Trabajo de investigacion

Economia politica
Tema 2
Historia de la economia

Nombre: Velasquez Cocarico Mauricio

Materia: Economia Politica
Carrera: Ingenieria Civil
Grupo: 2
Docente: Ledezma Perizza Fernando Arturo
Fecha: 26/06/17
 Investigacion
The history and current applications of the circular
economy concept
Abstract: Abstract
The challenges of balancing industrial development, environmental and human health, and
economic growth in China and elsewhere in the world are drivers for recent resource use and
low-carbon development strategies that include the application of the circular economy (CE)
concept. A central theme of the CE concept is the valuation of materials within a closed-looped
system with the aim to allow for natural resource use while reducing pollution or avoiding
resource constraints and sustaining economic growth. The objectives of this study are (1) to
review the history of the CE concept to provide a context for (2) a critical examination of how it
is applied currently. Thematic categories are used to organize the literature review results
including policy instruments and approaches; value chains, material flows, and products; and
technology, organizational, and social innovation. The literature review illustrates the variability
in CE project success and failure over time and by region. CE successes, key challenges, and
research gaps are identified. The literature review results provide useful information for
researchers as well as multi-stakeholder groups who seek to define the CE concept in practical
terms, and to consider potential challenges and opportunities it presents when implemented. 1

Political Economy, History of

Abstract: Abstract
Political economy emerged as a discourse in early modern Europe and reached full maturity in
the first half of the nineteenth century. It is the progenitor to modern economics, but there are
several distinctive characteristics that set it apart. Political economy was a literary rather than a
mathematical science; it openly acknowledged its place within moral and political philosophy,
and it cultivated a historical stance. It also did not draw a firm demarcation between what came
to be known, c.1940, as microeconomics and macroeconomics. Political economy is still an
acknowledged subfield within economics and political science, albeit with a different set of
problems and methods.
Keywords: Austrian economics; Cameralism; Capitalism; Classical political economy; Division of
labor; Economic theory; Institutionalism; Invisible hand; Marxist economics; Mathematical
economics; Mercantilism; Monetary theory; Neoclassical economics; Physiocracy; Political
economy; Wealth.2

1 K. Winans, A. Kendall, H. Deng, The history and current applications of the circular economy
concept, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Volume 68, Part 1, February 2017,
Pages 825-833, ISSN 1364-0321, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.09.123.
(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032116306323)
Keywords: Industrial ecology; Industrial symbiosis; Closed-loop; Material flow; Waste
management; Resource use

2 Margaret Schabas, Political Economy, History of, In International Encyclopedia of the Social &
Behavioral Sciences (Second Edition), edited by James D. Wright,, Elsevier, Oxford, 2015,
Pages 356-361, ISBN 9780080970875, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-097086-8.03033-6.
(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780080970868030336)
Economy and Endurance in Human Evolution
Abstract: Summary
The evolutionary pressures shaping humans unique bipedal locomotion have been a focus of
research since Darwin, but the origins of humans economical walking gait and endurance
running capabilities remain unclear. Here, I review the anatomical and physiological
determinants of locomotor economy (e.g., limb length and posture) and endurance (e.g., muscle
volume and fiber type) and investigate their development in the hominin fossil record. The
earliest hominins were bipedal but retained ape-like features in the hind limb that would have
limited their walking economy compared to living humans. Moreover, the evolution of bipedalism
and the loss of the forelimbs in weight support and propulsion would have reduced locomotor
endurance in the earliest hominins and likely restricted ranging. Australopithecus evinced longer
hind limbs, extended limb posture, and a stiff midfoot, suggesting improved, human-like
economy, but were likely still limited in their endurance compared to modern humans. The
appearance of skeletal traits related to endurance (e.g., larger limb joints, spring-like plantar
arch) in Homo was somewhat mosaic, with the full endurance suite apparent only 1 million
years ago. The development of endurance capabilities in Homo appears to parallel the
evolutionary increase in brain size, cognitive sophistication, and metabolic rate. 3

Multidimensional Model of Assessment of Economic

Thinking in College Students

Abstract: The Economic Thinking in undergraduates is a strategic aspect of research in

the framework of higher education, given its critical impact on the development of skills
and professional standards expected in front of the Scientific and Technological
Innovation. The main contribution of this study focuses on the development of a
Multidimensional Model of Assessment of Economic Thinking, from the perspective of
Self-Organizing Systems. The methodology has an approach empirical-analytic. In
relation to the instruments and results correspond to a perspective of Adaptative
System based in Item Response Theory (IRT), Complexity Theory and Fractal Models
(L-system) about the competence in solving economic problems, knowledge of
financial aspects, responsible consumption, sustainable development, and the attitudes
to understanding the economic world.
Keywords: Economic Thinking; Economic Socialization Model; Perspective Theory;
Complexity Theory; Self-Organized Systems; Item Theory Response (IRT);
Computerized Adaptive Test; Chaos Theory; Fractal Models.4

3 Herman Pontzer, Economy and Endurance in Human Evolution, Current Biology, Volume 27,
Issue 12, 19 June 2017, Pages R613-R621, ISSN 0960-9822,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2017.05.031.
(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960982217305675)

4
Omar Fernando Corts Pea, Raimundo Abello Llanos, Marianela Denegri Coria, Andrs
Manuel Prez-Acosta, Multidimensional Model of Assessment of Economic Thinking in College
Students, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, Volume 191, 2015, Pages 1623-1628,
ISSN 1877-0428, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.04.638.
(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877042815029055)
Econophysics for philosophers
Abstract: In this essay review article I present a philosophers guide to econophysics, a
relatively new field that applies the concepts and methods of statistical physics (and,
more generally, other areas of physics) to economics (especially the economics of
financial markets). I do this by looking at eleven recent books on econophysics.
Keywords: Econophysics; Complexity; Statistical physics.5

5
Dean Rickles, Econophysics for philosophers, Studies in History and Philosophy of Science
Part B: Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics, Volume 38, Issue 4, 2007, Pages
948-978, ISSN 1355-2198, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.shpsb.2007.01.003.
(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1355219807000202)