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    Coulson series. ChE Reviewer

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    Coulson series. ChE Reviewer

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    45 просмотров5 страниц

    Coulson Series

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    paoloasequia
    Coulson series. ChE Reviewer

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    ‘Cel. No. 0820-640-6837 1 Emall : feberc_cebu@yahoo.com CHE REVIEW a August 19, 2014 Chemical Engineering Principles covssen) 1. 98% sulphuric acid of viscosity 0.025 N sin2 and density 1840 kgims is pumped at 685 oma thr 2 25m ine Gaeta eva ofthe Rows nanbee oP _ 2572 2. Glass spheres are fluidized by water at a velocity equal o one half of their terminal faling velocities. Calculate the density of fuidized bed in kg per m*. The particles are 2 mm in diameter and have a Gensty of 2500 koi. The density and viscesty of water are 1000 Kah’ and 1 mN\-shn respectively 3. From te data In problem, Calta the pressure eracent inthe bed atrbutable tothe presence of articles. ‘Ans : 3605 Palm 4. Power of 3KWV is supplied to @ machine crusting material at the rate of 03 kis from 12 5 mm cubes to € product having the following sizes: 80 percent 3.175 mm, 10 percent 2.5 mm and 10 percent 2.25 mm. What power should be supplied to this machine to crush 0.3 kgis ofthe same material from 75 mm cube to 2.0 mm cube? Ans: 36 KW. 5. Whatis the mass of sphere of material of density 7500 kgf* whose terminal velocity in a large deep tank of water is 0.6 mis? Ans : 0.0299 6. What willbe the terminal faling velocity ofa glass sphere 1 mm in diameter in water if the density of lass is 2500 kghn?? ‘Ans : 0.145 mis 7. Whats the mass of sphere of density 7500 kan? which has a terminal velocity of 07 misin a large tank ‘water? ‘Ans : 0.066 9 . 8, Whats the terminal velocity of @ 2 inch ameter aluminum sphere faling in air? Assume that the sphere has @ coefficient of drag of 05, the density of aluminum is 5.12 sligf®, and the density of 0.00234 ‘Ans : 17 10s 9. What willbe the terminal faling velocity ofa particle of diameter 10 ym and of density 1600 kgm setting in a fquid of density 1000 kgm and of viscosity 0.001 Nsin2? I Stokes’ Law apples for Particle Reynolds numbers up to 0.2, what's the diameter ofthe largest particle whose behaviour is governed by Stokes’ Law for this solid and tquid? ‘Ans : 0.033 mms; 85m 10. Itis found thatthe firation rate is doubled Ifthe pressure difference is doubled. What would be the effect of rasing he temoeratureoffiration from 283 t0 313K? The viscesiy ofthe quis ven by 4 (1-0.018(T-273)) Where iis the viscosity at Ti Kand jist the viscosity at 273 « "ae tvaon rat incense by Yoh sand 11. Inthe fitration of a sludge, the intial period is effected at a constant rate withthe feed pump at ful Capacity, untl the pressure differences reaches 400 kNim?. The pressure is then maintained at this value for a remainder ofthe fitration. The constant rate operation requires 900 s and one-third of the {otal trate is obtained during this period. Neglecting the resistance of the fiter medium, determine the total fitration time. ‘Ans | 4500 5 12. Arotary fier, operating at 0.03 Hz. Filters at the rate of 0.0075 ms. Operating under the same vacuum ‘and neglecting the resistance of the fiter cloth, at what speed must the filter be operated to give a firation rate of 0.0160 m/s? ‘Ans | 0.136 Hz 13. A plate and frame press gave a total of 8m? of fitrate in 1800 s ahd 11.3 m* in 3600 s when fitration ‘was stopped. Estimate the washing time if rn of wash water is used, The resistance of the cloth may bbe neglected and a constant pressire is used thtdughout. ‘Ans * 8400s 44. Obtain by dimensional analysis functional reiaionship forthe wall heat transfer coefficient fora fid flowing through a straight pipe of circular cross-section, Assume that the effects of natural convecton ‘may De neglected in comparison with those of forced convection. Its found by experiment that, when ‘he flow is turbulent, increasing the flowrate by a factor of 2 always results in a 60% increase in the Coefficient. How would @ 50% increase in density of the uid be expected fo affect the coefficient, all other variables remaining constant? ‘Ans : coefficients increased by 27% 18. Asteamjet booster compresses 0.1 kgs of ary and saturated vapor from 3.4 kN 10 13.4 KN, The. high-pressure steam consumption is 0.05 kgs at 690 kN. What must be the condition ofthe high pressure steam for the booster discharge to be superheated by 20 deg K? ‘Ans : superheated by 15 deg K 16. From the above probiem, what is the overall efficiency ofthe booster i the compression efficiency is 100 percent? Ans 77% 17. ima process in which itis used as solvent, benzene is evaporated into dry trogen. At 297°K and 101.3. kPa, the resulting mixture has a percentage relative humiity of 60. Itis required to recover 80 percent ‘of the benzene present by cooling to 283 K and compressing to a suitable pressure. What should this Pressure be? The vapor pressure of benzene is 12.2 kPa at 297K and 6 kPa at 283 K. ‘Ans:382kPa 18, Iva vessel at 101.3 kN? and 300 K, the percentage relative humidity of the water vapour in the air is 26. If the partial pressure of water vapour when air is saturated with vapour at 300 K is 3.6 kNim’ Caleate the partal pressure in KN ofthe water vapour inthe vessel S Page 1 of § _ 2 22. 23, 24. 26 26 21. 28. 29, 20, 31 32 36. 37. 29, a AES CTT EN ae OT at eee Ans: 1 From the data in problem #18, calcuate the specific volume of dry ai in mg cry a. ‘Ans 0.857 From the data in problem #18, calcuate the humiaity of air. ‘Ans : 0.0056 From the data in problem #18, calculate the humid volume of ain mg dry aif. Ans : 0.857 From the data in problem #18, calculate the percentage humicity. Ans: 24.3% ‘A solution of 5 per cent acetaldehyde in toluene is to be extracted with waier in a five stage cross- Curent unit 25 kg water/100 kg feed is used, what isthe mass of acetaldehyde extracted? The eequilbrium relation is given by: (kg acetaldehydeng water) = 2.20 (kg acetaldehydelkg toluene) ‘Ars - 4.489 kg, From the data in problem #24, what is the final concentration of acetaldehyde in the final extract? ‘Ans :D. 0.536%" ‘Compare the costs of electiciy at 1 p per kWh and gas at 15 p per therm ‘Ans: cost of electricity = 0.28 pM Cost of gas = 0.14 pid ‘Aboller plant raises 5.2 kg/s of steam at 1825 kN/n2 pressure, using coal of calorific value 27.2 Mfg. tt the bolle efficiency is 75%, how much coal is consumed per day? Ifthe steam s used to generate electricity, what s the power generation in kilowalts assuming a 20% conversion efficiency of the turbines and generators? Ans :0.713 kgs; 3 MW Calcuiate the ideal avaliable energy produced by the discharge to atmosphere through a nozzle of air stored ina cyinder of capacity 0.1 ms ata pressure of 5 MNim2. The inital temperature of he air is 290 Kand the ratio ofthe specific heats is 1.4 ‘Ans ;-840k) Calculate the energy stored in 1000 em3 of gas at 80 MNim2 at 290 K using STP as the datum, ‘Ans: -47 7kd Clete the nycrautc mean dametrof he annular space between a 40mm and a 50 mm tube mm (0.01 m/s of acetic acid is pumped through a 75 mm diameter horzontal pipe 70 m long. What is the pressure drop in the pipe? Viscosity of acidis 25 mNis/m2, density of acids 1060 kgims, and oughness of pipe surface is 6 x 10m. ‘Ans 114.4 KN? ‘Aoyindrical tank, 5 m in dkameter, discharges through a mild steel pipe 90 m long and 230 mm diameter connected tothe base ofthe tank. Find the time taken for the water level in the tank to drop {rom 3 m to + m above the bottom. The viscosity of water is 1 mNsim2, ‘Ans : 400s Find the drop in pressure due to fricton ina glazed porcelain pipe 300 m long and 150 mm diameter ‘when waters flowing at the rate of .05 mis. ‘Ans : 1MNim’ Two tanks, the bottoms of which are at the same level, are connected with one another by a horizontal pipe 75 mm diameter and 300 m long, The pipe is bellmouthed at each end so that losses on eniry and ‘exit are negigible. One tankis 7m dameter and contains water to a depth of 7 m. The other tank is 6 m ‘lameter and contains water fo a depth of 3m. I the tanks are connected to each other by means of the Pipe, how Iong wilt take before the water level in the larger tank has fallen to 6 m? Assume the pipe to bbe of aged mid steel. ‘Ans : 10590 s Glycerol is pumped from storage tanks to rail cars through a single 50 mm diameter main 10 rm long, ‘which must be used forall grades of glycerol. After the line has been used for commercial material, how much pure glycerol must be pumped before the issuing iquid contains not more than 1% of the commercial matenal? The flow in the pipeline is streamine and the two grades of glycerol heve identical densities and viscosities. ‘Ans: 0.101 Calculate the pressure drop when 3 kgs of sulphuric acd flows through 60 m of 25 mm pipe (density is 1840 kgm. viscosity is 0.025 N sin2) ‘Ans : 900 kN ‘A heat exchanger is to consist of @ numberof tubes each 25 mm diameter and 5 m long arranged in paralel. The exchanger isto be used as a cooler with a rating of 4 MW and the temperature rise inthe ‘Water feed tothe tubes is to be 20 deg Kf the pressure drop over the tubes is not o exceed 2 kNimn2, Calculate the minimum number of tubes that are required. Assume that the tube wails are smooth and ‘hat entrance and exit fects can be neglected. Viscosity of water is 1 mNsim2. ‘Ans : 116 tubes ‘Sulphuric acidis pumped at 3 kg/s through a 60 m length of smooth 25 mm pipe. Calculate the drop in pressure. Ifthe pressure drop falls by one hatf, what will be the new flowrate? Density of acid is 1840 kglm3, Viscosity of acid is 25 mN sim2. ‘Ans = 840 KNim? : 1.86 kgs i of viscosity 10 mN sim2 and density 950 kgin3 is pumped 8 km from an oil refinery to a distribution depot through a 75 mm ameter pipeline andis then despatched to customers at arate of 500 ~ ‘onne/day. Allowance must be made for periods of maintenance which may interrupt the supply from the refinery for up o 72 hours. if the maximum permissible pressure drop over the pipeline is 3450 kKNim2, \Whatis the shortest time in which the storage tanks can be completely recharged after a 72 hour ‘shutdown? The roughness of the pipe surface is 0.05 mm, ‘Ans : 27.6 days Water is pumped at 1.4 ms from a tank at a treatment plant to a tank ata local works through two parallel pipes. 0.3 m and 0.6 m diameter respectively. What isthe velocity in each pipe ang, ita single pipe is used, what diameter will be needed if this flow of water is to be transported, the pressure drop being the same? Assume turbulent flow withthe friction factor inversely proportional to the one quarter ower of the Reynolds number. Ans ‘2.62 nis; 4.30 mis : 0.63 m : Cll of viscosity 10 mNsfi2 and spectic gravity 0.90, flows through 60 m of 100 mm diameter pipe and the pressure drop is 13.8 kNim2. What willbe the pressure drop for a second oi of viscosity 30 mNsimn2 encheatensttinomenanteastiiats tieaitaheaninitnte iitinasteatinaneeiadad at onaiinlaniian ten nine ee natin ee 42, Crude olis pumped from a terminal toa refinery trough @ 0.3 m dameter pipene. As a result of {rictonal heating, the temperature of the ols 20 deg K higher a the refinery end than at the terminal end of he pipe and the viscosity has fallen to one half its orginal value. What s the rato of fe pressure STadientin the pipeline atthe refinery end to that at the terminal end? Viscosty of ol at terminal is 90 ImNs2, Deny of (approximately constants 980 kgm. Flurae of ols 20,000 omnelday 1S 0. BO" wan 2 vscosty of 10 mWsin2 and density 900 kgm Is owing through a 500 mm cemeter pipe 10 long. The pressure ference between the two ends of the pipe is 108 Nin2. What wl the pressure crop be at he same flowrate itis necessary to replace the pipe by one only 300 mm in diameter? Assume the pipe surface to be smooth, Ans : 1.19x10" Nim* ‘44, Oil of density 960 kghn3 and viscosity 10? Neim® isto be pumped 10 km through @pipeine and the Pressure drop must not exceed 2 x10" Nin2. Whats the minimum diameter of pipe wrich wl be Suitable, if @ flowrate of 50 tonnems tobe maintained? Assume the pipe wall tobe smooth Use either a pipe fricton chart or the Blasus equation ‘Ans :0.175m 45. A pipeline 0.5m diameter and 1200 m jong is used for transporting an oil of density 950 kgim3 and of Viscosity 0.01 Nsim2 at 0.4 m34s. Ifthe roughness of the pipe surface Is 0.5 mm, what isthe pressure ‘drop With the same pressure drop, what wil be the flowrate of a second ol of density 980 kgfn3 and of ecosty O0e None meee ‘Ans :1.03x10" Nim2.; 0.34 m'ss 48. Water (density 1000 kgim3, viscosity 1 mNisim2) is pumped through @ 60 mm diameter pipeline at 4 o/s and the pressure drop is 1 MN/m2. What will be the pressure drop for a solution of glycerol in water {Gensiy 1050 kgm, vscosty 0 msn) when pumped at he same rate? Assume te pipe fo be smoot Ans 2 1.77 x10" Nim2 47. Aliqudis pumped in streamine flow through a pipe of diameter d. At wnat distance from the centre of Sa ea me een ‘Ans :0.35D 48. Cooling water supplied toa heat exchanger flows through 25 mm diameter tubes each 5 m long arranged in paralel. Ifthe pressure drop over the heat exchanger is not to exceed 8000 Nim2, how ‘many tubes must be included for a total flowrate of water of 110 tonne/"? Density of water is 1000 kglm3, Viscosity of water is 1 mNsim2, Assume pipes to be smooth-walled. If ten per cent ofthe tubes became blocked, what would the new pressure drop be? ‘Ans: 32 tubes; 9660 Nim2 49. Determine the yield stress of a Bingham fluid of density 2000 kgin3 wrich will jut flow out of an open- ‘ended vertical tube of diameter 300 mm under the influence of is own weight ‘Ans : 1472 Nimo. 50. A flid of density 1200 kgf flows down an inciined plane at 16° to the horizontal. f the viscous DDehaviour is described by he relationship: R= -k(du/dy)” where k= 4.0 Ns“? and n=0.4, calcuate the volumetric flowrate per unt width i the fluid fim is 10 mm thick ‘Ans : 0.00357 (ms) ‘51. A fd with a finite yield stress is sheared between two concentric cyinders, 0 mm long. The inner cylinder is 20 mm diameter and the gap is 20 mm. The outer cyinder is held stationary while a torque is applied to the inner. The moment required just to produce motions 0.01 Nm, Calcuite the torque needed to ensure all the fluids flowing under sheer ifthe plastic viscosity is 0.1 Ns/mn2. ‘Ans 0.54 Nem ‘52, Agas, having a molecuier weight of 13 kg/kmol and a kinematic viscosity of 0.25 em2Is, lows through a pipe 0:25 m internal diameter and 5 km long at the rate of 0.4 m3és and is deivered at atmospheric pressure. Calculate the pressure required to maintain this rate of low under isothermal conditions. The volume aceupied by 1 kmol at273 K and 101.3 kNin2 is 22.4 m3. What would be the effect on the ‘equired pressure ifthe gas were to be delivered at a height of 150 m (i) above, and (i) below its point of entry into the pipe? Ans 114.4 kNim2 110.94 kNim2 5 141.28 kNim2 ‘53. Niirogen at 12 MNim2 pressure is fed through a 25 mm diameter nid stee! pipe to a synthetic ammonia plant atthe rate of 1.25 kg/s. What wil be the pressure drop over a 30 m length of pipe for isothermal flow of the gas at 298 K? Absolute roughness of the pipe surface is 0.005 mm. Kilogram molecular volume is 22.4 m3. Viscosity of nitrogen is 0.02 mN st? ‘Ans "0.38. MNém2 54, Hydrogen is pumped from a reservor at MNim2 pressure through a clean horizontal mild steel pipe 50 mmm diameter and 500 m long. The downstream pressure is also 2 MIN/m2 and the pressure ofthis gas is raised to 2.6 MN/m2 by a pump at the upstream end of the pipe. The condtions of flow are isothermal ‘and the temperature of the gas is 293 K. Whatis the flowrate and whats the effective rate of working of the pump? Viscosity of hydrogen is 0.009 mN sim2 at 293 K. ‘Ans :0.213 kgs : 113 KN 55. ina synthetic ammonia plant the hydrogen is fed through a 50 mm steel pipe to the converters. The pressure drop over the 30 m length of pipe is 600 kN/m2. the pressure at the downstream end being 7.6 MNim2. What power is required in order to overcome friction losses inthe pipe? Assume isothermal ‘expansion of the gas at 298 K. What error is introduced by assuming the gas to be an incompressible fluid of density equal to that at the mean pressure in the pipe? Viscosity 0.02 mNsfii2. ‘Ans: 169 KW 56. A vacuum distliation plant operating at 7 kNim2 pressure atthe fop has @ boitup rate of 0.125 kgs of xylene. Calculate the pressure drop along a 150 mm bore vapour pipe used to connect the column to the condenser. The pipe length may be taken as equivalent to 6 m, e/dis 0.002 and viscosity is 0.01 mN sim2, ‘Ans : 90 Nin 57. Nitrogen at 12 MNiin2 pressure is fed through a 25 mm diameter mild steel pipe to a synthetic ammonia plant at the rate of 0.4 kgfs. What wil be the drop in pressure over a 30 m length of pipe assuming ‘isothermal expansion of the gas at 300 K? What isthe average quantity of heat per unt area of pipe surface that must pass through the walls in order to maintain isothermal conditions? What would be the ch aieanainadies Vanadliien demeniatinanncaadtiies as ate aa ae deeeaneen 58. 59, 61 63, 65, er. 69, 70, " 72, 73, Pa «OO NINE , 5.14 Veni | CORNZ (Over a 30m engin of 160 mm vacuum ine camying air at 233 K, te pressure fls from 4 kN/m2 100.1 Keim. the relative roughness e/dis 0.002, whats approximate flowrate? Ans 0.022 kgis ‘A vacuum system is required to handle 10 g/s of vapour (molecular weight 86 Kgl) 50 as to maintain a pressure of 7.5 kNm2 in a vessel situated 30 m trom the vacuum pump. i the pump is able ‘o maintain a pressure of 0.15 kN atts suction point, what diameter of pipe is required? The temperature is 290 K, and isothermai conditions may be assumed in the pipe. whose surface can be {taken as smooth. The ideal gas law is folowed. Gas viscosity is 0.01 mN simn2. ‘Ans : 80 mm, Ina vacuum system, airs flowing isotnermally at 290 K through a 160 mm dameter pipeline 30 m long I the relative roughness ofthe pipewal e/dis 0.002 and the downstream pressure is 120 Nin2, what ‘wil he upstream pressure be the flowrate of aris 0.025 kas? Assume thal the ideal ges law apples {and that he Mscosity of airs constant at 0.018 mN s/m2. What error would be introduced if the change inkinetc energy ofthe gas as a resuft of expansion were neglected? ‘Ans : 1:36 kNim2; 1.04 kNim2 Airis flowing atthe rate of 30 kg/m2s through a smooth pipe of 80 mm diameter and 300 m tong. the Upstream pressure is 800 kNin2, what will the downstream pressure be if the flow is isothermal at 273, K? Take the viscosity of ar as 0.015 mN simn2 and assume that volume occuples 22.4 m3. What isthe signticance of the change n kinetic energy of the fhig? ‘Ans : 793 kNiin2 If temperature does not change with height, estimate the boing point of water at a height of 3000 m above sea-level. Ihe barometer reading at see-evelis 98.4 kNim2 and the temperature is 288.7 K. The vapo ressur of water 2887 Kis 1.77 kNm2. The effective molecar weight of ais 29 koko) Ans: 364K ‘A 150 mm gas main s used for transferring gas (molecular weight 13 kglkmol and kinematic viscosity 0.25 cms) at 29K trom a pint toa, storage station 100 m away, at arate of 1 fs. Calculate the pressure drop if the pipe can be considered to be smooth. if the maximum permissible pressure drop is AO kNAn?, ist possibe to increase the flowrate by 25%? ‘Ans : 2.83 kN? yes its possible itis requiredto transport sand of particle size 1.25 mm and density 2600 kgf? at the rate of 1 ka/s ‘trough a horizontal pipe 200 m long. Estimate the air flowrate required, the pipe diameter, and the pressure drop inthe pipe-ine. ‘Ans : 0.20 ms , 101 6mm, 16.4 kN! ‘The raie of flow of water in a 150 mm diameter pipe is measured by means of a verture meter with a 50 mm diameter throat. When the drop in head over the converging section is 100 mm of water, the flowrate is 2.7 kis. What isthe coefficient fo the converging cone of the meter at that flowrate and ‘hats the head lost due to fiction? ifthe otal loss of head over the meter is 15 mm water, what s the Coeticient forthe diverging cone? ‘Ans :0.978, 4.35 mm, 1.05 ‘Aventure meter win @ 50 mm throats used to measure a flow of sightly saltwater in apipe of inside diameter 100 mm. The meter is chacked by adding 20 cm/s of normal sodium chloride soliton above the meter and analyzing a sample of water dounsiream from the meter. Before action of the salt. 11000 em? of water requires 10 cm of 0.1 M sivernirate soluton in a tration. 1000 en ofthe downstream sample required 22.5 cin” of 0.1 M siver nivate. if a mercury-under-water manometer Connected to the meter gves a reading of 221.mm, what's the discharge coefficient of the meter? ‘Assume tht the density ofthe fu is not appreciably affected by the salt. Ans: 0.982 ‘A.gas cylinder containing 30 m? of ar at 6 MN pressure discharges tothe atmosphere through @ ‘valve which may be taken as equivalent o a sharp edged orice of § mm Giameter (coefficient of

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