Lecture 1 to

1 Mark

1. What is RSSI?
2. What is value in 2nd generation wireless cellular system?
3. In the US, spectrum is allocated by the _____________________ for commercial use.
4. What is MTSO?
5. Name a low cost, low power radio.
6. Brief ETSI?
7. What is ISM band?
8. Give the frequency range of ultra wide band radios.
9. What is frequency reuse?
10. For i=1 and j=2 what would be the cluster size N
11. What is the range of Bluetooth?
12. For i=2 and j=3 what would be the cluster size N
13. What are the topologies supported by WLAN?
14. What is the minimum acceptable signal strength for acceptable voice quality at the base
station?
15. How many CDPD data lines are needed to achieve the same data rate as the average
rate of WiMax?
2 Mark

1. For i=1 and j=2 what would be the frequency reuse ratio?
2. Write about tele-point services in cordless phone system.
3. Write about umbrella cell approaches and its use in cellular system.
4. What are the licensed and unlicensed bands of WLAN
5. Write shots notes on MAHO.
6. Jot down the important characteristics of dynamic channel assignment
7. List the advantages of paging system
8. Write on the fixed channel assignment.
9. What is the significance of the value in handoff.
10. What are the Technical issues of using radio components operating in very high frequency
(GHz) range.
11. Define cell dragging.
12. Write notes on dwell time
13. Why does minimizing the reuse distance maximize the spectral efficiency of a cellular
system?
14. Name the design issues that complicate the trend of cellular systems migrating towards
smaller cells for improving capacity.
16 Marks

1. A) Explain in detail the technical issues in wireless communication.

B) Cellular systems are migrating to smaller cells to increase capacity. Name atleast three
design issues which are complicated by this trend.

2. A) Illustrate with diagram handoff scenarios at cell boundary during

a. Improper handoff scenario
 b. Proper handoff scenario.

B) Give short comment on IEEE 802.11 standards

3. A) Explain satellite networks and tell how they retained their market in current wireless
communication.
B) Find the round trip time delay of data sent between a satellite and the earth for LEO, MEO
and GEO satellites assuming the speed of light 3 x 108 m/s. If the maximum acceptable delay
for a voice system is 30 ms, which system would be acceptable for two-way communication?

4. A) This problem demonstrates the capacity increases as cell size decreases. Consider a square
city that is 100 square kilometers. Suppose you design a cellular system for this city with
square cells, where every cell(regardless oc cell size) has 100 channels so can support 100
active users.
(i) What is the total number of active users that your system can support for a cell size
of 1 square kilometer?
(ii) What cell size would you use if you require that your system support 250,000 active
users?

B) What is Hand-off, brief the context.

5. A) Write down the advantage of wireless LAN over wired LAN. Explain wireless LAN in detailed.
B) Brief on cordless phones.

6. A) Explain in detail about low power, low cost radios

B) Brief on co channel cells and frequency reuse.

7. Brief on WiMax.

1 Mark

1. The transmit power must be reduced by ____________ in order to fill in the original
coverage area with microcells, while maintaining signal to interference ratio
required.
2. Received power variation due to path loss occurs over ________________ distance
3. Received power variation due to path loss and shadowing occurs over relatively
large distance, these variations are referred to a ________________ effects.
4. Range of frequencies used for wireless system operation is _____________.
5. For a Base station with sectored antenna of beamwidth 60o how many antennas will
be needed to cover around a hexagonal cell.
6. Received power variation due to shadowing occurs over __________ distance.
7. Name any simple ray tracing model.
8. What is LOS path?
9. The base station receivers are preceded by a _____________ filter in order to reject
adjacent channel interference.
 10. The received signal power falls off in inverse proportion to ___________ between
the transmit and receive antennas.
11. Ray tracing technique approximates the propagation of electromagnetic waves by
representing the wavefronts as ___________.
12. What is path gain?

2 Marks

1. Write short notes on path loss

2. Under the free space path loss model, find the transmit power required to obtain a
received power of 1 dBm for a wireless system with isotropic antenna (Gl=1) and a
carrier frequency f = 5 G Hz, assuming a distance d = 10 m
3. Give the expression of Doppler frequency.
4. List down the computer based programs available on ray tracing.
5. Write short notes on shadowing.
6. How adjacent channel interference be reduced in cellular system?
7. What is near-far effect?
8. What are multipath components?
9. Brief on small scale propagation effects.
10. Give the expression of free space path gain.
11. What are the techniques available to improve the coverage and capacity in cellular
system.
12. Brief on co-channel cells.
14 marks
1. If a signal to interference ratio of 15dB is required for satisfactory forward channel
performance of a cellular system. What is the frequency reuse factor and cluster size
that should be used for maximum capacity if the path loss exponent is (a) n = 4, (b) n =
3? Assume that there are six co-channel cells in the first tier, and all of them are at the
same distance from the mobile. Use suitable approximations
2. Explain on different methods for improving coverage and capacity in a cellular system.
3. If a transmitter produces 50 W of power, express the transmit power in units of (a) dBm
and (b) dBW. If 50 W is applied to a unit gain antenna with a 900 MHz carrier
frequency, find the received power in dBm at a free space distance of 100 m from the
antenna. What is Pr (10 Km)? Assume unity gain for receiver antenna.
4. A) Consider an indoor wireless LAN with fc = 900 MHz, cells of radius 10 m, and
nondirectional antennas. Under the free space path loss model, what transmit power is
required at the access point in order for all terminals within the cell to receive a
minimum power of 10 W? How does this change if the system Frequency is 5 GHz?.
B) Elaborate on free space path loss.

5. With necessary equations and diagram explain Two Ray model

6. A) Determine the critical distance for the two-ray model in an urban microcell( ht =
10m,, hr = 3m) and an indoor microcell (ht = 3m, hr = 2m) for fc = 2GHz.
B) Give the transmit and receive signal model and explain the Doppler shift with
necessary diagram.
 Lecture to

1 Marks
1. What are multipath components?
2. The rapid change in phase due to addition of multipath components is called
______________________.
3. The most common model for additional attenuation follow _________________
distribution.
4. Acurate path loss models can be obtained from _________________ or ______________
5. In combined path loss and shadowing model, the path loss decreases linearly relative to
10 with a slope of _____________.
6. What is LOS component?
7. Brief on the phenomenon of fading.
8. The transmit power 1mW = ________ dBm
9. The value of impulse response (, ) for a time invariant channel is ____
10. The formula for constant K in simplified path loss model in dB is ____________
11. Channel delay spread is highly dependent on _________________
12. Non-resolvable multipath component does not satisfy _____________ condition
13. Write Q-function in terms of error function.

2 Mark

1. Give the ratio of transmit to receive power for shadow fading model
2. What is decorrelation distance, ?
3. Define delay spread
4. Jot down few comments on time varying channel.
5. Brief on the phenomenon of fading
6. Give the equation for impulse response of a time invariant channel
7. What is Q-function?
8. When does the multipath components becomes non-resovable?
9. What happens to the amplitude of the summed signal when the multipath components are
non-resolvable?
10. What is the significance of delay spread?
11. Give the phase change and Doppler shift of a multipath component reflected by a single
reflector.
12. Give the simplified model for path loss.

14 Marks
1. Consider a set of empirical measurements of given in the table below for an indoor
system at 900 MHz. Find the path loss exponent that minimizes the MSE between the
simplified model and the empirical dB power measurements, assuming that 0 = 1 and K
is determined from the free-space path gain formula at this 0 . Also find the received power
at 150m for the simplified path-loss model with this path-loss exponent and a transmit power
of 1mW.
Distance from transmitter M =
10 m -70 dB
20 m -75 dB
50 m -90 dB
100 m -110 dB
300 m -125 dB

2. A) Explain how the complexity of signal propagation reduced using simplified path loss model.
B) Find the simplified multipath delay for a two-ray channel model, when transmitter and
receiver separation is relatively large d = 100 m, with ht = 10m and hr = 4m.

3. A) Give thee ray tracing model for random attenuation environment which undergoes shadow
fading.
B) Consider a time-variant indoor wireless channel with LOS component at delay 23 ns, a
multipath component at delay 48 ns, and another multipath component at delay 67 ns. Find
the delay spread assuming that the demodulator synchronizes to the LOS component.

2
4. For the simplified path loss model with = 3.71 and K = -31.54 dB, find , the variance of
log-normal shadowing about the mean path loss based on empirical measurements given
below.
Distance from transmitter M =
10 m -70 dB
20 m -75 dB
50 m -90 dB
100 m -110 dB
300 m -125 dB

5. Elucidate on combined path loss and shadowing model along with outage probability.
6. With proper equations explain the Impulse response of a time varying channel.
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