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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 SCOPE
2.1 Location
2.2 Paralleling and Crossing Transmission Lines
2.3 Paralleling and Crossing Major Highways
2.4 Vertical Clearances above Ground, Road Crossings and Paralleling, Crossing of Rail
Road
6.1 General
6.2 Conductor Clearance to edge of Right-of-Way
6.3 Right-of-Way Width Requirements for Single Transmission Line
6.4 Right-of-Way Width Requirements for Parallel Transmission Lines
6.5 Example Calculation of Right-Of-Way
7.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY
FIGURE TE-2209-0200-00 Clearance Requirement for Conductors from other Circuits and
Right-Of-Way (ROW) for Single Transmission Line
1.0 SCOPE
The purpose of this standard is to highlight Saudi Electricity Company (SEC), Saudi Arabia
practices with respect to clearances required for various paralleling and crossing facilities
and right of way requirements.
2.1 Location
2.1.1 Transmission lines shall be located as near as possible to roads for easy
accessibility during construction and later for inspection, insulator
washing, maintenance and repair. Obstacles such as high hills, wadis,
water flooding areas, swampy ground or poor soils shall be avoided.
Selection of routes shall also take into account grade and conditions of the
terrain to be traversed.
2.1.2 Selection of final route for any transmission line shall be coordinated with
the concerned SEC departments.
2.2.2 Crossing lines shall be arranged so that the higher voltage line or line of
higher security crosses over the line of lower voltage or lower security. It is
preferable that transmission lines shall cross each other at right angles.
2.2.3 The vertical clearance between any crossing lines carried on different
supporting structures shall not be less than those given in Table 09-13.
2.3.1 Major highways are defined as any primary or secondary roads which are
normally accessible to traffic with no restriction. Minimum clearances
from the nearest conductor to edge of major highways for restricted and
unrestricted rights of way are given in Table 09-1.
Table 09-1: Minimum Distance from nearest Conductor to edge of Major Highways
Voltage, (kV) Right of Way Not-Restricted, (m) Right of Way Restricted, (m)
69 18
110 25
Maximum Height of
115 Transmission Line Structure 25
132 Plus 5 meters 25
230 30
380 40
2.3.2 Where transmission line routes cross major highways, the angle of
intersection shall be as near as possible to 90 degrees and if not possible,
the angle of intersection shall be between 45 to 135 degrees. The edge of
the nearest transmission line structure foundation shall not be closer than a
distance equal to the maximum height of the structure installed when
measured from the edge of zone of major highways.
2.3.3 When paralleling roads other than major highways, especially roads in
urban areas, lesser clearances than required by paragraph 2.3.1 are
permissible between roads and transmission lines provided that public
safety and safety & reliability of the lines are not affected. When
necessary, the line structures shall be protected by providing crash barriers
around them without jeopardizing access to the line for maintenance. These
protective measures shall be considered individually on a project basis for
their effectiveness.
2.4 Vertical Clearances above Ground and Road Crossings and Paralleling, Crossing of
Rail Road
2.4.1 Vertical clearance is defined as the vertical distance between the highest
point on terrain (grade, road surface, rail road, rail etc.) and the lowest
conductor of the overhead lines. Calculation of actual line clearance at
final tension shall be based on a temperature of 80C for ACSR & AAAC,
85C for ACAR and 93C for ACSR/AW conductor. Grading of existing
natural ground level to meet the vertical clearance requirements shall not
be acceptable unless otherwise approved by SEC.
2.4.2 The minimum vertical clearances required for SEC transmission line
designs for 380 kV and below over various types of roads and terrain are
given in Table 09-2 and shall be followed unless otherwise specified in the
approval letters of different approval agencies involved.
2.4.4 There are some areas where certain road crossings shall require additional
clearance. The extra high clearance roads in the industrial areas such as
Jubail, Dammam, Yanbu, etc. may require a vertical clearance in the range
of 18-21 meters above roads or highways.
2.4.6 Highways and roads designated to be used for hauling heavy and oversized
loads are classified as Category A. All other roads, highways and
expressways are classified Category B.
2.4.8 The road clearances in this Standard for designated high clearance roads
and expressways and highways considerably exceed the minimum
requirements recommended by the NESC for vertical clearances above
roadways.
2.4.9 The vertical clearances over the type of terrain not covered by Table 09-2,
such as canals, waterways, terrain in the vicinity of airports or any unusual
situation which might be developed, shall be resolved separately and
mutually agreed to by interested parties.
Table 09-2: Minimum Vertical Clearances for Roads and Terrain Crossings (see note 5)
B and C. Vehicle traffic is expected to exceed 5.5 meter height and the transmission
lines need not normally be removed from service.
3. For transmission lines when located in open terrain within 5km and 2km from the
boundary limits of cities/towns and villages respectively, the required clearances listed
under Category D shall be increased by a minimum of two (2) meters.
4. When transmission lines are located in desert area affected by shifting sand dunes, the
clearance listed in Category D shall be increased by a minimum of two (2) meters in the
spans indicating shifting sand dunes.
5. The clearances shall be increased @ 3 % for each 300m in excess of 1,000m altitude
above mean sea level.
The guidelines listed below shall be followed for all the requests of customer
metallic facilities, such as pipelines, rail road, communication cables, cathodic
protection systems, etc., (whether overhead, above-ground or under-ground) to cross
and/or run in close proximity to SEC transmission lines. The following guidelines
shall be applied to all facilities in a single location in case more than one facility is
involved in the request.
3.1.1 SEC approval for allowing other parties to construct and install their
projects in parallel to and/or crossing the transmission lines shall be
granted if the project proponent satisfy all the following conditions:
3.1.2 The maximum touch voltage limit to insure safety to personnel during
steady-state conditions shall be as follows:
Conditions Limits
Continuous Voltage 15 volts
Continuous Current 10 milli-amperes
3.1.3 The maximum touch voltage limit to insure safety to personnel during fault
conditions shall be according to the following ANSI/IEEE 80 equation:
116 + (017
. )
Vtouch =
t
Where:
Therefore, for 500 ohm-meter top soil resistivity and 0.5 second fault
clearing time, the safe touch voltage limit is 284 volts.
When the rights of ways are unrestricted following minimum spacing between the
centerlines of transmission lines and above grade or below grade metallic facility
shall be maintained. In case the minimum distances cannot be maintained the
request shall be referred to TAPD for review.
3.3.1 The minimum vertical clearance between the transmission lines and ground
facilities shall be per Table 09-2.
3.3.2 When ground facilities cross transmission line access roads, the facility
crossing shall be designed to provide safe passage of vehicular traffic. For
unpaved crossing of above grade facility, refer TES-P-122.11.
3.3.3 When the facility routes cross overhead transmission line the preferred
angle of intersection is 90 degrees and if not possible crossing angle
between 70 to 110 degrees shall be acceptable.
3.3.4 The facility shall cross the transmission line at mid span between towers,
otherwise the crossing shall be minimum 100 meters away from the nearest
transmission line foundation for 230 kV and 380 kV transmission lines and
minimum 50 meters away from the nearest transmission line foundation for
69kV, 110kV, 115kV and 132kV transmission lines.
3.3.5 If the facility runs parallel to the transmission line after the intersection
then it shall also meet minimum distance requirements mentioned under
clause 3.2 above. If the metallic facility is crossing below the grade and
changing its direction at a distance less than 300 meters (for 230kV and
380kV transmission lines) and 150 meters (for 69kV, 110kV, 115kV and
132kV transmission lines) from crossing, the facility shall be grounded at
the point where the direction is changing.
If the metallic facility is crossing above the grade, the facility shall be
grounded up to 100 meters along the length of the facility in both
directions from the crossing point. If the facility is changing its direction at
a distance greater than 100 meters and less than 300 meters (for 230kV and
380kV transmission lines) and 150 meters (for 69kV, 110kV, 115kV and
132kV transmission lines) from the crossing point, additional grounding
shall be provided at the point where the direction is changing. The
grounding of the metallic facility shall be to the satisfaction of the
concerned party.
Horizontal spacing between the edge of the foundation of the transmission lines and edge of
the main oil facilities shall be provided for safe operation and maintenance of both.
Minimum spacing for 69 kV to 380 kV transmission lines to main oil facilities shall be as
follows:
Where:
Where suspension insulators are used and are not restrained from
movement, the clearance shall be increased so that one string of insulators
may swing transversely through a range of insulator swing up to its
maximum design swing angle without reducing the values given in
equations 09-1 to 09-4 and 09-11 to 09-16. The maximum design swing
angle shall be based on 1064 N/m2 wind on the insulator.
2T Sin ( / 2) ( HS x Pc )
= Arc Tan (Eq.09-6)
( VS x Wc ) + Wi / 2
Where
= angle with the vertical through which the insulator string swings
5.1.3 Horizontal Clearance for different Circuits where one or both Circuits
exceed 98kV Phase-to-Ground
1.667
U (SSF) a
Min. clearance (H) = 1000 L L b (Eq.09-7)
500k
Where:
b. The clearance derived from above equation shall not be less than the
basic clearance given in equations 09-1 to 09-4.
All conductors located at different levels on the same supporting structure of the
same or different circuits for the same sag, shall have vertical clearances not less
than required by the equations given below:
Where:
5.2.2 For different Circuits on the same Structure of different Nominal Voltage
a. Vc = 830+10[(U01+U02)-50] (Eq.09-9)
Where:
When the circuits have the same nominal voltage, either circuit may
be considered to be the higher voltage circuit.
5.2.3 Clearances for different Circuits where one or both exceed 98kV to Ground
The clearances specified in equations 09-8 and 09-9 may be reduced for
circuits with known switching surge factors, but shall not be less than the
clearances required by the equation below:
( U (SSF) + U L ) a
1.667
5.3.1 Clearance in any direction from a line conductor to the surface of its own
support structure shall not be less than that calculated by the following
equation:
2. The clearances (maximum wind) given in the above table shall be maintained when
the insulator strings and conductors swing transversely upto maximum design
swing angle.
1.667
U (SSF) a
Min. Clearance (T) = 1000 L-G b (Eq.09-12)
500k
Where:
a = 1.15, the allowance for three standard deviations with fixed insulator
supports
a = 1.05, the allowance for one standard deviation with free swinging
insulators
5.3.3 When suspension insulators are used and are not restrained for movement,
the clearance shall be increased so that the insulator strings may swing up
to maximum design angle without reducing the values as tabulated in Table
09-8. The maximum insulator swing angle shall be determined as outlined
in equation 09-5.
a. Basic Clearance
Where:
a. Basic Clearance
Where:
2. The clearances shall be maintained under the conditions, when upper level conductors are at
the final unloaded sag at maximum design temperature of conductor and lower level
conductors are at the initial sag at the minimum design temperature of conductor or at final
unloaded sag under the same ambient condition without electrical loading whichever results
in larger difference.
3. The clearances shall be increased @ 3 % for each 300m in excess of 1,000m altitude above
mean sea level.
Conductors of one line passing near a lighting support, traffic signal support, or a
supporting structure of a second line, without being attached thereto, shall have
clearance from any part of the structure not less than calculated by the equation
below:
C = Sc x sin (Eq.09-17)
The clearances specified in equations 09-15 and 09-18 may be reduced for
circuits with known switching surge factors but shall not be less than the
values derived from the following equations.
U (SSF) a
1.667
The horizontal and vertical clearances of line conductors from other structures such
as tall buildings, signs, chimneys, TV masts, lighting poles, monuments in the
round-abouts,etc., shall be established as required, taking into consideration all local
conditions and the latest government and owner regulations.
Minimum clearances of wires, conductors and cables passing by, but not
attached to building and other installations, shall not be less than those
given in the following table. The horizontal clearance mentioned in the
table shall be maintained when the conductor swings upto the design swing
angle.
To wall and
1.40 2.55 2.80 2.85 2.95 3.60 4.55
projections (3)
To unguarded
1.40 2.55 2.80 2.85 2.95 3.60 4.55
windows (4)
To balconies and
areas accessible to
1.40 2.55 2.80 2.85 2.95 3.60 4.55
pedestrians (1)
Buildings (Vertical)
Above or below
balconies and roofs
accessible to
pedestrians (1) 3.20 4.35 4.60 4.65 4.80 5.40 6.35
Above roofs
accessible to truck
traffic (2) 3.20 4.35 4.60 4.65 4.80 5.40 6.35
Above roofs
accessible to vehicles
but not subject to
truck traffic 4.70 5.85 6.10 6.15 6.30 6.90 7.85
Signs, Chimneys,
radio and television
antennas, lighting
poles, monuments in
the round-abouts
tanks and other
installations not
classified as
buildings:
Vertical above or
below 0.90 2.70 2.95 3.00 3.10 3.70 4.70
Notes:
1. A roof, balcony or area is considered accessible to pedestrians if the means of access is through a
doorway, ramp, stairway or permanently mounted ladder.
2. For the purpose of this rule, trucks are defined as any vehicle exceeding 2.45 m in height.
3. This clearance may be reduced to 75 mm for the grounded portions of guys.
4. Windows not designed to open may have the clearances permitted for walls and projections.
5. A margin of 1.0m shall be added to account for design errors.
6. The clearances shall be increased @ 3 % for each 300m in excess of 1,000m altitude
above mean sea level.
The clearance specified in Table 09-12 may be reduced for circuit with
known switching surge factors but shall not be less than the values derived
from equations 09-19 and 09-20.
The separation between the overhead ground wire and the top conductor is a
function of the actual structure footing resistance, wind speed, the number of
insulators in the insulator string, type of insulator, the span length and the acceptable
number of outages per 100 km per year.
5.7.1 The clearance at midspan between the overhead ground wires and the
conductors shall be greater than that at the structure and shall be well
coordinated so that the flashover occurs at the structure.
5.7.2 Line voltages have little relationship on the required midspan clearances.
The midspan clearances for SEC 69kV through 380 kV transmission lines
shall not be less than those tabulated below. The clearances shall be
maintained at every day temperarure, final sag with no wind and shall be
satisfied for the largest span encountered in a transmission line section.
The values for intermediate spans may be interpolated.
5.7.3 For spans longer than those in the above table, the final sag of the overhead
ground wire with no wind at every day temperature shall about 80 per cent
of conductor sag.
b. For the 430 N/m2 wind position, the conductor clearance to structure
shall be the air gap equivalent of the insulator string impulse
flashover value.
6.1 General
6.1.1 Right-of-way requirements for 69 kV, 110kV, 115 kV, 132kV, 230 kV and
380 kV transmission lines are discussed in this part. All right-of-way shall
be secured before design and construction.
a. Basic Clearance
Where:
b. Alternate clearance in mm
U (SSF) a
1.667
C = Offset due to conductor sag x Sin 2. Conductor sag shall be the final
sag based on computed ruling span at every day temperature with
1064 N/mm2 wind
6.4.2 Steps A through E, as in clause 6.3.2, shall be followed and the angles 1
and 2 shall be determined for each of the two lines that are being
paralleled. Then determine the dimensions required for Items F and G.
The larger of these two shall determine the distance between the parallel
transmission lines.
6.4.3 The separation between lines will depend upon the spans and sags of the
lines as well as how the structures of one line line-up with structures of
another. In order to avoid the unreasonable task of determining the
separation of the structures span-by-span, a standard separation value shall
be used based on a worst case analysis. Thus if structures of one line do not
always line-up with the other, the separation required by clause 6.4.2.b
above shall be based on assumption that the structure of one line is located
next to the mid-span point of the line that has the most sag.
6.5.2 Typical calculations for a single 230kV double circuit steel tower with 22
units of suspension insulator per string, 402.6 mm (795 kcmil), 26/7
strands ACSR/AW Drake conductor and 335 meters ruling span are:
a. Dimension A
TESP12209R0/MAA Date of Approval: December 12, 2007 PAGE NO. 27 OF 39
TRANSMISSION ENGINEERING STANDARD TES-P-122.09, Rev. 0
b. Dimension B
Assume 1 = 45
c. Dimension C
Sag for 335 m ruling span = 10.64 m at 27C, final with 1064 N/mm2
wind
0.5
Cl = 9.5 m + x Cos 63o = 9.72 m
2
d. Dimension D
253
D = 2300mm + 10 mm 22
3
1.667
U (SSF) a
D = 1500 mm + 1000 L-G bc
500k
e. Dimension E
6.5.3 Typical calculation for two parallel 230kV steel tower lines (Figure TE-
2209-0300-00)
U U
F = 7.6mm 1 + 2 + 8 2.12S
3 3
Where:
U
G = 1500mm + 10.2 1 50
3
= 1500 + 10 (146-50)
U(SSF) a
1.667
9 Stranding 26/7
11 Diameter, mm 28.14
Normal
Ruling Maximum
Line Voltage ROW
Structure Conductor Span Span
(kV) Width
(m) (m)
(m)
Lattice Steel, S/C
ACAR 400 550 85
(Horizontal)
380 Lattice Steel, D/C AAAC/ACA
400 550 70/75
(Vertical, V-String) R
Lattice Steel, D/C
ACSR 400 550 50*
(Vertical, I-String)
Lattice Steel, D/C
ACSR 305-350 400 56
(Delta)
Lattice Steel, D/C
230 ACSR 305-350 400 45
(Vertical)
Steel Monopole,
ACSR 200 250 35
D/C (Vetical)
Lattice Steel, D/C AAAC/ACS
305-350 400 35/50
(Vertical/Delta) R
Steel Monopole, ACSR/AAA
200 250 30
D/C (Vetical) C
110/115/132
Wood H-Frame, S/C ACSR 260-275 320 30
Wood/Steel
Monopole, S/C & ACSR 80-100 110-120 15
D/C
Lattice Steel, D/C
ACSR 305-350 400 30
(Vertical)
Wood H-Frame, S/C ACSR 260-275 320 25
69
Wood/Steel
Monopole, S/C & ACSR 80-120 140 15
D/C
Notes:
i. ROW marked with * is applicable in the Inland Area where creepage distance is
31mm/kV.
ii. The figures indicated in the above Table shall be applicable when ROW is un-
restricted. In case of restricted ROW the exact value shall be established based on
the actual span length and the actual conductor data.
iii. Wherever right-of-way is restricted and not possible to accommodate structure pads
and access road per TES-P-122.11, SEC shall review the case to determine
appropriate right-of-way.
Normal
Maximum
Line Voltage Ruling Span ROW
Structure Conductor Span
(kV) (m) Width
(m)
(m)
H-Frame Wood, S/C ACSR 260-275 320
69 23
Wood Pole, S/C ACSR 80-100 110-120
Note: Wherever right-of-way is restricted and not possible to accommodate structure pads
and access road per TES-P-122.11, SEC shall review the case to determine appropriate
right-of-way.
7.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY
7.1 Design Manual for High Voltage Transmission Lines, REA Bulletin 1724E-
200, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2005 Edition
7.3 National Electrical Safety Code, American National Standard Institute, 2007
Edition
7.7 Shielding of Transmission Lines, IEEE Paper No. 63-640, J.M. Clayton, F.S.
Young and A.R. Hileman