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Over the past several years, many innovative and revolutionary techniques have been
developed in order to treat cancer. These techniques range from basic surgical removal to X-
ray irradiation to system wide flooding with anticancer agents. However, each of these
approaches has its own series of undesirable side effects that are both dangerous and
damaging to the overall health of the patient. On the contrary, recent breakthroughs in
nanomedicine have managed to change all that. Now at last there is hope for a cure that is
effective and can be made it safe.
Use of nanomedicines for cancer is one of the largest and most evolving segments containing
multiple products in both market and clinical pipeline. Nanotechnology based liposome
products could be observed as one of the most advance segment among oncology medicines.
For instance, Doxil by Ortho pharmaceuticals was among first approved cancer nanomedicines
by US FDA in 1995 for treating AIDS-related Kaposis sarcoma. DaunoXome by Galen Ltd is
also a liposomal formulation used for the treatment of HIV relates Kaposi sarcoma and clinical
trials for utilization of this medicine for leukemia is also under investigation. More products
are at different stages of clinical trials which will be introduced in global market in coming
years.
Nanoparticles are easily absorbed by cells due to smaller size and investigators used this
property in disease diagnosis. Oncologists can get better idea of tumor shape and size along
with exact location for better treatment. In market few nanoparticle based imaging agents
are presents which are used for Magnetic Resonance (MR) imaging. For instance, Endorem by
Guerbet, Resovist by Bayer and Feridex by Berlex Laboratories are SPIO nanoparticles
commonly used for imaging. Besides oncology, they are also used in cardiovascular and
cerebral disease diagnoses which also have mature market. Use of these nanoparticles in
ultrasound based imaging has been proposed by investigators. This market has less
competition and few products which gives significant opportunities to tap this segment. New
products are expected to enter in this segment in coming years due to which its size is
expected to increase several folds in future.
systemic toxicity, and the dose delivered as well as the therapeutic efficacy can be
accurately measured noninvasively with time. In the future, nanotechnology could possibly be
strategically implemented in new developing drug delivery systems which could lead to
significant expansion in the drug markets. These new drug delivery methods are likely to
provide the appropriate platform for the pharmaceutical companies to reformulate their
existing drugs in the market. This would in turn lead to extending the life of their products
and ensuring an improved performance of drugs by increasing effectiveness, safety and
patient adherence, and ultimately reducing healthcare costs.
Table of Contents
Prerequisite of Nanomedicines
2.1 Conventional Cancer Treating Approaches
2.2 Nanomedicines: Overcoming the Hurdles
Diversification of Nanomedicines
Competitive Landscape
15.1 Abraxis BioScience
15.2 Access Pharmaceuticals
15.3 Alnylam Pharmaceuticals
15.4 Amgen
15.5 Arrowhead Research
15.6 BIND Therapeutics
15.7 Cadila Healthcare
15.8 Celegen Corporation
15.9 Celsion Corporation
15.10 Genzyme Corporation
15.11 Merck
15.12 NanoCarrier
15.13 Nippon Kayaku
15.14 Nanobiotix
15.15 Novavax
15.16 Pfizer
15.17 Roche
15.18 Samyang
15.19 Sanofi
15.20 Takeda Pharmaceutical
List of Figures
Figure 1-1: Goals of Nanomedicines
Figure 2-1: Advantages of Nanomedicines over Conventional Therapies
Figure 3-1: Various Classes of Nanomedicines
Figure 3-2: Classification of Nanoparticles
Figure 3-3: Classification on Basis of Applicability
Figure 3-4: Dimensional Nanoconstructs
Figure 4-1: Mechanism of Nanomedicine to Destruct Tumor Cells
Figure 4-2: Vasculature of Tumor and Normal Cell
Figure 4-3: Nanoparticle Drug Delivery Benchmark
Figure 4-4: Liposomes as Nanocarriers
Figure 4-5: Structure of Dendrimers
Figure 4-6: Diverse Drug Release Mechanisms
Figure 5-1: Structure of Nanospheres and Nanocapsules
Figure 5-2: Processes Involved in Organic Polymeric Nanoparticles
Figure 5-3: Nanoparticle Production Methods
Figure 5-4: Different Categories of Emulsions
Figure 5-5: Scheme of Different Strategies of Interfacial Polymerization
Figure 5-6: Different Type of Inorganic Nanoparticle
Figure 5-7: Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles
Figure 6-1: Functioning of Biosensors in Cancer Detection
Figure 6-2: Detection of Cancer Cells with Quantum Dots