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Geodesy 70 terms kaquisado

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The celestial equator Terrestrial equatorial plane with the celestial sphere
is a great circle
which is the
intersection of the

An observertical axis Normal to the horizon of the observer

in the celestial
sphere is a line

The great circle that The parallel at zero latitude

divides the earth
divides the earth

with the northern

and southern
hemisphere
The great circle that Meridian at zero longitude
divides the earth
with the eastern and
western hemisphere

Position of the At latitude 90N

observer when his
horizon is normal to
the polar axis of the
earth

Position of the At latitude zero

observer in the
northern hemisphere
when his horizon is
parallel to the polar
axis of the earth

The intersection of Ecliptic

the plane of the
earth's axis and the
celestial sphere is
the great circle
called the

Declination of a -23.5<D<23.5
point on the ecliptic
is

The point of zero Equinoxes

declination on the
ecliptic is at the

The point of Poles

maximum
declination on the
celestial sphere is at
the
the

The point of zero Equator

declination on the
celestial sphere is

The equinoctial Equinoxes

colure is an hour
circle passing the

The Solstitial Colure Summer and Winter solstice

is an hour circle
passing the

The Right Ascension Celestial equator eastward from the equinoctial

of a star is the angle colure to the hour circle of the star
measured along the

The sidereal hour equator westward from vernal equinox to the hour
angle of a star is the circle of the star.
angle measured
along the

The Greenwich hour Equator westward from prime meridian to the hour
angle of a star is the circle of the star
angle measured
along the

The meridian is both Vertical and Hour circle.

a

From pole to star Polar Distance

along its hour circle

From equator to star Declination

along its hour circle

From zenith to star Zenith Distance

along its vertical
circle

From horizon to star Altitude

along its vertical
circle
The local hour angle Meridian of the place westward to the hour circle of
of a star with respect the star along the equator
to place of
observation is the
angle measured
from the

A star is at its Hour and Vertical circles are normal (i.e Parallactic
elongation when its Angle = 90)

A star is at its transit The vertical circle of a star coincides with the
at a place when meridian of the place.

Coordinates of (Altitude, Azimuth)

Horizon System

Coordinates of Hour (Declination, Hour Angle)

Angle

Coordinates of Right (Declination, RA)

Ascension

Coordinates of (Ecliptic Latitude, Ecliptic Longitude)

Ecliptic

Intersection of N and S
celestial horizon and
meridian

Intersection of E and W
celestial horizon and
celestial equator

Observation of Earth Artificial Satellite

surface by moving
around the Earth is
called

It is taken as the Gravity

resultant obtained
by combining the
force of the earth's
attraction due to
gravitation and the
gravitation and the

centrifugal force
due to the rotation
of the earth

Methods of Absolute and Relative

determination of
gravity

A type of gravity Absolute

determination in
which both P and L
are measured and
from which g may
be calculated

An optical device Interferometer

consisting of a lamp
and lens arranged
so that to furnish a
beam of sodium
light

A very sensitive Eotvos torsion balance

instrument which
measures minute
variations in the
force of gravity

Tidal BM are to be Tidal Station

installed at

Sea crossing BM is 100 meter from intersection of river and sea

installed at

Sea or River Reciprocal Leveling

Crossing Leveling
Methods up to
about 300m

Sea or River Tilting Screw

Crossing Leveling
Methods up to
Methods up to

about 5km

Sea or River Theodolite

Crossing Leveling
Methods more than
5km

Vertical or inclined Winze

tunnel driven
downward for
connecting the
upper and lower
level of transferring
elevation

The angle at a point Deflection of the vertical

on the geoid
between the vertical
and the normal to
spheroid of
reference

In leveling, the Circuit Closure

amount by which the
algebraic sum of the
measured
differences in
elevation around a
circuit fails to equal
zero

A small net of Base net

Geometric figures
used to expose from
a baseline to a line
of its main scheme
of triangulation

GPS Positioning Absolute or Point

Modes wrt a well-
defined reference
defined reference
system

GPS Positioning Relative or Differential

Modes wrt another
fixed point

GPS Positioning Static

Modes wrt
positioning of
stationary points in
either absolute or
relative mode. The
most common mode
for surveying

GPS Positioning Kinematic

Modes wrt
positioning of
moving points in
either absolute or
relative mode.
Generally regarded
as the navigation
mode

GPS Positioning Pseudo-Kinematic

Modes positioning
of stationary points
with one receiver
occupying known
point while one or
more roving
receivers occupy
stations for short
periods. Both
receivers must
receive signal of 4
satellites
continuously.
Suitable for 3rd
order control

GPS Positioning Rapid Static

Modes positioning
of stationary points
with one receiver
occupying known
point while one or
more roving
receivers occupy
stations for short
periods. The roving
receivers do not
have to maintain
lock between
stations. Requires
receivers capable of
recording L
frequency and P
code

Height referred to Orthometric (H)

geoid

Elevation of geoid Geoidal (N)

above the spheroid

H+N= Spheroidal (h)

Branch of Uranography
cartography
concerned with
mapping of stars,
galaxies and other
heavenly bodie

The science of Horology

timekeeping is
called
Which of the D.
following is not
true? The Polaris we observe on a night sky is a "3" star
a. Any month in the system
Gregorian Calendar
that begins on a
Sunday will have a
Friday the 13th.
b. France has
actually 12 time
zones
c. A light year
measures distance
and not time
d. The Polaris we
observe on a night
sky is a 4 star system

How much longer is 3 min and 56 sec

the apparent solar
day compared to a
sidereal day?

The equation of time 16.5 min

never exceeds

Polaris, the pole star, Ursa Minor

is found in which of
the following
constellation?

A normal section Prime Vertical Section

with azimuth equal
to 90 degrees

At what value will Equator

the value of M be
minimum?

What astronomical Altitude and Azimuth

coordinates are
constantly changing
constantly changing
and can be readily
measured by a
theodolite?

The sun's apparent Ecliptic

yearly path

Moving along its Autumnal Equinox

yearly path, the sun
crosses the celestial
equator in an
apparent motion
from north to south.
What is this position
called?

In the formula for Semi-perimeter of the PZS Triangle

computing angle A
for solar
observation, the
variable S is equal to

NAVSTAR GPS Navigational Satellite Timing and Ranging GPS

means

Indirect Leveling is Trigonometric Leveling

also called

Change in Precession
orientation of the
rotational axis of the
earth in a 26000
year period

A branch of Hypsography
geography that
deals with the
measurement and
mapping of the
varying elevations of
the earth's surface
the earth's surface

with reference to
sea level