01 Chapter 1 PDF

Kosky, Wise, Balmer, Keat: Exploring Engineering, Second Edition 2
Chapter 1: What engineers do
1-1) Draw a conceptual sketch of your computer. Identify the keyboard, screen, power
source, and information storage devices using arrows and labels.
Note: Eventually we will show you (if you dont know already) how to draw a decently
formatted sketch on your computer. Meanwhile this crude representation will suffice!
Copyright 2010, Elsevier, Inc

1-2) Draw a conceptual sketch of an incandescent light bulb. Identify all the components
using arrows and numbers as in Figure 1.1.
1 = glass envelope 2 = Filament 3 = Supports 4 = Seals 5 = Wires 6 = Plug

1-3) Draw a conceptual sketch of a ballpoint pen. Identify all the components with arrows
and labels as in Figure 1.2 of this chapter.
The name of ballpoint pen's parts and components
No. Name No. Name
1 refill 14 clip
2 ball 15 barrel shell
3 point 16 cap
4 socket 17 clip screw
5 slot 18 clip screw
6 eyelet 19 connector
7 refill tube 20 button spring
8 ink 21 ratchet spring
9 grease 22 retracting spring
10 cartridge 23 plunger
11 plastic lube 24 trapped spring
12 point 25 ratchet frame
13 barrel 26 liner

--see http://www.ball-pen-
manufacturers.com/pen_show_110_The_name_of_ballpoint_pen's_parts.htm
(Hong-Li Pen manufacturing Co, Ltd.)

1-4) The figure below is an exploded view of a table. Identify and label all the
components.
Table top
Frame
Mortise
Legs & Tenon

1-5) The figure below is an exploded view of a box. Identify and label all the
components.
Lid
Hinges
End
Brackets
Bottom
Sides
End

1-6) Repeat Example 1.3 using the NSPE Code of Engineering Ethics. Solve using the
Engineering Ethics Matrix.
(Example 1.3: An Ethical Situation

You and your roommate are both enrolled in the same engineering class. Your
roommate spent the weekend partying and did not do the homework that is due on
Monday. You did the homework, and your roommate asks to see it. You are afraid he or
she will just copy it and turn it in as his or her own work. What are you ethically
obligated to do?
a. Show your roommate the homework.

b. Show the homework but ask your roommate not to copy it.
c. Show the homework and tell the roommate that if the homework is copied, you will
tell the professor.
d. Refuse to show the homework.
e. Refuse to show the homework but offer to spend time tutoring the roommate.)
Ethical Decision Matrix
Canons Option (a) Option (b) Option (c) Option (d) Option (e)
1. Hold paramount Not applicable. Not applicable. Not Not Not

the safety, health, applicable. applicable. applicable.
and welfare of the
public.
2. Perform services Not applicable Not applicable. Not Not Are you a
only in the area of applicable. applicable. competent
your competence. tutor?
3. Issue public Not applicable Not applicable. Not Not Not
statements only in applicable. applicable. applicable.
an objective and
truthful manner.
4. Act for each Violates this Same as option Same as OK. OK.
employer or client as canon if home (a). option (a).
faithful agents or work is not to
trustees. be shared.
Violates this Same as option Same as OK. OK.
canon if (a). option (a).
sharing home
5. Avoid deceptive
work is
acts.
considered
cheating by
instructor..

6. Conduct Same as above. Same as option Same as OK. OK.

themselves (a). option (a).
honorably.
Of course, it may be possible to find a code of professional ethics that will lead to a
contrary opinion to another code, but as per the solution in the text for Example 1.3, this
code of professional ethics favors the same solutions, namely d & e.

1-7) Repeat Example 1.4 using the Five Cornerstones of Ethical Behavior. Solve using
the Engineering Ethics Matrix
(Example 1.4
You are a civil engineer on a team designing a bridge for a state government. Your team
submits what you believe to be the best design by all criteria, at a cost that is within the
limits originally set. However, some months later the state undergoes a budget crisis.
Your supervisor, also a qualified civil engineer, makes design changes to achieve cost
reduction that he or she believes will not compromise the safety of the bridge. You are
not so sure, though you cannot conclusively demonstrate a safety hazard. You request
that a new safety analysis be done. Your supervisor denies your request on the grounds of
time and limited budget. What do you do?)
a) Go along b) Appeal to d) Write your e) Call a

c) Quit your
Cornerstone with the higher state newspaper
job
decision management representative reporter
You did not You did not sayYou did not You did not You did not
1. Do what you say
say you would you would do say you say you would say you
you will do.
do this. this. would do do this. would do
this. this.
2. Never divulge Not applicable You may appeal Not Violates this Violates this
information given to to higher applicable. cornerstone. cornerstone.
you in confidence. management
3. Accept Not applicable Not applicable. Not Not applicable. Not

responsibility for applicable. applicable.
your mistakes.
Violates this Not applicable. Maybe, if Maybe, if you Maybe, if

cornerstone of you think think someone you think
4. Never become
you believe someone is is lying. someone is
involved in a lie.
your lying. lying.
supervisor is
lying.
5. Never accept gifts Not applicable. Not applicable. Not Not applicable. Not
that compromise applicable. applicable.
your ability to
perform in the best
interests of your
organization.

Again, its roughly the same conclusion as per Example 1.4 I the text: Your best bet is to
go over your immediate supervisors head and bring your dilemma to higher
management.

1-8) It is the last semester of your senior year and you are anxious to get an exciting
electrical engineering position in a major company. You accept a position from company
A early in the recruiting process, but continue to interview hoping for a better offer. Then
your dream job offer comes along from company B. More salary, better company, more
options for advancement, it is just what you have been looking for. What should you do?
a. Just dont show up for work at company A.
b. Send a letter to A retracting your job acceptance with them.
c. Ask company B to contact company A and tell them you wont be working for
them.
d. Reject the offer from company B and work for company A anyway.
Options a.) Just b.) Send c.) Ask B d.) Reject B

dont show letter
Canons up retracting
Hold Yes-no Yes-no risks Yes-no risks Yes-no risks
paramount risks
the safety,
health and
welfare of
the public.
Perform Does not Does not Does not Does not
services apply apply apply apply
only in the
area of your
competence
Issue public Does not Does not Does not Does not
statements apply apply apply apply
only in an
objective
and truthful
manner
Act for each Does not Does not Does not Does not
employer or apply-not apply-not yet apply-not apply-not yet
client as yet employee yet employee
faithful employee employee
agents or
trustees
Avoid No- Yes No Yes
deceptive deceptive is not potentially
acts deceptive deceptive if
B doesnt
do it
Conduct No No-unless No- Yes
themselves you initially passing the

honorably made it clear buck
to A that you
would retract
if offered by
B
The best answer is to reject the offer from Company B; however, the real message here
is to be upfront with company A while provisionally accepting their offer saying you
reserve the right to go to Company B.

1-9) A company purchased an expensive computer program for your summer job with
them. The license agreement states that you can make a backup copy, but you can only
use the program on one computer at a time. Your senior design course professor would
like you to use the program for your senior design project. What should you do?
a. Give the program to your professor and let him/her worry about the consequences.
b. Copy the program and use it because no one will know.
c. Ask your supervisor at the company that purchased the program if you can use it at
school on your senior project.
d. Ask your professor to contact the company and ask for permission to use the
program at school.
Options a.) Give to b.) Copy and c.) Ask d.) Ask Prof
Prof use supervisor to contact
Canons
Hold Yes- no Yes-no risk Yes-no risk Yes-no risk
paramount risk
the safety,
health and
welfare of
the public.
only in the
area of your
competence
only in an
objective
and truthful
manner
Act for each No-cheats No- cheats Yes Yes
employer or company company
client as
faithful
agents or
trustees
Avoid No is No is Yes Yes
deceptive deceptive deceptive
acts
Conduct No No Yes Yes
themselves
honorably
You need to do c) and d).

1-10) You are attending a regional conference along with five other students from your
institution. The night before the group is scheduled to return to campus, one of the
students is arrested for public intoxication and is jailed. Neither he nor the other students
have enough cash for bail, and he doesnt want his parents to know. He asks you to lend
him the organization's emergency cash so that he doesn't have to spend the night in jail;
he'll repay you as soon as his parents send money. What should you do?
a. Lend him the money since his parents are wealthy and you know he can repay it
quickly.
b. Tell him to contact his parents now and ask for help.
c. Give him the money, but ask him to write and sign a confessional note to repay it..
d. Tell him to call a lawyer since its not your problem.
Options a). Lend b). Tell: c). Money d). Tell not
contact and note your problem
Canons parents
Hold Yes-no risk Yes-no risk Yes-no risk Yes-no risk
paramount
the safety,
health and
welfare of
the public.
only in the
area of your
competence
only in an
objective
and truthful
manner
Act for each No- unless Yes No-unless Yes
employer or money was money was
client as previously previously
faithful authorized authorized
agents or for bail for bail
trustees
Avoid No if you Yes Yes-if you Yes
deceptive are hoping show note to
acts to put organization.
money back
without
telling
organization
Conduct No- Yes Yes an Yes

themselves allowing attempt, although as a
honorably your though matter of
concern for flawed, to personal
friend to combine ethics, telling
override duties to a friend that
your duty to friend and his problems
organization organization are not yours
may be
unacceptable,
this is not a
violation of
professional
ethics
So you should consider telling him to call his parents and/or a lawyer.

1-11) You are testing motorcycle helmets manufactured by a variety of your competitors.
Your company has developed an inexpensive helmet with a liner that will withstand
multiple impacts, but is less effective on the initial impact than your competitors. The
Vice President for Sales is anxious to get this new helmet on the market and is
threatening to fire you if you do not release it to the manufacturing division. What should
you do?
a. Follow the vice presidents orders since he/she will ultimately be responsible for the
decision.
b. Call a newspaper to blow the whistle on the unsafe company policies.
c. Refuse to release the product as unsafe and take your chances on being fired.
d. Stall the vice president while you look for a job at a different company.
Options a). Follow b). Blow c). Refuse d). Stall

order whistle to release
Canons
Hold No No Yes No-leaves
paramount Would Would avoids public at risk
the safety, knowingly knowingly putting
health and put public at put public at public at
welfare of risk risk risk
the public.
Perform Yes No- press Yes Yes
services relations is
only in the not your area
area of your of expertise
competence
Issue public Yes no Yes - but Yes- no Yes-no
statements public only if you public public
only in an statement are sure of statement statement
objective made your facts made made
and truthful
manner
Act for each Maybe No- as an Yes No- you
employer or depends on agent, you owe your
client as whether are expected employer a
faithful supervisor to get truthful
agents or intends to permission interpretation
trustees deal with before of your
risk in speaking to actions
another press
manner
Avoid Yes Yes Yes- is not No-stalling
deceptive is not is not deceptive is deceptive
acts deceptive deceptive
Conduct Yes Yes Yes No-

themselves hiding your
honorably true views is
dishonorable
Refuse to release the defective article should at least be a major option to consider even
though it may have a serious effect on your career.

1-12) Paul Ledbetter is employed at Bluestone Ltd. as a manufacturing engineer. He

regularly meets with vendors who offer to supply Bluestone with needed services and
parts. Paul discovers that one of the vendors, Duncan Mackey, like Paul, is an avid golfer.
They begin comparing notes about their favorite golf courses. Paul says he's always
wanted to play at the Cherry Orchard Country Club; but since it is a private club, he's
never had the opportunity. Duncan says he's been a member there for several years and
that he's sure he can arrange a guest visit for Paul. What should Paul do? 1
a. Paul should accept the invitation since he has always wanted to play there.
b. Paul should reject the invitation since it might adversely affect his business
relationship with Duncan.
c. Paul should ask Duncan to nominate him for membership in the Club.
d. Paul should ask his supervisor if its OK to accept Duncans invitation.
Options a). Accept b). Reject c). Ask d). Ask

Duncan to supervisor
Canons nominate
Hold Yes-no risk Yes-no risk Yes-no risk Yes-no risk
paramount
the safety,
health and
welfare of
the public.
only in the
area of your
competence
only in an
objective
and truthful
manner
Act for each Yes if you Yes Yes Yes
employer or have
client as consulted
faithful company
agents or ethics
trustees guidelines
and
determined
that its ok;
1
Extracted from TEACHING ENGINEERING ETHICS, A CASE STUDY APPROACH, Michael S.
Pritchard Editor, CENTER FOR THE STUDY OF ETHICS IN SOCIETY WESTERN MICHIGAN
UNIVERSITY. http://ethics.tamu.edu/pritchar/golfing.htm]
otherwise,
no
Avoid Yes is not Yes is not Yes Yes
deceptive deceptive deceptive
acts
Conduct Yes Yes Yes- unless Yes
themselves you suggest
honorably to Duncan
that if he
says no, he
wont get
the order
You have a lot of latitude here so you can pick almost any action or a combination.

In Exercises 13 16 below use the National Society of Professional Engineers

(NSPE) Code of Ethics (see http://www.nspe.org/Ethics/CodeofEthics/index.html) to
respond to these ethical situations.
1-13) Some American companies have refused to promote women into positions of high
authority in their international operations in Asia, the Middle East, and South America.
Their rationale is that business will be hurt because some foreign customers do not wish
to deal with women. It might be contended that this practice is justified out of respect for
the customs of countries which discourage women from entering business and the
professions.
Circuit Judge Warren J. Ferguson argued, however, that such practices are wrong. He
ruled that gender stereotypes are not to be used in formulating job qualification, and that
customer preferences do not justify gender discrimination. He added that while our legal
system cannot be used to force other countries to stop gender discrimination, other
countries cannot dictate gender discrimination for citizens of our country. Present and
defend your view as to whether Judge Ferguson's ruling was justified.
Most students will agree with the judge. However, they need to present some comments
as to why they reached their conclusion.

1-14) Marvin Johnson is Environmental Engineer for one of several local plants whose
water discharges flow into a lake in a flourishing tourist area. Included in Marvin's
responsibilities is the monitoring of water and air discharges at his plant and the periodic
preparation of reports to be submitted to the Department of Natural Resources.
Marvin has just prepared a report that indicates that the level of pollution in the
plant's water discharges slightly exceeds the legal limitations. However, there is little
reason to believe that this excessive amount poses any danger to people in the area; at
worst, it will endanger a small number of fish. On the other hand, solving the problem
will cost the plant more than $200,000.
Marvin's supervisor says the excess should be regarded as a mere "technicality,"
and he asks Marvin to "adjust" the data so that the plant appears to be in compliance. He
explains: "We can't afford the $200,000. It would set us behind our competitors. Besides
the bad publicity we'd get, it might scare off some of tourist industry." How do you think
Marvin should respond to Edgar's request?
a) Do what Edgar says
b) Ask Edgar to join him in discussing this with Edgars boss
c) Do not do what Edgar s says
Options a). Do what b). Ask c). Do not do

Edgar says Edgar to join what Edgar
Canons in discussing says
Hold Yes-no Yes-no risks Yes-no risks
paramount risks
the safety,
health and
welfare of
the public.
Perform Yes Yes Yes
services
only in the
area of your
competence
Issue public Does not Does not Does not
statements apply apply apply
only in an
objective
and truthful
manner
Act for each No- Yes No - simple
employer or exposes disobedience,
client as company to even if
faithful legal action justified, is
agents or not the action
trustees of a faithful
agent
Avoid No. Yes No

deceptive Deceptive to is not potentially
acts customer deceptive deceptive if
boss thinks
hes obeying
Conduct No is Yes Maybe,
themselves putting depending on
honorably oneself how done
above the
law
Here the solution is clear get Edgar involved b).

1-15) Derek Evans used to work for a small computer firm that specializes in developing
software for management tasks. Derek was a primary contributor in designing an
innovative software system for customer services. This software system is essentially the
"lifeblood" of the firm. The small computer firm never asked Derek to sign an agreement
that software designed during his employment there becomes the property of the
company. However, his new employer did.
Derek is now working for a much larger computer firm. Derek's job is in the
customer service area, and he spends most of his time on the telephone talking with
customers having systems problems. T his requires him to cross reference large amounts
of information. It now occurs to him that by making a few minor alterations in the
innovative software system he helped design at the small computer firm the task of cross
referencing can be greatly simplified.
On Friday Derek decides he will come in early Monday morning to make the
adaptation. However, on Saturday evening he attends a party with two of his old friends,
you and Horace Jones. Since it has been some time since you have seen each other, you
spend some time discussing what you have been doing recently. Derek mentions his plan
to adapt the software system on Monday. Horace asks, "Isn't that unethical? That system
is really the property of your previous employer." "But," Derek replies, "I'm just trying to
make my work more efficient. I'm not selling the system to anyone, or anything like that.
It's just for my use -- and, after all, I did help design it. Besides, it's not exactly the same
system -- I've made a few changes." What should be done about this situation? 2
a) Derek should go ahead and make the adaptation

b) Derek should suggest to his boss a meeting with the other company to discuss
use of the program.
c) Derek should drop the idea
Options a). Make the b). Suggest a c). Drop the

adaptation meeting idea
Canons
Hold Yes-no risks Yes-no risks Yes-no risks
paramount
the safety,
health and
welfare of
the public.
Perform Yes Yes Yes
services
only in the
area of your
competence
2
Adapted from: http://ethics.tamu.edu/pritchar/property.htm
Issue public Does not Does not Does not

statements apply apply apply
only in an
objective
and truthful
manner
Act for each Maybe- may Yes No- an
employer or expose employee
client as current should
faithful employer to pursue good
agents or possible suit ideas
trustees or bad
publicity
Avoid No- while Yes is not No
deceptive possibly deceptive employee is
acts legal, the hiding a
action is good idea
deceptive
(implies
new
company
developed
idea)
Conduct No (see Yes Yes
themselves deceptive)
honorably

b) is the best course.

1-16) Jan, a professional engineer on unpaid leave, is a part-time graduate student at a

small private university and is enrolled in a research class for credit taught by Dimanro, a
mechanical-engineering professor at the University. Part of the research being performed
by Jan involves the use of an innovative geothermal technology.
The University is in the process of enlarging its facilities, and Dimanro, a member
of the University's building committee, has responsibility for developing a request for
proposal (RFP) in order to solicit interested engineering firms. Dimanro plans to
incorporate an application of the geothermal technology into the RFP. Dimanro asks Jan
to serve as a paid consultant to the University's building committee in developing the
RFP and reviewing proposals. Jans employer will not be submitting a proposal and is
not averse to having Jan work on the RFP and proposal reviews. Jan agrees to serve as a
paid consultant.
Is it a conflict of interest for Jan to be enrolled in a class for credit at the
University and at the same time serve as a consultant to the University? 3
a) Jan should assume a conflict of interest and drop the idea
b) Jan should request a legal opinion as to the legality of this service
c) Jan should go ahead and serve without inquiring further
Options a). Drop b). Request c). Go ahead

idea legal opinion
Canons
Hold Yes-no risks Yes-no risks Yes-no risks
paramount
the safety,
health and
welfare of
the public.
Perform Yes Yes Yes
services
only in the
area of your
competence
Issue public Yes Yes Yes, if he
statements acknowledges his
only in an connection to
objective university
and truthful
manner
Act for each Yes- has Yes yes
employer or consulted
client as with
faithful employer
agents or
trustees
3
Adapted from NSPE Board of Ethical Review Case No. 91-5
Avoid Yes Yes Yes, if he

deceptive acknowledges his
acts connection to
university
Conduct Yes Yes Maybe,
themselves depending on
honorably whether he or
university hopes
to gain from the
connection (e.g.,
unjustified
positive opinion,
unjustified higher
grade)
Note: as is evident from the matrix, the answer to this question depends on detailed legal
knowledge (whether being a student and paid consultant simultaneously constitutes a
conflict of interest).

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Kosky, Wise, Balmer, Keat: Exploring Engineering, Second Edition 2

Chapter 1: What engineers do

Copyright 2010, Elsevier, Inc

1 = glass envelope 2 = Filament 3 = Supports 4 = Seals 5 = Wires 6 = Plug

Copyright 2010, Elsevier, Inc

The name of ballpoint pen's parts and components

No. Name No. Name

2 ball 15 barrel shell

4 socket 17 clip screw

5 slot 18 clip screw

7 refill tube 20 button spring

8 ink 21 ratchet spring

9 grease 22 retracting spring

11 plastic lube 24 trapped spring

12 point 25 ratchet frame

Copyright 2010, Elsevier, Inc

(Hong-Li Pen manufacturing Co, Ltd.)

Copyright 2010, Elsevier, Inc

Copyright 2010, Elsevier, Inc

Copyright 2010, Elsevier, Inc

(Example 1.3: An Ethical Situation

a. Show your roommate the homework.

Ethical Decision Matrix

1. Hold paramount Not applicable. Not applicable. Not Not Not

Copyright 2010, Elsevier, Inc

6. Conduct Same as above. Same as option Same as OK. OK.

Copyright 2010, Elsevier, Inc

a) Go along b) Appeal to d) Write your e) Call a

3. Accept Not applicable Not applicable. Not Not applicable. Not

Violates this Not applicable. Maybe, if Maybe, if you Maybe, if

Copyright 2010, Elsevier, Inc

Copyright 2010, Elsevier, Inc

Options a.) Just b.) Send c.) Ask B d.) Reject B

themselves you initially passing the

Copyright 2010, Elsevier, Inc

You need to do c) and d).

Copyright 2010, Elsevier, Inc

Conduct No- Yes Yes an Yes

Copyright 2010, Elsevier, Inc

Options a). Follow b). Blow c). Refuse d). Stall

Conduct Yes Yes Yes No-

Copyright 2010, Elsevier, Inc

1-12) Paul Ledbetter is employed at Bluestone Ltd. as a manufacturing engineer. He

Options a). Accept b). Reject c). Ask d). Ask

Copyright 2010, Elsevier, Inc

In Exercises 13 16 below use the National Society of Professional Engineers

Copyright 2010, Elsevier, Inc

Options a). Do what b). Ask c). Do not do

Avoid No. Yes No

Here the solution is clear get Edgar involved b).

Copyright 2010, Elsevier, Inc

a) Derek should go ahead and make the adaptation

Options a). Make the b). Suggest a c). Drop the

Issue public Does not Does not Does not

b) is the best course.

Copyright 2010, Elsevier, Inc

1-16) Jan, a professional engineer on unpaid leave, is a part-time graduate student at a

Options a). Drop b). Request c). Go ahead

Avoid Yes Yes Yes, if he

Copyright 2010, Elsevier, Inc

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