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College of Engineering
Electronics and Communications Engineering
Experiment Number : 1
Experiment Title : Voltage and Current Relations in Balanced and Unbalanced Three-Phase Load
Date Performed : July 31, 2017
Date Submitted : August 7, 2017
Instructor :
Subject/Section : LBYEC75
Group Number :
Group Leader : Alemania, Troy Alisther
Group Members : Aniceto, Sonny Boy
Ardan, Hanna
Castor, Charles
Roque,Earl
Presentation :
Data and Results :
Analysis and Conclusion:
Answers to Questions :
Total :
Remarks
__________________________________________________________________________
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1. The student must be able to show the relationship of between the line and phase
voltages and line and phase currents in balanced and unbalanced three phase
connected loads.
2. They must also learn how to make balanced and unbalanced three phase loads in wye
connection and delta connection.
For several reasons, power and electric energy distribution in three phase voltages and
currents is more economical than single phase currents and voltages. In a balanced three
phase system, the phase voltages have the same magnitude V P and the same frequency but
they differentiate themselves from each other by having a 120 degrees phase angle between
them. To show what the vectors of these three phase voltages look like, Figure 1.2 shows a plot
of these voltages with the corresponding phase angle difference of 120 degrees following a
positive phase sequence of a-b-c.
Figure 1.2
The voltages generated are 120 degrees apart from each other.
where:
E = magnitude of the phase voltage
EL = magnitude of the line voltage
The Line voltages can be obtained by adding the corresponding Line to Neutral
Voltages. The vector addition is illustrated in Figure 1.4.
Note : The phase voltages have equal magnitudes but are 120 apart from each other
and the same applies to the phase currents.
By applying the Kirchoffs Current Law in node A. The current going in node A is ICA
while the currents going out of node A are IAB and IAA This is also applicable to node B
and node C. The following equations are obtained.
IAA = ICA IAB
IBB = IAB IBC
ICC = IBC ICA
By analyzing Figure 1.6a, Figure 1.6b and Figure 1.6c, the relationship phase current to
the line current is obtained.
Analyzation of a three phase system where in the loads are connected in wye
The three phase system sources are balanced thus
| Vab | = | Vbc | = | Vca | = VL
| Van | = | Vbn | = | Vcn
| = V
The assigned reference vectors are the phase voltages Van, Vbn and Vcn. The sequence
of the phase is positive a-b-c. The phasor forms of the phase voltages are :
Van = | Van | < 0 volts
Vbn = | Vbn | < -120 volts
Vcn = | Vcn | < +120 volts
The phasor forms of the line voltages are :
Iaa = Ian = Van / Zan
= Vbn
Ibb = Ibn / Zbn
= Vcn
Icc = Icn / Zcn
A balanced three phase system load have impedances with equal magnitudes currents
with equal magnitudes
Zan = Zbn = Zcn
Ian = Ibn = Icn
An unbalanced three phase system load have impedances with unequal magnitudes but
the connected to a balanced three phase source.
Zab Zbc Zca
VL = | Vab | = | Vbc | = | Vca |
Base on the phase sequence ab-bc-ca with balanced magnitudes and 120 apart.
Vab = | Vab | < 0 volts
Vbc = | Vbc | < -120 volts
Vca = | Vca | < +120 volts
The equations of the phase currents calculated using the complex forms with magnitude
and angles or direction.
Iab = Vab / Zab
Ibc = Vbc / Zbc
Ica = Vca / Zca
Materials
1 - EMS Three-Phase Power Supply module
3 - Digital AC Ammeter (0-10 AAC)
1 - Digital AC Voltmeter (0-300 VAC)
1 - EMS Incandescent Lamp Module (25 W, 50 W, and 100 W Bulbs)
1 - EMS Incandescent Lamp Module (3 100 W Bulbs)
15 - Connecting Wires
III. Procedure
0.419A 0.400A 0.403A 0.407A 0.717A 0.719A 0.697A 0.711A 0.705A 0.85%
V AN V BN V CN V AB V BC V CA
129.0V 132.3V 127.1V 129.47 228.5V 222.7V 222.2V 224.47 224.25 0.098%
V. Analysis and Conclusion
During the experiment, one supply was measured and it was not equal from the other
two. It was higher (230V) compared to the other two (225V and 225V). It is because of the
voltage from the Distribution Center (MERALCO). Since the two are close to each other, the
other property (I, Current in Amperes), yielded the same result (one is different from the two
other results). According to our instructor the nominal supply source is 220V.
Analyzing the data gathered from the experiment, we observed that the line current
formula (e.g., I AA = I CA I AB ) holds true for both balanced and unbalanced three phase loads in
delta connection. While the line voltage formula (e.g., V AB = V AN + V N B ) holds true for both
balanced and unbalanced three phase loads in wye connection.
By looking at the schematic diagram of balanced three phase loads connected in wye, it
can be seen that the phase current being experienced by a load is equal to the line current
current of the line connecting the load to the three phase power supply and this is always true
for this kind of connection. This was also observed during the experiment but it was not required
to measure these approximately equal currents. On the other hand, if you look at the schematic
diagram of a balanced three phase load connection in delta, it can be seen that the phase
voltage being experienced by a load is equal to the line voltage between a pair of ends of the
three phase power supply. Again this was observed during the experiment while operating in
balanced three phase load connection in delta but it was not required to measure these
approximately equal voltages.
In balanced three phase loads in wye connection, the values that we obtained for each
of the line voltages are almost similar to each other which is to be expected in this kind of
connection. The same can be said to the phase voltages of this kind of connection. By getting a
percent difference of 0.098% between the average of the measured line voltages and the
computed line voltage, this supports the statement that the line voltages are similar to each
other in balanced three phase loads connected in wye. Also, it is only in this kind of connection
where the line voltage is equal to 3 times the phase voltage.
Moreover, in balanced three phase loads in delta connection, the values that we
obtained for each of the line currents are almost equal to each other which is to be expected in
this kind of connection and the same goes for the three phase currents. This statement can be
supported by the percent difference that we obtained between the average of the measured line
currents and the computed line current which is 0.85%. Moreover, it is only in this kind of
connection wherein the line current is equal to 3 times the phase current.
1. In a wye (Y) connected 3-phase circuit, if the line-to- line voltage is 346 volts, what is the
line-to-neutral voltage?
V L = 3V N
346 = 3V N
V N = 199.76 V
2. In a delta connected three-phase circuit, the current is 20 amperes in each resistance
load. What is the line current?
For delta connected three phase circuits:
I L = 3I N
I L = 3(20)
I L = 34.64 A
3. In a wye connected three-phase circuit, the line current is 10 amperes in each resistance
load. What is the line current?
For wye connected three phase circuits:
IL = IN
I L = 10 A
4. Three resistors, each having a resistance of 11 ohms, are connected in delta across a 3
phase, 440-volt source. What is the line current drawn by the delta load from the source?
V = IP R
V 440
IP = R == 40 A
11
I L = 3I P = 3(40) = 69.28 A
5. What is the ratio of the line current drawn by the same identical impedances connected
in wye ( I LY ) to the line current drawn by the same identical impedances connected in
delta ( I L ) when both connections are connected to the same balance three-phase
source?
For delta:
V L = 3V P
VL
V P = 3
IL = IP
VP VL
Z =
I P = 3I
L
VL
I L = 3Z
For wye:
V L =V P
I L = 3I P
VP 3V L
Z =
I P = I L
3V
I LY = Z L
Getting the ratio of the two currents calculated:
I LY
I L = ( 3V L
Z )( )
3Z
VL
I LY
I L =3