Analysis of The Effect on Induced Voltage Initiate by Insulated Ground Wire Transposition

in Double-circuit Transmission Line on the Same Tower

Fang Yuqun1, Qian Liqun1, Hu Taishan2, ZHANG Bo2, Xu Dongze2
(1.State Grid Jinhua Power Supply Company, Jinhua 321001, China;
2. School of Electrical EngineeringWuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China)

Abstract: In order to study the effect on Induced voltage initiate by ground wire transposition in the same tower dou-
ble circuit transmission line, we attempted to analyze the formation mechanism of ground wire induction voltage.
Simulation models of typical 500kV double-circuit transmission line are established by ATP-EMTP software and cal-
culations of induce voltage on ground wires are performed with different phase sequence array. The results show that,
the restriction by ground wire transposition is mainly caused by the phase difference of inductive electromotive forces
in the two ground wires. The restriction effect is better when phase difference is greater, and the best effect to reduce
inductive voltage is adopting reverse phase sequence which the inductive electromotive forces in two sides of ground
wire are almost inverse. Due to the inductive electromotive forces in ground wire transposition points are not totally
inverse, the effect is not multiple while continuous and multiple transposition were made.
Key wordsInsulated ground wire; inductive voltage; phase sequence array; ground wire transposition

With the increase of the grid size and voltage

0. Introduction
During normal operation of the transmission line,
because the three-phase transmission line is not
completely symmetrical position in space, the in-
duced electromotive force is generated due to
electrostatic induction and electromagnetic induc-
tion and between the wire and overhead ground
wire. When the overhead ground wire is adopting
by tower grounding method, inductive current loop
will be formed along" left ground wire-right ground
wire" and "ground wire - ground" resulting in power
loss of the ground wire. In order to reduce and
avoid the loss of ground wire, single point ground-
ing of ground wire insulation is more and more
taken in the field of high-voltage transmission.
However, under this grounding mode, the induced
electromotive force of overhead lines will be su-
perimposed along, and ground wire will produce a
certain value of induced voltage. When the voltage
classes of transmission line is high or the length of
insulated ground wire is large, the high voltage of
overhead ground wire would produce a security
threat to person or equipments, or cause the break-
down of the insulation gapinsulator for ground
wire falling off and other accidents.
level, Accidents which are caused by induced volt-
age of insulated overhead ground wire often occur.
In the EHV and UHV transmission system, in order
to conserve the transmission corridor`s resources,
tower double-circuit lines are more and more.
Common measures to limit ground induced voltage
include ground wire sectioningground wire ring
opening ground wire transposition and so on. At
present, some relevant researches on the induced
voltage of the ground wire have been done. But re-
searches about the limiting of the ground wire
transposition are less, and the regularity conclusions
for all types of tower double-circuit line have not
been formed yet, which is to the disadvantage of
practical engineering to implement the ground wire
transposition.
In this paper, typical 500kV Double Circuit
Transmission Lines are established with the use of
ATP-EMTP, simulating the limiting of ground wire
transposition to the induced voltage under different
phase sequence arrangement. And author makes a
theoretical analysis of the simulation results which
provides a technical basis for better implementation
of the ground wire transposition in actual transmis-
sion line.

978-1-5090-0496-6/16/$31.00 2016 IEEE

1. Theoretical analysis and field measure- In the above formula, I iA is the A-phase`s con-
ments ductor current of the i-line. d1ia d1ib d1ic
1.1 Electromagnetic induction electromotive distance between the 1st ground wire and the
force i-line`s A, B, C three-phase conductor, and the rest
When the overhead ground wires are ensured that may be deduced by analogy.
there is at least one point reliably grounded, the 2. The simulation model
self-capacitance between ground wire and the earth Line load current is set to 1600A; line length is
is shielded, making the electrostatic induction be- 40km; horizontal span of the tower is 400m; the
tween conductor and ground wire shielded wire model is 4* LGJ-400/35; earth resistance is
substantially. The induced electromotive force of 300m; ground wire model is JLB20A-150. And
overhead ground wire is generated by electromag- the ground wire sags are respectively 15m and 12m.
netic induction mainly. Load power factor is 0.95. And the ground wire and
The self-impedance of transmission lines or conductor`s parameters are shown in Table 2. Take
ground wire is reverse phase sequence as an example, the spatial
D0 position distribution of wire and Ground wire on the
Z nn = ( R + 0.05 + j 0.145lg ) 1
re tower is shown in figure 1.

10
D0 = 210 2 Table2 Parameters of conductor and ground wire
f
conductor Ground wire
In the above two formulas, D0 is equivalent depth type 4*LGJ-400/35 JLB20A-150
of vagabond current, which depends on the earth internal diame-
0.334 0.594
resistivity mand current frequency fHz ter/cm
re is effective radius of the wire. external diame-
1.177 0.687
Mutual impedance between the conductor and ter/cm
ground wire is DC resistance/
0.01847 0.5807
D /km
Z mn = 0.05 + j 0.145lg 0 3
d mn Split interval/mm 450 -
Wherein, dmn is the distance between the Split angle/(e) 90 -
conductor and the ground wire.
During the transmission line normal opera-
tion, the three-phase current is balance,

Ia = Ib = 2 Ic 4

Wherein, = 120D It can be calculated that

the electromagnetic induction electromotive force
per kilometer on ground wire 1 and 2-- E1 and
E2(V/km)[1]
n
d d
E1 = j 0.145 I iA 2 lg 1ia + lg 1ia 5
i =1 d1ib d1ic

n
d d
E2 = j 0.145 I iA 2 lg 2ia + lg 2ia 6 Fig.1 Conductors layout of the crossing transmission
i =1 d 2ib d 2ic
lines
 3

3. The simulation of ground wire transpo-
sition
3.1 Ground wire transposition effects of different
phase sequence arrangement
Phase sequence arrangement of tower dou-
ble-circuit line can be divided into three categories:
same phase sequence arrangement as ABC/ABC;
Reverse phase sequence arrangement as ABC/CBA
and different phase sequence arrangement. With
different arrangement of the phase sequence, over-
head ground wire insulated is single-point grounded
across the board, and the end of the line is the
grounding point. The ground wire interchanged at
the middle of the line tower (#50 tower). Observe
the left ground wire, and the ground wire induced
voltage variations by simulation are shown in Fig-
ure 2.

Figure.2 Induced voltage distribution of ground wire before and after transposition with different phase sequence
 It began to change after the transposition points(#
It can be concluded from the figure 2 that the 50 tower). Phase sequence arrangements of tower
distribution of the ground wire induced voltage be- double-circuit line are different, while the effects of
fore transposition point is as the same as the ground wire transposition limitation to induced
distribution that the ground wire is not transposed. voltage are different. The comparison of the maxi-
mum induced voltage along the Ground wire around
transposition is shown as in table 3.
Transpose once In the middle of ground wire,
and the induced voltage of ground wire is not
changed completely in the case of same phase se-
quence arrangement; while the induced voltage
dropped to 48.55% in the case of reverse phase se-
quence arrangement, approximately halved
compared with no-transposition. All induced volt-
ages have declined when it applies four kinds of
different phase sequence arrangement, and the de- Figure.3 Multiple transposition induction voltage dis-
crease amplitudes are between 0.63% and 13.78%. tribution with Inverse phase sequence
 Figure 3 shows that ground wire transposes twice
Table3Induced voltage of ground wire before and after continuously, the maximum induced voltage is situ-
transposition with different phase sequence ated in the end of the line, which is 1420.59V, a
Decline little less than the induced voltage that transposed
phase se-
type before/V after/V range once, dropping to 50.53% of the induced voltage
quence
/% with no transposition. Ground wire transposes three
same sequence ABC/ABC 6908.93 6908.93 0 times continuously, the maximum induced voltage
Inverse phase of ground wire is 1135.97V, which is 40.4% of the
ABC/CBA 2811.56 1446.51 48.55
sequence induced voltage with no transposition. It can be
ABC/ACB 6432.97 6392.2 0.63 seen that, the more times ground wire transposes,
Other
ABC/BAC 5597.78 5241.3 6.37 the greater limiting effect to the induced voltage is.
phase
ABC/BCA 3960.82 3415.06 13.78 In the actual line, the requirements for the tower
sequence
ABC/CAB 4266.09 3493.93 18.1 model, construction sites and construction technol-
ogy are relatively high. Thus, it is recommended
3.2 The simulation of ground wire repeatedly that carrying out ground wire transposition
transposition measures once at most to control induced voltage of
Ground wire transposed one time in the middle of ground wire in an insulated inner section of over-
line, it can be found that inverse phase sequence head ground wire.
arrangement limits the ground wire induced voltage 4. Reason analysis of simulation results
most. Induced voltage is reduced to 1/2of the max-
4.1 Ground wire transposition results under dif-
imum value approximately after transposed. In
ferent phase sequence
order to understand the limiting of ground wire
From the simulation results, transposition
transposition to induced voltage better, in the case
measures on the ground wire would not limit the
of reverse phase sequence arrangement, set the
induced voltage effectively in the case of same
overall length of overhead ground wire as L, and
phase sequence arrangement. But it can play a role
then carry out transposition for consecutive n times
to varying degrees in different arrangement of phase
to overhead ground wire. Make sure that the trans-
sequence. Generally, it can play the greatest role in
position is on average, and the distribution of
the case of reverse phase sequence arrangement.
overhead Ground wire induced voltage along the
And the maximum induced voltage of ground wire
line is shown in Figure 3.
is reduced to approximately 1/2 of the original.
 5
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Figure.4 Induced voltage waveform with different

phase sequence
The main reason for this difference is that: Under
different phase sequence arrangement, the induced
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voltage of the left and right sides ground wire not
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only have different values, but also there is a big
difference between the retardation. When the
ground wire is not transposed, the terminal induced
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voltage waveforms of both sides ground wire in

different phase sequence arrangement are shown in
Figure 4.

Table4 Phase of Induced voltage waveform with dif-

6LPXODWLRQWLPHPV
F$%&$&% ferent phase sequence
phase
phase dif-
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type before/V after/V

sequence ferenc
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same se- ABC/AB 6908.93 6908.93
0
quence C -113.4 -113.4
Inverse
ABC/CB 2811.56 2657.77
6LPXODWLRQWLPHPV phase se- 132.7
G$%&%$& A -99.2 33.5
quence
ABC/AC 6432.97 6413.95
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12.9
B -98.6 -85.7

Other ABC/BA 5597.78 5542.68
37.6
phase C -132.5 -170.1
se- ABC/BC 3960.82 4266.09
65.8
quence A 221.8 156

ABC/CA 4266.09 3960.82
65.7
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 The phase value of ground wire induced voltage
under each phase sequence arrangement in Figure 4
are shown in Table 4. From the aspect of the value
of the induced voltage, induced voltage has a max-
imum value in the case of same phase sequence
arrangement; while it has a minimum value in dif-
ferent arrangement of phase sequence; and the value
of reverse phase sequence arrangement falls in be-
tween. It can be seen that reverse phase sequence
arrangement can limit induced voltage value of
ground wire for the most advantageous.
The limitation of ground wire transposition is
mainly caused by the induced electromotive force
retardation from both sides of ground wire. When
the tower double-circuit line is under reverse phase
sequence arrangement, the phase difference be-
tween left and right sides of ground wire induced
electromotive force is 132.7 degrees, close to the
inverting. After transposition, EMF of insulating
segment besides the transposition point on the same
ground wire is approximately reversal superimposi-
tion. So the induced voltage of ground wire is to be
offset substantially. Induced voltage decreased
gradually from the transposition point. But when it
arranged at the same phase sequence, amplitude and
phase of EMF on both sides of ground wire are ex-
actly same . EMF of both sides of the transposition
point cannot cancel each other out after transposi-
tion, so it would not achieve the effect of limiting.
The arrangement in addition to same & reverse
phase sequence arrangement is called different
phase sequence arrangement, that there are four
different kinds of phase sequence arrangement. The
analysis shows that it can be broadly classified into
two categories: Class arranged as ABC / ACB
and ABC / BAC , referring to the phase sequence
arrangement that the phase are same at both ends of
the cross arm ; the EMF phase difference under this
arrangement on both sides of ground wire is less
than / 4 ; Class arranged as ABC/BCA and
ABC/CAB, referring to the phase sequence ar-
rangement that the phase are different at both ends
of the cross arm; the EMF phase difference under
this arrangement is between / 4 to / 2. From ta-
ble 3, we can find that , after transposition, the in-
duced voltage drop of class is greater than class
.
Through the above analysis, it can be concluded
that : when double circuit transmission lines is un-
der different phase sequence arrangement, EMF
phase- difference of the left and right sides of
ground wire is between 0 to . The larger the phase
difference is, the more obvious limiting effect to
induced voltage of ground wire transposition is.
4.2 Analysis of ground wire transposition for
many times
Simulation shows that, ground wire transposition
for many times cannot help limiting on the induced
voltage. Take reverse phase sequence arrangement
for example, Supposing the overall length of ground
wire is L, across the board insulated endpoints are
grounded, overhead ground wire transposed con-
tinuously and uniformly for n times, as shown in
Figure 5. Respectively set the EMF of the first
transposition point`s both sides as Ef1 and Ef2, then
the induced voltage at the end of the line after first
transposition U= Ef1+ Ef2, as the phase diagram
shown in Figure 6.
Figure.5 Multiple transposition
Figure.6 The phasor diagram of the induced voltage
after the grounding line transposition

The induced voltage at the end of the line after
first transposition U is the phasor sum of the EMF
on both sides of transposition point. If the ground
wire is not transposed, the induced voltage of pitch
end is 2Ef1. Obviously, U2Ef1, so the ground wire
transposition makes the induced voltage on the line
reduced. And because of the Ef1 and Ef2 not com-
pletely inverted, both sides of the EMF is not fully
offset after transposition. So ground wire transposi-
tion for many times cannot limit the inducted
voltage double.
5. Conclusion
1)The simulation results of ground wire induced
voltage by ATP-EMTP is very close to measured
data, which means the simulation results is reliable.
2) Limiting effect of ground wire transposition is
mainly caused by the phase difference of induced
electromotive force of two side ground wire. Dou-
ble-circuit transmission line arranged by different
phase sequence, and the phase difference of the in-
duced electromotive force between left and right
side of ground wire ranges from o to . The bigger
the difference is, the more obviously the limiting
effect on induced electromotive force by earth wire
transposition is.
3) When double-circuit transmission line arranged
by Inverse phase sequence, the induced electromo-
tive force between left and right side of ground wire
is almost opposite-phase. After ground wire trans-
position, induced electromotive force at insulating
section on both sides of the transposition point is
stacked opposite-phase, so the induced electromo-
tive voltage is substantially offset, the induced
electromotive voltage starts declining from transpo-
sition point. When double-circuit transmission line
arranged by same phase sequence induced electro-
motive force of both side is exactly the same on
value and phase, the transposition of ground wire
cant limit the induced electromotive voltage. The
effect of limit the induced electromotive voltage
shows different degree under the four kind of phase
sequences.
7
4) When double-circuit transmission line arranged
by Inverse phase sequence and the OPGW is trans-
posed at the middle, the highest induced
electromotive voltage can be deduced to half of it
without transposition. The induced electromotive
voltage cant be totally offset because the induced
electromotive forces at both side of ground wire
transposition point is not exactly inverse phase. So
successive transposition of ground wire cannot
double the limit effect of induced electromotive
voltage. From the result, it is suggested that one
transposition of earth wire is enough for an insulat-
ing section of OPGW.
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