across an IP Infonetics Research, Inc., virtual prvat
network to support VPNs. networks can reduce WAN networkin
costs by as much as 20 o 47% and
remote access networking costs by a
much as 60 o 80%.
4-H9.1QQ-25-Mbps ATM 72H5034 8-port Dial Access

Hardware and software "for Branch Extender for Remte Access'functon
dependabie routing solutions APPN/SNA growth The V34 ASYNC inerface and DIALs
When eqdpped wiih one of the many IBM Branch Extender technology, a function requires an update o the boo
avalable ISDN adapters, the 2210 Nways component of Nways MRS, enables a code on the PROM for 221012x models
Multiprotocol .Rouer .and .Nways .MRS -are -single .Advanced Peer-o-Peer .Nework- .and x4x-/node!s-ha were.manufacturad
dependabie ISDN solutlons.The Quad ing (APPN) SNA network to scale up prior to December 1996.The BOOTROM
BRl adapter offers increased bandwidth to thousands of branch locations. With versin must be 1.50 or 1.60 for the
and provides backup capabiity without Branch Extender, the 2210 can service 12x modes and Versin 2.20 for the
requiring more expensive Primary Rate many branch locations and elimnate the x4x models prior to using he VS4
]SDN (PRl) service.Wrfh he Point-to-Pornt need fbrmore network nodes. This Tnterace and he Dal-in or Dial-out
Protocormultilink toolsuppfied with the reduces overall topology and routng functions of DIALs function. During the
2210bandwidth can be increased traffic and irnproves bandwidth use. loading of he MRS code, if he PROM i
dynamically by groupng the B-channe!s. not ai the correct level, the V34 suppor
And for even greaterbandwdh-adir'inis- The 2210 broadens its Jnernet capabily and DALs /uocons-are dsabled,
traton. rely on BMs award-winning with the APPN/HPR Enterprise Extender The V2.20 PROM upgrade for the x4x
Bandwidth Reservation System (BRSj to function and TN3270E server for branch models can be obtained from he IBM
manage traffic priority over Frame Relay, office networks enhancng the already 2210 Home Page n the downioad rea.
PPP and dial connections. strong SNA supportenabledby tire'
DLSw protocoi.The 2210 "is capable of
spporting additional protocols such as Erthanced for ATM networking
Network Dispatcher for SDLC and BSC, which nable the 2210 The 2210suppors ATM-and TCP/IP-
scatabte servers to replace the 2218 in the FRAD based networks seamlessly and can
The 2210 Mvays MultiproocoJ -foue^s envronmenL .even -bridge over ATM .lolP.andJPX
Network Dispatcherfeatures allow system protocols. Spporting 25-Mbps ATM data
administraors to build and manage transmission rates, the 2210 can also
scalable Web servers. Network Ds- DIALsfor LAN emulation provide a LAN Emulation Client to assst
patcher provides load balancing and hgh For even greater flexibility in network in migration to ATM technology, thereby
avaifabffity to users n envronments wrh access, he fBM Dial-In Accessto LANs lowenhg network management costs,
moipe servers, high traffic volume and (DIALs) feature aJIows remote users to dial
many clients. Superior to Domain ame nto a LAN and access resources, AddirJonal ATM enhancements offerd
Servers1 round-robin queung, it enables ernulating a local attachment. DIALs also by the 2210 include high-speed ATM
larga nurribers .of-individual servers o be .aJiows LAN-aached-users to dial.out.to .applcaon .integration, -configuraba
fhRed1 nto large, virtual-server ciusters a WAN.The 2210 provides a rich DIALs Quafity of Service (QoS for ATM LAN
for efficient management Network remote server function that allows the emulation, and supportfor Next Hop
Dspatcheris a separateiy charged 2210 to be used n a network that Resolution Protocol (NHRP) to estabf^h:
program and requires a use-authorization supports remote users diaing in or even shortcut routes and new netwonV
cense for each servero be suppored. loca users dang out o remte asyn- redundancy.
ch"rt5nous servers. This functon is offered
by he 2210 to broaden its compatibility The 2210 aiso supports Classical IPand
wth other IBM networking hardware relability mechanisrrts for IP over ATM
leaturing DIALs -SUpportF.uiure DIALs .neworks,.Natve-SNA.i/affic/oJ/ng wth
Servers''clenfs will be fully supported. High Performance Routng (HPR) maps
ancf HF service class to ATM's guaran-
teed bandwidth servces, reaf-tnTe
transport, and multicasting ability asa
Remte dial access fbrmoble users serve to position the 2210 as a flexible
ATM soluton.
1. DALi ciii-nts
2. 2220 rt'iiujs ulcIfM,jiuo Ro

TCP/IP network-ready 1 Te Sierprie Sctendr fnctiOn, wftri 1 APPN Network Node support o provi
The 2210 Nways Multprotocol Rouer was Class of Service (CoS) and SNA prioriy rouing and drecory servces o She
efsgned fo take ad vantage of the latest capabties provides better servce evete Tbken-Rng and SDtC-attached node
enhancemens and standards offered by than DLSw to SNA users running over an
he Internet Engtneering Task Forc IP backbone. APPN ISR to provide the forwardirig of
(IETF). Enhancements o each protocoS session data to the next node along
ar)d Jiok ype Jmprpye securjty .adrrjhistra- IETF Layer 2Tunne!in} Protocol (L2TPJ hepah.
tfbn* refiabilfty, and network effciency standan support enaMes the tunneng of
Among the 2210% nnovative features are mufprooco PPP traffic across ntranets, 1 !P enhancements such as Dynamc H
increased X.25 scalability, X.25 Closed extrais or the Internet Configuraton Protocol (DHCP1 serve
User Group facilites, and X.25 foca! provide IP address and other configur
support overTCP/iP.The 2210 also Layer 2Fbrwardng (Lf} protocol, strrtaar fion nformaon to LAN-alached DHC
previeres' he obwing benefits: to L2TP and PPF? carnes privately cliente. Dynamic IP retrieves a publc I
addressed i? IPX and AppleTalk da)- address from an SP for use on the PP
* Broadened remote concentrator to
up va PPP across he internet inerfacs,
encompass a fut compiement o tnik
ypes (Frame Reiay SVQPVC, PP?SDl, - !Pv6 enhancements ndude new fi
1 BAN supportto enabie end statons
SDLC rela\ V25bis, X.25 and V34) for the dynamic reconiguraion for IPv6
altached to the 2210 to rnake a direct
WAN ports on the systern card and 4-port configurable interfaces and relay ag
connecton through Frame Reay toa
WAN CPCI adapters. to provide DHCP server nformation
front-end controller such as the IBM 374
Comrnuncaton Corrtrofler or fre IS across the subnes.
* IP routing incJudes CM?TCUD?R?
OSPFV2, BGP-4, stac routes, Multicast 3746 Nways Multprotocol Controller. - !Pv4 is enhanced to include he gen
Extensionsto OSPFMOSPF), AfR Asimilar, direct connecton can aiso be IP route polcy. Ths controls whch
InARR IP Access Controls and IP estabtished between the 2210 and an routes are nciuded and excluded
Versin 6 supporL JBM AS/400 sysem.
f Performancefrnprovementsnckide th
hPR to provide high-speed, native SNA 5'&-way smutaneous scheduling an
* Advanced SNA supportwith APPN
transportwth nondisruptive routng SO3 fijH-duplex statons.
Network Node (>1N)V APPN Intermedate
Sesson Rouing (ISR), HPR, Dependent around failed connecions, and adpive
rate-based congestin con'oi- Atte: HPfl, DLUf, APPN SR, APPN
LU Requester (OUJR), Versin 2-compi-
Nstwork Node, Enterprise Extender,
ant Dala Link Switching (DLSw) including
OUJR to enabie 327Q traffic to utize HPR TN3720Eand Network Dispatchersre
NetBIOS support,, Branch Extender,.
and APPN transoorts,. avalable on Models ISxand 1Ux, Cer
Boundary Access Node (8AN)tand LAN.
Network Manager. imitations appyto the individual mod'
basedon memory requremenis.
* TN3270E server support enables 1P
access to SNA host applicaticos.
DistributedT'3270 servers across an f
sobajea, or APPN network provide;
- Better availability by eminatng a single WAN ISDN concenimtion for remote offices
poin of failure with a centraf gate_wsv
- Scalabity wth ncremental capacity

-L 2210 Model l&l
per 2210 site instead of a large, central-
sie, server gateway 2. 22OtW 1U-1
3, 2270 Mxicl J2E or 12Tfor MiY or
4. 2210 Modet 14T or 24x wh ISBY/K

tifiuper or chatuteKzed Ti/El
-B. Carpanle ztuilzprooooJ netumei
6. S2J(jJor for{*e conccntrotwn nocd?

Standards-based nteroperabiltty Remote instaliationquickly Patent-pendfng,, IBM-exciusive VPM
Nways MRS is based on open ndustry and easly Manager tests simlate the effect of rafic
standards, vendor specicaions, and Extending he corpotate network to sroa, agaTst router podes and measure
protoGof mplementations that conform remote offices usually means that skilted response time for Layer 2 sessions.
o current internet Engineering Task Forc echnica! personnei -ata central locaton The VPN Manager supports he 2210,
(1ETF) RFC levis. IBM particpales in must install routers at distant iocaons 2212,2216,and Network Uftyandfs
ndustry Iriifiafives such as the IETF, ATM that lack skilled resources.The 2210 is supported on Windows NT AIX, and
rbrurru SEE, APPN tmpiementers desgned to meet that challenge. HP^Xbegnntng n the previewed Nway
Wbrftsnop (AIW), and the Network Manager Vfersion 2.
interoperatalty AIHance.The protocol The EasyStart funcon means the remote
implementations in Nways MRS provide 22CT can be pugaed1 n at' rernfe
a fufl set of features to ensure network tocaton and i'wSi ftTd s corfftgurôn on so twarc atftd ccofigtara-
refability, security and interopefability. a network server that s typicaHy located tion updatos to thoutao>ds of
ata central site. routers from your Web brover
The BM Nways Deplbyment vanageT
Invest today, grow tomorrow All 2210 models also contain a servce automatically retrieves configuraton and
if modefe ofthe BM 2210 Nways port supporting asynchronous commun- code mages of 22Kte throughout your
&bffjproocoi Router are shpped cation for configuration arid maintenance. network, seamfessly downloads no-
preloadd witri IBM Nways MRS lcensed Ail models support the ndustr/s open charge 2210 software upgraces from he
software. These software tools offerthe network manaoement standard,, SNMfi IBM customer neLworkt and" rfepfo^ rrr
fiex&Htty o accommodae future networfc- Management of he system can be new code o nousands o roers;
ng requirements and the hardware accompfehed ustng SNMP managers, Query-based frftenng and custom views
provdes- an open aoapter sot for growing support higWy ocused deployment,
architectures (avaiiable In the high-end Management applcaton support fe An approvaTand'commtment procesa
2210 models), provided by many of IBIvfs management controfs depfoyment and; safefluards the
pugpfams; ihcidihg te Nways Siter^se network from erronTheversormTgleature
ryo are consoerng he increased use Manager and the Campus Manager LAN mantans muttpe configuiation and cod
of dial services for backup and for remte for A1X producs. You can also use 1SM images foreach single rauter.5cheduing
offices with onfy occasional network Nways Workgraup Manager for Windows supports any time upgradng; ee' Jav-a.
ccess, you can use he (SON Bf and NT* for smaer neworks. foundaton supporte depoymen from
FR adapters. Une 4- and S-por t WAN your Web browser.The Nways Depoy-
concentraton adapters provde potenti'af ment Manager supports depoyrnent to
cost savngs when mltiple physcal links Manage VPN security and Quality as many as two tousand 22ldst oeojh-
can be consoldated into a single, high- of Service with the new Nways nins w'rth MRS Versin 2.. ft fs supported
on Windows NT and AfX^beghnfrrg fn the
wiurfifer he security and Ouaity of previewed Nways Manager Wrson 2.
5ervce ofyour wtual prvate networH'
ustng. he previewed IBM Nways VPN
Manager. The VPN Manager mcrsors
secury over fPSec unnels and Layer 2
sessons.The VPN Manager also monitors
Quality of Service for ReSerVattbn
Protocoi (RSVP) and the Oifferentiafed
Services (Diffserv}TOSbyte.
IBM 22 tO Nways Mutiprotocol ftouter mod/s ata glaes
Part No. o ISDM Basfe/ Pretoaded

Modef Homifcr LAH BR1 DRAM
1S4- 85H7796 IBhemet 1 >fes .2/4 MB iP-hlPXi-lSON
1S8- 85H7797 1 Ethernet 1 Yes 4/8 MB
1U* 8SH7794 lEthemet 1 Yes 2/4 MB iP+fPX+ISDN
1US- 85H7795 lahemel 1 Vs 4/8 M8 IP-f-IPX+DLSw+ISD
12T 86H1758 1 Token Ring 2 No 4/8 MB IP+IPX+DtSw
12E 86H17S9 lEthemet 2 No 4/8 MB IP+IPX+DLSw
127 86H1760 1 Token Ring 2 Ks 4/8 MB iP+iPX+DLSw--lSD
128 86H1761 1 Ethernet 2 Yes 4/8 MB iP-riPX+DLSw+SD
KT 86HT778 1 Token Ring. 4 Oglibnal 4/16MB IP+IPX+DLSw
24T- 85H1779 2Token Ring 4 Optiona! 4/16 MB IP-hlPX+DLSw
24E* 86H1780 2EthemeL 4 Optional 4/16 MB IP+IPX+DLS
24M~ 86HT781 1 Token RTng& 4 Opffonal 4/1SMB IP+IPX+DLSw

1 Ethernet
Notes; '* The standard WAN ports and the WAN concentrator ports on the 2210 support any of these priyscal interfaces;
HA 232-D/V24/V.28, V35, V36/B A 449, and X.21. Serial nterface da! support nclud es V.25bis and V34. Data fink
confrofe ncide syndironous PPPsX25t ame Reay and SOLCtraffici
*' FreFoaded software can be replaced without addiona! cos and js rnade available through Internet downioads.
c Fbrmodds1S4,138,1U4and 1U8.you can now configureheseriaJ WAN port and asnpje B-t-D channdôf t/ie-ISDN BF?
port concurrently Wodels 1U4 and 1U8 nclude a fully ntegrated NT1. ncorporating the'L/riffece.
JSDN BRI-S/T 3101 41H7Q89
ISON Quad 3104
T1/JTSDNPR 3107 41H7150
85H7782
E1120-OhmlSDNPRI 3108 55H7S08
4-PortWAN Concentrator 3120 41H9106
S^PortWAN Concen&aor 3121 55H7489
4-Port Daf Access Adpter 3714 72H5033
8-Port Da/ Access Adpter 3718 72H5034
4-Port Dial Access Upgrade 3704 72H5035
25-Mbps ATM 3901 41H910
Feattxre CocSe
Ssrvice Kit* 2532 04H8169
Note: * Service kit contans ail the necessary "wrap'plugs orthe LAN, seal and sence ports.AlthoughnotmandatorY,customersmaYorder the
localions destred.
221O Nways MultprotocofRoufer memory afa o
fifeesnory
Models r4T,24i;24E, and24M

16-MB SIMM DRAM (ffeid upgadeV 4016 4IH707S
32-MB SIMM DRAM {field upgrade) 4032 41H7123
4-MBRash StWM (field upgrade} 4104 41H7077
S-fvlEFlash SlMM(field upgrade) 4108 55H9399
Afocfe/s 12TJ2E, 127tand 128

B-MB SIMM DRAM (fidd upgrade)* 4048 25H4974
16-MB SMMRAM (ifefd upgrade} 4057 42H267
Aoe: *Availabte forunits ordetedpriortoJuly29,1997only.
*WwûipteCO,OKtercaWaas*,00e
Description Feature Code Part Number
CC1TTX21 Serial Interface Cabfe 2211 SQG39&S
senrX21 Direct-Attach Cable 2212 10H5591
BA 232/CCITT V24 Seria! Inerface Cable 2321 55H7755.
aA232/CCITTV.24 Direct-Attach Cable 2322 60G39S
V35 Serla! Interface Cable 2351 60G3902
V.35 Serial Orect-Atlach -Cable 2352 60G39Q3;.
V36 Serial nterface Cable 2361 60G3904
Icto-Rng STP Cabie 2665 6339098
RJ-45 Cable (.Token-ing, Elherneland ISDN). 239-1- 41H9082
RJ-48T1/SDNPRI Cable 2314 85H3509
IBM 221O Nways Multiprotocot Routor software at a gtancs
Oescnotm TypeJumber Feature Code Part tumber

ARSV3.3 (1U4/8, IS4/8) Base 5801-AAR 5302 41L0876
MRSV33C12X) 5801-AAR 5315 41LOS??
wfiS V33 (X4X) 5801-AA 5316 41L087B
MRS V35 Networ Djspatcber (x4x) 5801-AAR 5329 41L0879
MRNS/MRSiCAorMRSV2to MRSV3 lo 5803-AAR 2324 41L08SQ

MRSV3.3 Upgrade
IBM 221O Nways Multprotocol Routirafa gfancs
-.- t2x
Wtdth 27a4mm(11a} 440 mm (1732 a) 440 mm (1732 a)
Depth 133mm(5.24in.) 254mm(10in.) 3Q5-mm(12iT.)
Hight 41.4 mm (1.63 n.) 43.7 mm (172 h.) 874 mm (3.44 fn.)
Waight 1-24kgi2.73.lb) 3_2.}<s (7Jb)
Serial nterfaces ElA232-DA24A28i;V35tV36/BA449tand )C21

Noe; Da/ suppoftpfwkied vsing V25bfe and V34,
LAN nter faces Ethernet IEEE 8025 at10 Mbps

Comectons: AL and 10BAS&T(pJ-5)
"fffcen-Ffihg: IEEE 8025 at 4 or 16 Mbps
Connections: 9-pIn D-conneciorand RJ-45
Memory features 8-MB additotial flash memofy

16-MB DRAM expansor
^-MB:DRAM expansin
: Flash memory can be increased K>8orl2 MB. Expand DRAM byselectng a DRAM menToryfeatunz to replace (he instated DRAM.
Adapter features 25-Mbps ATM nterfc^

ISDN BRI-S/T
ISDN Quad BRl-S/T
ISDN Quad BRI-U
E1120-Ohm ISDN PR
T3/J3JSDWPB
-portWAN concentratibn
S-portWAN concentraton
4-port Dial Access Adaper
8-port Daf Access Acfepbi-
Note: TJie Adaptes EhabtenierXF&tLfs a pr&EqL^forlns^ 199Z.
have adapfers nsalled.
Elctrica! requtrements Automatcaifysensesnevdtagevwhnanlnputfangeof HOto240Vaca50o60H2(US.po

cord induded wth every 2210 model)
Operatng enviroamerai Temperature: 10 D 40^0 (50" to-f04aF)

Helatve humidity: 8% D 80%
Maxinuin wet-bub emperaure: 27C SOT)'
Power consumpffon:
19 watts .(Modas 1Sxand'1 CJit)
35 watts (a!l other modeis)
Heat output 8.8 kcal/hr{35 BTU/hf\fbr Models 1Sx and 1 Ux

285 kcal/hr (113 BTU/hr] without Adapter EnaWement Peature (aH other modeb)
345 f<es!/hr (137 BTU/hr) w'ttii AdaperEnabemeo Feaure (
221O cerUHcatons Saeiycefliica/ons:a^60S50lUL1950,CSA95a

Bectromagnetc compance certigcajrx
FCCCIassAUSA)
VCCCIassAfJapari)
tCE&OOS Class A (Canad)
European Community Markpf Communi^ (CE Mark),for Class B.CJSPR 22/European
Standard EN 55022
Noe; The 2210 Sxand 1 Uxmodete comply with FCC Class B (U.S.A.) and CES-003 Class B (Canad)
V/arranty One year
Installation A3( models can be placed ona/Jasurface,.andaJlmodesexcep1Sxand1Lbccan-

n aracknsde a teecommuncab'ons cfossL
ISO 9OOO The IBM2210 Nways Mdlprotocol Routerwas devdoped andsmanufacLEned by IBM undera
regsered ISO 9000 quajity management system.
fBM 221O Nways Mutproocof Router al a alance confnas^
The W 2210 :M<ft^fyipro^
assficjated documentaton and is cambie of conrectiy processJng, providng and recevng data
wihn and between the20h and 21 stcentries,prQV)ded a)l olher hardware,, software,' ri/o-
frmware used wth the product prapery exchange accurate daa wtf L
Software
fteuting pratDGols
TCpy!P{}Pv4and!PvS)
BanyanVtNES
- DSChetlV
OECnetV/oa
SN&
APPNNN
- APPN !SR
HPR
DLUR
DLSw (RFC 1795 and 2166) inciuding NetBIOS supportSDLCprimary and secondary
5QLC Muitipte SNAPU support
BViV and Boundary Network hkxie (BHN)
LAN Network ManagerfLNM)
Extended BorderNd^
Brdging
Source-route brdgng (SRS)
Transparentbridging(TB)
Source-route transparentbndgng
SRB-TBtranslationalMdgng
IP bridgng hjnnel
ATM
ATMFbrumUNiS.I
ATM Fonjm Jnterim Local Management Interface (ILMf)
Permahentvraf cfrclit{PVC) ands^ched vrUaJcJrct(SVCJ
RFC 1483 Encapsulaton overATM for IP {dassic P-eFC7577) and IPX
LAN Emulation Client support to anable sxsting Ethemet.andlbken-fng
LANapfcafionstouseATMservTces
HPR
Swifched networts
"/25bs (PPP)
ISDN BB1 and PRi (PPP or ame Reiay)
Dial on demand
V34 for remote LAN access
WAN data linkcontros
ame ReJay (RFG 1490) Inciuding BAN support
L2Fprotocc
X25Tncludng. QLLC and X.25 DTETransport(XTP) forX^S over aTCP/]P networ
SDLC
--esc
IBM 221O Nways Muttprotocol Routeral a glance contfaoss
Software
Virtual Prvate Networfng
-ipse&jity
* AAASecuriy
* SPSupport
* Dfferentiaed Services-
* DynamcPAddfessassignment
Bandwdh ftes&vafcm Sysem
f DaT-on-Demand
* Dial Backup {WAN Restora!/WAN Reroute)
Interactive Netwof Dispaichef
.EasySiart
Enierprise Extender
TN3270EServer
B&nch Extender
Da!-Jn/Dial-QtAccess forLANs (DJALs) remte LAN acc&ss
- Secura -JO
* NetworkAddress1ranslation(?vAT)
* lP.AddrassPoalIng
Publica tons BM2210 N\vays MfpnDiDcol ftouier Jnroduction and anning Gude,
GA27-40QB
IBM 2210 Nways instaliation and Initial Confguration Gude, GC30-3867
Nways -Multtprotocol Access Services; -Software User's-Gufcfei-SCSQ-See
Nways MultipTOtocoi Access Services: Using and Configurng Feaiures,
Mbnitorihg Reference Voi. 1, SC30-3680

J'vays MuWpnXoctAccoss. Services: Prolocl Conffguratlon and
Monitorng eference Vol. 2t SC30^3SS
- Nways: &/ent Logging Sysi&n Messages Buide, SC30-3683
Nways Muttiprotocol and Access Services Producs, GG3Q-3S30

J8M221O Nwtys MuiSprotoco fiouter Service and Maintenance
Manua,SY27-0345
- Vofume , SG24-4446
1BM 221O Nways MdtipKXocol Houterand IBM 2216 Nways Mttiaccess
Connector Descption and ConSguraSon Scenanos - Vb/ume //, SG24-495cf
AompfahetveGiJJd3toVfciiJ^Pjjm&Jt3lwc^,VQlij^
ftouterSoJu&ons, SG24-5234
3746, 2210. 22-I6, and 2220 Interconnectiviiy: Frame Relay and Relaed
ftttctbns, SG24-24S
/220orod.htm
For more inf ormation
To find out more about the IBM 2210
Nways Multprotoco Routerand other
high-performanee IBM cornmunicaions
and networking producs, contactyour
BM representative or cali IBM Direct at
1800 IBM-CALL (1600 426-2255). Intematonal Business Machines Corporation 1999
You can also access Ihe IBM 2210
JBM Corporation
Home Page at Department T^fCA
www. ibm. com/networking/220/ PO Box12l95
RTPNC 27709
Prined Jo Jhe IJnited Staes. o America
3-99
A!! Rights Reservad
References jn hs publication to IBM producs or

sen/ices do no mply Ua IBM intends to make tem
avaHafalein .aH counes In wiich }&rf operaea.
IBM, AdvaJiced Peer-to-Peer Networking, A1X,

AlXwndows, APPN, AS/400, fJways and OS/2 are
tradernarks of International Business Machines
-Corporation,
Microsoft. Windows. Windows NT and the Windows
-logo are iademarKa-of Microsoft Corporationin 4he
United States and/brather countries.
Ofner companjc preduct andserwcejiajies maybe

tfademarks orservice martts of otbers.
Prinled on recyced' paper
For Pos t ion Only |
G325-3435-O8
p
scom
DATA SHEET
BConrf SuperStack 8 3 Firewa1

Mission-critical Securty Bandwidth Management and Control
Offers the most advanced stateful Givcs admiuistrators highly flexible
packet inspection security. Supports baudwidth managemeut control so
the option of dual security zones they can prioritize which outbound
ideal for organizations such as schools applications, such as voice, take
where fculty and student networks precedeuce over non-mission critical
need independent protection from trafile. Comprehensive web fltenng
each other, wMle safeguarding aganst capabilities offer an additional degree
Internet threats. of bandwidth control. They ensure
that the web is used only for business-
High availability is ncluded as stan- related actvities and provide an
dard, allowing the deployment of a effective method of enforcng accept-
secondary resiilent frewall that able web usage poh'cies.
assumes control should the primary
frewall MI. Flexible Management and Reporting
Delivers secure remote browser-based
High-Performance Integrated IPSecVPN mauagement, using HTTPS/SSL tech-
Provides enterprise-class VPN support, nology that is compatible with most
enabling secure connectivity betweeu web browsers. Comprehensive logging
offices and remote workers. Hardware and e-mail alerts effectvely monitor
accelerated encryptou delivers superior network security and thwarted hacker
IPSec VPN performance. attempts. 3Com* Network Supervisor
L2TP/IPSec offers cornpabity with managementpowerful yet easy-to-
the standard VPN client suppled on usemaps and monitors the network,
Microsoft Windows 2000/XP operating quickly alertng adrninistrators to
systems, elminating the need to install emergiug problems.
additonal software. An unlimited Ease of Use
SafeNet SoftPK v5.x VPN client Dramatcally reduces security risks
liceuse is inchided for supporting by providing a Comprehensive setup
older Windows operating systems, wizard to help prcvent misconfgura-
further reducing the need for addi- tiou. Rapd VPN setup can crate tun-
tonal software purchases. nels with just a few mouse clicks.
The 3Com SuperStack" 3 Firewall safe- branch offices. With the optoual
guards enterprise networks against SuperStack 3 Web Site Pilter, it iucreases
threats from the Internet, and boasts business productivity, reduces legal
a Comprehensive, high-performance and privacy risks, and lowers admin-
IPSec VPN capability for securely istratve overhead by automatcally
connectiug remote workers and enforcing acceptable use policies.
3COM* SUPERSTACK* 3 FIREWALL DATA SHEET
The 3Com SuperStack 3 Web Site Hlter automatic updates to eusure proper
3Com SuperStack 3 integrates wlth the SuperStack 3 enforcement of access restrictions ou
Firewall Web Site Firewall to provide a flexible tool for new and relocated websites.
comprehensive filteng based on key-
Filter word, time of day, and trusted and for- By customizing the conten filter list,
bidden domain desgnations. organizations can block uearly 100% of
objectionable material, iucluding most
The filter service, available to an unlim- automatically dowuloaded file types
ited number of users, includes weekly such as cookies. Java, and ActiveX,
Interfaces Power Reliabiltty

Specifications ThreeR.1-45 10/100 BASO-T
Ethernet/Fast Ethernet (WAN,
Input voltage: 90-264 VAC MTBP (MIL): 446,000 hours at
25 C/289,000 hours at 50 C
LAN, and DMZj ports with auto- Opcratng frcquency: 47-63 Hz
ncgotiaied speed and dplex 3Com Advanced Redtmdaut
raodc Envronmental
powersupply connector: Typc I Opcratng temperatura: O" to
All ports are Uplink/Normal +50 C
sclcctablc Protocol Support Storage tempera tur e: -10 to
TCP/IP, UDP, ICMP, DHCH NAT, +70-C
Performance PPPoE, HTTP, RADIUS,
Unlmitcd frewall users SecureID, AKP, MD5, Huinidity: 10 to 95% (noncon-
1K8/ISAKMP, IEEE 8023, ISO dcnsing)
190 Mbps fircwall throughput 8802-3; IPScc ARC4. DES, 3DES
30,000 concurrcutTCP/UDP Standards Complance
scssioiis Management Safety: UL 1950, EN 60950, CSA
Embedded Web GUI iiuerfccc 22.2 No. 950. IEC 950
1,000 concurrcnt branch VPN
(plain text or HTTP/SSL encryp-
mimis tion) EN55022 Class A, EN 50082-1,
FCCPart IS.SubpartB, JCES-
45 Mbps VPN DES and 3DES Bandwidth sbaping by polcy 003 Class A. VCCI Class A.
encryption {protocol/applicai, IP EN55024. CNS 13438 Class A
21 Mbps VPN ARC4 encryption addrcss, time ofday)
Functonal: 1SO/1EC B802-3,
3Coin Network Supervisor IEEE 802.3, IPSec. IKE, PPPoE,
System L2TP/IPSec, 56-btDESand
Event logging: e-mal, SNMP vi, ARC-I, 168-bit3DES, TCP/IP v4,
Dcdcatcd rcal-iime operating Syslog scrver
system UDP, HTTP, HTTPS, SSLvI &2,
Wcbsitc, clicnt, and category fil- SNMP vi, FTP, DHCP
233 MHzStrongARM RISC CPU tcring
VPN crypto accclerator co- Automated firmvvareupdate Dimensons and Weght
processor notifcarion Heghn IRU, 44 mm (1.7 la]
Real time dock with lithiuin-on WebTrends Firewall Suite com- Width: 440 mm (173 in)
battery patibilit}' Depth: 230 mm (9.0 in)
16MBRAM N2H2 and Webscnse Enterprise Weiglit: 2.55 kg (5.6 Ib)
1 MB FJasb ROM filtcring compatibility
Optional Accessories
Ordering 3Com SuperStack 3 Firewall
Shps with 56-bit encryplon, upgradeable to 168-bit 3Com SuperStack 3 Advanced Redundant
Information enoyplton where imporl/export laws permlt. For more
information on country restrictions go to
Power System Chassis
3Com SuperStackS Advanced Redundant
3C16071B
http://www3com.com/firewall^lobal
3CR16110-95 Power System "lype 1 60W Power Supply Module
3C16072
3Com SuperStack3 firewall Web Site Filter
Annual subsoiptiorvbased conlent fillering service offeng
12 conlent categories \vilh \veekJyautomated updates.
3C16111
3Com Cofporatioo, Corporate Headquartets, 350 Campus Drwe, Mailbcxough, MA 01752-3064

To learn more about 3Com Solutions, visit www3com.com. 3Com Corporation s publldy traded on Nasdaq und Ihe
symbol COMS.
scom Possible made practicar

Copyright O 2002 3Com Corporaon, All rights rescrvcd. 3Com, the 3Com logo, and SuprSUdc are regfsicrcd
tradcmars of 3Cora Corporaton. Possible madc practica! is a tradcraark of 3Cora Corporaton. All other company and
product ames may bctradclnarlcsoftbclr respective companics. While every cffort Is madc to ensure the informtica
glvcn Is accuratc, 3Cora docs not acccpt lability for any crrois or mistakcs whicb may arisc. SpcdCcalions subject lo
change without iioricc. -I00607-O08 08/03
Cisco SYSTEMS
DATASHEET
CISCO PIX 51E SECURITY APPLIANCE
The Cisco PX 515E Security Appliance delivers a wealth of advanced security and networking sen/ices for small-to-
medium business and enterprise networks, n a modular, purpose-bult appliance. Its versatile one-rack unt (1RU) design
supports up to sbc 10/100 Fast Ethernet nterfaces, makng t an excellent cholee for businesses requiring a cost-effective
resilient secunty soluton with DMZ support.
Part ofthemarket-leading Cisco PIX Security Appliance Series, the Cisco PIX 515E Security Appliance pro vides robust user and application
policy enforcement, multi-vector attack protection, and secure connectivity services through a wde range of rich security and net\vorking servic
ncluding:
Advanced Appli catin-A>v are Firewall Services

Market-Leading Yoice-Ovcr-lP and Multimedia Security
Robust Site-to-Site and Remte Access TJPSec VPN Connectivity
A\vard-\Vinning Resillen cy
Intelligent Networking Services
Flexible Management Solutions
Figure 1. Cisco PIX 515E Security Appliance
ADVANCED FIREWALL SERVICES DELIVER STRONG BUSINESS PROTECTON AND RICH APPLICATION CONTROL
Robust Stateful Inspection and Application Layer Security

Cisco PIX Security Appliances intgrate a broad rauge of advanced firewall services to protect businesses rom the constant barrage of threats o
Internet and in many business network environments. As a secure foundation, Cisco PIX Security Appliances provide rich statefill inspection fr
services, rackng the state of all network Communications and preventing unauthorized network access. Building upon those services, Cisco PIX
Security Appliances delver strong application layer security through 30 intelllgent, application-aware inspection engines that examine network
at Layers 4-7. To defend networks rom application layer attacks and to give businesses more control over applicatons and protocols used in th
environment, thcse inspection cngines incorprate extensive application and protocol knowledge and employ security enforcement technologies
include protocol anomaly detecton, application and protocol state tracking, Network Address Translation (NATJ sewces, and attack detection a
mitigation techniques such as application/protocol command flltering, conten verifcaton, and URL deobfuscation. These inspection engnes al
gve businesses control over instant messaging, peer-to-peer le sharing, and tunneling applications, enablng businesses to enforce usage polc
and protect network bandwdth for legitmate business applications.
All contens are Copyright 1992-2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Important Noices and Privacy Statement.
Page 1 of 15
Multi-Vector Attack Protection
Cisco PIX Security Appliances incorprale mult-vector altack protection sewices to further deferid businesscs from many popular forms of atta
including denial-of-servce (DoS) attacks, fragmened attacks, replay attacks, and raalformed packet attacks. Usng a wealth of advanced attack
protcction features, including TCP stream reassembly, raffic normalizaton, DNSGuard, FloodGuard, FragGuard, MallGuard, IPVcrify, and TC
infrcept, Cisco PIX Security Appliances idtify and stop Svde rnge of tfcks, and cari provde ral-timc alrfs lo dmimsrtors.
Flexible Access Control and Powerful Flow-Based Polices

Administrators can aiso easily crate cusom securitypolces usng the flexible access control technologies provded by Cisco PJX Security
Appliances, including network and service object groups, user and group-based polices,- and more than 100 predefned applications and protoc
Using he powerful Modular Policy Framework ntroduccd in Cisco PTX Security Appliance Software v7.0, administrators can define granular
based and class map-based policies, whch apply a set of customizable security services, such as inspcction engine poldes, Quality of Service
(QoS) paleles, connection traers, and more, to each adcninstrator-specified traffic flow/class. By combinng these flexible access control and p
flow/class security services, the powerful stateful nspection and applcaton-aware frewall servces, and the multi-vector attack protection serv
that Csco PIX Security Appliances deliver, busnesses can enforce comprehensve security polices to protect themselves from attack.
MARKET-LEADING VOIP SECURITY SERVICES PROTECT NEXT-GENERATION CONVERGED NETWORKS

Csco PIX Security Appliances provde market-leading protection for a wide range of voice-over-IP (VoTP) other multimedia standards. This al
businesses to securely take advantage of he many benefits that converged data, voice, and vdeo networks provde, including iraproved product
lower opcratonal costs, and incrcascd compctitve advantage. By combining VPN and Quality of Service (QoS) with he advanced protocol
i'spcctid services liat Cisco PIX Scrity Appliances prbvid br tli's converged ntworkg stdrds, b'sifi'ss's cari securely exd vbice
and multimedia services and the benefits they deUver to remote offices, home offices, and mobile users.
ROBUST 1PSEC VPN SERVICES COST EFFECTIVEUY CONNECT NETWORKS AND MOBILE USERS
Using th.e new full-featured VPN capablities of the Cisco PIX 515E Security Appliance., businesses can securely counect networks and mobile
worldwide across low-cost Internet connections. Solutions supported range fi-om standards-based site-to-ste A-TN using the Internet Key Excha
QKE) and IP Security (IPSec) VPN standards, to the nnovative Cisco Easy VPN remte access capablities found in Cisco PIX Security Applia
and 'th'cr Cisco Systems security soltionssilch as Cisco IOS foters and Cisco" VPN 3000 Series Cofcntfatbrs. Cisco Easy VPN delivfs a
unquely scalable, cost-effective, and easy-to-manage remote-access VPN architecture that elminates the operatioaal costs assocaed with
^naitaining the remote-device configuradons hat ai-e typically required by traditional VPN solulions. Cisco Easy VPN provides feature-rich re
"access VPN services, including enforcing VPN client security posture requkements and performing automated software updates of Cisco VPN
CKents, to delver secure, easy-to-manage remote access to corporate networks. Cisco PIX Security Appliances encrypt data usng 56-bit Data
Encryption Standard (DES), 168-bit Triple DES (3DES), or up to 256-bi Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) encryption. Certain Cisco PIX
Security Appliance models have integrated hardware VPN acceleration, devering highly scalable, hgh-performance VPN services.
AWARD-WINNING RESILIENT ARCH1TECTURE PROV1DES MXIMUM BUSINESS UPTIME

Seect models of Cisco PD 515E Security Appliances provide award-winning stateful failover services that ensure resilient network protection
enterprise nehvork environments, Businesses can deploy Cisco PIX Security Appliances using ether an Active/Standby failover desgn or a mo
advanced Active/Active failover desgn, whicti supporis complex network environments that require asymmetrc routing support. Failover pars
contnuoiisly synchronze ther connection state and device configuration data, thus providing an easy-to-manage hgh availability solution.
Synchronzation can optionally take place over a high-speed LAN connection, providing another layer of protection by enablng "busrnesses to
gdgfpliiclly sepai;t tl flvr pir. Ii tlie cvet f a systm or network ailfe, etwdfk: sessions ar tdmatic'lly trsitidid Betwe
applances, with complete transparency to users.
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Page2of 15
INTELLIGENT NETWORKING SERVICES ENABLE SIMPLIFIED DEPLOYMENT AND SEAMLESS NETWORK INTEGRATION
Cisco PIX Security Appliances leverage over 20 years of Cisco Systems nctworking leadership and innovaon to deliver a wide-rangc. of ntel
networkng services for seamless integration into today's diverse network environments. Adminstrators can easily Intgrate Cisco PIX Security
Appiauces nto swiched networfc environments by taking advantage of nave S02.iq-based VLAN support. Cisco IP phone deployments can
beef f-ofri th'c "zcrb-bucl provisin ig" services provided by Cisco PIX Security ApplincGS, whicl lilp the plibc's tbmatically registr
with the approprate Cisco CallManager and do\vnload any addtional confguration informaton and software mages, Busnesses can improve
ther overall network resiliency by taking advantage of the robust Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) dynamic routing services provided by Cisco
PIX Security Appliances, whch can detect network outages within seconds and route around them. Mission-critical real-time enterprise applica
collaborative computing applcations, and streaming multimedia sewices can be securely delivered using the comprehensive PIM-Sparse Mode
and Bdirectonal-PIM routing support provided by Cisco PIX Security Appliances. Businesses can secure deployments of next-generation IPv6
networks usng fhe advanced IPv" security services provided by Cisco PIX Security Appliances, whle smultaneously securing exsting IPv4
environments vitli tlc sanie pplinc ding the trasiid pridd bwfds f IPv6 irifrasrctre.
FLEXIBLE MANAGEMENT SOLUTIONS LOWER OPERATIONAL COSTS

The Cisco PIX 515E Security Appliance delivers a wealth of confguraion, moniorng, and troubleshooting methods, gving businesses fJexbi
to use the methods that best meet their needs. Management solutions range from centralized, policy-based management tools to ntegrated, Web
based management, to support for remote-monitoring protocols such as Sknple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) and syslog. Cisco PIX
Security Appliances additonally ptbvide up to 16 levis of custbmizable administrative rales, so that businesses can grant adminisrators and
operations personnel the appropriate level of access to each applance, for example: monitoring only access, read-only access to the confguratio
network configuraton only, frewall conguration only, and so on.
Next-Generation Centralized Management Solutions

Administraors ean easily manage large numbers of Cisco PIX Seeurity Applianees using CiseoWorks VPN/Seeurity Management Soluton (VM
This suite consists ofseveral ntegrated sofhvare modules Including Management Center for Frewalls, Auto UpdateServer Software, and Secur
Monitor. Thls powerfl toffibation provldes a hlghly scalabl, hext-gheratioh, three-tir rahagemet slution that icludes the fliowing fa
Comprehensive confguration and software image management
Device hlerarchy with "Smart Rules"-based conguration inheritance
Customzable administrative roles and access prvileges
fe Comprehensive enterprise change management and audiing
+ff
' Intlligent discovery and optimization of securty polcies and object groups
"Touchless" software image management for remote Cisco PJX Security Appliances
Support for dynamcaly addressed appiances
Attack Mitigation and Event Monitoring Solutions

Network-based attacks can be easily and accurately identified, managed, and elimnated v/ithn commercal or enterprise eavironments usng tae
Cisco Security Monitoring, Analysis, and Response System (CS-MARS) product family. CS-MARS appliances analyze aad correlate security e
syslog, and NetFlow data from numerous desktop, server, and network security solutions to determine actual attack paths and provde mitgaton
bptibs, simplifying security incid't rianagmen for nvn'ohrrients whre dedicd scUriy ialysts m^' h'b b'e avilble.
Additonally, Cisco offers the CiseoWorks Securty Information Management Soluton (CWSIMS), whch s well suted for large enterprises an
managed security services providers with dedicated securty analysts who requre in-depth data collecton, forensic analysis, audit and complian
andreporthig for complexa multi-vendor networks.
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PageSof 15
World-CIass Device Management Solutions
The inlegratcd Cisco dapve Sccurity Device Manager (ASDM) provides a world-class Web-based management interface Lhat greay simpl
deployment, on-going confguration, and monitorng of a single Cisco PIX Security Appliancewithout requiring any software (oher than a
standard Web browser and Java Pug-In) to be instaed on an admnstraor's computer. Intelligent sctup and VPN wizards provide easy inegra
to y e'twofk cvifbnrricrit, whilc irifbrmativc rrinitoririg fcatfs, incldig a dstbord ard rel-tifric syslog vewer, provd vital,
devce/network health status and event monitorng at a glance.
Alternatvely, adminsfrators can remocly configure, monitor, and roubleshoot thelr Cisco PIX Security Appliances using a command-line
crfce (CLT). Sccrc CLI ccess is viltlc sig sc'vcral meth's, icldirig Sccurc Sh'c (SSHv2) Prbtdcbl, Tclrit bvcr IPScc, rid ot of
band through a consol porr.
Table 1. Product Features and Benefits
Features Behefit
Relable and Expandable Security Appliance
Purpose-Built Security Appliance Uses a proprietary, hardened operaling system that elimnates thc securiry risks assocatcd wth
general-purpose operating sysems
Combines Cisco product qualty wth no moving parts to provide a highly reliable security platfor
Fast Ethernet Expansin Options Supports easy installation of additonal network interfaces two PCI expansin slots
Supports expansin cards including sngle-port Fast Ethernet and four-port Fast Ethernet cards
Hardware VPN Acceleration Delivers high speed VPN services through the addition of ether a A^PN Acceleraor Card (VAC)
a VPN Accelerator Card+ (VAC+)Unrestricted (UR), Failover (FO) and Fa i lo ver-Acti ve/Activ
(FO-AA) models have integrated hai'dware VPN accelcration services
Integration with Leading Third-Party Supports the broad range of Cisco Technology Developerpartner solutons that provide URL
Solutions filtering, conlent fltering, virus protecton, scalable remote management, and more
Industry Certifcations and Eamed numerous leading indusy certifica ti ons and evaluatons, including:
Evaluations - Comrnon Gritera Evaluated Assurance Level 4 (EAL4)
- ICSALabs Firewall 4.0 Certifcation, Corporate RSSP Category
- Network Equipment Building Standards (NEBS) Level-3 Compliant
Advanced Firewall Services
Stateful Inspecton Firewall Provides wide:range of perimeter network security services to prevent unauthorzed network cce
Delivers robust stateful inspection firewall sei-vices which track the state of all network
Communications
Provides flexible access-control capabilities for more than 100 predened applcatons, services, a
protocols, wth the abilily lo define custom applications and services
Supports inbound/outbound ACLs for interfaces, time-bascd ACLs, and pcr-user/per-group polici
for improved control over network and application usage
Simplifes management of securiry polces by giving administraors the ablity to crate re-usable
network and service object groups thal can be referenced by mltiple securily policies, sirnplifyin
inital policy defmition and ongoing policy rnaintenance
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Page 4 of 15
Features BenefU
Advanced Application and Protocol Integrales 30 specialzed nspection engines that provide rich application control and securty
Inspection services for protocols such. as Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
Extended Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (ESMTP), Domain ame System (DNS), S imple Netw
Management Protocol (SNMP), Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP), SQL*Net, Network
System (NFS), H.323 Yersions 1-4, Session Iniation Protocol (SIP), Cisco Sknny Client Contr
Protocol (SCCP), Real-Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP), GPRS Tunneling Protocol (GTP), Inte
Locafor Service (ILS), Sun Remte Procedure Cali (RPC), and many more
Modular Policy Framework Provides a powerful, highly flexible framework for defining flow- or class-based policas, enabli
administrators to identify a network flow or class based on a variety of conditons, and then appl
set of customizable services to each flow/class
Improves control over applications by introducng ablity to have flow- or class-specifc
frewall/inspection policies, QoS policies, connection limits, connection tmers, and more
Securty Contexts Enables creation of mltiple security contexts (virtual frewalls) within a single Cisco PIX Secur
Appiiance, with each context having ts o\vn set of security policies, logcal interfaces, and
administrative domain
Supports onc lcensed Icvcl of security contexts: 5 (mximum number of security contexts suppo
based on model of Cisco PIX Security Appliance)
Provides businesses a convenient way of consolidating mltiple firewalls into a single pliyscal
appliance or falover pair, yet retaining the ability to manage each of these virtual nstances
separately
Enables service providers to deliver resent mult-tenant frewall services with a pair of redunda
appliances
Layer 2 Transparent Firewall Supports deployment of a Cisco PIX Security Appliance in a secure Layer 2 bridging mode,
providing rich Layer 27 rewall security services for the protected network while remaining
"invisible" to devices on each side of it
Simplifes Cisco PIX Security Appliance deployments in exsting network euvironments bynot
requiring businesses to re-address the protected networks
Supports creation of Layer 2 securiy perimeters by enforcng administrator defined Ethertype-ba
access control policies for Layer 2 network traffc
Multi-Vector Attack Protecton Provides wealth of advanced attack protecton services to defend businesses from many popular
forras of attacks, hicluding denal-of-service (DoS) attacks, fragmented attacks, replay attacks, an
malformed packet attacks
Delivers advanced TCP sream reassembly and traffc normalizaton services to assist in detectin
hidden application and protocol layer attacks
Integrates with Cisco Nehvork Intrusin Prevention Systern (IPS) solutons to identify and
dynamically block or shun hostile network nodes
Authentication, Authorization, Integrales with popular AAA services va TACACS+ and RADIUS, with support for redundant
and Accounting (AAA) Support servers for increased AAA services resiliency
Provides higlily flexible user and administrator authentication services, dynamc per-user/per-gro
policies, and adrainistratorprivilege control tlirough tight integi-atiou with Cisco Secure Access
Control Server (ACS)
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Page 5 of 15
Features Beneflt
Robust IPSec VPN Services
Cisco Easy VPN Server Delivers feature-rich remote access VPN concentrator servces for up to 2000 remote software- or
hardware-based VPN cients
Pushes VPN polcy dynamcally o Cisco Easy VPN Remote-enabled solutions (such as the Cisco
VPN Client) upon connection, helping to ensure that the latest corporate VPN security policies ar
used
Performs VPN client security posture checks when a VPN connection attempt is received, ncludi
enforcing sage of authorized host-based security producs (such as the Cisco Security Agent) an
verifying its versin number and status prior to letting the remote user access the corporate netwo
Provides adrninistrators precise control ovemvhat dfferent types of VPN cliens (software client,
router, VPN 3002, and PIX) are allowed to connect based on ype of clent, operating system
installed, and versin of VPN client software
Supports automatic software updates of Cisco VPN Clents and Cisco 3002 Hardware VPN Clen
wth the ability to trigger updates when VPN connections are established, or on-demand for
currently connected VPN cients
Extends VPN reach into environments using NAT or Port Address Translation (PAT), va suppoi
of a variety of TCP and UDP-based NAT traversal methods including the Internet Engineering Ta
Forc (IETF) draft standard
Cisco VPN Client Includes a free unlrnted Hcense for the hlghly acclaimed, ndustry-ieading Cisco VPN Client
Available on wde-range of platforms including Microsoft Windows 98, ME, NT, 2000, XP; Sun
Solaris; Intel-based Lnux distributons; and Apple Macintosh OS X
Provides many innovative features including dynamic securty policy downloadng from Cisco
Easy VPN Server-enabled producs, automatic failover to backup Easy VPN Servers, administrat
customizable dsributons, and more
Integrales with the award-winning Cisco Security Agent (CSA) for comprehensive endpoint secur
Site-to-SiteVPN Supports IKE and IPSec WN standards

Extends networks securely over the Internet by helping to ensure data privacy, data integrity, and
strong authentication wth remote networks and remote users
Improves network reliabiliry and performance through support of OSPF dynamic routing and
reverse-route injection over site-to-site VPN tunnels
Supports 56-bit DES, 168-bit 3DES, and up to 256-bit AES data encryption
Native Integration with Popular User Provides convenient method for authenticatng VPN users through native integraon with popula
Authentcation Services authentication services including Microsoft Active Directory, Microsoft Windows Domains,
Kerberos, LDAP, and USA SecurID (without requiring a seprate RADIUS/TACACS+ server to
as an interine diary)
X.509 Certifcate and CRL Support Supports Simple Certifcate Enrollment Protocol (SCEP)-based enrollment and manual enrollmen
with leading X.509 solutons roni Baltrnore, Cisco, Entrust, iPlanet/Netscape, Microsoft, RSA, a
VcriSign
Interoperates with large-scale Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) deployments through n-tiered
certifcate hierarchy support

(rn'pon oces, prTvcy statmts, and radififks of Cisco Systfris, Inc. can be fdud ciscd.cdrr.
PageBof 15
Features Beneflt
Resilient Architecture
Active/Active and Active/Standby Ensures resilient network protecton for busnesses through the award-winning hlgh avaabitty
Stateful Failover services provided by ccrtain models of Cisco PIX 515E Security Appliances
Supports Active/Standby failover services as a cost-effective high avalability solution, where one
falover pair meraber oprales in hot-standby raode acting as a complete redundant system that
maintans current session state Information for the active unit
Delivers advanced Active/Active failover services where both Cisco PIX Security Appliances in
a failover pair actively pass network traffc simultaneously and share state information bi-
directionally, enablng support for asyrametric routing environments and effectively doubling the
throughput of the failover pair for bursty network traffc conditons
Supports long-dstance failover enablng geographic separation of failoverpair members, providin
another layer of protection
VPN Stateful Failover Maximizes VPN connection uptimc wth new Active/Standby stateful failovcr for VPN connecto
Synchi-onizes ali security assocatiou (SA) state information and session key material between
failover par members, providing a highly resen VPN solution
Note: This feature is available on Unrestricted (UR.), Failover (FO), and Failover-Active/Active
(FO-AA) raodels only.
Zero-Downme Software Upgrades Enables busnesses to perform software maintenance relase upgrades on Cisco PIX Security
AppHance failover pairs withot impactng network uplime or connections through the support of
sate-sharing between mixed Cisco PDC Secuiiy AppHance Sofhvare versions (running versin
7.0(1) orhigher)
Intelligent Networkng Services
VLAN-Based Virtual Interfaces Provides increased flexibility when defning security polcies and eases overall integration nto
switched network environmenfs by supporting the creaton of logical interfaces based on IEEE
802.Iq VLAN tags, and the creation of security policies based on these virtual interfaces
Supports mltiple virtual interfaces on a single physical nterface through VLAN trunking, with
support for mltiple VLAN trunks per Cisco PIX Security Appance
Supports up to 25 total VLANs on Cisco PIX 515E Security Appliances
QoS Services Delivers per-flow, policy-based QoS services, wth support for LLQ and traffc polcing for
prioritizing latency-sensitve net\vork traffc and limiting bandwidlh usage of administrator-specif
applicatons
Enables busnesses o have end-to-end QoS policies for their extended network

Irpo oics, pnvcy statffits, and tfdmrks of Cisco Systems, Inc. can be fduhd on cfsc.cdm.
Page? of 15
Features Beneflt
OSPF Dynamic Routing Provides comprehensive OSPF dynamic routng servces usng technology based on world-ren
Cisco IOS Software
OfTers improved network reliability through fast route convergence and secure, efQcent route
distributon
Delivers a secure routng soluton in envronments using NAT through tight ntegration with C
PIX Seciuiy Appliance NAT services
Supports MD5-based OSPF authenication, in addtion to plaintext OSPF authentication, to pr
route spoofing and various routing-based DoS attacks
Provides route redistribution between OSPF processes, includhig OSPF, stac, and connected
Supports load balancing across equal-cost multpath routes
PIM Muiticast Routing Streamlines the delivery of multimedia trafile in video-conferencing, collaboratve computing,
misson critica! real-time enterprise applicatons through full PIM-Sparse Mode v2 and
Bidrectional-PIM routing support (based on world-class Cisco IOS multicast teclinology)
IPv6 Networking Provides access control and deep inspecton firewall services for native IPv6 network envronm
and mixed IPv4/IPv6 net\vork environrnents through dual-stack support
Deivers IPv6-enabled inspection services for HTTP, FTP, SMTP, ICMP, TCP, and UDP-base
applications
Supports SSHv2, tehiet, HTTP/HTTPS, and ICMP-based management over IPv6
Dynamic Host Control Protocol Obtans IP address for outsde interface of applance automatically from service provider
(DHCP) Client and Server Provides DHCP server services on one or more nterfaces, allowing devces to obtan IP addres
dynamically
Includes extensions for automated provisioning of Cisco IP phones and Cisco SoftPhone IP
telephony Solutions
DHCP Relay Fonvards DHCP requests from interna! devices to an administrator-specifed DHCP server, ena
centralized distribuon, trackng and maitenance of IP addresses
NAT/PAT Support Provides rich dynamic, static, and policy-based NAT, and PAT services
Flexible Management Solutions
CiscoWorks VPN/Security Provides a comprehensive management suie for large scale Cisco security product deployment
Management Soluton (VMS) Integrates pocy management, software mahitenance and security monitoring n a single
management consol
Cisco Adaptive Security Device World-class Web-based GUI enables simple, secure remote management of Cisco PIX Security
Manager (ASDM) Appliances
Provides a wde range of informative, real-time, and historical reports which give critica! insigh
hito usage trenos, performance baselnes, and security events
2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reservad.

Important notces, privacy statements, and trademarks of Cisco Systems, Inc. can be found on cisco.com.
PageSof 15
Features Benefit
Auto Update Provides "ouchless" securc remte rnanagement of Cisco PIX Security Appliance coniguration
and sohvare raages va a unque "push/pull" management model
Next-generation secure Extensible Markup Language (XML) over HTTPS rnanagement interface
be used by Cisco and third-party management applications for remte Cisco PIX Security Applia
confgurafion management, inventory, software image management/deployment and monitoring
Integrales with CiscoWorks Management Center for Firewalls and Auto Update Server for robus
scalable remote rnanagement of up to 1000 Cisco PIX Security Appliances (per management serv
Cisco PIX Command Line Allows customers to use existing Cisco IOS Sohvare CLI knowledge for easy installation and
Interface (CLI) management without additional traning
Supports rnproved ease-of-use with services such as command completion, context-sensitive hel
and command aliasng
Accessible through variety of methods including consol port, Telnet, and SSHv2
Command-Level Authorization Gves businesses the ability to crate up to 16 customizable admnstratve roles/profiles for
managing a Cisco PIX Security Appliance (monitoring only, read-only access to con figura (ion,
VPN administrator, firewall/NAT administrator, ec.)
Uses ether the ntemal administrator datbase or outside sources va TACACS+, such as Cisco
Secure ACS
SNMP and Syslog Support Provide remote monitoring and logging capabilities, with integraion nto Cisco and third-party
management applications
Supports Cisco IPSec Flow Monitoring SNMP MIB, providing a wealth of VPN flow statstics
including tunnel uptme, bytes/packets transferred, and more
LICENSE OPTIONS
The Cisco PIX 515E Security Appliance is available n fourprimary models that provide dfrent levis of interface density, failovcr capabilitie
and VPN throughput. Optional licenses support enabUng features including security contexts, GXP nspection, and various strcngths of encrypti
echnology.
^Platform Licenses
Restricted Software License

The Cisco PIX 515E Restricted (PIX 515E-R) model provides an excellent valu for organzatons looking for robust Cisco PIX Security Appli
services with minimal interface density and VPN throughput requirements. It inciudes 64 MB of RAM, two 10/100 Fast Ethernet interfaces, an
support for one addilional 10/100 Fast Ethernet interface.
Unrestricted Software License

ThePrX515EUnrestricted(PIX515E-UR) model extends the capabilities oflhe family with support for stateful faover, additional LAN ner
and ncreased VPN throughput va integrated hardware-based VPN acceleration. It inciudes an integrated VAC or VAC+ hardware VPN accele
I2S MB of RAM, two J 0/100 Fast .Ethernet interfaces, and support for up to four additional 10/100 Fast Ethernet interfaces. The Cisco PJX 515
UR also adds the ability to share statc Information wih a sccondary Cisco PIX Security Appliance (cihcr in an Active/Active or Activc/Standb
deployment model) for reslent network protection.

Imporant notces, privacy statements, and trademarks of Cisco Systems, Inc. can be found on cisco.com.
Page 9 of 15
Failover Active/Standby'Software License
The Cisco PIX 515E "Failover" (PJX 515E-FQ) model is designedfor use in conjunction wth aPIX 515E-UR, providing a cost-efective,
Aptiye/Standby high-ayailabIty spluipn. It oprales in hot-standby mode acting as a complete redundan! system that mantains current session
information. With the same hardware confguration as the Cisco PIX 515E-UR, i delivers the ultmate iii hgh availabilty for a fraction of the
Faover Active/Active Software License

The Cisco PIX 515E Failover Active/Active (PIX 515E-FO-AA) model is designed for use in conjunction with a PIX 515E-UR, providing a
scalable Active/Active high-availablity solution. Advanced network topologies, such as those with asymmetric routing, are supported through
Active/Active architecture where both Cisco PDC Security Appliances pass network traffic and exchange b-dircctonal state sharng updates \v
anpth.er.Th.is Hcensîs. s.uppprted.by Ciscp PIX Security Appliance Software y?. Q and higher. License iipgrades. are ayailable fpr exsting PDC
FO iirts to convert fi'om Actve/Staudby to Active/Active failover.
Feature Lcenses
Security Context Lcenses

The GiscoP0-515B Security Appliance can support up to 5 security contexts, with each context having its o\vn seprate securily polcies and
administrative doman. One ter of securty context Ucensing s avalable for Csco PIX 515E Security Appliances5 security contexts. Ths l
is supported by Cisco PIX Security Appliance Software v7.0 and higher, and requires an Unrestricted (UR), Faiiover (FO), or Failover Active/
(FO-AA) licensesecurity contexts are not supported on Restricted (R) models,
GTP inspecton License

The Cisco PTX 51 5E Security Appliance can provide advanced security servces for GTP/GPRS SGMoble Wreless environraents upon instal
of the GTP Inspection License. This license is supported by Cisco PK Security; Appliance Software v7,0_ and higher, and requires either an
Unrestricted (UR), Failover (FO), or Failover Active/Active (FO-AA) license GTP inspection is not supported on Restricted (R) models,
Encryption License
3DES/AES and DES Encryption Lcenses

The Cisco PIX 515E Securty Appliance has two op'onal encryption licenses onc liccnse (P-IX-AT-N-3DES) enables 168-bit 3DES and up to
bit AES encryption, the other license (PK-VPN-DES) enables 56-bit DES encryption. Both are available either at the time of ordering the Cis
515E Securily Appliance, or can be obtained subsequenlly through Cisco.com. Note that an encryption license must be rnstalled to actvate
encryption services which are required before using certain features ncludng \PN and secure remote management.
PERFORMANCE SUMMARY
Cleartext througliput: Up to 190Mbps
Concurrent connections: 130,000
1 68-bit 3DES JPSec VPN throughput: Up to 135 Mbps wjth VAC+ or 63 Mbps with VAC
i 128-bit AES. IPSec YPN h.rougbput: Up.tp. 13.0. Mbp with YAC+
256-bt AES IPSec VPN throughput: Up to 130 Mbps with VAC-f
Simultancous VPN tunnels: 2000
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Processor: 433-MFIz Intel Celeron Processor
Random access memory: 64 MB or 128 MB of SDRAM
Flash roemory; 1 6 MB

Important noces, privacy statemens, and trademarks of Csco Systems, Inc. can be found on csco.com.
Page 1 0 of 1 5
Cache: 128 KB leve! 2 at 433 MHz
System bus: Single 32-bt, 33-MHz PCI
ENVIRONMENTAL OPERAT1NG RANGES
Operatng
Temperature: -25 to 131"F (-5 to 55DC)
Relativo Humdty: 5% to 95% noncondensng
Jfitude: O o 9843 (3000 m)
_ Shpck: 1.14 m/scc(45in./sec) l/2sneinput
A'ibration: 0.41 Grms2 (3-500 Hz) random input
AcouscNoise; 45 dBa mximum
Nonoperatng
Temperature: -13 to 15ST (-25 lo 70"C)
Relative Humidity: 5% to 95% noncondensing
Aiitude; O to 15,000 (4570 m)
_ Shpck: 30 G
A'bration: 0.41 Grms2 (3-500 Hz) random npu
POWER
Input (Per Power Supply)

Range Lne Voltage: 1OOV to 240V AC or 48V DC
Nominal Line Voltage: 1 OOV to 240V AC or 48V DC
Currcnt: l.SAirips
Frequency: 50 to 60 Hz, single phase
Output
Sjcady State: 5.0.W
Mximum Peak: 65W
,-> Mximum Heat Dissipaion: 410 BTU/lu; full power usage (65W)
*
PHYSICAL SPECIFICAT1ONS
Dimensons and Weight Specificatons

JForm factor: 1 RU, standard 19-iu. rack mouiilable
Dimensions (H x W x D): 1.72 x 16.82 x 11.8 b (4.37 x 42.72 x 29.97 cm)
Weight (one power supply): 11 Ib (4.11 kg)
Expansin
Two 32-bit/33-MHz PCI slots
Two 168-pin DIMM RAM slots, supporting up to 64 MB rnemory mximum
interfaces
Consol Port: RS-232, 9600 bps, RJ45
Failover Port: RS-232, 115 Kbps, DB-15 (special PIX failover cable required)
Two integraled 10/100 Fast Ethernet interfaces, auto-negotiate (halfffull dplex), RJ45
2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. Al! righs reservad.

Important notices, privacy statements, and rademarks of Cisco Systems, Inc. can be found on cisco.com.
Page11 of 15
Safety
UL 1950, CSA C22.2 No. 950, EN 60950, IEC 60950, AS/NZS3260, TS001, IEC60825, EN 60825,21CFR1040
Electro Magnetic Compatbility (EMC)

FCC Par 15 (CFR 47) Class A, ICES-003 Class A with UTP, EN55022 Class A with UTP, CISPR 22 Class A with UTP, AS/NZ 3548 Class A
UTP, VCCI Class A with. UTP, EN55024, EN500S2-1 (1997), CE markng, EN55022 Class B with FTP, Cspr 22 Class B wh FTP, AS/NZ 3
Cass B with FTP, VCCI Class B with FTP
PRODUCTORDER1NG INFORMATION
Table 2 Hsts orderng informacin for the Cisco PIX 515E Security Appliances and related producs.
Table 2. Ordering Information
PIX-515E PIX515E Chassis (chassis, software, 2 10/100 intetaces)
PIX-515E-DC PIX 515E DC Chassis (chassis, software, 2 10/100 interfaces)
PIX-515E-R-BUN PIX 515E Restricted Bundle (chassis, restricted license, sofhvare, 2 10/100 interfaces, 64 MB RAM)
PIX-515E-R-DMZ-BUN PIX 515E DMZ Bundle (chassis, restricted license, sofhvare, 3 10/100 interfaces, 64 MB RAM)
PIX-5I5E-UR-BUN PIX 515E Unrestncted Bundle (chassis, unrestricted license, software, 2 10/100 ports, 128 MB RAM,
VACorVAC+)
PIX-515E-UR-FE-BUN PIX 515E Unrestricted 6-port Fast Ethernet Bundle (chassis, unrestrictcd license, sofhvare, 6 10/100 po
128 MB RAM, YAC or VAC+)
PIX-515E-FO-BUN PIX 515E Active/Standby Failover Bundle (chassis, Active/Standby failover license, software, 2 10/100
interfaces, 128 MB RAM, VAC or VAC-f)
^ PIX-515E-FO-FE-BUN PIX 515E Active/Standby Failover 6-port Fast Ethernet Bundle (chassis, Active/Standby failover licens
software, 6 10/100 interfaces, 128 MB RAM, VAC or VAC+)
PIX-515E-AA-FE-BUN PDC 51.5E Active/Active Failover 6-port Fast Ethernet Bundle (chassis, Active/Active failover license,
sofhvare, 6 10/100 interfaces, YAC orVAC+)
PIX-515E-DC-R-BUN PIX 515E DC Restricted Bundle (chassis, restriced license, sofhvare, 2 10/100 interfaces, 64 MB RAM
PIX-515E-D C-UR-BUN PIX 515E DC Unrestricted Bundle (chassis, unrestricted license, sofhvare, 2 10/100 interfaces, 128 MB
RAM,VACorVAC+)
PIX-515E-D C-FO-BUN PIX 515E DC Active/Standby Failover Bundle (chassis, Active/Standby failover license, sofhvare, 2
10/100 interfaces, 128 MB RAM, VAC or VAC+)
PIX-515E-HW= PIX 5I5E rack mount kit, consol cable, failover cable
PIX-FO PIX failover cable
2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. Al I rights reserved.

Importan! nptices, pnYacy staternents, and. trad.ernar.ks o Cisco.ys.erns, Inc, cap befpund.prj cj.sco,cprri,
Page12of15
PIX-4FE-66 PDC 64-bit/66-MHz 4-port i 0/100 Fast Ethernet interface card, RJ45
PIX-1FE PIX sngle-port 10/100 Fast Ethernet interface card
PIX-VPN-ACCEL PIX DES/3DES VPN Acceleralor Card (VAC)
PIX-VAC-PLUS PfX DES/3DES/AES VPN Accelerator Card+ (VAC+)
PIX-SW-SC-5 Cisco PIX 5 security contexts license
P1X-SW-GTP Cisco PIX GTP/GPRS nspection license
PIX-515-VPN-3DES 168-bit 3DES and up to 256-bit AES encryption software license
PIX-VPN-DES 56-bit DES encryption software license
SUPPORT SERVICES
Support services are available from Cisco and Cisco partners. Cisco SMARTnet service augmente customer support resources, and provides
anywhere, anyme access to technical resources (both. online and by lelephone), the ability to download updated system software, and hardwar
advance repacement.
SUPPORT ORDER1NG INFORMATION

Table 3 lsts ordering informaton foc Cisco SMARTnet support services.
Table 3. Cisco SMARTnet Ordering Information
CON-SNT-PIX515E Cisco SMARTnet 8x5xNBD service forPIX 515E chasss only
CON-SNT-PIX515ER Cisco SMARTnet Sx5xNBD service for PIX 515E-Rbundle
CON-SNT-PIX515EUR Cisco SMARTnet 8x5xNBD service forPIX 515E-URbundle
CON-SNT-PIX515EFE Cisco SMARTnet 8x5xNBD service for PIX 515E-UR-FE bundle
^ CON-SNT-PrK515EFO Cisco SMARTnet 8x5xNBD sen'ice forPIX 515E-FO bundle
CON-SNT-PIX515EFF Cisco SMARTnet SxSxNBD service for PTX 515E-FO-FE bundle
CON-SNT-PIX515EAA Cisco SMARTnet SxSxNBD sei-vice for PJX 515E-FO-AA bundle
CON-SNTE-PIX515E Cisco SMARTnet 8x5x4 service for PIX 515Echassis only
CON-SNTE-PIX515ER Cisco SMARTnet 8x5x4 service for PIX 515E-R bundle
CON-SNTE-PIX515EUR Cisco SMARTnet 8x5x4 service for PIX 515E-UR bundle
CON-SNTE-PIX515EFE Cisco SMARTnet 8x5x4 service for PIX 515E-UR-FE bundle
CON-SNTE-PIX515EFO Cisco SMARTnet 8x5x4 service for PIX 515E-FO bundle
CON-SNTE-PIX515EFF Cisco SMARTnet 8x5x4 service forPIX 515E-FO-FE bundle
2005 Cisco Sysems, Inc. AII rfghts reservad.

Irnportant
_ . . _ . . notices, privacy
. _ _ . staernents, and trademarks
^ of Cisco Sysems, Inc. can be found on cisco.com.
CON-SNTE-PIX515EAA Cisco SMARTnet 8x5x4 service for PIX 515E-FO-AA bundle
CON-SNTP-PIX515E Cisco SMARTnet 24x7x4 service for PIX 515E chassis only
CON-SNTP-PIX515ER Cisco SMARTnet 24x7x4 service for PIX 515E-R bundle
CON-SNTP-PIX515EUR Cisco SMARTnet 24x7x4 service for PDC 515E-UR bundle
CON-SNTP-PIX515EFE Cisco SMARTnet 24x7x4 service for PIX 515E-UR-FE bundle
CON-SNTP-PDC515EFO Cisco SMARTnet 24x7x4 service for PIX 515E-FO bundle
CON-SNTP-PIX515EFF Cisco SMARTnet 24x7x4 service for PIX 515E-FO-FE bundle
CON-SNTP-PIX515E AA Cisco SMARTnet 24x7x4 service for PIX 515E-FO-AA bundle
CON-OS-PIX51.5E Cisco SMARTnet On-Site SxSxNBD service for PIX 515E chassis only
CON-OS-PIX515ER Cisco SMARTnet On-Site Sx5xNBD service for PIX 515E-R bundle
CON-OS-PIX515EUR Cisco SMARTne On-Ste SxSxNBD service for PIX 515E-UR bundle
CON-OS-PIX515EFE Cisco SMARTnet On-Site 8x5xNBD service for PIX 515E-UR-FE bundle
CON-OS-P1X515EFO Cisco SMARTne On-Site SxSxNBD service for PIX 515E-FO bundle
CON-OS-PIX515EFF Cisco SMARTnet On-Site 8x5xNBD service for PIX 515E-FO-FE bundle
CON-OS-PIX515EA Cisco SMARTnet On-Site 8x5xNBD service for PIX 515E-FO-AA bundle
CON-OSE-PIX515E Cisco SMARTnet On-Site 8x5x4 service for PIX 515E chassis only
CON-OSE-PIX515ER Cisco SMARTnet On-Ste 8x5x4 service for PIX 515E-R bundle
CON-OSE-PIX515EUR Cisco SMARTnet On-Ste 8x5x4 service for PIX 515E-UR bundle
CON-OSE-PIX515EFO Cisco SMARTnet On-Site 8x5x4 service for PIX 515E-FO bundle
CON-OSE-PIX515EAA Cisco SMARTnet On-Site 8x5x4 service for PIX 5I5E-AA bundle
CON-OSP-PIX515E Cisco SMARTnet On-Site 24x7x4 service for PIX 515E chassis only
CON-OSP-PIX515ER Cisco SMARTnet On-Site 24x7x4 service for PIX 515E-R bunde
CON-OSP-PIX515EUR Cisco SMARTnet On-Site 24x7x4 service for PIX 515E-UR bundle
CON-OSP-PIX515EFE Cisco SMARTnet On-Site 24x7x4 service for PIX 515E-UR-FE bundle
CON-OSP-PJX515EFO Cisco SMARTnet On-Site 24x7x4 service for PIX 515E-FO bundle
CON-OSP-PIX515EFF Cisco SMARTnet On-Site 24x7x4 service for PDC 515E-FO -FE bundle
CON-OSP-PIX515EAA Cisco SMARTnet On-Sie 24x7x4 service for PIX 515E-AA bundle

Important notices, privacy staiements, and-trademarks o Cisco Systems, Inc. can be found on cisco.com.
Page 14 of 15
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
For more Information, please visit he following links.
Cisco PDC Securify Appliaiice Seres; httD://www.cisco.com/go/pix
Cisco Adapve Securty Device Manager: http://www.cisco.com/go/asdm
Curren list of Cisco product security certifcations: httD://www.cisco.com/go/securitvcert
Cisco Secure ACS: hUp://www^cJscjxcom/go/a_cs
CiscoWorks VMS, Management Center for Firewalls, Auto Update Server Software and Securty Monitor; http://www.cisco.com/go/vms
CiscoWorks SIMS: http://www.cisco.corn/go/sims
SAFE Blueprint from Cisco: http:/Avww.cisco.com/go/safe
Cisco SYSTEMS
CorporateHeadquarters European Headquarters Americas Headquarters Asia Pacific Headquarters

Cisco Systems, Inc. Cisco Systems International Cisco Systems, Inc. Cisco Systems, Inc.
170 West Tasman Drve BV 170 West Tasman Drve 168 Robinson Road
San Jos, CA 95134-1706 Haarlerbergpark San Jos, CA 95134-1706 #28-01 Capital Tower
USA Haarlerbergweg 13-19 USA Singapore 068912
www. csco.com 1101 CHAmsterdam www.cisco.com www.cisco.com
Tel: 408 526-4000 The Netherlands Tel: 408 526-7660 Tel;+65 6317 7777
SOO 553-NETS (6387) www-europe.cisco.com Fax: 408 527-0883 Fax;-H5563177799
Fax:408526-4100 Tel: 31 0203571000
Fax: 31 O 20 357 1100
Cisco Systems has more than 200 offices in the following counlries and regions. Addresses, phone numbers, and fax numbers are usted on
the Cisco Website at www.cisco.com/go/ofTees.
Argentina Australia Austria Beigium Brazil * Bulgaria Canad Chile China PRC * Colombia Costa Rica Croata Cyprus
Czech Republic Denmark Dubai, UAE Finland France Gcrmany Greece Hong Kong SAR Hungary India Indonesia Ireland
Israel Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Malaysia Mxico The Netherlands New Zealand Nonvay Per Phiippnes Poland
Portugal Puerto Rico Romana Russia Saud Arabia Scotland Singapore Slovalda Slovena South frica Spain Sweden
Switzerland Taiwan Tliaiiand - Turkey Ukraine United Khigdom United Staes * Venezuela Vietnam Zimbabwc
Copyright 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc, All rights rcscrvcd. Cisco, Cisco Systems, Cisco IOS, the Cisco Systems logo, PK, and SMARTnct are rcgistercd tradcmarks or
tradcmarks ofCisco Systems, Inc. and/or its affiliatcs in tlie U.S. and cenain othcr countries.
All othcr tradcmarks mcntioncd in this document or Wcbsitc are thc property of thcir respective owners. Thc use of the word panncr docs not imply a partncrship rclationship
bcnvccn Cisco and any othcr cornpany. (050 IR) 204177.c_ETMG_MH_l,05
6-38 GHz CEPT digital hierarchy
TRuepoint 5000
a new generaton
ofpoint-to-point
PDHISDHI Ethernet
digital radios
TRuepont 5000 is a series of compact, versatiie

pont-to-point digital radios that provide highly reliable
communtcation KnksforNxEI, STM1 and data overa
wide range of frequency bands from 6 to 38 GHz.
These radios, builton a common platform, offera

wide variety of network capacities and configurations.
TRuepointincorporaes a scalable design using plug-
and-play modules available with tradtional circuit-
switched and IP nterfaces. This provides users with
the flexibility to choose a system that meets current
needs, and the abity to easily expand the system to
accommodaefuture growth. It reduces capital and
operating expenditures commoniy associated with
field installation, maintenance, training and spares.
TRuepoint's rado frequency units (RFUs) are

capacity-ndependent, and can be Installed indoors or
outdoors. TRuepoint's signal processing units
(SPUs), installed indoors, are frequency-ndependent.
TRuepointhas software-enabled features, allowng
users to select capacities, modulation levis, RF
frequency channels and transmit output power
settngs to meetworldwide regulatory and spectrum
efRciency requirements.
Sophisticated n-service performance monitoring and

built-in dagnostics assess signal quality and identify
possble path and/or hardware failures. Status
LEDs on each module provide visual system
alarm ndicaions.TRuepointcan be
managed and monrtored using any
SNMP-based network orelement
manager.
TRuepoint 5000 6-38 GHz CEPT digital hierarchy
Fase of Use Flexible

Installaton m Software-seiecable modulation (4, 16, 32, 64,128
QAM).
The SPU occupies a single rack-mountng space for
1 +0 configurations; two rack mounting spaces for 1+1 Flexible forward error correction schemes optimize
and 2+0 configurations. bandwdth and system gain.
The RFU isweatherproofforoutdoorinstallaton, but Plug-and-play modules faciltate faster network
it can also be mounted indoors on a radio relay rack. startup, simple reconfigurations and capacity
upgrades.
The RFU can be attached directly to the antenna
(RFU-detachable configuration).
Reliable
Management andMaintenance
Acommon platformandntegrateddesignforall
No downtime during module swaps in 1+1 configurations provides more than 20 years MTBF
configurations. (1+0 confguration).
The controller board can be removed wthout Automatic transmitterpower control (ATPC/DTPC).
interrupting traffic.
Reverse channel switching protects againstsilent
Backwards-compatible with Harris MicroStar radios ransmitterfailures.
through an integrated HDLC port.
Intuitive LED displays on each unit indcate activity
and alarm status. Key Features Also Include:
Built-in self diagnostcs differentiate path alarms Centralized SNMP-based management system
from equipment alarms. enables operators to conveniently set adminstrative
functons, monitor performance, perform routine
Convenientsetup, monitoring and confguration of
tasks and manage each radio in the network.
any radio in the network through a graphical web
C!T,VT-100computertermnaorhand-heldkeypad Graphical, web-enhanced interface automatically
(provided by Harris). monitors he network and provides access to any
radio in the network.
A removable MMC in he controller board stores
software and configuration settings, which allows for Dynamic bandwldth allocatonfrom/within the
autoconfiguration. auxiliary data channels.
Sea la ble Standard asynchronous data transfer of 19.2 Kbps
(controller board).
The scalable, RF-independent SPU uses optional
plug-in modules to accommodate a wide variety of Auxiliary plug-in slots for:
data interfaces forPDH, SDH and IP appcatons. -64 Kbps synchronous, G.703 orV.11 interface
- VF channel/orderwire
TheRFUiscapacity-independent. -Additional relay inputs and alarms
Single module swap for capacity upgrade from 2 E1 -Optional 10BASE-Tover64Kbps, pont-to-point
toSTM-1.
The indoorconfguration ofthe RFU/SPU (TRuepoint
5300) accommodates high poweramplifiers (HPA).
TRuepoint SOOO 6-38 GHz CEPT digital hierarchy
Modularty ofthe SPU

TRuepont ADM TRuepoint
SDHRING
2+0
Function-oriented modules minimize the need for (dual frequency)
complete board sparing. There are four main functions.
- Modem/Power Supply
- Multiplex
- Controller
- Ancillary or Service Channel (2 slots allocated)
The variety of configuratons available simplifies
mgration to higher capacties. The modem, controller,
and ancillary boards are common throughout the product
portfolio which reduces the need for spares, and
simplifies training and maintenance.
The multiplexer manages several capacites and

interfaces, including the foilowing: SDH Linear Spur
-2tol6E1
- E3+1E1 or 2x100BASE-T + 1 E1 over 34 Mbil/s + 1 E1,
-21 E1, STM-1 partially filled
- STM-1 + E1 wayside
- Mixed interfaces such as 2x1QOBASE-T with E1 (up to
16 E1), with a mximum airlink payload of 4 E3 + 2 E1.
The airlink payload and traffic assgnmen is
selectabie by software.
-2x100BASE~Tover STM-1 capacty+1 E1.
- 2 o r 4 E 3 + 2E1
2x1 OOBASE-T payload strucure (100 Mbit/s). In

applications using 10OBASE-T LAN, the routing
capability allows for port base VLAN.
21 E1/STM-1 Partially Filled
The 21 E1 Mux is mapped into a partially filled STM-1 and the Mux board behaves with the ADM to
which it is connected as a mutplexing section. The 21 E1 Mux includes an 7 by filling the unused
bytes of STM-1 RSOH and MSOH, brnging the total usable capacity to 22 E1.
2x100BASE-T/STM-1
t M\l
100BAS E-T
f JW^\^
*
TRuepoln
Ruepolfil 'Rutpo\n\l
El
PABX
J L
TRuepoint 5000 6 - 38 CHz CEPTdigital hierarchy
RFU Configurations
TRuepoint5100(13-38GHz)
TRuepoint53
(6-11 GH
Unprotected (1+0) Protected (1+1)
tntegreed DetaetoUe RFU wHt Seprate Dcacna&te RFU nii Sepatote

flt Arfonna Panotic Antentm Paraftoic Antenna Fat Matute Pa/abolis Antan Paaroffc Anteima
TRuepoint5200(6-11 GHz)
SepafateAntEtma OeacfiaWe RFU w/l

Parafto/c An/enna
SPU 1 RMS for Unprotected Configuration (1+0)
SPU 2 RMS for Protected Configuration (1+1) or 2+0
Mcrowave Communications Divisin | 3 Hotel de Vite | Mortrai. Qubec, Can

Phone 1-80Q-4-HARRIS exl. 3240 (within North America) 1-4O7-727-9207 ext 3240 (outside N
www.mIcroW3
CDpyriQtnt C 2004
Data sucfea to change vAhout noticc. 03/23
Vlde'Communication System
PCS-TL50
imagine a worid in which you can sit atyour desk working atyour PC when suddenly,
instead o the phone rnging, a windowpops up onyour PC dispiay and instantlyyou are on
a videoconference cali. This world ofmodem visual communication is no longer imaginary
with the new Sony PCS-JL50 Videoconferencing System.
The a-in-one PCS-TL50 Videoconferencing System is ideal for executive offices, SOHOs, and
smali offices/meeting spaces. it's very easy to instail, because eveything is built-in, and
preprogrammng the unit is also very simple with the supplied Remote Commander unit and
intuitive GUI. Moreovert the unit's user-friend!y design makes placing and receiving calis as
easy as pressing a button - even easier than making a phone cali,
Boasting a farge 20-nch*1 wide dispiay that doubles as a PC monitor, multitasking is made
easy. There are severa! iayout options avaiiabie, ncluding mltiple screens and Picture-and-
Picture, which can be used to dispiay the otherparty whileyou continu to work on another
PC applcatin. By multitasking in this way, productivity can be increased twofold, What's
more, the data-sharng function makes itpossible to send and receive*2 any kind ofdata that
can be displayed on a PC.
With al! ofthese features and more, the sleek, stylisli and sophlsticated PCS-TL50 wiil make
a great addition to your office or small meeting spaces. Increased productivity and irnproved
communication, including executive decision-making is all possible with the PCS-TL50.
*i Viewable rea measured diagonally.

*2 Sending data requires the optional PCSA-DSB1S Data Solution Box (DSB); however, the DSB is not required for receiving data.
FEATURES
All-ln-One Design Easy Setup and Use
Unlike typical videoconference systems, the PCS-TL50 Built-in Network Interface/Optional

has everything you need built into a single package ISDN Connection
that can double as a PC monitor. Its brght 20-inch With a built-in Ethernet interface, he PCS-TL50 can
wide display can properly present images in boh be configurad by simpiy pugging it into a LAN and
16:9 and 4:3 aspect ratios. The uni afso has a but- making a few quick settings on an intuitive setup
in digital PTZ (Pan/Tilôom) camera that is used to men. The PCS-TL50 supports data-transfer rates of
precisefy capture images, and a privacy shutter that up to 2 Mb/s, making high-quality videoconferencing
can be ciosed at times when you preer not to possibie.
receive videoconference calis. In addition, built-in An optional PCSA-B768S or PCS-B3S4S ISDN Unit
speakers and microphones provide high audio quality
(network adaper) is avaiiable for videoconferences
during videoconferences.
over ISDN networks; nese unte support data-transfer
rates over ISDN fines at up to 768 Kb/s or 384 Kb/s,
respectively.
User-Friendly Remote Commander/

Intuitive GUI
The PCS-TL50 is thoughtfully designed wth an
intuiive GUI and a user-friendly Remote Commander
unit Displayincj only required information, the rnenus
are intuitive and easy to navigate; in addition, text
messages are displayed at the bottom of the screen as
a guide. Buttons on the Remte Commander unit are
cleanly situatedjfor ease of use. And one-touch
operation makejs it quick and simple to change display
layouts, capture* images, and place calis.
One-Touch Dialing
A unique featufe of the PCS-TL50 is one-touch
dialing, which allows you to easily connect to any of
your listed contacts with the touch of a buton. By
preprogramming your contact information, picture
icons and contdct ames will appear at the bottom
of the main men. Calis are placed by pressing the
button on the Remte Commander unit that
corresponds to 'the picture icn. Up to 30 contacts in
the phone book can be flagged for one-touch dialing.
Memory Stick Media for Prvate Multitasking
Phonebook (Simuttaneous Videoconference/
If mltiple users choose to use a single PCS-TL50,
each user can store their personal contact With the PCS-TL50, you can continu to work
Information on a Memory Stick media card. Afer your PC even while you are on a videoconfere
inserting the Memory Sick media into the ca!. This unique feature is ideal for busy exec
PCS-TL50, ihe unlt auomaticaiy recognizes and who want o increase their productivty.
actvales the prvate phonebook, hereby eliminating
the need to re-enter contact Information to olace a cali.
Excellent Video Quality
Data-Sharing Capabilties The PCS-TL50 compiles with the ITU H.264 vi
codee in addition to previous versions of ITU
Data originated on your PC can be shared with your videoconferencing codees to maintain compa
videoconferencing counterparts, making with legacy systems. ITU H.2G4 is the aest s
communication even more effectve. Any image that that offers hgh-picture quality at a much low
can be displayed on a PC can be sent or recelved*2 n rate than the H.263 standard.
native XGA resoiution, allowing all parties to share
data during a videoconference.
Superb Sound
Pcture-n-Pcture/Picture-and-Picture Clear and natural-sounding audio is produced
PCS-TL50 as it supports MPEG-4 AAC (Advanc
With the choice of Picture-in-Picture or Picure-and- Audio Coding) at 14 kHz.*3 Boasting dual-inte
Picture {split screen) layout options, both near- and far- speakers and microphones, and a built-in echo
end video and/or data can be displayed in a manner canceller, audio quality is much hgher than
that s pleasing to the eye. conventional speakerphone systems. Also, a
microphone jack and a headphone jack are av
for externa! microphone or headset use.
'3 MPEG-4 AAC is available with a peer-to-peer con

only.
Memory Stick Support
Not only does the PCS-TL50 support Memory

media for storing and retrieving prvate phoneb
J*. but it also supports the media for a number of
uses, ncluding soring and receiving still image
capturng videoconference images, and installin
optional software.
Secure Videoconferencing -
Advanced Encryption Standard
Secure videoconferencng over a network is po

because the PCS-TL50 supports AES. When a
videoconference is initiated with the AES featu
active, video, audio, and graphics are encrypte
the duration of the videoconference.
Picture-and-Picture
QoS (Quality of Service) Multi-point Videoconferencing at up
Enhancement Functions 10 Sites"4
When Holding a videoconference over a network;;a Using optional MCU software, the PCS-TL50 can
common concern is how to rnaintain video and adio confgured to communicate with up to 5
qualiy wheh the performance of the network is 1 videoconferencing sites simultaneousy using eithe
IP (H.323
changing. The PCS-TL50 provides two advanced \s to enhance QoS overprotocol) or ISDN (H.320
a network: j protoco)
connecton. It can also support videoconferences
which trje connections are a combination of IP an
Adaptive Rate Control ISDN using a unique bridging function. Moreover
The adaptive rate control function automatically PCS-TL50 units - each installed with the optional
vares the adio and video bit transfer rate to meet (H.323) software - can be cascaded with an IP
changing network conditions. It also selects the most connection to support a mximum of 10 sites.
appropriate frame rates, which helps prevent adio
and video breakup. j *< The following video and audio standards are suppor
i wih multi-point videoconferencing: H.261, H.263, G.
G.722, and G.728.
Auto Repeat Request (ARQ) j
The ARQ function recovers lost IP packets. This is
performed by buffering the packets at the encoder
and resending any that are lost. This feature hel DS Transportable
rnaintain the adio and video quality, and helps
prevent piclure collapse even under high networ|< The all-in-one PCS-TL50 is equipped with a hand
traffic conditions. and has a relatively light weight of 10 kg (22 Ibs
making it very portable and easy to move from o
room to another.
Wireless LAN Capability
By connecting an externa] wreless LAN device*5 to

network nterfate of the PCS-TL50, the unit can b
used on a wireless network.
*s Please contact your local Sony sales office for a list o

compatible wireless devices.
SAMPLE SYSTEM CONFIGURATION

PCSA-DSB1S
PCS-G70 FPD PCS-1/1P

t
OPTIONAL ACCESSORIES
*PCSA-B768S shown *PCS-A1 shown
PCSA-DSB1S PCSA-B768S PCS-A1 PCS-323M1

Data Solution Box 6BR! ISDN Unit Omnidirectional Microphone H.323 MCU Software
PCSA-B384S PCS-A300 PCS-320M1
3BRI ISDN Unit Unidirectional Microphonc H.320 MCU Software
SPECIFICATIONS
1 PCS-TL50 | Intearated Camera 1
1 Vdeo 1 Imaqe device 1/3 type CCD
Standards H.261, H.263. H.263+. H.263++. H.264. Horizontal resoiution 450 W fines
H.263 Intcflaccd SIF. MPEG-4 SP@L3 Focal ienqti 4.0 mm (F2.0)
Resolution QCIF (176 X 144), CIF (352x288) Focus Pan Focus
Trame rate Max. 30 frames/s IRIS Auto (Diqital AGC)
Bit rate Up to 768 Kb/s in H.320 (Incl. audio) Zoom ratio x2 (Diqital zoom)
... . Upjo--2>lb&tlitH23-(lncI.audlo) Pan anqie -35' to +35" (Diqital)
Tllt anqle -26 to +26 (Diqital]
Bandwidth and coding G.711:3.4 kHz at 56/64 Kb/s Preset Up to 6 positions
G.722:7.0 kHz at 48/56/64 Kb/s S/N 48 dB
G.722.1:7.0 kHz at 24/32 Kb/s (H.323) Oiers Back light compensation, Auto white balance
G.72B: 3.4 kHz aM6 Kb/s | Integrated Microphones t
G.723.1:3.4 kHz at 5.3/6.3 Kb/s (H.323)
G.729:3.4 kHz at8 Kb/s (H.323)
MPEG4 AAC (mono) 14 kHz at 64/96 Kb/s (H.323)
at 48 Kb/s (H.3ZO)
| inteqratcd Display
LCD 20"WidesceenTFT [ Interfacc
Aspect ratio _ 16:9 Video (for offline use only) Composite input, RGB input. D-Sub 15
Resoiution 1280X768WXGA1 Audio Extemal microphone input (Plug in power)
Brighlness 400 Cc!/m? (max.) Externa! headphone output [minJ-jack]
Response.. Less than 15 ms Audjo [for offline use only) Une Jnput (Stereo). RCA x 2. Une input (Stereo). minHack
Contrast ratio 500:1 NetworK 1QBase-T/1QQBase-TX Extemal ISDN Unit I/F
Viewinq anqle_ Greater than 160" DSBI/F DedicatedD-Sub15
Colore 16.7 million Memorv&tlck
| Graphics
XGA 1024 pixels x 768 unes (H.263), with PCSA-DSBlS
ne)( p; H.263)
Operatngjemperature 5 C to 35 -C
4GJF: Operatinq humdity 20% to 80%
Storage temperatura -20 "C to +60 'C
Sub screen size 4. 3" (256 x 192), Dneoffourcomers
Storage humdity 20% to 80%
| PieUire-and-Picture jlj^ Power Requlrements AC 120 V (UC),AC22QVlo 240 V (CE), 50/60 Hz
Main screen size 17.3" (1024x768)
Power Consumption DC19.5\7.7A
jjflb screen sze... Main Unit Dimensions [W x H x 0) 52Bx-J45x]1Dmm(2G7/n17Vax43faindiesl,exd.nfoEctons
RgnoleCommandcr Oimensions (W x H x D) 167.4 x 19 x 87.3 mm 16 */B x 3/i x 3 '/2 inches), exd. projectlons
Main Unit Mass 10kg(22lbslQ2)
RemoIffiGonmanderJvlass-.
H.320, H.323, H.221, Bonding, H.281 FECC
H.225.0, H.245, T.120
PCS-RTL50 Remota Commandor
j Networi Protocola
PCS-AC19V8ACAdaptor
TELNET (Server). HTTP (Servet). FTP (Server). SNMP (Agent) Manganese BaHery for Remote Commander x2
DNS (Client). DHCP (Cent), R[P/RTCP, TCP/UDP Operation Cuide
j Multipoint Capabilities Quick Operation Guide
Upto6sites(H.320/H.323)* Operation Manual CD-ROM
WorldwideWananty Card
* Requires oponal MCU software. IPASDNBridgngbpossaile.
** Requics oponal MOJ softwaia ComecttonsbctvcnbKCunit5mustbelP(H.323}. IP/ISDN aidging
ispossilc.
Distributed by 2004 Sony Corporation. All rights reservad.

Reproduction in whole or n part without written permission is prohibited.
Features and specifications are subj'ect lo change without notice.
All non-metrc weghts and measurements are approxmate.
Sony and Memory Stick are trademarks of Sony Corporation.
'MK1Q167V11W04SEP
Benefits Afull-featured, ntegrated video
Completely integrated - All-in-one video conferencing system for the executive
conferencng system includes camera,
j^,display, sereo speakers and microphones office and remote offices
Versatile display- BuIt-in 17" LCD fat
The Polycom VSX 30DD is a stylsh and compact video conferencing system that provides excellent video
screen with added ablty to act as a high
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ing soluton for executive suites and remote offices. As a fully integrated video conferencing system de
Superior, natural sound - Polycom ng powerful vdeo and audio performance, the Polycom VSX 3000 can also act as a PC display when n
StereoSurrouno delivers crisp, natural
voic clarity - ven when mltiples partis video cali -savng valuable desk space,
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dual channel, Siren 14 technology For executives, the Polycom VSX 3000 enables business-qualiy video conferencing direcly from their o
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vdeo at any bandwdth wih smooth tions, the Polycom VSX 3000 helps off-site pfofessionals such as regional sales representatives. For co
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Employs standard-based H.264 compres- investment or space required for a group video conferencing system, or the coninuous cost of travel.
sion and Pro-Motion video for optimal
viewing
The Polycom VSX 3000 offers TV-like video with H.264 video technology and near CD-quality audio with
.Multimedia made easy - Show high-res Polycom Siren 14 and the Polycom StereoSurround enables the delivery of high-qualty video conferenc
mages, movies or presentations in your over IP and ISDN ntworks. PC basd conten can be wirelessly added o a VSX 3000 conference cali u
meetings while also sharing video. And,
YQU can share PC conten cable-free using the PeopleiContent IP software opion. You can also add a small documen camera or VCR/DVO to dis
jffycom's unque People+Conten IP pictures or movie files during a conference. And no mater what kind of conten s sen, he conference
technoogy partcipans can see both the presentar and the conten simultaneously.
Mximum caling capacity-Optional

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embedded encryption, plus Web streaming Polycom has become the smar choice for organzations seeking a strategic advantage n a real-time wo
The Polycom Soluton - Everythng you
need to deploy and manage a complete
video conferencing network with Polycom
Global Management System, Polycom
PathNavigator, Polycom Conference
Suite and the Polycom MGC'M
POLYCO
1TU H.323 and K320 compilan! Networfc totorfacss Supported Picture In Pictute (PIP) (On/Off. Moveable) CoHaboratton Solutions
IPILAN.DSL, cable modem) Dual Monitor Emulation Peopte and Conten (PC, VCR/DVD,Doc cam) a
Barchwdlfi Single 10/1 00 Ement pon Numrica! men navigation always dsplayed simultaneousrV
Mximum Data Hato Ifi Up to 2 Mbps (lOMbps/IOOMbps/Aiito) (Similar to moble phone) People+Content IP [optional)
MaximumDataRatalSDN;LlptD512kbps Integrated Quad BRI (Basic Hato Interface) Date, Time Server accossiblity - Show conten from laptop/PC over IP netw
WirelesslANsuppoitviaEtbeinetprt Calendar and Confejence schedulng cormection
Video Standatds AleriSianalonhomepage - No resolution adjustment [equted on
H-261.ArmexD MeMnrtc Foaturas Do Not Dsturb [On/Off) pr esentcr's laptop/PC
H.263+Annexes:F,I,J,L,N,T S1P support (Sessionlntiation Protocol) VSX Web for temte monitoring - Supports CIF, SIF, 4CF. 4SIF, VGA. SVGA, X
H-263f+Annexes:W Integration with Cisco Systems*1 Cali Manager V4.0 display resolutions
H.264 Down speeding over IP and ISDN DiractorySetvtcas - Zoom control
IIU6f>fpsfL)!lscreen--PrD-Moton IPaddressconllictwaming 4,000 number global dfectory - Supports Windows* 2000 and Windows X
Fast Connect IP for quitk vdeo cormections 1.000+number local directory Web SUeaming in and out of a cal. RTP based
Fra Rates (Point-toftmt) Mximum cali lenflth digital timar Speed dial ist dispSaying vdeo buddy llst suitable wnh QuclTimB* players
Imelgentlyselectsframerateftvbest Auto SPID detecton and une number configuration Limtless multipoint entties dj'ustable bandwidth for conten
performance video MGC Click & Vew for individual screen layouts Liveaddressbookwth Polycom Global irectory -10% Conten, 90% People
30 fps at 5B kbns up tQ 2 Mbps Polycom QneDial ntelligent cali management Services aulomatlcally and qulckly updates -50% Conten, 50% People
Up EO 60 felds pe second - iip to 2Mbos attempts cali on preferred network (IP or ISDN) directory with addiess changas or new endponts 90% Conten, 10% Peopla
and automatically rolls over to secondary network Porycom Global Diiectory Services integrales with 1 ClosedCaption support through Web Interface
Video Inputs ifneeded Active DirectoryADAP
Integrated mato camera PalhNavirjator support for easy cali placement nnd DirecloryServerbacVup En the event Polycom language Support (12 languages)
I X Composite; RCA/Phono [Qocument camera, VCR network cost optimizalion Global Directory s not accessible Chnese (Simplifled), Chnese (Traditional), Eng
or second camera) TCP/1P. UDP/1P, HTP, DNS. WINS, OHCP. ARP, HTTP, Automatic ISDN locali:ation of calis FtencJi, Germn, I tallan, Japanese, Korean,
FTP.Telnet Norwegian, Portugueso, Spanish and Russian
Video formis Software Upgradeable Inveise Multiplexer [MUX) System Management - Documentaron translatons n all language
SNMP for enlerprise managemen - User Interface translatt'ons in all language
NTSC/PAL
kitemai Mutpoint [Optonal) Baseline mode settng for legacy system - Keypad audio dialing confirmation in all
Mixed protocol daling connects a total of four end- interoperablity languages
htegrated Man Camera
points (IP/lSDN/Serial) throitgh tiie interna! MCU Ojagnostics and software upgrades va PC, LAN - VSX Web translatons In all languages
60'fsldofvew
Dial-in/Dial-mit Calng IIP/ISDN] Integrated VSX Web for remte management - Remote controls abela) n all languages
TiltRange:+/-20'fUp/Oown)
PasswQrdproteetionfoflncominfl calis Web Director: Remote adrninstratof video monitor-
PanRange:+/-2a'(Left/Higln)
SupportsIPtelephones ng and conttol from VSX Web (enabled/disabled rc Monitor functkxiatitv
Total Red ofWew: IDO'
Automatic IP/lSDNdown speeding f rom endpont for secuilty) Alternativo use of display as PC monitor
Automatic white balance
SupportsPeopl&tContent^frornanyendpoint Out-of-box setup from VSX Web VGAnput[uploSXGA, 1280x1024)
Automatic exposuie control
(Notustthehostste] Place a cali from VSX Web VGAoutputaspass-throughofVGAinput
Voce Activated Switchng view current speaker Language ndependence between se-top interface Built-In stereo speakers for PC audio, with sep
People Video Resoluta)
Continuous Presence - sea all locations and VSX Web audio volume control from video conferencing
Pro-Motion faterlacod video (60/50 fields Mi-
Automatic Presentation switch between presenter System configufation from VSX Web functonaiity
sereen video for NTSC/PAL) - VCRVOoc cam oniy
and continuous presenco mode Recent Calis Log - Records iast 99 Incoming and Video cali audible indicaton when (ncoming ca
SIF (352x240)
MPkeyEnstallatonwhllelnacall outgoing calis during PC monitor use
CIF (352x2881
Audio add-in over 1SON Cali Detall Record (COR)- Reports B\l calis made
4StF.4CIF(VCR/occamonry)
Cascading for up to 10 conference participants {mx from the system along with cali statistics Efedcal
oflP/lSDN) CDR Feature On/Off Autosensingpowersupply
Conten Wdfio Resoluton
Downloadable COR data for processing requires no Operatingvoltage/power 90-250 VAC, 47-63 H
Send SIF.CIF, 4C1F.4SIF. VGA, SVGA, XGA mofu-
ConrerancflonOemand extemal management system
tionswitfi People+Content IP
Irttlates unscheduled MGC calis fiom The endpont Account number validation atcall nitlation inte- Emirannental SpBcifications
DIsplayup 10 4CIF resolucin
Utillzestha Polycom Office (Polycom grated with Polycorn Global Management System Operating Temporature: WG' C
PathNavigator and MGC) for billlng purposes Operating Humldity: 15-80%
Audio Sondante & Protucnls
Auto selects either the intemal or externa! brdge Administrator-configurable dialing speeds Non-OpefatmB Temperatuie: -40-70* C
Polycom StflreoSurround Ready
Dals all participants simultaneously Complete support for The Polycom Office Induding: Non-Operating Humidity (Non-condensing): 10-
14 VfabandwMth with Sira" 14 audio onlP.
- Polycom Global Management System
ISDN, and 1P/1SDN mixed calis
Security - Polycom OneDial Physkal Charactoristics
7kHzbandwidthwithG.722,G.722.1
Account validaton number entry - Polycom PathNaviflator Olmenslons [W/H/D): 17.orX20.25'X7.00B-
3,4kHibandwidth whhG.711.6.728, G.729A
SNMP Iiap notificaton o all falled logn attempts - Polycom Conference Sute 432mmX514.4mmX17Bfnm
fromHnP.FTPorTelnet -Polycom MGC WelghC 19.2lbs/8.7kg
AuduFeaUes
Secure password authentication
ISDN volee calis
Uniquefactorydefaultpasswords Quaty of Service and Etperience - iPorityw Wanarty
Full-duplex digital audio
Adminstrator password Video Erroi Concealment One-year return lo factory pars and labor
Instan! Adaptatlon Echo Cancellatlon
Dial-Jn meeting passwod Audio Error Concealment One-year software updates and upgrades
Automatic San Control (AGC) - Volee actvated
Encrypted password for VSX Web access Universa! Plug and Play [UPnP)
Automatic Noise Supprasson [ANS]
Built-n tonal speaker test mcropfiones
Ability 10 disable mixed protocol muliipoint calis IP Precdeme rroS)
Auto-Answer (On/Off) - Conffgurable video/audio/FECC service valu
Abilitytotalk over VCH audio
Allowacccsstousersettings(0n/0fl) DffServ[DSCP)(CQS)
RSVP
Aud Inputs
Erobedded E Dynamc BaridwidtJi Allocatron
Built'fa dual inlcrophones wi'th wde coverage rea
2XRCAstereoIineIevelforVCR
Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)
FIPS vadated by National Instituto of Standards
Proactive Network Monltoring
Packet and Jttet control
INTERNET
& Technology (NIST) ccrtified aaency Network Address Translaton (NATI support
TELEPHONY
AuoToQutputs
12B-bitkeylength Automatic NAT dlscovery
Built-in dual spoakers, with seprate audio voltime
AES software encryption on ISDN, IP Asymmetic speed control
control on video conerencing and PC monitor
(upto2Mbps) Altrnate Gatekeeper
functionalities
Standads-based H.235V3 [IP| TCP/UDPfixed-portfirewall support
Headphone n fiont panel (3.5 mm stereo min Jack]
. Standaids-basedH^33/H.234(!SDN) 1 Lp synchranzation
Auxiliary lina-level n back panel (3,5 mm stereo
Automatic kay generation and exchange ' Echo cancollation
mml jack)
SupportedinPeopIeiContent 1 Echo suppiBSSon
Supported In Point-to-Pont IP & ISDN S mixed 1 Auto gatekeepe discovery

Other ITU-Spported Standaids
multipolnt calis > Automatic gatewaydlalingprofiles
H2Z1 Communications
Specify outbound cali routinfl for gateway/lSON
H.224/H.Z81 far-end camera control
Usarlmorface
Annax Q standaid for FECC In H.323 calis
User-friendiyQraphicalinterface
H.225,H.245,H.239.H.241
Customizable home screen and colotthemes
H.231 n multpoint calis
Kioskmodowithscrollingmaiquee
H.243 MCU passwotd
Usei-selectable camera Icons and ling iones
H.233,HmH.235V3 AES encryption standards
SpeedDalUstonhomepage
Sonding, Moda 1
persisten! Preview (Far-sito PIP) on all scieens
CZOOS Patyxm. Inc. A!l righU reteivei

Polcara and Iha Patycont logo das'ign are legislarad Itadematis and MGC, Cfick & Vie\v. /W>o*7r PalhNsvJgaKi, Pofyt&n OneDial. Polfcom Office, Global Management Syste
PetfetConlenl. Smn. Polyam StareoSinrmivI and ifoty aie tradematts o( Polycom. he.
' POLYCOM* PorycomHeadquarters 4750 Willow Road, Pteasanton, CA 94588 fT) 1.800KXYCOM |7b^9266) for North America onry.
For North America, Latn America and Caribfaean (T) +1 525.924.6000, (F) 4-1.925.924.61 00
www.polycom.com
Polycom EMEA: 270 Sath Road, Slough, Berkshire ai 40X. (T) i44 (0)1783 723000, (F) i44 (0)1753 723010
Porycom Asa Pacific: Porycom Hong Kong Ltd. Rm 1101 MassMutual Tower, 38 Gloucesteroad, \toxhai, HorgKor^fJl 48512861.3113, (F)tB52.286a8028
Part No. 3726-17017-001 Bev,6/05

Benefts The world's most powerful set-top video
Superior, natural sound-Polycom conferencing system for mdium sized
^ StereoSurround delivers crisp, natural
jjjvoce clarity - even when mltiples parties groups and special applications.
"" are speaking simultaneously - by using
dual channel, Siren 14 technology The Polycom VSX 7QQQs offers flexibility, relablfy and a robust architecture for virtually any
meeting room, classroom, or mdium group envronment With a unique integrated sound system, the Polyc
Outstanding video -Premium quality VSX 7QOOs raises the bar for quality audio with patent pendng Polycom StereoSurround audio. During a v
video at any bandwidth with smooth conference, voices from far-end participants project in stereo. With dual speakers and dual microphones you
natural motion and sharp, clear images.
each speaker clearly, easily decipher mltiple simultaneos conversations and experence pur, rich sound.
Employs standard-based H.264 compres-
sion and Pro-Motion video for ptima!
In addition, the VSX 700Ds offers truly exceptonal vdeo with H.264 and elevison-like quality Pro-Motion
viewing
easy-to-use customizable user nterface, standard AES software encryption, touch panel integraion capabili
and voice add-on capabilities. The VSX 700Qs provides flexibility in any conferencing environment; you can
Multimedia made easy - Show high-res
between a VGA or TV monitor as your main display, choose your dialing method [IP/SIP/ISDN], and connec
images, moves or presentations in your
second camera or VCR o display pictures, movies or presentations to all conference participants. Wheneve
meetings while also sharing video. And,
you can share PC content cable-free using Content is displayed, whether it is coming from a PC, a document camera or from a DVD, the conference pa
Polycom's unque People+Content IP pants always see both the speaker and he content, for a seamless meeting experience. Por a complete con
technology ing solution, consider combining the VSX 7GQQs with the Polycom Meda Center soluion with a cholee of sin
dual LCD displays or plasmas, a quality cart and the world's best selling vdeo conferencing system.
Simpifed dialing and enhanced
performance - Intgrate the SoundStaton There are many optional features and components that can be added o the VSX 7QDDs to further enhance a
VTX10DO to launch video calis, capture soft video conference. Tremendous valu is added to the VSX 70DOs when combined with the SoundStation VTX
voices clearly from across trie entire room 1000, allowing the user to dial video calis right from their conference room as well as use the SoundStato
p StereoSurround and elimnate the need 1000 as the stereo microphone for the VSX 70QOs. This combnation saves conference table space (no mies
< microphones and wires wires are needed) as well as provides double the range of microphone pickup so that al! conference participa
are clearly heard, even In large rooms.
Complete soluton packages-Combine
the VSX 700Ds with any of Polycom's Another option that can be added o he VSX 7000s is the presenter package, induding Visual Concert and
attractive furniture display options to PeopleiContent IR Boh of these allow users lo display PC conten during the meeting; Visual Concert is
crate a total meeting room solution connect a laptop drecly to the VSX 7000s, while PeopIe-tConten IP is used to share PC conten wirelessly.
conten can nclude PowerPoin presenatons, movie files, audio files, pictures ordocuments. More options
The Polycom Solution - Everythng you ISDN capability, speaker kits, additional microphones and more - ail desgned o allow you o crate the pe
need to deployand manage a complete conferencing environment for your meeting room.
video conferencing network with Polycom
Global Management System, Polycom
The valu of the Polycom VSX 70QOs to access the power of Polycom unified collaborative
PathNavigator, Polycom Conference Communications solulions
Sute and the Polycom MGC
Wih the greates breadth and depth of integraed video, voice, and Web sofutions, only Polycom delv
the ultmate Communications experience. Our market-leading conferencing and collaboration technolog
suppored by world-class servce, enable people and organizations to maximize their effectiveness and
productivity. Add to ha the most experience and proven best-practices n the industry, and it's clear w
Polycom has become he smart cholee for organizations seekng a srategic advanage in a real-time w
POLYCO
Polycom VSX 7000s $|paicaa
1TU H 323 and H.3ZO compliant Auo Feattns MGCCMaVew1" for individual Usar IntBffaca Packet and Jlner control
Audioadd-inoverSoundStatQnVTX soeen layouts Usef-friendlygrapiicalrrterface Network Address Translation (NAT
BanAwfeh
1 000 omference phone Polycom OneDial1" intelligent cali man- Customfcablehomesaeenand support
Mximum Dala Rale IP and SeriaI/V.35:
1 Audio add-inover ISDN agement attempts cali on praferred net- color themes Automatic NAT discovery
Up lo 2 Mbps
Fulkuplex digital audio work (IP or ISDN) and automatlcally rolls Kioskmodewiihscrollingmarquee Asymmetric speed control
Mximum Data Rale ISDN:
1 InstantAdaptatlonEchoCancellation over to secondary network if needed User-selectable camera icons and Altrnate Gatekeeper Support
Upto2Mbps
1 Auiomatie Gain Control (AGC)-Voce Polycom PathNavigatDrsuppon for ring iones TCP/UDP fixed-pon frewal suppo
VWeo Standanh 4 Pratecnb activaied easy cali placement and network cost SpeedDIalUstonhomepage U'p synchronliation
H.2G1.AnnexO Automatic Noise Suppfession (ANS] optimliation Persstent FtevieW (Far-site P1P) on Echo cancellalion
R263+Annexes:F,U.LN.T Audio MixerlMic, VCR, ne-in) TCP/IP.UDP/lP.TP.ONS,WINS,DHCP. allscteens Echo supnression
R263ffAnnexes:W Buill-In tonal speaker test AP.HTTP. FTP.Telnet Picture In Picture IPIP) (On/Off. Auto galekeeper discovery
H.2G4 Real-time audio leve! meter for loca! and ChaircontrohhraugriAPlcommandor Moveable) Automatic gateway dialing profiles
ITUBO-fpsfullscreen-fto-Motlon far-end mcrophones Integrated Web Interface 1 Dual Monitor Emulatlon Spedfy crtJlboufxi cali routing for
amo Ratos Foirt-*fntJ 1 Mlcrophone and VCR lnput audio mix'mg Software Upgradeabla Inversa Numrica! men navigation (Similar gateway/ISDN
Intelligentlvselectsframeraieforbasi Ability lo talk over VCR audio MuItiplexer(IMUX) to mobile phone)
Conabcratton Solutions
AbilitYtotumofEehaCanceHatlon Date. Time Servef accessibllitv
performance video Interna! Mutpoiffi Feamras (Optxnan Peopla and Conten (PC. VCR/DVD
3Qfpsat56kbpsupto2Mbps when externa! audio equipment is used Calendar and Conference scheduting
Mixed protoco! dialing connects a lotal Doc cam) are afways displayed
60feldspersecondupto2Mbps Alen Signa I on home page
Auo hpute 3CcnofldDfs of four endpoints [IP/ISDN/Serial] simultaneously
Do Not Disturb (On/Off)
Vdeo hputs: Mata Camera 1 2 1 x Conference Link thraugh the interna! MCU Visual Coocen VSX (Audio and vid
VSX Web for remte monitoring
Coonectors Supports up to (3) mictophones Dial-in/Dial-out Calling [IP/lSDN/Setial] input frtxn PC or Macintosh") (Op
Supports SoundStation VTX JOOQ Passwordpratectionforlncoming calis Diractory Semas Ixaudioinputforlaptop
Integra ted maln camera
x S-Video; 4-pin mini DIN (document conference phone Supports IPtalephones 4,000 number global directory - 1 x VGA output for projector
camera or second camera) IxflCAInputforstereoorinonoInput Automatic IP/1SDN down speeding 1,000+numberIocaldirectDry -3 x 10/100 Elhernethub
txS-Video; 4-pin mini DIN (VCfi] fromVCfl Supports PeopIeiContent1*1'from any Speed dial list displaying video buddylist - Conten Inpuc 1280 x 1024.60
OedicatedcQnnectlonsfofVCR/DVD-R 1 IxBCAnputforstereoormonoinput endpoint (Nol usl the host site) mitless mum'point emries - Conten Output Up to 1024 x 7
playing and recording from externa! minar VoiceAdivaiedSwtdiing-view Uve address book with Polycom Global People+Content IP (Optlonal)
cuirent speaker Directory Services automatically and - Show conten from laptop/PC
RS-232 Data Porte 1 Conmctor AudioOulputs; 2 Comedn
ContinuousPresence-seeallIocations quickly updates directory with address network connection
2xRCA/Phono,UnaLevelDUtputfor
1 x 8-pin mini DIN AutomaticPresentation-switch changesornew endpoints - No resolutioo adj'ustment requ
- Control pon for custom integration VCR record
between presenter and continuis pres- Porycom Global Drectory Services Inte- pr esenter's laptop/PC
wtth (emole devices such as encemode grales with Active Directory/lDAP -SupoortsCIF.SIF,4CIF.4SIF.VG
Crestron* and AMX" control svstems 360" volee pick up, 4.B dB less reverber- MPkeyfnstallationwhileinacall Directory Servar backupin the event SVGA, XGA display resolutons
- Connectiviry for closed captoning ant than omnl microphone Audio add-InoverlSON Polycom Global Directory is not - 2oom control
teleiype device of PTZ control for Threecardioidelementspermicrophone Cascading for up to 10 conference partic- accessible - Suppons Windows" 2000 and
auxiliary PowwCam'" Rotatlonfeet reduce transmissionof Ipants [mix of IP/ISDN/Serial Video and Automatk ISDN localiation of calis Windows XP
- Communication pon for transmisin tabletop noise ISDN Audio)
Systan Management Adj'uslable bandwidth for conten
of sera! data (l.e. medical devices) Integrated route button
Ccnference on Demand -10% Conten, 90% People
over ISDN calis Baseline mode setting for legacy system
Optional Polycom CeIIng Mlcrophone - 50% Conten, 50% People
Initiates unscheduled MGC calis from Interoperafility
VWeo Outputs: 4 Comectots Arrayisavailable -90% Conten, 10% People
tfie endpoint SNMP for enterprisa management
IxS-Video; 4-pin minl DIN btegrated Spaator and Subwoofar Closed captoning support
Utilies The Polycom Office Diagnostics and software upgrades via
(Main monitor) Fiequencyresponse;BOHto22kHz Web Streaming in and out of a ca
fftolycom PathNavigator and MGC) PC, LAN
1 x S-Video (SecoreJ montorl DossovarfiequencytDsubwoofer: based, suitable with QuickTime' P
Autoselectseiihertheintemalor Integrated VSX Web management lool
1XVGA 216 H extemal brdge Web Director Remote administrator Fumtn soteons
(maln orsecond monitor dsplay) Total Output Power: 20 Wans(HMS) Dialsallparticipantssimultaneously video monitorng and control from VSX Media Cerner with audio system
lxS-vid8o(VCB) 1 Customlia audio for userenvirooment Web (enabled/diaabled from endpoint for Media Center
Securitv
VidaoFormats 1 Wastervolume control security] Media Can
COMSECtestedbyTitanSystBnu,
NTSC/PAL Midrangeandsubwooferspaakers Out-of-box setup from VSX Web Video Can
Information Security Systems Divisin,
Graphics: XGA, SVGA. VGA On/Off Place a cali from VSX Web WallMountSolutlon
and independentlyvaldated lo oprala
1 Subwoofer adjustable level Language independerse between set-top
bitegratod Man Camera w'rth approved govemment encryption language Support (12 languages)
Usei-tuned treble and bass controls interfaceandVSXWeb
U!tra-ttuiet,ultra-fastaction technologies Chnese (Simplified), Chnese
Ofter ITUSuppomd Slanoads System con%uration ftnm VSX Web
pan/llt/2oom pTZ| KG-19>1/K[V'7encrvptorsupportwiîon fjradm'onal). English, Fmnch, Germ
H.221 Communications Recent Calis Log - Records last 99
G5'fieldofview 1 screen and address book dialing Italian. Japanese, Korean, Norweg
H.224/H.281 far-end camera control incoming and outgong calis
TiltBange:+/.25*(Llp/Down) Enhanced ntegration for Independentfy Portuguese, usslan, Spanish
AnnexQ standard for FECC lnH.323 calis Cali Detall Record (COR) - Repon* all
Pan ange: +/ IDO' ILeft/RIght) certified, dassfied encryption devices - Documentation Iranslallons n
H.225.R245.H.241.H.331 ncoming and outgoing calis along with
TQt3lHeldofVJew:26S* Accountvalidationnumberemrv all languages
K.239People+Content cali statstics
1ZxZoom;f-4.2tQ42mm SNMPtrap notificaron ofallfailedlogin - Userinlerface tianslaibns ti
R231 mmuhipoint calis CDR feature On/Off
attempts from HTTP, FTP orTelnet all languages
H.243MCUpasswofd Downloadable CDR dala for processing
Autofocus Secura password authentication - Keypad audio dialing confirma
H.233. H.234, R235V3 encryption requires no extemal management system
Automatic white balance Uniquefactorydefaultpasswords all languages
siandards Account number validation at cali Initla-
Camera presis -local and far-end Adminisliatorpassword VSXWebtranslationsn
Bonding, Moda 1 tion ntegrated wlh Polycom Global
[upto99] Dal-n meeting password all languages
Management System for billing purposes
SlandaraVbased, far-end camera control Naftwrt htertacat Spportad EncryptedpasswordforVSXWebaccess - Remole controls labeled In
Administrator-configurable dialing
[FECC) !P (LAN, E)SL cable modem) Abili^ to disable remota Interfaces (Fifi all languagei
speeds
> Single 10/100 Ethernet port Telnet, HTTP. SNMP]
Paopte Video RasokJtoi Complete support for Trie Polycom Office Etectxal
HOMbps/lOOWbps/Auto) Abllity to disable mlxedprotoco! multl-
Pro-Motion Interlaced video (G0/50fialds nduding: Auio sensing power supply
Optional ISDN QBRI (Basic Bate polnt calis
full-screen video for NTSC/PAL] - Polycom Global Management Operating voltage/power 9&-2BQ V
Interface) Module Auto-AnswerlOn/Qff)
4SIF (704x480) System 47-63 H/BO watts
OptionalISDNFflUPiimaryRale Allowaccesstousefsanngs(0n/0ff)
4CIF 1704x576) - Polycom OneDial Bwonnontal SpeafkatioB
SIF|352x240) Interface) Module Ti/El Erobedded Enovption -Polycom PathNavigator
Optlonal Serial Module [V.35/BS-530/RS- Operating Tempefature: 0-40' C
CfF (352x288) Advanced Enoyption Standard (AES) - Polycom Conference Suite Operating Humidity: 15^0%
Choice of 42 or IB;9 display aspect 449 With S-366 diallna) RPSvaltdatedby National Instltute Polycom MGC Non-Operatlng Tempetaiure: -40-7
rallos Optional wireless LAN support via of Standards & Technology (NIST) - Polycom SoundStation VTX 1 000 Non-Operating Humidity (Non-cond
BisplayPeopleonsingleXGAmonitorar Ethernet port certified agency - Porycom Vortex" ing): 10-90%
second XGA Monitor 128-btkey length
Ouafty of Service and Esparienra - Riysical Charactaristics
S1P Support (Sassion Initlation ftotoco!) AES software encrypt'onon ISDN, !P and
Contant Vdeo ftesolulioo
Seral/V.3Supto2Mbps Video Base Unit (W/H/D):
XGA|1024x768),SVGA800x500], Intagration with Cisco Systems' Vdeo Error Corte aalment
CallManager Versin 4.0 Standards-based H.235V3 (IP) 11.B2V5.B3V9.63"
VGA (640 x 480) for graphlc display Audio Error Concealment
Down speeding over IP and ISDN Standarrfs-based R233A1.234 300^mm/ldemm/244.5mrn
PeopIevideosuppottforJClFandSIFon Universal Plug and Play (UPnPJ
(ISDN/Serial) Video Base Unit Welght 6.0 lbs/2.
seeond VGA display Audio S Video Error Concealment over IP. IPPreced&ncetJoS]
ISDN and mixed calis Automatic keygeneratlon and exchange SubwOD(er(W/H/0):B^V10.72-/B
Up to 4C!F for NTSC/PAL displays Configurable video/audio/FECC
IP address conlict waming Support ed n Peop I B+Content1" 175.2mm/272/lrmi/220mm
Auto Standanfa & ftotocds service valu Subwoofer Welghl: 9.0 lbs/4.08 kg
Fast Connecl IP for quick video SupportedinPoint-to-PotntlPEilSONS
Polycom StereoSurround leady DifServ(DSCPIICOS)
connectlons mi<ed multipoint calis Wafiantv
14 fcHi bandwidth [Polycom Slren 14) RSVP
Mximum cali length digital timar Dynamic Bandwidth AHocation One-yearretum to faaory parts an
7 kHz bandwidth wth G.722. G.72Z1
Auto SPIO detection and line number Proactive Network Monitoring labor
3.4 kHz bandwidth withG.711.G.72B. configuration One-year software updates and up
G.729A
OZOD5 Polvûn. Inc. Atl righU tes(ved.

tiie Po/ycom logo, SoitdSlalion VTX 1000 and forlexara regbterodtrddeinaits and VSX, PaltitJawgatO1'. Global Manag&nenl Srt&n. Slren, Pro-Mol!on. MGC, Cfct
Polycom QwDal. PeopletConlant. Iba Polyam Oifce, tority, WW Concart, PomiCam, Polycorn Conaionca SttitnandStBieoSumfite Iradematla oPotfcan, Inc.
All olher Ifadonarti ara Ihe propetlfol their respective mwets. Momtalion in ibis document is subjeel lo changa wilhout nolice.
POLYCOM' Polycom Headquarters: 4750 Willow fload. Pleasanton. CA 94588 (I) 1JOQPOLYCOM (7^9266) for North America onty
For North America. Latin America and Caribbean (T) +1.925.924.6000, (R -f1.925.924.6100
www.polycom.com
Polycom EMEA: 270 Bath Road, Slough, Berlcshra SL1 4DX, (T) i44 (0)1753 723000, (F) 444 (0)1753 723010
Polycom Asia Pacific ftr,amHarqtongUd,Rm110lMass^^
Pa!No.3726-!73S1-001 Rev.6/OS
The Alcatel 5620 OSS
Integraron Soluton
Automate Your Network,
Increase your Profitability
A R C H I T E C T S OF AN INTERNET WORLD
What s OSS ntegration?
OSS ntegraion refers to the mechanism by which an OSS

software application is combined with ofher applications into
the service provider network so that it can exchange informatio
and automatically perform OSS functions.
WHY DO YOU NEED
OSS NTEGRATION?
As a service provider, you are constan tly For data netvvorks managed by the Alcatel 5620
challenged by intense business pressures to Network Manager (NM), its integration with
deliver new services, and achieve shorter times OSS applicatons wi enable you to:
to market, faster return on investment and > Automate business services thus saving time
lower operations costs. and increasing accuracy
> Achieve faster time to market
To relieve ie pressure, you need to seek new > Lower operations costs
ways to support the delivery of the new services > Maximize he return on OSS investments
and automate business processes. Increasngly,
service providers are recognizing that Operations In networks managed by the Alcatel 5620 NM,
Support Systems (OSS) integration, wlch OSS applicatons interact wii the network
facilitates automation, is a key to competitive through toe Alcatel 5620 OSS interface modules,
survival. the Alcatel Simple Network Management
Protocol (SNMP) Trap Forwarder andtiie Alcatel
ccording to industry analyst RHK, "OSS enables Statistics Collector, enabUng fast, easy and cost
service providers to acliieve economies of scale, effective OSS integration.
oprate more effciently than their competitors
and be much inore profltable". RHK forceaste
thatworldwide carrierspending on OSS wi
increase to U.S. $49.6 billion by 2005, from
$33.6 blion in 2002.
AlCATEL I
NTFGRATION SQLUTION
The Alcatel 5620 OSS Integration solution has The Alcatel solution staiids apart n the inark
three componente: place i iat it:
> Alcatel 5620 OSS Jjlterface Modules includng > Is carrier class, standards-based and scalab
the SNMP Trap Forwarder and Statistics > Is precertfied
Collector > Evolves technologicaUy to match network
> Alcatel 5620 OSS Developer Support Services evoluton
> Alcatel ConnectedPartnerProgram > Includespredefinedinterfaces
> Confcinuously bulds strategic partnershps
with Independent Software Vendors (ISVs)
1 ALCATEL
Figure 1 shows the relatonshp between OSS during the integration process is offered at
ISV applications, the Alcatel 5620 OSS interfaces u'ee levis, depending on your need:
and tiie Alcatel 5620 NM. > A "self-serve" option thafc includes a
Development Kit contaning development
Alcatel s the only equipment vendor offering a licenses for OSS interfaces
complete solution to faciltate the integration of > A Developer Support Services opton iat adds
its industry leading network inanageinent product integration coaching assistance and explains
ie Alcatel 5620 NM with an OSS how to use the OSS interfaces in an OSS
application. application
> System Integration expertise that can offer
OSS interfaces, the SNMP Trap Forwarder and full OSS turnkey projects and solution packs
the Statstics Collector, enable OSS applicatons
to interwork with the Alcatel 5620 NM. Support
Figure 1: The Alcatel 5620 NM Portfolio
Service Management jû.' Network Management i^jl Open Interface Gateway |^H Third-Parly Software
Open Inferface . Infernal Inferface
ALCATEL
THE SOLUTION
COMPONENTS
The following producs and services are nduded Alcatel 5620 CORBA Module
The Alete! 5020 OSS
in the Alcatel 5620 OSS Integraron soluton: Trie Alcatel 5620 CORBA is a common object
Interface Modules
operx he door to request broker architecture (CORBA)/Joint
numerous OSS Alcatel 5620 OSS Interfaces nter Domain Management (JIDM)-complant
nfegration opporu-
Aicatet 5620 CMIP Module OSS interface.
nties, enablng service
providers to delver
The Alcatel 5620 CMIP is a common
sophisti caled services management information protocol services/ Alcatel 5620 SNMP Trap Forwarder
based on flow-lhrough Teleconuminications Management Network- The Alcatel 5620 Simple Network Managemen
operations.
compliant OSS interface. Protocol (SNMP) Trap Forwarder is part of th
Alcatel 5620 NM. Although it is not sold as a
seprate product, in some cases OSS develop
need to use the SNMP Trap Forwarder for ala
ntegration For s reason, we recommend t
purchase of ie Alcatel 5620 NM SNMP Trap
Interface Developer Support Package.
> 4 ALCATEL
Statistcs Collector Key Benefits
Qfckly and cosf-
The Alcatel Statstics Collector is part of the > Bnabletheautomationofyourbusiness effeclively provisin
Alcatel 5620 NM. Although it is not sold as a sep- processes connedons, and
rate product, in some cases OSS developers need > Enable an OSS applicaon to interoperate soale and manage
nefwork problmns
to use this product fot statstcs collection. For with an Alcatel 5620 NM-managed network
across on Alcaiel
this reason, we recommend the purcliase of the > AIIow an OSS applicaon to perform network.
Statistcs Collector Developer Support Package. operations such as connection management
autoination, surveiliance, alann management,
Figure 2 shows the management functions inventory managenient and test management
that can be performed across the Alcatel 5620 across an Alcatel network
CMIP and Alcatel 5620 CORBA interfaces.
Figure 2: Management Functions
Alariris and Evenls
Seivicc Ptavisioning
Inventor/, Status and Topology
Activaari of Stastcs Collection

Ser/ice Pw/idcr
Test Kequests OSS
5020 NM
ALCATEL
lcatel 5620 OSS Key Benefits
Our modular
combination of Developer Support Services > Provide knowledge and assistance tiat
nferfaces, developer
The success of an OSS integraron project reduces the overall development effort of
supporf sen/ices,
system integrafion depends on having access to the appropriate ntegrating the OSS application wifh the
services and parlners
resources and experse. lcatel 5620 NM
allows us to help you
design the OSS > Minimize tiine to market of the integrated
integraton soluton
thaf besf suih your
Developer Support Services help cise the gap soluon
needs. between the existng resources and expertse > Faciltate optimal use of ie nterface to hel
levis of OSS integrators and what is required ensure your business requiremenfs are met
for successful delivery. If you are ntegrating an and quaity is improved
OSS application with the lcatel 5620 NM using > Support the OSS integraton project
ie lcatel 5620 OSS nterface modules, we throughout from requirements analysis
recommend that you purchase a Developer to user acceptance tesng
Support Package. The package provides design
Consulting services and technical support
services to assist the integraton process.
> 6 ALCATEL
Alcatel Connected Key Benefts
Partner Program If you are deploying OSS applicatons that
Tlie Alcatel Connected Partner Program is a intgrate into an Alcatel 5620 NM environment,
selectivo partnering program with best-of-breed the Alcatel Connected program offers
ISV OSS applicatons that enables interoperable, numerous benelts:
precertied solutions for your Alcatel 5620 > Providinginvestmentsecurity tluough
NM-managed data network. You benefit from tile ongoing relationship between Alcatel
interoperable applicatons that fulfill yoiir and our partners
Operational Support Systems requirements, > Reducing ie cycle time forvendorselecton
allowing you to crate a variey of new, > Providing services more quickly
profltable services rapidly and with confdence. > Acceleratng tune to Return on Investment (EOl)
Alcatel and its partners work on a proactve > Allowing you to build an OSS soluton witli
bass to provide relase interoperabilify. ie confldence of interoperability
> Eliminating ie need for expensive rd-party
The program provides support for ISVs. ISVs System Integrators to acleve OSS interoper-
in turn support your ablity to deliver new ability, since integraton is completed and
services. If you havenotyetidentifieda certified by Alcatel before it is rolled out
preferred ISV OSS applicaton, the choice in to yon
the marketplace can be staggering, partcularly
among service conguration and survellance
OSS. The Acatel Connected Partner Program
makes your choice easier.
ALCATEL 7
THE REAL WORLD: HOW OSS INTEGRATION IMPROVES
DSL SE
Figure 3 shows how automation, enabled by DSL servce coniguraton automated through
the Alcatel 5620 OSS interfaces, can Improve OSS interfaces (2 seconds) is significany fas
DSL servce activation- than manual conguraon through the CRAFT
interface (285 seconds). Assumption: the GO
Alcatel conducted a test in its Jabs on March 7, is equlpped with an Advanced Services Acces
2002. In this test, Alcatel measured the time Manager (SAM) and. the copper is good.
needed to configure a digital subscriber jine
(DSL) service direct to the modem manually Time savings is just one of ie rnany advantag
using a CRAFT interface and ie Alcatel 5620 Using OSS applications virtually eHminates
NM, compared to an automated service errors iat nonnally accompany manual
configuration method, specicaly, ie OSS configuration.
interfiaces.
Figure 3: Automation Can Improve DSL Servce Activaiion
CPE
7300 ASAM 7^70 MSP 7470 MSP 7411 B
(Edgc) (Core)
Manual ConfiguraHon CRAFT |nterfae:.;;.-;:"--.'. ';;
285 seconds
Manuqt Gonfiguration 5620 NM
ulrridled Corifiguratlon OSS Infrface -"-
2 seconds
> 8 ALCATEL
THE BOTTOM I ME
Telecommunicatons professionals and analysts Our OSS interfaces provide carrer class,
agree iat service providers must rely on OSS standards-based, scalable CMIP and CORBA
automation to survive n today's markeL The open interfaces.
multtude of OSS offerings by the many system
integrators (Sis) and ISVs can be overwlielnng, Our Developcr Support Services faciltate
and ifc can be difficult for service providers to OSS ntegration, reduce tme to deployment,
confideny assess the qiiality and reliability of reduce cost and risk of integration, and increase
ie varioiis offerings. qualiy of integraton.
lcatel makes choosing the most appropriate Our Alcatel Connected Partner Program is
ISV much easier. lcatel's 5G20 OSS Integraon unique in the industry, and offers precertified
solution enables you to easily intgrate yonr OSS Solutions, complemented by the strategic use
busness processes witli datanetworks managed of ISVpartners.
by the Alcatel 5620 Network Manager.
ALCATEL 9
Acterna's Broadband
Highlights:
- Active cali generatjonforproacve
detection ofpraWems
IP Service Assurance
- Passivecallmonitoringfor Ensuring VolP service quality and
accurate time-ot-day problem
analysis network performance
NetCoraplete
- DetailedRFactorandMOSscoring
Decreasngaveragerevenueperunt(ARPUJforlegacyvoce
for solating and evaluating
sen/ices, dueto competitionfromnew VolP servces, and
mpainnents
increaslngoperational costs, due to service and network
- GomprehensivENEandOiK
compexity, have significantty mpacted the need to maxi-
interface suppocts easy moniloring
mize VolP pro fita bility. The rapIdlygrowingVolPmarket
of critica! metrics and rapd
expandsservlcecomplexityandnetworlcscale, requiring
problem solation
effective and proactve performance managementto ensu re
- OMhe-shelf problem navigation
adequatevoice quality and henee, customerretention.
scenaros ailowforeffident
Service provders are increasingly lookingto operational
problem detection and analysis
supportsystems (OSSs) to consolidateservice and network
- 100%Web-enab)edGUIminimizes
visibility and provide concise problem detection and
iraining requirements and
isolation analysis capabilities.
maximzes operationa! efTidency
- Modularcomponentscanbe
Actema's NetOptimze is a powerfut operatonalsupport
leveraged across muftipleSAS
system, and as partofActema'sNetCompleteService
applications and solutioos,
AssuranceSoluton(SAS),itresidesatthecoreofasuccess- Fgure 1: NetOptimze Performance Managem
reducing costs and rrcjeasing
futservice assu ranee strategy. Byprovidingcomprehensve
consistency
VolP service and network visibility va a simple, common,
- Acamer-class performance
and intuitiva graphcalusernterface(GUO, NetOptimze
management OSS wth a iulry
enableseffTcfentand proactve performance management,
scalea ble arch'rtecture keeps pace
acriticalcomponentintheoverallservicetifecyclemodel.
wth network growth and protects
yourinvestment
To providevisibflityintoVoIPservice performance
problems, NetOptimize'sConnectionsManagerallows
service providers to setup a matrix of active "test" calis
throughoutthe networkn orderto measureservice quality
on a 24/7 basis. For detailed quality "studes", the same
testheads can be usedto perform passve montoringof
particuIarnetworklnksorcustomertrafrTc.Forvsibilityinto
network performance issues, NetOptimze nterfaces wth a
numberofnetworkelements and element management
systemsviaalibraryofoff-the-shelfnetworkequipment
modules (NEMs),
Figure 2: HetOptimize Service Visibility
ACT
Ccmm
UCa
Service Visibility
ByutizingActemaQT-OOtestheadsdistributedthroughoutthenetworkandconnectedatkey
aggregaton points, NetOptimize can perform "active" monitoringofVolP cali quality. Bydefnngtest
connections between the test heads, service providers can verify voice quality thresholds, orservice
levelobjectives(SLOs),on a contnualbasis.Th ese SLOs define servce-levelkey performance
indicators (KPIs) and key quality indicators (KQls), which are chosen to match service levelspecifica-
tons (SLSs). Individual customerservice levelagreements (SLAs) arethen derived from theSLSs. For
example, voice quaty mean opinin scores (MOS) are banded into good, fair, poor, and unacceptable
categories.
Because active cali monitoring provides a constantand determinsticmethodofmeasuringnetwork

VolP cali quality thatis independentof actual cali loadingand dispersin, NetOptimize can alertusers
to impendingservice problems. NetOptmize's pre-configured reportnavigation scenanosguide users
throughcommonproblem"signature"areassothatgenericorcustomer-specificissuesaredentifed
and isolated, allowing preventative maintenance remedies to be appled quickiy and effectively.
To isolate ntermittent problems, NetOptimize's Connections Managercan be used to configure passive

monitoringontheQT-600testheadformoretime-sensitiveanalysisofthenetworklinkoraspeciRc
customerJstraffTc.AddItionalty, incombination with NetOptimize's network visibility capabilities, users
may be guided to networkperformance analysis reports that can highlghtsystemic networkproblems
as the root cause ofpoorVoIP qualityof service (QoS).
Network Visibility
NetOptimize collects detailed performance metrics from a wide variety ofVolP and data network
elements, applyingthem againstthresholds and comparingthem to forecasted trends. Default pre-
configured thresholds, ornetworklevelobjectives (NLOs), forthese detailed measurements are
supplied, hutthey can be customzedto match individual service providerrequirements.These NLOs
deRne KPIs and KQls chosen specifically to match and mantan the performance of predicted traffic
loads across a wide breadth of VolP sen/ices and customertypes.
NetOptimize automatically aggregates and computes the KPI/KQI vales to enable proactive detecton of
performan ce degradation so that preventative measures can be takenbeforeservce quality saffected.
Network-level KPI/KQls may also indcate systemic networkproblems, which when compared to service-
level metrics from the Actema QT-600 test heads tum outto be the root cause ofservice problems.
Bycombiningbothnetworkand service visibility applications with NetOptimize, service providers can

ncreasetheirVoiPservice quality, retaincustomers, andprotecttherprofitmargins.
ServerRequirements Client Requrements

PfatformssupportehSun Solaris 8,9 Web Browsers;
DatabasesupportediOrade 9i Microsoft* Internet Explorer versin 5.5 SP2, 6 SP1/2
NetOptimize scales from a single uni-processorserverto Netscape* 7.1/7.2
a dstributed environrnent with multi-CPU clustered servers. Opera tng Systems:
ContactyourActema sales representativefordetails of Microsoft Wmdows*NT 4.0,98SE. 2000 SP4.XP Profesional
hardwa re requirementsto match yourapplication. SPl/SPlaySP2
North America Latin America Europe. Mddle East & - For n;c;e inlormat1:
Cn Miesne Cen'er Court ActernidoBrastILtda. frica Arterna's test ana
Gcrmant'.'Ji. f.aryland
203/5-7103
.si Acterna.com
USA 72800 Eningan i!.A.
Til) Free: 1 85^ ACTERfiA SP-Brazil Germn y
Toll Free: 1 665 223 3752 TeL +33 I I 5503 3300 Hong Koitg Tel:+49 7121 86 2222
Tei: T 852 2S92 0930 Fa>:--97121 85 \
Fai:*l 531 303 9216 Fa*:+S52 2892 0770
i
CALCULO DELFSR
Salario Nominal Salario Nomina! Dcimo Dcimo Salario Factor de

Diario Mensual Tercer Cuarto IESS Subtotal F. M. Real Diario Salario Real
Unificado(SNDU) Unfficado(SNMU) Sueldo Sueldo (SRD) (FSR)
33,33 1.000,00 2,78 0,42 6,82 43,35 1,553 67,32 2,019
20,00 600,00 1,67 0,42 4,09 26,18 1,553 40,65 2,032
13,33 400,00 1,11 0,42 2,73 17,59 1,553 27,32 2,049

i
i
SNDU: SNMU/30
Dcimo Tercer Sueldo: SNMU/360
Dcimo Cuarto Sueldo: Salario mnimo vital/360
IESS: (0.1215*SNMU+SNMU/12)/30
SUBTOTAL: SNDU + Dcimo Tercer Sueldo + Dcimo Cuarto Sueldo + IESS
F.M. :365/(365~130)
SRD: SUBTOTAL*F.M.
FSR: SRD/SNDU
Ministerio de Trabajo y Êmpe
ACUERDO No.000123
DOCTOR RAL IZURIETA MORA BOWEN

MINISTRO DE TRABAJO Y EMPLEO
CONSIDERANDO:
Que es deber del Ministerio de Trabajo y Empleo fijar las remuneraciones

mnimas sectoriales y/o tarifas mnimas legales sobre la base de lo
dispuesto en el Acuerdo Ministerial 000028 expedido ei 7 de marzo del
2005;
En uso de las atribuciones que le confiere el artculo 179 numeral 6 de la

Constitucin Poltica de la Repblica del Ecuador:
ACUERDA
Art. 1.- A partir del 1 de enero del 2005, fijar las remuneraciones mnimas
sectoriales y/o tarifas mnimas legales, a nivel nacional, que recibirn los
trabajadores protegidos por el Cdigo del Trabajo que laboran en la rama o
actividad econmica de: EMPRESAS DE GUARDIANIA Y SEGURIDAD
PRIVADA, Y OTROS SERVICIOS DE VIGILANCIA, de acuerdo a lo siguiente:
osos EMPRESAS DE GUARDIANIA Y SEGURIDAD PRIVADA, Y

OTROS SERVICIOS DE VIGILANCIA
CDIGO ESTRUCTURA OCUPACIONAL REMUNERACIN

SECTORIAL
1Ene.2005
GUARDIAS O SEGURIDAD FSICA
0808010005 GUARDIANIA Y DEMS PERSONAS QUE REALIZAN 155,84

FUNCIONES DE SEGURIDAD PARA PERSONAS NATURALES 0
JURDICAS, PORTANDO ARMAS O NO
SEGURIDAD MVIL O TRANSPORTE DE VALORES
0808020006 TRIPULANTE RECOLECTOR 156,13

0808020007 TRIPULANTE DE SEGURIDAD 156,13
MTE-000123-1
Ministerio de trabajo y Empleo
ACUERDO No.000123
0808020008 TRIPULANTE CHOFER 156,53

0808020009 TRIPULANTE JEFE DE VEHCULO 156,88
0808020010 INVESTIGADOR 157,40
080802001 1 SUPERVISOR 157,00
0808020012 JEFE DE RUTAS 158,91
0808020013 JEFE DE OPERACIONES 158,77
0808020014 INSTRUCTO 161,40
SEGURIDAD ELECTRNICA
0808030006 INSTALADOR 157,11

0808030007 INVESTIGADOR 157,40
0808030008 SUPERVISOR 158,27
0808030009 JEFE DE OPERACIONES 159,84
0808030010 INSTRUCTOR 161,40
SERVICIO DE RONDA O SERENO Y GUACHIMANIA
0808040012 RONDA 0 SERENO 155,84

0808040013 GUACHI MAN 155,84
Art.2.- Para las ocupaciones o puestos de trabajo de este sector que no

consten en la estructura ocupacional antes transcrita, las remuneraciones
mnimas sectoriales y/o tarifas mnimas legales en ningn caso podrn ser
inferiores a las de menor valor establecida en la tabla anterior.
Art. 3.- El incumplimiento e inobservancia de esta obligacin patronal, ser

sancionada de conformidad con lo dispuesto en el artculo 626 y siguientes
del Cdigo del Trabajo.
El presente Acuerdo entrar en vigencia en forma inmediata sin perjuicio de

su publicacin en ei Registro Oficial.
Dado en Quito, Distrito Metropolitano a los diez das del mes de Marzo del
2005.
Dr. Ral Izurieta Mora Bowen

MTE-000123-2
Ministerio de trabajo y <Emp(eo
ACUERDO No.000129

CONSIDERANDO:

mnimas sectoriales y/o tarifas mnimas legales sobre la base de lo dispuesto
en el Acuerdo Ministerial 000028 expedido el 7 de marzo del 2005;

ACUERDA
actividad econmica de: TRABAJADORES SOCIALES, de acuerdo a lo
siguiente:
0812 TRABAJADORES SOCIALES

SECTORIAL
1Ene.2005
0812000001 TRABAJADOR SOCIAL 1: TITULO DE TRABAJADOR SOCIAL O 177,63
LICENCIADO EN SERVICIO SOCIAL, CARNE DE AFILIACIN
ACTUALIZADO EMITIDO POR EL COLEGIO DE TRABAJADORES
SOCIALES. EXPERIENCIA PROFESIONAL DE HASTA 5 AOS EN
LA EMPRESA 0 ENTIDAD.
0812000002 TRABAJADOR SOCIAL 2; TITULO DE TRABAJADOR SOCIAL 0 184,01
SOCIALES. EXPERIENCIA PROFESIONAL DE MAS DE 5 AOS
HASTA 10 AOS EN LA EMPRESA O ENTIDAD, CURSOS DE CA

SOCIALES. EXPERIENCIA PROFESIONAL DE MAS DE 1 0 AOS
HASTA 15 AOS EN LA EMPRESA O ENTIDAD, CURSOS DE C

SOCIALES. EXPERIENCIA PROFESIONAL DE MAS DE 15 AOS
EN LA EMPRESA O ENTIDAD, CURSOS DE CAPACITACIN E
MTE-000129-1
Ministerio de Trabajo y <Emp[eo
ACUERDO No.000129


sancionada de conformidad con lo dispuesto en el artculo 626 y siguientes del
Cdigo del Trabajo.
El presente Acuerdo entrar e vigencia en forma inmediata sin perjuicio de su

publicacin en el Registro Oficial.
2005.

MTE-Q00129-2
Ministerio de TraBajoy Empleo
ACUERDO No.000115

CONSIDERANDO:


ACUERDA
actividad econmica de: TCNICOS EN TELECOMUNICACIONES, de acuerdo a
lo siguiente:
0710 TCNICOS EN TELECOMUNICACIONES

SECTORIAL
1Ene.2005
REA OPERATIVA
0710000101 ANOTADOR 172,76
0710000102 MENSAJERO DE TELECOMUNICACIONES 171,08
0710000103 TELEIMPRESORISTA U OPERADOR DETELEX 176,01
0710000104 OPERADOR DE TELEFONA NACIONAL, CABINAS, SUCURSALES 172,76

Y/O CENTROS DE LLAMADAS
0710000105 OPERADOR DE TELEFONA INTERNACIONAL BILINGE 176,01
0710000106 RADIOTELEGRAFISTA Y/O RADIOTELEFONISTA 176,01
0710000107 OPERADOR DE COMPUTACIN 176,01
MTE-000115 -1
Ministerio de ^raBajoy Empleo
ACUERDO No.000115
0710000108 SUPERVISOR DE TELEFONA 191,54
0710000109 SUPERVISOR DE TELEX Y/O TELEGRAFA 191,54
0710000110 SUPERVISOR DE COMPUTACIN 191,54
0710000111 SUPERVISOR GENERAL DE TELECOMUNICACIONES, O 199,52

RADIOTELEGRAFISTA SUPERVISOR.
REA TCNICA
0710000201 AYUDANTE DE INSTALACIN 171,08
0710000202 CANALIZADOR 171,08
0710000203 ASISTENTE DE TELECOMUNICACIONES 176,01
0710000204 TCNICO DE PLANTA EXTERNA, CABLISTA Y/O INSTALADOR 176,01
0710000205 TCNICO DE REDES TELEFNICAS 176,01
0710000206 TCNICO DE TRANSMISIONES 176,01
0710000207 TCNICO DE CENTRALES TELEFNICAS 176,01
0710000208 TCNICO DE SISTEMAS DE TELECOMUNICACIONES Y/O 191,54

TECNOLOGO DE TELECOMUNICACIONES Y/O TCNICO DE
PRUEBA EN TELECOMUNICACIONES
0710000209 SUPERVISOR DE REDES TELEFNICAS 191,54
0710000210 SUPERVISOR DE TRANSMISIONES 191,54
0710000211 SUPERVISOR DE CENTRALES TELEFNICAS Y/O SUPERVISOR 191,54

DE SWITCH
0710000212 SUPERVISOR DE PLANTA EXTERNA 191,54
0710000213 ESPECIALISTA DE TELECOMUNICACIONES 191,54
0710000214 PROFESIONAL DE TELECOMUNICACIONES ( TITULO 207,67

PROFESIONAL UNIVERSITARIO )
0710000215 DIRECTOR DE TELECOMUNICACIONES O JEFE DE REA. 248,26
a) Para las empresas privadas, cuyos trabajadores estn amparados por el Cdigo
del Trabajo y que cumplan funciones de Supervisin en telefona internacional, el
empleador podr considerar la incorporacin de dicho puesto en sus propias escalas
salariales
MTE-000115 -2
Ministerio de TraBajoy Empleo
ACUERDO No.000115
b) Para los profesionales de telecomunicaciones que se encuentran amparados por

leyes de Escalafn, se acogern a los salarios fijados en las mismas, siempre y
cuando no sean inferiores ai sueldo establecido en el Art. 1 de este Acuerdo.
c) Fijar la jornada ordinaria de trabajo de ios Profesionales Operadores y
Supervisores de Telefona del Ecuador, en cuatro horas diarias, incluido el receso
respectivo, siempre y cuando tales personas realicen las funciones correspondientes
a estos puestos de trabajo que constan en el Art. 1a del presente Acuerdo. El
trabajo realizado en jornadas nocturnas, comprendido entre las 19HOO y las 6HOO,
ser pagado con el 25% de recargo; y el trabajo ejecutado durante sbados,
domingos y dems das de descanso obligatorio, ser pagado con el 100% de
recargo.
Fijar la jomada ordinaria de trabajo de los Profesionales Operadores en el rea de

informtica, cuyas fundones estn destinadas al trabajo permanente y exclusivo en
computadores, digitacin, control de calidad y terminales, en seis horas diarias,
incluido el receso respectivo.
En las entidades o empresas donde existan estos puestos de trabajo vinculados con
el rea de telecomunicaciones que se especifican en los numerales anteriores, se
elaborarn los turnos estableciendo la jornada contenida en este artculo.
d) Las jornadas de trabajo anteriormente establecidas con un horario inferior al

determinado en todo el literal c), deber mantenerse sin modificacin alguna.


Cdigo del Trabajo.
El presente Acuerdo entrar en vigencia en forma inmediata sin perjuicio de su

publicacin en el Registro Oficia!.
2005

MTE-OQ0115 -3
Ministerio efe TraBajoy Êmpeo
ACUERDO No.000127

CONSIDERANDO:
Que es deber de! Ministerio de Trabajo y Empleo fijar las remuneraciones


ACUERDA
trabajadores protegidos por ei Cdigo del Trabajo que laboran en la rama o
actividad econmica de: SERVICIOS GENERALES: CONSERJERA, PORTERA
Y LIMPIEZA, de acuerdo a lo siguiente:
0808 SERVICIOS GENERALES: CONSERJERA, PORTERA, Y LIMPIEZA

SECTORIAL
1 "Ene. 2005
NIVEL 1
0808040011 ADMINISTRADOR 162,15

0808040009 JEFE DE MANTENIMIENTO 159,26
NIVEL 2
0808040002 CONSERJE 155,37

0808040003 PORTERO 155,37
0808040004 MENSAJERO 155,37
0808040014 AUXILIAR DE LIMPIEZA 155,02
MTE-OG0127-1
Ministerio de trabajo y fcmpeo
ACUERDO No.000127


Cdigo del Trabajo.

2005.

MTE-G 00127-2
Ministerio de trabajo y <Emp[eo
ACUERDO No.000126

CONSIDERANDO:


ACUERDA
actividad econmica de: SECRETARIAS, de acuerdo a lo siguiente:
0811 SECRETARIAS

SECTORIAL
1Ene.2005
0811000001 SECRETARIA RECEPCIONISTA 159,78
0811000002 SECRETARIA TAQUIMECANGRAFA 163,78
0811000003 SECRETARIA CONTABLE 166,15
0811000004 SECRETARIA BILINGE 174,27
0811000005 SECRETARIA EJECUTIVA 177,81
Art,2.- Para las ocupaciones o puestos de trabajo de este sector que no

consten en la estructura ocupacionai antes transcrita, las remuneraciones
MTE-000126-1
Ministerio de trabajo y Empleo
ACUERDO No.000126

Cdigo del Trabajo.

2005.

MTE-000126-2
Ministerio de trabajo y <Empko
ACUERDO No.000121

CONSIDERANDO:
Que es deber de! Ministerio de Trabajo y Empleo fijar las remuneraciones


Constitucin Poltica de la Repblica del Ecuador;
ACUERDA
actividad econmica de: CONTADORES, ASISTENTES, AUXILIARES Y/O
AYUDANTES DE CONATBILIDAD, de acuerdo a lo siguiente:
0806 CONTADORES, ASISTENTES, AUXILIARES Y/O AYUDANTES DE

CONTABILIDAD

SECTORIAL
1Ene.2Q05
0806000001 AUXILIAR O AYUDANTE DE CONTABILIDAD 1 (CON TITULO DE BACHILLER EN
CONTABILIDAD)
0806000002 AUXILIAR O AYUDANTE DE CONTABILIDAD 2 (CON TITULO DE 166,97
BACHILLER EN CONTABILIDAD Y 2 AOS DE EXPERIENCIA)
0806000003 ASISTENTE DE CONTABILIDAD (CON TITULO DE BACHILLER EN 169,34

CONTABILIDAD Y 5 AOS DE EXPERIENCIA)
0806000004 CONTADOR (CON TITUTLO DE BACHILLER EN CONTABILIDAD 177,11

Y 2 AOS DE EXPERIENCIA EN LABORES COMO ASISTENTE DE
CONTABILIDAD)
Se excluye de esta tabla los sueldos del personal directivo y ejecutivo, tales
como: Auditores, Contralores, Jefes de Contabilidad, Contadores Pblicos
autorizados, Comisarios y otros equivalentes dentro del sector privado, los
mismos que se sujetarn a I
En los casos en los que no se labore la jornada ordinaria completa, se pagar la

proporcin correspondiente, de acuerdo al tiempo de trabajo.
MTE-000121 -1
Ministerio de TraBajoy
ACUERDO No.000121


Cdigo del Trabajo.

2005
Dr, Ral Izurieta Mora Bowen

MTE-OO121-2

Escuela Politécnica Nacional: Escuela de Ingeniería

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ESCUELA POLITCNICA NACIONAL

PROYECTO PREVIO A LA OBTENCIN DEL TTULO DE INGENIERO EN

YAHAIRA ISOLINA BENITEZ MOREJN

DIRECTOR: ING. PATRICIO ORTEGA

QUITO, Junio 2006

Nosotros, Yahaira Isolina Bentez Morejn y Herminia de los ngeles Duque

A travs de la presente declaracin cedemos nuestros derechos de propiedad

Herminia de los Angeles Duque Oa

Dedjeo;,ste ^trabajo a tres personas muy importantes en mi vida a mis padres

A MIS PADRES quienes me brindaron siempre su apoyo incondicional y gracias a

A MIS HERMANAS por el estmulo emocional y moral en todo momento de mi

A MIS CUADOS, SOBRINOS y SOBRINAS por su apoyo.

HERMINIA DE LOS ANGELES

CARACTERSTICAS GENERALES DE PETROECUADORYSUS FILIALES

ANLISIS Y DIAGNSTICO DE LAS REDES DE TELECOMUNICACIONES DE

2.1.1.1.3 Enlace Edificio INVESTIGACIONES GEOLGICAS

ESTUDIO DE TRFICO Y MERCADO PARA EL DIMENSIONAMIENTO DE LA

3.1 ESTUDIO DE TRFICO 60

DISEO DE LA RED DE TELECOMUNICACIONES

4.1 DETERMINACIN DE LA TOPOLOGA DE RED 96

5.1 COSTOS DE INVERSIN 162

PROPUESTA DE LA ESTRUCTURA BSICA DE ORGANIZACIN PARA

6.1 MISIN 172

Figura 1.1 Estructura de PETROECUADOR. 1

Figura 2.1 Sistema Microonda Digital Distrito Quito - Distrito Amaznico 13

Figura 3.1 Trfico Telefnico Edificio PETROECUADOR, MATRIZ 66

Figura 4.1 IP/ATM 101

Figura .^rl Propuesta de red 149

Figura 5.1 , Diagrama de bloques de equipos, medios de transmisin y 163

Figura 6.1 Organigrama de PETROTELECOM 174

Tabla 2.1 Coordenadas geogrficas enlace Ed. Villafuerte - Pichincha 14

Tabla 3.1 Trfico Telefnico Edificio PETROECUADOR, MATRIZ 65

Tabla 4.1 Distancias cuartos de telecomunicaciones t to-

Tabla 5.1 Costos de Equipos 164

Tabla 6.1 Dotacin de Personal 186

El presente proyecto titulado "Diseo de una propuesta de red de unificacin de

Este proyecto consta de siete captulos:

El captulo uno presenta informacin general de PETROECUADOR y sus

En el segundo captulo se identifican las interfaces de voz y datos de las redes

En el tercer captulo se realiza un estudio de trfico y de mercado que nos

En el quinto captulo se presenta la estimacin de costos para el proyecto, lo que

En el sptimo captulo se presentan las conclusiones y recomendaciones

Finalmente se presentan anexos que contienen documentacin que

PETROECUADOR est conformado por una Matriz y tres Filiales;

l presente proyecto propone una alternativa para la unificacin de las redes de

Con el proyecto planteado se podr alcanzar una mejor coordinacin de

Ante la cambiante tecnologa que se ha desarrollado en el mundo

1.1 PETROECUADOR Y SUS FILIALES

PETROECUADOR, Empresa Estatal Petrleos del Ecuador tiene como objeto

Esta empresa se encarga de planificar, coordinar y supervisar las actividades de

PETROECUADOR est conformada por una Matriz y tres Filiales:

Figura 1.1: Estructura de PETROECUADOR

Figura 1.2: Edificio Matriz- PETROECUADOR

Esta empresa tiene adscritas dos reas operativas:

Gerencia de Comercio Internacional

Gerencia de Comercio Internacional

Se encarga de introducir a la Empresa en e! mercado mundial de hidrocarburos a

rea operativa de Petroecuador se encarga del transporte de crudo desde e

Estructura Organizaconal de PETROECUADOR

' Coordinacin Comefcalizacin * Presupuesto * Relaciones

Figura 1.3: Estructura Organizacional de PETROECUADOR

Petroecuador, Matriz; en su estructura organizacional no posee un Departamento

2USUARIOS VOZ Y DATOS: Informacin obtenida en la Unidad de Servicios y Departamento de Sistemas