Overcoming

Poverty and Hunger

in

Bundelkhand
Dr. Yogesh Bandhu

Study Conducted by: Sponsored by:

and Indian National Social Action Forum-India

CENTER FOR CCONTEMPORARY STUDIES & RESEARCH Bread for the World –Germany
Bundelkhand: An Introduction

7 districts
8.2 million Population
Population density 278 person
Less than 10 percent urban population
6 percent SGDP
2 percent investment
 Demographic Profile of Bundelkhand

Urban Rural
Population Population
Districts % % SC % ST % BPL %

Banda 15.87 84.13 20.83 0.00 40.85

Chitrakoot 9.99 90.01 26.34 0.00 55.13
Jalaun 23.41 76.59 27.04 0.01 48.34
Jhansi 40.79 59.21 28.07 0.06 29.19
Lalitpur 14.52 85.48 24.93 0.00 30.47
Hamirpur 16.65 83.35 22.79 0.02 45.32
Mahoba 21.86 78.14 25.78 0.01 21.33
Bundelkhand 22.39 77.61 25.11 0.01 39
 Poverty in Bundelkhand
“Poverty encompasses different
dimensions of deprivation that relate to
human capabilities including consumption
and food security, health, education, rights,
voice, security, dignity and decent work.”

National Sample Survey (NSS) Method:

‘Poverty line', originally calculated for 1973-74,

71 % to 38 % from 1993-94 to 2003-04

BPL Survey:
13 indicators (latest is 2002 survey data)
 Poverty Across the State
Moderate (20% To
Very High (Above 50%) High (40% To 50 %) 40%) Low (Below 20%)
District % District % District % District %
Kaushambi 74.65 Kanpur (Nagar) 49.93 Gonda 36.95 Moradabad 19.77
Hardoi 74 Pratapgarh 49.09 Kannauj 35.85 Agra 19.43
Bahraich 72.11 Lucknow 49.06 Balrampur 35.69 G.B. Nagar 19
Mirzapur 68.38 Ghazipur 48.5 Azamgarh 32.87 Hathras 17.91
Sonbhadra 64.53 Jalaun 48.34 Farukkhabad 32.64 Etah 17.26
Unnao 59.51 Etawah 46.34 Lalitpur 30.47 Firozabad 13.61

Amb Nagar 59.15 Barabanki 46.15 Jhansi 29.19 Budaun 12.24

Rae Bareli 57.78 Sant Kab Nagar 45.99 Gorakhpur 28.24 Muzaffarnagar 11.68
Sitapur 57.46 Hamirpur 45.32 Allahabad 28.17 Deoria 11.67
Chitrakoot 55.13 Pilibhit 45.23 Bareilly 27.5 Bulandshahar 10.34
Banda 40.85 Mahoba 21.33
Total District 12 Total District 22 Total District 18 Total District 15
 Work Profile - Agriculture
Agricultural Household
Cultivation Other work
District labour Industry
1991 2001 1991 2001 1991 2001 1991 2001
Jhansi 46.1 44.6 16 10.6 5.1 5.5 32.7 39.3
Lalitpur 70.9 68.5 10.5 7 2.3 2.8 16.4 20.7
Jalaun 54.8 50.6 23.6 18.9 2 3.4 19.5 26.4
Hamirpur 50.6 50 31.1 22.2 3 3 15.3 24.5
Mahoba 54.4 17.7 3 23.5
Banda 59.2 54.6 26.7 20.4 2.4 3 11.8 21.4
Chitrakoot 66.2 18.4 2.4 12
Bundelkhand 56.3 55.6 21.6 16.5 3.0 3.3 19.1 24.0
UP average 47 15.1 5.3 32.6
India average 33.9 20.3 3.9 42.7
 Work Profile – other than Agriculture
Chitrak Hamir Maho % of
Sectors Banda oot Jalaun pur Jhansi Lalitpur ba Total total
Manufacturing
26282 9457 23726 17761 45586 14935 11709 149456 22.3
Trade and repair 22238 9365 24036 16349 37087 5082 10358 124515 18.6
Public administration &
defence 8126 4123 10962 5688 35654 8712 3050 76315 11.4
Construction 12756 3241 8800 8134 15233 5745 8548 62457 9.3
Transport, storage &
communication 6547 2928 6890 5153 22767 6751 4436 55472 8.3
Education 7795 3434 10120 5969 11128 4220 3800 46466 6.9
Other business activities 5793 2440 9074 2850 14970 3481 2122 40730 6
Agriculture related
service activities 5622 2559 4569 5319 5657 2293 3411 29430 4.4
Mining and quarrying 2597 1830 203 2103 1621 4379 2916 15649 2.3
Health and social work 2596 720 1593 2101 3433 1204 1362 13009 1.9
Total main workers 106700 45100 106953 77433 207396 70005 55776 669363 *****
 Women Work Participation

Female
Economic Workers as
Activity Workers in % of
Main Marginal Agricultura household female Non
workers workers Cultivators l laborers industries workers %
Banda 37.22 62.78 45.39 44.14 3.00 30.20 231
Chitrakoot 44.94 55.06 53.78 36.23 2.85 36.00 177
Jalaun 28.34 71.66 33.06 52.69 4.76 20.30 392
Hamirpur 31.27 68.73 35.21 53.35 2.48 27.40 265
Jhansi 39.27 60.73 39.60 37.66 8.95 23.10 333
Lalitpur 30.78 69.22 59.42 30.57 3.77 35.00 186
Mahoba 36.56 63.44 40.06 49.29 2.38 32.70 206
Bundelkhand 35.61 64.39 44.13 42.75 4.24 29.24 258
Food security is built on three pillars:
Food availability: sufficient quantities of
food available on a consistent basis.
Food access: having sufficient resources to
obtain appropriate foods for a nutritious
diet.
Food use: appropriate use based on
knowledge of basic nutrition and care, as
well as adequate water and sanitation.
 Dimentions of Food Security
Variable Dimentions
Physical
Food availability addresses the “supply side” of food security and is determined by
Availability of
the level of food production, stock levels and net trade.
Food
Economic An adequate supply of food at the national or international level does not in itself
and Physical guarantee household level food security. Concerns about insufficient food access
Access to have resulted in a greater policy focus on incomes, expenditure, markets and prices
Food in achieving food security objectives.
Utilization is commonly understood as the way the body makes the most of various
nutrients in the food. Sufficient energy and nutrient intake by individuals is the
Food
result of good care and feeding practices, food preparation, diversity of the diet
Utilisation
and intra-household distribution of food. Combined with good biological utilization
of food consumed, this determines the nutritional status of individuals.
Stability of Even if your food intake is adequate today, you are still considered to be food
the Other insecure if you have inadequate access to food on a periodic basis, risking a
Three deterioration of your nutritional status. Adverse weather conditions, political
Dimensions instability, or economic factors (unemployment, rising food prices) may have an
Over Time impact on your food security status.
Social Profile of Surveyed Families
DEATIL OF RATION CARD
Agricultural Land to Surveyed Families
 Average employment period of Working People

Male Female
Average Mont
Percenta Percenta
of Working No. No.
ge ge
Up to 3 Months 4.0 2.6 9.0 8.0
3 to 6 Months 12.0 7.7 45.0 40.2
6 to 9 Months 46.0 29.5 2.0 1.8
Almost Over
16.0 10.3 0.0 0.0
the Year
No Work 78.0 50.0 56.0 50.0
Total 156 100 112 100
Average Income of the Family
 Government’s Support Measures
Targeted direct feeding programs: These include
school meals; feeding of expectant and nursing
mothers as well as children under five through
primary health centres, soup kitchens and special
canteens;
Food-for-work programs: Food-for-work programs
provide support to households while developing
useful infrastructure such as small-scale irrigation,
rural roads, buildings for rural health centres and
schools.
Income-transfer programs: These can be in cash or
in kind, including food stamps, subsidized rations and
other targeted measures for poor households.
 Calorie share from the food groups

Rural Urban
Food groups
Calorie share
Cereals 68 62.7
Roots & fibre 2.4 2.8
Sugar & Honey 4.9 5.1
Pulses, nuts and oil
5.8 5.9
seeds
Vegitables & fruits 2 3.3
Meat, egg & fish 0.3 0.5
Milk & milk products 6.4 7.6
Oils & fats 8.7 10.1
Misc. food Products 1.4 2
 Distribution of food expenditure among major sub-groups

Rural Urban
Regions Food sub-groups Percent share in Percent share in
food expenditure food expenditure
Cerials 28.3 23.9
Pulses 8.4 7
Bundelkhand

Milk & products 20.9 23.4

Vegitables 9.2 10.1
Fruits 2.3 3.6
Intoxicants 6.5 4
Other food items 24.2 28.1
Cerials 32.2 24.3
Pulses 7.2 6.1
Milk & products 20 24.5
State

Vegitables 11.5 11.3

Fruits 1.6 2.8
Intoxicants 3.9 3.6
Other food items 23.6 27.3
MPCE and share spent on food for districts of UP (Urban)

Hhs share spent on food (MRP)

District Average MPCE
Share (%)
(in Rs.)

Jaloun 979.39 40.34

Jhansi 1293.2 37.79
Lalitpur 1063.7 42.51
Hamirpur 574.61 53.79
Mahoba 589.27 52.68
Banda 621.92 48.4
Chitrakoot 620.46 49.72
MPCE and share spent on food for districts of UP (Rural)

Hhs share spent on food (MRP)

Average MPCE
District (in Rs.) Share (%)
Jaloun 1020.29 46.95
Jhansi 756.72 54.85
Lalitpur 735.91 54.66
Hamirpur 503.62 54.47
Mahoba 546.34 55.65
Banda 536.65 56.24
Chitrakoot 530.72 52.84
 Possession of ration cards in regions of UP
Rural Urban
Ration card/
Per 1000 hhs Per 1000 hhs
Regions RSE(%) RSE(%)
possessing possessing
No card
Western 14.9 17.8 26.1 8.3
Central 18.4 6.7 39.3 4.9
Eastern 16.0 5.0 21.7 8.1
Bundelkhand 8.7 16.0 21.7 24.5
State 15.7 6.3 28.0 4.5
Antyodaya/ BPL cards
Western 9.0 7.7 3.9 19.5
Central 24.2 5.8 8.3 13.4
Eastern 23.2 3.7 9.2 12.8
Bundelkhand 26.7 8.1 14.5 26.7
State 18.7 2.9 6.6 8.7
Food Support from PDS
 MNREGA in Bundelkhand
Total Work Allotted To
Total Total Wor Individual Worked on the Field Individual
District Wor Wor ks not Worked
ks ks Com BPL Non BPL Total on the Field

Others

Others

Others

works
Going
Other
than
appr Ong plet

SCs

SCs

SCs
STs

STs

STs

On
On
oved oing ed
Banda 112 99 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 1 0 2 96 0

Chitrakoot528 512 1 2 0 40 14 0 104 16 0 144 352 1

Hamirpur 259 251 0 0 0 0 17 0 38 17 0 38 196 0
Jalaun 20 14 0 1 0 0 3 0 7 4 0 7 8 0
Lalitpur 221 212 0 0 0 1 3 1 50 3 1 51 157 0
Mahoba 263 172 0 0 0 0 55 0 62 55 0 62 102 0
109
Jhansi 0 960 0 0 0 1 127 1 393 127 1 394 489 0
bundelkha 249
nd 3 2220 1 3 0 42 220 2 656 223 2 698 1400 1
 MNREGA in Bundelkhand
Persons Engaged

Oth
SCs

Tot
STs

ers

al
District SC &ST
BANDA 166 3 1951 2120 8.0

CHITRAKOOT 1291 0 14184 15475 8.3

HAMIRPUR 2249 0 6792 9041 24.9

JALAUN 123 9 343 475 27.8
LALITPUR 467 99 13046 13612 4.2
MAHOBA 1447 6 3935 5388 27.0
JHANSI 8566 262 23645 32473 27.2

Bundelkhand 14309 379 63896 18.7

Grand Total 46246 9669 144597 200512 27.9

Performance of ICDS and MDM
 Inferences
Poverty exist in different forms…………
Access to food, lack of resources, deprivation

Government has its usual Concern…….

People are aware about program & policies…

Two Major Concern for Ensuring Entitlement…

Social Hierarchy
Good Governance
 You are welcome to suggest & Ask…..

Thank you !!

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