SMARTPHONES: A

NECESSITY

SUBMITTED BY

JYOTI CHAUBEY REG NO: 0172/53

 SMARTPHONES: A NECESSITY

SMARTPHONES: A NECESSITY
BACKGROUND
Smart phone is a mobile phone which offers advanced technologies with functionality similar as
a personal computer. While offering a standardized platform for application developers a smart
phone performs as complete operating system software. Secondly, there are also very advanced
features in smart phones such as internet, instant messenger and e-mail and also built-in
keyboard are very typical. Because of these reasons we can say a smart phone a miniature
computer with the similarities of a simple phone.

With the growing speed of technological advancement, Smart phones have become the essential
components of our daily performance. As we look for convenience, we also respect the devices,
which can combine multiple features and which give us more mobility and entertainment. As the
whole world is going into the new phase of technological performance, our needs become more
sophisticated. On the one hand, we need speed, quality, and effectiveness on the other hand,
these features should be combined in a solution small enough to carry it in the pocket.

Smart phones have come to exemplify one of the wisest and the most convenient technological
ideas in the history of mankind. The unique combination of features makes Smart phones
extremely usable and useful for different purposes. In business or in pleasure Smart phones
expand our capabilities and help us resolve our problems in timely manner. Hence, it is very
important to explore how far can Smartphones further embed in our life and what lies in the
coming future for the phones.

HISTORY OF SMARTPHONES
It seems as though just about everyone owns a smartphone, even though it wasn't that long ago
that the technology was first introduced to the general public. With their advanced computing
capabilities and other features, smartphones have quickly gained popularity. Prior to the
invention of smartphones, there were several devices that were used including regular mobile
phones, and PDA devices. Eventually technology was combined and the concept of the
smartphone was born.

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The first concepts that eventually led to the invention of the smartphone date back to the 1970s.
It was not however until 1992 that IBM came up with a prototype mobile phone that
incorporated PDA features. The device was demonstrated the same year at a computer industry
trade show called COMDEX. In 1994, BellSouth came up with a more refined version of the
phone and called it the Simon Personal Communicator. This is the first device that could really
be referred to as a smartphone. The Simon Personal Communicator was able to make and receive
calls, send faxes and emails, and more.

In the later part of the 1990s, many mobile phone users began carrying PDAs (personal digital
assistants). Early PDAs ran on various systems such as Blackberry OS, and Palm OS. Nokia
released a phone combined with a PDA in 1996. The device was called the Nokia 9000. In 1999,
a smartphone was released by Qualcomm. The pdQ smartphone, as it was called, featured a Palm
PDA with internet connectivity capabilities. Smartphone technology continued to advance
throughout the early 2000s. These advances in technology brought about the introduction of the
iPhone, the Android operating system and more. From 2011 to current times, smartphone
technology has become even more advanced and technology continues to improve at a rapid
pace. Smartphones have more features than ever before including touchscreen capabilities, GPS,
cameras, and much more.

For anyone who was not old enough to remember life before smartphones, imagining a world
without them would be pretty hard. Whats even more staggering is the fact that such devices
were largely niche items a mere 10 years ago. The mass adoption of the smartphone is
undoubtedly a historical landmark. As we develop better and better technology, a similar event
might be upon us sooner rather than later. A close look at smartphone history can reveal similar
trends, after all.

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2007 2008 2010 2011

January October - January January
Steve Jobs of Apple Apple announces sales of Apple launches their first It is announced that
introduces the iPhone iPhones for their summer edition of the iPad which research has shown that
which he refers to as a quarter, stating that they is a ten inch tablet. smartphones actually
"revolutionary and have sold 4.7 million February outsold personal
magical product." devices, giving Apple Android phones begin to computers in the last three
April almost thirteen percent of appear that feature the months of 2010.
Gartner, a technology the smartphone market. same full touchscreen April
research company, shares November interaction as the iPhone. Apple takes the lead,
that Microsoft's Windows The G1, the first Android April becoming the largest
Mobile, in the first three phone is launched. It It is announced that smartphone vendor, and
months of the year, has an features a sliding keyboard Google's Android has Android becomes the
eighteen percent share of and limited touchscreen gained slightly less than highest selling smartphone
the smartphone market. capabilities. ten percent of the platform.
November December smartphone market in the June
Google announces that Microsoft stops Windows first three months of the Nokia and Apple settle a
they will offer the Android Mobile after realizing they year. multiple year & Microsoft
operating system for free cannot compete with the September starts demanding payments
and anyone will be able to Android and iPhone. They Another tablet, the from Android phone
use or change it. then develop the Windows Samsung Galaxy is makers.
Phone. introduced. It is slightly July
smaller than the iPad, at Android takes over forty
seven inches. three percent of the
October smartphone market in the
Microsoft introduces their year's second quarter.
first phones running on the October
Windows Phone operating According to estimates,
system. Sales are initially Samsung is the largest
very low. smartphone vendor at this
time.
November - Android
takes over fifty percent of
the smartphone market in
the year's third quarter.

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PHONE SPECIFICS AND MARKET ANALYSIS

Smartphone Operating Systems: There are many operating systems which are being used by
companies to introduce their smart phones but most important system is Symbian which is really
popular these days and every other smart phone has this software. Some software are listed
below:
Symbian
Linux
Java
Unique Operating System
Apple OS

Smart Phone Manufacturers In this new era of technology, there are a lot of companies who
are manufacturing not only mobile or cell phones but even they are trying to put their all
expertise in manufacturing smart phones. Every company has different technologies from each
other and trying to be number one in Telecommunication Field. Some of the main smart phone
manufacturing companies are:Apple

Nokia
Samsung
Siemens
HTC
Vodafone
Black Berry
Motorola

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SUCCESS FACTORS AND CHALLENGES

Apart from the above mention factors there are several other reasons for the success of
smartphones, the same is mentioned below.

1. Hardware design: The iPhone has taught the mobile market anything, it's that hardware
design means everything. If a device lacks a compelling design, consumers won't pay any
attention to it. Hardware design changed rapidly after Apple started selling the iPhone.
Almost immediately, more large-screen, slim devices hit store shelves. Along the way,
those companies that failed to offer compelling designs were left behind.

2. The operating system: Vendors need to keep in mind that the operating system is what
users will interact with most. If a smartphone is running an outdated OS or the software
just doesn't work as well as it could, customers will go elsewhere.

3. The customer focus: With the rise in disposable income customers are choosing an
improved and faster lifestyle. With this the improved customer focus of the mobile
manufacturers is fetching them huge benefits.

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4. Screen Size: Over the past year, screen size has become a key aspect of a smartphone's
appeal. The issue became especially important after the Motorola Droid X and its 4.3-
inch display launched. Now, rumors suggest thatApple will be increasing the size of its
iPhone's display from 3.5 inches to 4 inches in the upcoming iPhone 5. What that should
tell vendors is that small displays just don't work any longer.

5. Past performance: One of the key indicators of success or failure in the mobile market is
the past performance of a respective company. Nowhere is that more evident than in
Redmond, Wash. For far too long, Microsoft left Windows Mobile 6.5 on store shelves,
while Apple and Google continued to capitalize on the touch-screen craze with their own
operating systems. Microsoft finally broke into that space with Windows Phone 7 late last
year. But the damage was done. Now, Microsoft is trying to rebuild its brand in the
mobile market as more and more customers (and vendors) turn to Android.

CHALLENGES
The explosion of smart devices and the increased worker mobility this has brought to the
enterprise represents one of the most significant developments of recent times in the tech
industry. But with networks straining under the weight of users and businesses now having less
control over their valuable data than ever before, our insatiable appetite for all things mobile in
danger of putting us at risk.

One of the biggest challenges currently facing mobile operators is the increasing demand for
capacity. Data intensive devices are driving wireless throughput requirements upwards at an
alarming rate, consequently putting a massive strain on networks that don't have the ability to
cope with this increase in data traffic. With 3G, users have experienced a number of issues,
including slow internet access, delayed data downloads, interrupted streaming and jitter.

Indeed, as traditional network infrastructure is only really suited for less intense 2G services,
operators are constantly looking for ways to increase the spectral efficiency of their networks.
Advanced mobile services are therefore putting huge pressure on mobile operators to re-evaluate
their network architecture. The biggest challenge for operators at this stage is finding the most
flexible and cost-effective infrastructure for next generation services.

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In particular, being able to deliver the much needed capacity precisely when and where it is
required to areas where a large majority of users rely on the network. In urban areas, for
example, it is difficult to keep pace with network growth for capacity demands at work, home
and at play.

Since smartphone traffic is expected to increase tenfold in the next five years, the rollout of 4G
will have a huge part to play in the smartphone boom predicted, which means operators are
under growing pressure to optimise their network infrastructure now, before it's too late. With
2G and 3G services already failing to meet capacity demands, subscribers are becoming less and
less tolerant of incidents when insufficient service means they are unable to access the mobile
web.

BYOD on the enterprise

The prevalence of smartphones and tablets means employees now expect their devices to work in
every office location at all times. A mobile device is no longer just a phone; it supports business
critical applications and is an essential tool inside corporate offices. The 'bring your own device'
(BYOD) trend is therefore threatening to swamp enterprise networks due to the sheer number of
users all being in one place. The evolving workforce is one of the main reasons for this such as
remote and home office staff, and the use of contract and temporary staff as well as the
growing role of technology in all types of businesses.

FUTURE OF SMART PHONES

IOT or internet of things will significantly change the way the smartphones will be utilized in the
future. So instead of isolated devices doing all checks, smartphones could work with other
devices to get better results. For some functions smartphones will sync up with other devices,
like wrist monitors and cuff with inflatable bladder (for BP measurement) to give a regular
health update. In case of BP, the lead from the external apparatus will go to the smartphone to
display BP and pulse rate. That is wearable tech integrating with smartphone.

Even as the smartphone doubles as a virtual health assistant, more interfaces will evolve voice
will get better and use of gestures and non-tap inputs will increase. These could include a hand

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wave to browse pages or bring out the playlist to play your favourite music. The switch from
manual to voice to text to gesture could be seamless, depending on the task at hand. You could
also dictate and send e-mails with voice commands. Here Artificial Intelligence (AI) meets
smartphones to create new ways of interacting with the smartphone and do lot more than you can
today. In fact, if you go by AI geeks, voice will replace every other input as smartphones begin
to obey commands all the times.

For example you could simply tell your smartphone app to `pay my electricity bill and the app
will pull out the bill, take money from the mobile wallet and complete the transactions (based on
pre-set instructions) and also inform if the digital wallet has run out of money.

Banking and payments will be far simplified in tomorrows smartphones some of the
mundane activities will be done by AI tools when the digital wallet runs out of money it loads
up again to the pre-assigned limit to make it easier to do your next transaction like pay for
popcorn or a movie. And as facial recognition improves, you could be able to take a picture (with
multiple camera options) of a crowd and spot where your friend is!

The possibilities of what smartphones can do as isolated devices or in sync with others are
actually limitless. This capability comes from improvements in the ecosystemhardware to
artificial intelligence algorithmmaking the smartphone your most powerful device that you
carry.

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EXHIBIT

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References
https://www.ukessays.com/essays/information-technology/importance-of-smart-phones-in-daily-
life-information-technology-essay.php

http://www.thesnugg.com/a-brief-history-of-smartphones.aspx

https://www.marketresearch.com/product/sample-7223190.pdf

https://www.mobileindustryreview.com/2016/10/the-history-of-the-smartphone.html

http://telecom.economictimes.indiatimes.com/tele-talk/this-is-what-smartphones-in-future-will-
be-like/2109

https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/290706

https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbestechcouncil/2017/05/23/the-future-of-
smartphones/#e9b305418857

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