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ABSTRACT =
11000000.10101000.000
In order for systems to locate each other in a distributed00001.01100100
environment, nodes are given explicit addresses that
uniquely identify the particular network the system is on and
The binary number is
uniquely identify the system to that particular network. When
these two identifiers are combined, the result is a globally- important because that
unique address. This address, known as IP addresses, as IP will determine which
number, or merely as IP is a code made up of numbers class of network the IP
separated by three dots that identifies a particular computer
address belongs to. The
on the Internet. These addresses are actually 32-bit binary
numbers. In this paper we will explain the IP address and Class of the address
their classification, subnetting and super netting and also determines which part
explain the method of subnetting and super netting with the belongs to the network
help of suitable examples. We can secure our network and
address and which part
enhance the performance of the network with the help of
Subnetting and Super netting. [1] belongs to the node.
1. IP ADDRESSES 2. ASSIGNING IP
ADDRESS
The original Internet Protocol, IPv4, was developed in
the early 1980s and served the global Internet We can assign the IP
community for more than three decades. IPv4 had a address to computer with
capacity of just over four billion IP addresses, which the help of two methods
was enough for the experiment that the Internet started
as in the 1980s. But IPv4 is a finite space, and after Static IP (Manually)
years of rapid Internet expansion, the pool of available
unallocated addresses for IPv4 has been fully allocated
to Internet services providers (ISPs) and users. Only Dynamic IP
3.7 billion IPv4 addresses are usable by ordinary (Automatically with the
Internet access devices. The others are used for help of DHCP Server)
special protocols, like IP Multicasting. Today, none of
those 3.7 billion IPv4 addresses remain unallocated. [2] IP ADDRESS
CLASSIFICATION
Every machine on a network has a unique identifier.
Just as you would address a letter to send in the mail, IP addresses are divided
computers use the unique identifier to send data to into 5 classes
specific computers on a network. Most networks today,
including all computers on the Internet, use the TCP/IP
protocol as the standard for how to communicate on Class A
the network. In the TCP/IP protocol, the unique
identifier for a computer is called its IP address.
C
110
A
00000000
0
D
1110 126
B
10000000
128
E
1111 191
C
11000000
192
Class A - 255.0.0.0
g Value NNNNNNNN.HHHHHHHH.
HHHHHHHH.HHHHHHHH
Volume 4, Issue 5(2), September October 2015
Page 87
International Journal of Emerging Trends & Technology in
Computer Science (IJETTCS)
There is a set pattern of static leading bits for each Chart -3 shows the
class max. No. of valid hosts
Byte
Range
work
t
of Valid 2n-m -2
No. of Valid
2n-2
In
order to avoid
address
C
Leading conflicts,
10
bits)
128 to
224-3 -2
bits)
216-2 -2
16
(NIC) [5]. 2 -2
A public
IP
address
is B
assigned
to every
16
16
C
110
0 192 to
the
same address is assigned to the computer by
public the Internet Service
28-1 -2 IP
28-2 =254
224-2 address all
the computers to
over
find each other
the
online and
Internet.
exchange
(m=2)
191
1 to 126
8
24
This addressing
scheme
makes
it
possible
for address that is
assigned to the
computer. The
unique. In this case, there cannot public IP
exist two computers with
A public IP address can
be either static or dynamic. A
addresses and
changes
Chart -1 show
the No. of
network and
host bits
connected it gets
primarily for hosting web pages a new IP.
or services on the
Page 88
to their
computer which
goes off when
is chosen from a pool of available the computer is
International Journal of Emerging Trends & Technology in
Computer Science (IJETTCS)