Strength of Materials

Modulus of Resilence
The maximum energy that can be absorbed per unit volume without creating a permanent
distortion. It can be calculated by considering the area under the stress-strain curve in elastic
region.

Toughness:
It is the property of a material whereby it absorbs energy due to straining actions by undergoing
plastic deformation.

Stiffness

Ability of a material to resist deformation induced due to the load is known as stiffness.

Hardness:
It is the ability of the material to resist penetration from another material. A number called
hardness number is used to measure hardness of various materials. Sometimes hardness is
measured by size of indentation of steel balls under standard pressure using hardness testing
machine.

Stability
Ability to support a given load without experiencing a sudden change in its configuration

Thermal Stresses
Every material expands when temperature rises and contracts when temperature falls. It is
established experimentally that the change in length is directly proportional to the length of
the member L and change in temperature t. Thus

The constant of proportionality is called coefficient of thermal expansion and is defined as

change in unit length of material due to unit change in temperature

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 Strength of Materials

Extension/shortening of a simple bar

Simple Bars with cross sections varying in steps

Simple Taper bar with circular cross section

Change in length of the tapering circular bar

pg. 12
 Strength of Materials

Compound Bar

Bars made up of two or more materials are called composite/compound bars. They may have
same length or different lengths
Consider a member with two materials. Let the load shared by material 1 be P1 and that by
material 2 be P2.

And extension of the bars of material 1 and 2 respectively

Extension of compound bar l = l1 = l2.

pg. 13