Tyas - Geometrical Properties of A Circle

Geometrical Properties
of Circles
By: Tyas Ajeng Puspitasari
Bina Bangsa School Malang

February 2016
tyas.mlg@binabangsachool.com
Part 1: Symmetrical
Properties of Circle
Review part 1: Symmetrical properties of Circle
Property 1: A straight line drawn from the centre of a circle to bisect

a chord
O = 90

= 90

A
C A straight line drawn from the centre of a circle
B to bisect a chord, is perpendicular to the chord.
Conversely A
The perpendicular to a chord drawn from the centre of a

C circle
O =
B The perpendicular to a chord drawn from the

centre of a circle, bisect the chord.
Review part 1: Symmetrical properties of Circle
P
Property 2: =
1 = 2
O 2
A 1 Q
In equal circle, equal chords are equidistant
from the centre.
B
Conversely
O Chords which are equidistant from the centre

Q
are equal.
A
BP tyas.mlg@binabangsachool.com
Draw and label on a circle:
Centre
Radius
Diameter
Circumference
Chord
Tangent
Arc
Sector (major/minor)
Segment (major/minor)
Circle Fact 2. Chords
If a radius bisects
a chord, it does so
at right angles,
and if a radius
cuts a chord at
right angles, it
bisects it.
Circle Fact 3. Tangent and Radius
The tangent to a
circle is
perpendicular to
the radius at the
point of contact.
Circle Fact 4. Two Tangents
The triangle
produced by two
crossing
tangents is
isosceles.
Circle Fact - Isosceles Triangle
Any triangle AOB
with A & B on the
circumference r a
and O at the
centre of a circle 180 - 2a
is isosceles.
r a
Part 2: Angle Properties of
Circle
Subtended angle
Angle Properties of Circles
Property 1: P
is subtended by minor arc AB at the point
P at the circumference.
O
is subtended by minor arc AB at the
centre
A B
=

The angle subtended by an arc at the centre of

a circle is twice that subtended at the
circumference of the circle
b
180 - 2b
2a + 2b
b = 2(a + b)
a 180 2a
a
Property 2: P
is subtended by diameter at the
circumference of the circle, is a right angle.
A O B
The angle subtended by diameter at the

circumference of the circle is a right angle
b
360 2(a + b) = 180

180 = 2(a + b)
180 2b 90 = (a + b)
180 2a
b
a
a
Property 3: P is subtended by minor arc AB at the point
R at the circumference.
Q
is angle subtended by minor arc AB at the

O
point at the circumference
A B
is angle subtended by minor arc AB at the

point at the circumference
,
angles subtended by the same arc AB
and
They are ANGLES IN THE SAME SEGMENT

Angles in the same segment of a circle are equal.
=
=
Angles in Opposite Segments of a Circle
A cyclic quadrilateral: a quadrilateral with its four vertices lying on
the circumference of a circle.
P
PQRS is a cyclic quadrilateral
and
are angles in opposite segments
O
Q
S
and
are angles in opposite segments
Exploration A
70
and
In figure beside, O is the centre of the circle,
are angles in opposite segments, and = 70
O
220

What is the value of obtuse angle ? 140 D
B
= 2 70 = 140 ( at centre = 2
)
110

What is the value of reflex angle ? C
= 360 140 = 220

What is the value of obtuse angle ?
= 1 220 = 110 ( = 1 at centre)

2 2
and ?
What is the sum of
+ = 70 + 110 = 180
Exploration P
a
In figure beside, O is the centre of the circle, and are
angles in opposite segments
360O 2a

2a S
= 2 ( at centre = 2
)
Q
180 - a
b

What is the value of reflex angle ?
R
= 360 2

1 1

= 360 2 = 180 ( = at centre)
2 2
What can you conclude about the sum of a and b?

+ = +

= + 180
= 180
CONCLUSION
Angles in opposite segments are supplementary.
(abbreviated: in opp. segments are supp.)
+ = 180

O
+ = 180

Secant A straight line cutting a circle at two distinct point
A1 B1
Tangent If a straight line and a circle have only one point of

contact, that line is called a tangent
A B
X
Tangent Property
Tangent to a circle is perpendicular to the radius drawn to the point of
contact
This property abbreviated as:
tan rad
O
A B
X
Tangents from an External Point
In and
=
= 90 (tan rad) A
= (radii of the same circle)
OP is common
O P
Hence:
and are congruent (RHS PROPERTY)
AP = BP
= B
=

CONCLUSION:
(i) Tangents drawn to a circle from an external point are equal
(ii) The tangents subtend equal angles at the center
(iii)The line joining the external point to the center of the circle bisect
the angle between the tangents.
Stating reason
Property Reason
Property 1
=
=

Property 2
. .
=

Property 3
.
=

=
Angles in cyclic
quadrilateral + = 180
.
+ = 180
Property Reason
tangent
=
= 90

Other properties that can be use
Property Reason
C
+ B
+
= 180

A B
C
+
=

=
On triangle
A B D
C Isosceles triangle

180
=
=
2
A B
Other properties that can be use
Property Reason
+ = 180

+ + + = 360 at a point

=
.
Parallel lines
Property Reason
Corresponding =
angles
at parallel line
= at parallel line
Alternate angles
+ = 180
Interior angles at parallel line

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Geometrical Properties

Bina Bangsa School Malang

Property 1: A straight line drawn from the centre of a circle to bisect

The perpendicular to a chord drawn from the centre of a

B The perpendicular to a chord drawn from the

O Chords which are equidistant from the centre

The angle subtended by an arc at the centre of

The angle subtended by diameter at the

360 2(a + b) = 180

They are ANGLES IN THE SAME SEGMENT

What can you conclude about the sum of a and b?

Tangent If a straight line and a circle have only one point of

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