Chapter 8

Operational Amplifiers
Dang Nguyen Chau Click to edit Master subtitle style
Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology
Email: chaudn@hcmut.edu.vn
Introduction
The operational amplifier, or op amp, is a fundamental building
block of analog circuit design.
The name operational amplifier originates from the use of this
type of amplifier to perform specific electronic circuit functions or
operations, such as scaling, summation, and integration, in analog
computers.
The first widely used general-purpose IC operational amplifiers is
uA741. The internal circuits of these op-amps used 20 to 50 bipolar
transistor.

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Introduction
Op-Amps advantages:
We can do almost anything with op-amp.
Op-amp circuits work at performance levels that are quite close
to those predicted theoretically.

The op-amp is a form of differential amplifier that responds to the

difference of two input signals.

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Introduction

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Introduction

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Introduction

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Ideal Op-Amp

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Ideal Op-Amp

Voltage transfer characteristic

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Ideal Op-Amp

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Ideal Op-Amp

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The Inverting configuration

vo R2

vi R1

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The Inverting configuration

vo R2

vi R1

Rf Rf Rf
vo v1 v2 ... vn
R1 R2 Rn

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The Inverting configuration

vo R2

vi R1

Rf Rf Rf
vo v1 v2 ... vn
R1 R2 Rn

If R1 = R2 = = Rn
Rf
vo v1 v2 ... vn
R1

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The Inverting configuration
Example: Find the output voltage vo

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The Inverting configuration
Example: Find the output voltage vo

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The Non-inverting configuration

vo R2
1
vi R1

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The Non-inverting configuration

vo R2
1
vi R1

vo R f RA RA RA
1 va vb vc
vi RB Ra Rb Rc
RA Ra / / Rb / / Rc

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The Non-inverting configuration

vo R2
1
vi R1

vo R f RA RA RA
1 va vb vc
vi RB Ra Rb Rc
RA Ra / / Rb / / Rc
If Ra = Rb = Rc
vo R f va vb vc
1
vi RB 3
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Difference Amplifiers

R2 R4 R2
vo vI 1 1 vI 2
R1 R3 R4 R1

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Difference Amplifiers

R2 R4 R2
vo vI 1 1 vI 2
R1 R3 R4 R1

R4 R2 R2 R2 R2
if vo vI 1 vI 2 vid
R3 R1 R1 R1 R1

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Integrators Circuit
t
1
vC t VC i1 t dt
C0

vo t vC t

t t
1 1
vo t i1 t dt VC vi t dt VC
C0 RC 0

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Integrators Circuit
t
1
vo t vi t dt VC
RC 0
Vo s 1

Vi s sCR

Low-pass filter

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Integrators Circuit
t
1
vo t vi t dt VC
RC 0
Vo s 1

Vi s sCR

Low-pass filter
Integrators frequency
1
int
CR

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Differentiators Circuit
dvI t
vo t CR
dt
Vo s
sCR
Vi s

Differentiator frequency
1
High-pass filter dif
CR

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Voltage Current Converters

vS
io i1
R1

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Current Voltage Converters

vo ii R2

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Log Amplifier

vi
i1 iD I S e vo /VT
R1

vI
vo VT ln
I R
S 1

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Exponential Amplifier

iD I S e vI /VT

vo I S RevI /VT

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The Instrumentation Amplifier

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The Instrumentation Amplifier

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The Bridge Circuit

R2 1 R2
vo1 V
R2 1 R1 R2 R1

R1 / / R2
vo1 V
R2 R1

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The Instrumentation Amplifier

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