SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY

Social responsibility is an ethical framework and suggests that an entity, be it an organization

or individual, has an obligation to act for the benefit of society at large. Social responsibility
is a duty every individual has to perform so as to maintain a balance between the economy
and the ecosystems. A trade-off may exist between economic development, in the material
sense, and the welfare of the society and environment, though this has been challenged by
many reports over the past decade. Social responsibility means sustaining the equilibrium
between the two. It pertains not only to business organizations but also to everyone whose
any action impacts the environment. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a business
approach that contributes to sustainable development by delivering economic, social and
environmental benefits for all stakeholders.

CSR is a concept with many definitions and practices. The way it is understood and
implemented differs greatly for each company and country. Moreover, CSR is a very broad
concept that addresses many and various topics such as human rights, corporate governance,
health and safety, environmental effects, working conditions and contribution to economic
development. Whatever the definition is, the purpose of CSR is to drive change towards
sustainability.

Example

Unilever is a multinational corporation, in the food and beverage sector, with a

comprehensive CSR strategy. The company has been ranked Food Industry leader in the
Dow Jones Sustainability World Indexes for the 11 consecutive years and ranked 7th in the
Global 100 Most Sustainable Corporations in the World.

One of the major and unique initiatives is the sustainable tea programme. On a partnership-
based model with the Rainforest Alliance (an NGO), Unilever aims to source all of its Lipton
and PG Tips tea bags from Rainforest Alliance Certified farms by 2015. The Rainforest
Alliance Certification offers farms a way to differentiate their products as being socially,
economically and environmentally sustainable
 Features of CSR

1.Voluntary
2. Practice and Value
3. Beyond Philanthropy
4. Managing Externalities
5. Special & Economic Alignment
6. Multiple Stakeholders Orientation

Core characteristics of CSR The core characteristics of CSR are the essential features of the
concept that tend to be visible in CSR practices:

(i) Voluntary Scholars define CSR to be a representative of all set of corporate

initiatives which are discretionary and extend beyond what the law has prescribed.
Many companies are by now familiar and more willing to consider responsibilities
beyond the legal minimum, and in fact the development of self-regulatory CSR
initiatives from corporate bodies is often seen as a way of reducing or avoiding
additional regulation through compliance with societal moral norms. therefore, tend to
see the element of voluntarism as CSR that legally mandated accountability is where
attention should really be focused and maximisation of shareholders wealth should be
the main organisational objective.

(ii) Internalizing or managing externalities Externalities in CSR refers to all sort of factors
that has impact on different stakeholders rights are not directly taken care of in the decision
making process of a business organisation. Environmental degradation is typically regarded
as an externality since the general public feel the impact of the production process.
Regulation can force firms to internalise the cost of the externalities, such as pollution fines,
but CSR remain as a viable discretionary approach of managing externalities like taking
more safety measures and reduction of pollution by going green. Much CSR activity deals
with externalities involving workers rights, minimisation of rationalisation impact, good
stakeholder relationship management to reduce unsatisfied legitimate claims pile up and
discarding production process and products that are not demanded, harmful or classified as
dangerous products.

(iii)Multiple stakeholder orientation The central theme of stakeholder management is to

identify stakeholders orientations based on the three attributes which defines their power,
legitimacy of claim and urgency. Subsequently, defining stakeholder orientations helps in
identification and prioritisation of stakeholders through the adoption of a step by step
approach starting with internal preparations, appointing the internal leadership team of
internal stakeholders for marketing, communication, operational unit, human resources,
investor relations and environmental/government affairs etc, limiting expectations to a
realistic level, training on communication skills, stakeholder research, collective bargaining
and good industrial relations, adequate knowledge on crisis and risk management, public
relations, adopting a suitable technique of managing multiple stakeholder orientations,
accommodations for possible unavoidable mistakes and finally comparing stakeholder
expectations with organisational performance CSR involves considering a range of interests
and impacts among a variety of different stakeholders other than just shareholders. The
assumption that firms have responsibilities to shareholders is usually not contested, but the
point is that because corporations rely on various other stakeholders such as consumers,
employers, suppliers, and local communities in order to survive and prosper, they do not
only have responsibilities to shareholders. Whilst many disagree on how much emphasis
should be given to shareholders in the CSR debate, and on the extent to which other
stakeholders should be taken into account, it is the expanding of corporate responsibility to
these other groups which characterises much of the essential character of CSR.

(iv) Alignment of social and economic responsibilities This balancing of different

stakeholder interests leads to another core feature. Whilst CSR may be about going beyond a
narrow focus on shareholders and profitability, many also believe that it should not,
however, conflict with profitability. Although this is much debated, many definitions of
CSR from business and government stress that it is about enlightened self-interest where
social and economic responsibilities are aligned. This feature has prompted much attention
to the business case for CSR namely, how firms can benefit economically from being
socially responsible conducted a research on Managers of African American businesses and
came to the conclusion that economic and ethical responsibilities comes first before legal
responsibility and philanthropic comes last in terms of priority. But it was observed in this
study that philanthropy obtained a high weight level of score than in previous studies.

(v) Practices and values CSR is clearly about a particular set of business practices and
strategies that deal with social issues, but for many people it is also about something
more than that namely a philosophy or set of values that underpins these practices.
This perspective is evident in CSR initiatives of communitarian or collectivistic societies
valuing traditions and cultural practices of their local communities. The values
dimension of CSR is part of the reason why the subject raises so much disagreement if
it were just about what companies did in the social arena, it would not cause so much
controversy as the debate about why they do it. It is explored that the perception of
managers with respect to the influence of personal values towards their work. The study
examined the relationship between personal values and CSR initiatives of managers. The
study concluded that to a greater extent CSR practices are influenced or affected by the
personal values of managers, because they formulate the CSR policies of the business
organisation and their personal attitude is part of their individualistic characteristics
which affects the way they behave.

(vi) Beyond philanthropy In some regions of the world, CSR is mainly about
philanthropy i.e. corporate discretionary responsibility or voluntarism towards the
general public. CSR is currently a mandatory practice backed by regulations and
accepted international standard which is shifting from altruistic to instrumentality or
strategic CSR. It is no longer altruistic in nature only but more than just philanthropy and
community development projects, because of the impacts it has on profitability, human
resource management, marketing, and logistic support which are all part of the core
functions of business organisations. CSR extends beyond philanthropy because of its
viability to be instrumental or strategic in satisfying stakeholder expectations and its
potential capability to achievement of organisational objectives. This debate rests on the
assumption that CSR needs to be regulated and institutionalised into normal business
practice rather than being left simply to discretionary activity.
 IMPORTANCE

1. IMPROVES PUBLIC IMAGE

Companies that demonstrate their commitment to various causes are perceived as more
philanthropic than companies whose corporate social responsibility endeavors are
nonexistent.

A corporations public image is at the mercy of its social responsibility programs and
hoSw aware consumers are of these programs.

Remember, consumers feel good shopping at institutions that help the community.

Corporations can improve their public image by supporting nonprofits through

monetary donations, volunteerism, in-kind donations of products and services, and
strong partnerships.

By publicizing their efforts and letting the general public know about their philanthropy,
companies increase their chances of becoming favorable in the eyes of consumers.

2. BOOSTS EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT

Employees like working for a company that has a good public image and is constantly in the
media for positive reasons.

Happy employees almost always equal better output.

Nearly 60% of employees who are proud of their companys social responsibility are engaged
at their jobs.

When companies show that they are dedicated to improving their communities through
corporate giving programs , they are more likely to attract and retain valuable,
hardworking, and engaged employees.

If a corporation is philanthropically minded, job-hunting individuals are more likely to apply

and interview for available positions. Once hired, employees who are engaged will stay with
a company longer, be more productive on a daily basis, and will be more creative than
disengaged workers.
ATTRACTS & RETAINS INVESTORS

Investors who are pouring money into companies want to know that their funds are being
used properly.

Not only does this mean that corporations must have sound business plans and budgets, but it
also means that they should have a strong sense of corporate social responsibility.

When companies donate money to nonprofit organizations and encourage their

employees to volunteer their time, they demonstrate to investors that they dont just
care about profits.

Instead, they show that they have an interest in the local and global community.

Investors are more likely to be attracted to and continue to support companies that
demonstrate a commitment not only to employees and customers, but also to causes and
organizations that impact the lives of others.

ENCOURAGES PROFESSIONAL & PERSONAL GROWTH

When companies have a culture of corporate social responsibility, they can easily promote
volunteerism to their employees and encourage them to donate to nonprofits.

When employees contribute their time and money to worthy causes, they develop
professionally and personally.

By helping those in need and volunteering as teams, employees learn to work better together
on important projects. Employees also experience a sense of pride when they know that they
work for a company that cares about the community and encourages them to be passionate
about worthy causes.

The nine principles of National Voluntary Guidelines are:

Principle 1: Businesses should conduct and govern themselves with ethics, transparency and
accountability.

Principle 2: Businesses should provide goods and services that are safe and contribute to
sustainability throughout their life cycle.
Principle 3: Businesses should promote the wellbeing of all employees.

Principle 4: Businesses should respect the interests of, and be responsive toward all
stakeholders, especially those who are disadvantaged, vulnerable and marginalized.

Principle 5: Businesses should respect and promote human rights.

Principle 6: Business should respect, protect, and make efforts to restore the environment.

Principle 8: Businesses should support inclusive growth and equitable development.

Principle 9: Businesses should engage with and provide value to their customers and
consumers in a responsible manner.

Companies Bill, 2012 and CSR With a view to provide a framework for companies (private
and public) to implement need-based CSR activities, the Government of India has included
CSR-related provisions in the Companies Bill, 2012. The Clause 135 of the Companies Bill
2012 aims at on CSR. Though spending 2% of the PAT is not mandatory but Clause 135 of
the proposed Companies Bill casts a duty on the

The Clause 135 will be applicable to all companies that have either of the following: Net
worth of INR 500 crores or more Turnover of INR 1000 crores or more for calculating
the 2% for CSR.

The Bill mandates companies to form a board-level CSR Committee comprising three or
more directors with at least one independent director. The composition of the CSR
Committee has to be disclosed in the annual board of directors report. The CSR Committee
will be responsible for formulating and recommending a CSR policy and implementation
plan. The Committee will also be responsible for regular monitoring of CSR activities.
Companys board will be responsible for approving and disclosing CSR Policy in the annual
Directors Report and on companys website. The Board will also be responsible for ensuring
implementation of CSR activities according to the Policy. The annual Directors Report has
to specify reasons adequately.
The relevance of CSR within an organization CSR is not only relevant because of a changing
policy environment but also because of its ability to meet business objectives. Undertaking
CSR initiatives and being socially the following:

Strengthening relationships with stakeholders

Enabling continuous improvement and encouraging innovation
Attracting the best industry talent as a socially responsible company
Additional motivation to employees
Risk mitigation because of an effective corporate governance framework
Enhanced ability to manage stakeholder expectations
 Overview

Making a difference

Before Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) found a place in corporate lexicon, it was
already textured into our Group's value systems. As early as the 1940s, our founding father
Shri G. D. Birla espoused the trusteeship concept of management. Simply stated, this entails
that the wealth that one generates and holds, is to be held as in a trust for our multiple
stakeholders. With regard to CSR, this means investing part of our profits beyond business,
for the larger good of society.

While carrying forward this philosophy, our legendary leader, Mr. Aditya Birla, weaved in
the concept of 'sustainable livelihood', which transcended cheque book philanthropy. In his
view, it was unwise to keep on giving endlessly. Instead, he felt that channelising resources to
ensure that people have the wherewithal to make both ends meet would be more productive.

He would say, "Give a hungry man fish for a day, he will eat it and the next day, he would be
hungry again. Instead, if you taught him how to fish, he would be able to feed himself and his
family for a lifetime."

Taking these practices forward, our chairman Mr. Kumar Mangalam Birla, institutionalised
the concept of triple bottom line accountability represented by economic success.Our
community work is a way of telling the people among whom we operate that We Care.
 Our strategy

Our projects are carried out under the aegis of the "Aditya Birla Centre for Community
Initiatives and Rural Development", led by Mrs. Rajashree Birla. The Centre provides the
strategic direction, and the thrust areas for our work ensuring performance management as
well.

Our focus is on the all-round development of the communities around our plants located
mostly in distant rural areas and tribal belts. All our Group companies Grasim, Hindalco,
Aditya Birla Nuvo and UltraTech have Rural Development Cells, which are the
implementation bodies.

Our partners in development are government bodies, district authorities, village panchayats
and the end beneficiaries the villagers. The Government has, in their 5-year plans, special
funds earmarked for human development and we recourse to many of these.

At the same time, we network and collaborate with like-minded bilateral and unilateral
agencies to share ideas, draw from each other's experiences, and ensure that efforts are not
duplicated. At another level, this provides a platform for advocacy.
Project identification mechanism

All projects are planned in a participatory manner, in consultation with the community,
literally sitting with them, and gauging their basic needs. We take recourse to "participatory
rural appraisal", which is a mapping process. Subsequently, based on a consensus and in
discussion with the village panchayats, we prioritise requirements. And thus a project is born.
Implementation is the responsibility of the community and our team, as is the monitoring of
milestones and the other aspects. Monitoring entails physical verification of the progress and
the actual output of the project.

Village meetings are held periodically to elicit feedback on the benefits of our community
programmes and the areas where these need to be beefed up. We try and ensure that while in
the short term we have to do enormous hand-holding, the projects become sustainable by the
beneficiaries over the long haul. Once this stage is reached, we withdraw. In this way we do
not build a culture of dependence, instead we make the villagers self-reliant.
Model villages

One of our unique initiatives is to develop model villages, so each of our major companies is
working towards the total transformation of a number of villages in proximity to our plants.
Making of a model village entails ensuring self-reliance in all aspects viz., education, health
care and family welfare, infrastructure, agriculture and watershed management, and working
towards sustainable livelihood patterns. Fundamentally, ensuring that their development
reaches a stage wherein village committees take over the complete responsibility and our
teams become dispensable.

Our project operations

The geographic reach, annual spends

The footprint of our community work straddles 5,000 villages globally. We reach out to 7.5
million people annually. Over 60 per cent of these live below the poverty line and belong to
scheduled castes and tribes.

The Group spends in excess of Rs.250 crore annually, inclusive of the running of 18 hospitals
and 42 schools. The Group transcends the conventional barriers of business and reaches out
to the marginalised as a matter of duty and to bring in a more equitable society.
Our focus areas

Our rural development activities span five key areas and our single-minded goal here is to
help build model villages that can stand on their own feet. Our focus areas are healthcare,
education, sustainable livelihood, infrastructure and espousing social causes.
 Corporate Social Responsibility Examples in India

Tata Group

The Tata Group conglomerate in India carries out various CSR projects, most of which are
community improvement and poverty alleviation programs. Through self-help groups, it is
engaged in women empowerment activities, income generation, rural community
development, and other social welfare programs. In the field of education, the Tata Group
provides scholarships and endowments for numerous institutions.

The group also engages in healthcare projects such as facilitation of child education,
immunization and creation of awareness of AIDS. Other areas include economic
empowerment through agriculture programs, environment protection, providing sport
scholarships, and infrastructure development such as hospitals, research centers, educational
institutions, sports academy, and cultural centers.

Ultratech Cement

Ultratech Cement, Indias biggest cement company is involved in social work across 407
villages in the country aiming to create sustainability and self-reliance. Its CSR activities
focus on healthcare and family welfare programs, education, infrastructure, environment,
social welfare, and sustainable livelihood.

The company has organized medical camps, immunization programs, sanitization programs,
school enrollment, plantation drives, water conservation programs, industrial training, and
organic farming programs.

Mahindra & Mahindra

Indian automobile manufacturer Mahindra & Mahindra (M&M) established the K. C.

Mahindra Education Trust in 1954, followed by Mahindra Foundation in 1969 with the
purpose of promoting education. The company primarily focuses on education programs to
assist economically and socially disadvantaged communities. CSR programs invest in
scholarships and grants, livelihood training, healthcare for remote areas, water conservation,
and disaster relief programs. M&M runs programs such as Nanhi Kali focusing on girl
education, Mahindra Pride Schools for industrial training, and Lifeline Express for healthcare
services in remote areas.
ITC Group

ITC Group, a conglomerate with business interests across hotels, FMCG, agriculture, IT, and
packaging sectors has been focusing on creating sustainable livelihood and environment
protection programs. The company has been able to generate sustainable livelihood
opportunities for six million people through its CSR activities. Their e-Choupal program,
which aims to connect rural farmers through the internet for procuring agriculture products,
covers 40,000 villages and over four million farmers. Its social and farm forestry program
assists farmers in converting wasteland to pulpwood plantations. Social empowerment
programs through micro-enterprises or loans have created sustainable livelihoods for over
40,000 rural women.
 Methodology of Corporate Social Responsibility

CSR is the procedure of assessing an organizations impact on society and evaluating their
responsibilities. It begins with an assessment of the following aspects of each business:

Customers

Suppliers

Environment

Communities

Employees

The most effective CSR plans ensure that while organizations comply with legislation, their
investments also respect the growth and development of marginalized communities and the
environment. CSR should also be sustainable involving activities that an organization can
uphold without negatively affecting their business goals.

Organizations in India have been quite sensible in taking up CSR initiatives and integrating
them into their business processes. It has become progressively projected in the Indian
corporate setting because organizations have recognized that besides growing their
businesses, it is also important to shape responsible and supportable relationships with the
community at large. Companies now have specific departments and teams that develop
specific policies, strategies, and goals for their CSR programs and set separate budgets to
support them. Most of the time, these programs are based on well-defined social beliefs or are
carefully aligned with the companies business domain
 CSR Trends in India

FY 2015-16 witnessed a 28 percent growth in CSR spending in comparison to the previous

year. Listed companies in India spent US$1.23 billion (Rs 83.45 billion) in various programs
ranging from educational programs, skill development, social welfare, healthcare, and
environment conservation. The Prime Ministers Relief Fund saw an increase of 418 percent
to US$103 million (Rs 7.01 billion) in comparison to US$24.5 million (Rs 1.68 billion) in
2014-15.

The education sector received the maximum funding of US$300 million (Rs 20.42 billion)
followed by healthcare at US$240.88 million (Rs 16.38 billion), while programs such as child
mortality, maternal health, gender equality, and social projects saw negligible spend. In terms
of absolute spending, Reliance Industries spent the most followed by the government-owned
National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC) and Oil & Natural Gas (ONGC). Projects
implemented through foundations have gone up from 99 in FY15 to 153 in FY16 with an
increasing number of companies setting up their own foundations rather than working with
existing non-profits to have more control over their CSR spending. 2017 CSR spends are
predicted to further rise with corporates aligning their initiatives with government programs
such as Swachh Bharat (Clean India) and Digital India to foster inclusive growth.
 Top 5 benefits of Corporate Social Responsibility

In the business world, the financial bottom-line and shareholder return on investment have
long been the main drivers for companies in measuring their success. During the 1950s and
1960s, the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility and corporate citizenship emerged as
an alternative priority for organisations to consider.

At its heart, Corporate Social Responsibility is about an organisation taking responsibility for
the impacts of its decisions and activities on all aspects of society, the community and the
environment. Corporate Social Responsibility is more than just donating money or printing
double-sided to save trees, its about contributing to the health and welfare of society,
operating transparently and ethically. More importantly, this way of operating should be
embedded in the business, rather than an afterthought.

At Cube, we work closely with public value organisations, particularly those in the public and
community sectors, for whom social responsibility and public value are at the core of their
vision and social mission. As a private sector company, were driven by public value and a
desire to do good things in the community. Accordingly, corporate social responsibility is
something that we take to heart.
From our perspective, embedding corporate social responsibility is a no brainer. Here are our
top five reasons why:

Benefit 1: The ability to have positive impact in the community

Keeping social responsibility front of mind encourages businesses to act ethically and to
consider the social and environmental impacts of their business. In doing so, organisations
can avoid or mitigate detrimental impacts of their business on the community. In some cases,
organisations will find ways to make changes in their services or value chain that actually
delivers benefits for the community, where they once didnt.

Benefit 2: It supports public value outcomes

Put simply, public value is about the value that an organisation contributes to society. A
sound, robust corporate social responsibility framework and organisational mindset can
genuinely help organisations deliver public value outcomes by focussing on how their
services can make a difference in the community. This might happen indirectly, where an
organisations services enable others to contribute to the community, or directly through the
organisations own activities, such as volunteerism and philanthropy.

Benefit 3: It supports being an employer of choice

Being an employer of choice typically translates into the companys ability to attract and
retain high calibre staff. There are ways to approach being an employer of choice, including
offering work life balance, positive working conditions and work place flexibility. Studies
have shown that a robust corporate social responsibility framework can also help a company
become more attractive to potential future employees who are looking for workplaces with
socially responsible practices, community mindedness and sound ethics.

Benefit 4: It encourages both professional and personal development

Providing employees with the opportunity to be involved in a companys socially responsible

activities can have the benefit of teaching new skills to staff, which can in turn be applied in
the workplace. By undertaking activities outside of their usual work responsibilities,
employees have the chance to contribute to work and causes that they might feel passionate
about, or learn something entirely new which can help enrich their own perspectives. By
supporting these activities, organisations encourage growth and support for employees.

Benefit 5: It enhances relationships with clients

A strong corporate social responsibility framework is essential to building and maintaining

trust between the company and clients. It can strengthen ties, build alliances and foster strong
working relationships with both existing and new clients. One way this can be achieved is by
offering pro-bono or similar services where a company can partner with not-for-profit
organisations to support their public value outcomes, where funds or resources may be
limited. In turn, this helps deliver public value outcomes that may not have been delivered
otherwise.

Tata Power Mundra UMPPs Project 'Sagarbandhu' for the fishermen community

Gujarat is Indias largest marine fish producer, mostly due to its 1640 km long coastline
supports four lakh population of fishermen and women. These fisherfolk bring in large
amount of business in the state with stark contrast to the northwest area of Kutch where
the fishing sector is suffering with a mere 12 per cent of the fish brought in, even though
it has the longest coast line.

Tata Power empowers women through Self Help Groups (SHGs) in Kutch Region of
Gujarat
 Today, the Kutch region of Gujarat is representative of the synergistic relationship
between corporates and communities working in tandem to facilitate holistic rural
development. This is a major step forward as not too long ago, in the absence of
developmental activities, the local communities of the region were solely dependent on
grazing livestock or fishing to earn their livelihood.

CSR initiatives of Visaka Industries Limited

As a responsible Corporate Citizen the management of Visaka has always held the view
that the Corporate who benefit from the Society should pay back to the Society by taking
up activities which would help uplift the standard of living of the people. Therefore
Visaka Charitable Trust was established in the year 2000. The CSR activity of the trust
supports programs devoted to the cause of destitute, rural poor and providing the basic
necessities of life.

CSR initiatives of Eaton India

Eatons CSR activities in India began when the company

started operations in Pune after the acquisition of Aeroquip Vickers in 1999. Since then,
Eaton has worked with several local and national NGOs such as Maher, Gurukul, NMP+,
DeepGriha Society amongst otherson various causes and has extended contributions in
the form of man-power, donations and relief material.
 CSR initiatives of Citi India

The Corporate Citizenship function is the umbrella entity for all Corporate Social
Responsibility activities undertaken by Citi India. Our philosophy of Social
Responsibility is based on the key pillars of Grants made by Citi Foundation; Employee
Engagement with Communities; and Local Charitable Contributions and Sponsorships.

CSR initiatives of Forbes Marshall

Over the years, Forbes Marshall has believed in the

philosophy of contributing and giving back to the community it operates in. Thus when
the factory was originally set up in Pune in 1958, Darius Forbes felt it was insufficient to
merely purchase land from the farmers who were the original owners of the land, it was
necessary to now actively and positively contribute to the community the company would
be operating in.

CSR initiatives of Zensar Technologies

An essential component of our corporate social responsibility is to care for the

community. We endeavor to make a positive contribution to the underprivileged
communities by supporting a wide range of socio-economic, educational and health
initiatives. Many of the community projects and programs are driven by active
participation from our employees.
 CSR initiatives of Thermax

Thermax believes that corporate organisations should think beyond profit and reach out
for the wellbeing of the larger society. Guided by the vision of its founder Chairman
Rohinton Aga - 'profit is not just a set of figure but of values' - over the years, Thermax
has worked on a modest CSR agenda to fulfill its obligations to its wider circle of
stakeholders including the communities in which it operates.

ITC Limited Corporate Citizenship

ITC Limited (ITC) is one of India's foremost private sector companies having a diverse
portfolio of businesses. The company has been undertaking several CSR initiatives over
the years and been appreciated for them globally. The case discusses ITC's CSR
initiatives and focuses on its approach. The company's innovative ways and heavy
investments to achieve the 'triple bottom line' are discussed.

Cognizant CSR

Cognizant Technology Solutions ( Cognizant ) is a U. S. - based multinational provider

of business, technology and consulting services headquartered in Teaneck, New Jersey,
United States. Cognizant has been named to the 2010 Fortune 100 Fastest-Growing
Companies List for the eighth consecutive year. [2] Cognizant has also been named to the
Fortune 1000 and Forbes Global 2000 lists.
 CSR Activities of Indian Oil Corporation Limited

Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. is India's largest company by sales with a turnover of Rs.
271,074cr and profit of Rs. 10,221cr for the year 2009-10. IndianOil is the highest ranked
Indian company in the latest Fortune 'Global 500' listings, ranked at the 125th position.
IndianOil's vision is driven by a group of dynamic leaders who have made it a name to
reckon with.

ONGC Corporate Social Responsibility

Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Limited (ONGC) is state owned Oil and Natural Gas
company founded on 14 Aug 1956. It is a Fortune Global 500 company ranked 413, and
contributes 77% of India's crude oil production and 81% of India's natural gas production.
It is the second highest profit making corporation in India. Indian government holds
74.14% equity stake in this company.

Pepsico-Corporate Social Responsibility

PepsiCo entered India in 1989 and has grown to become the country's largest selling food
and Beverage Company. One of the largest multinational investors in the country,
PepsiCo has established a business which aims to serve the long term dynamic needs of
consumers in India.

Stanchart's Project Burjwadi

Standard Chartered was formed in 1969 through a merger of two banks: The Standard
Bank of British South Africa, founded in 1863, and the Chartered Bank of India,
Australia and China, founded in 1853. The Chartered Bank opened its first overseas
branch in India, at Kolkata, on 12 April 1858.
 Tata Steel Corporate Citizenship

The Tata Steel Group has always believed that mutual benefit of countries, corporations and
communities is the most effective route to growth. Tata Steel has not limited its operations
and businesses within India but has built an imposing presence around the globe as well.
With the acquisition of Corus in 2007 leading to commencement of Tata Steel's European
operations, the Company today is the tenth largest steel producer in the world with employee
strength of above 81,000 across five continents.
 CONCLUSION

Social responsibility is an ethical framework and suggests that an entity, be it an organization

or individual, has an obligation to act for the benefit of society at large. Social responsibility
is a duty every individual has to perform so as to maintain a balance between the economy
and the ecosystems. A trade-off may exist between economic development, in the material
sense, and the welfare of the society and environment, though this has been challenged by
many reports over the past decade. Social responsibility means sustaining the equilibrium
between the two. It pertains not only to business organizations but also to everyone whose
any action impacts the environment. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a business
approach that contributes to sustainable development by delivering economic, social and
environmental benefits for all stakeholders.

CSR is a concept with many definitions and practices. The way it is understood and
implemented differs greatly for each company and country. Moreover, CSR is a very broad
concept that addresses many and various topics such as human rights, corporate governance,
health and safety, environmental effects, working conditions and contribution to economic
development. Whatever the definition is, the purpose of CSR is to drive change towards
sustainability.
 References
http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/social-responsibility.html
http://www.academia.edu/6404646/CORPORATE_SOCIAL_RESPONSIBILITY_-
_A_study_of_key_features_benefits_criticism_and_the_various_initiatives
https://www.bigcommerce.com/ecommerce-answers/what-is-corporate-social-
responsibility-csr/
http://www.businessnewsdaily.com/5499-examples-socially-responsible-
businesses.html
Snap Shots