Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
hu
A fgg beszd egy valaki rszrl elhangzott kijelents, krds, felszlts, haj, kvnsg vagy tancsads
kzvettse trgyi mellkmondat formjban. Ha a fmondat (az idzetet bevezet mondat) lltmnya
jelen idben, jv idben, vagy Present Perfect-ben van, a mellkmondat (ami maga az idzet) vltozatlan
marad. Ha a fmondat lltmnya mlt idben van, a mellkmondatban az albbiak szerinti
vltoztatsokra van szksg.
he is he was
he was he had been
he will be he would be
he works he worked
he is working he was working
he has worked he had worked
he has been working he had been working
he worked he had worked
he was working he had been working
he had worked ugyanaz
he had been working ugyanaz
he will work he would work
he will be working he would be working
he will have worked he would have worked
he will have been
he would have been working
working
will would last night the previous night/ the night before
shall should next week the following week
may might today that day
can could yesterday the previous day/ the day before
have to had to the day before two days before
yesterday
must must/ have to megfelel alakja tomorrow the next day/ the following day
the day after tomorrow in two days time
a year ago a year before/ the previous year
here there
this that could, would, should, might, ought to nincs vltozs
these those
now then
Csoportostsuk:
I. Kijelent mondatok
II. Krd mondatok
III. Felszlt mondatok, haj, kvnsg, tancsads
IV. Klnleges esetek
Ksztette: Mez Csaba Tel.: (30) 958-6667 E-mail: mezo.csaba@t-online.hu Honlap: www.mezocsaba.atw.hu
I. Kijelent mondatok
A kijelent mondatok jellegzetessge, hogy a fmondat s a mellkmondat kztt that ktsz ll, amely
akr el is hagyhat, ha a kt tagmondat kztti kapcsolat trgyi alrendels. A fmondat s a
mellkmondat kz a magyar helyesrsi szablyoktl eltren- nem tesznk vesszt.
He told me,I have been waiting for you for a long time.
He told me (that) he had been waiting me for a long time.
A mellkmondat bevezetse tbbnyire a kvetkez igkkel trtnik:
say, tell sy(!), inform, announce, explain, prove, complain, mention, hear, read, write, let sy know, object,
protest, shout, whisper
A kijelent mondatok kpzsekor a fenti lptetsi szablyokat kell alkalmazni. Vannak azonban
kivtelek s klnleges esetek, amikor nem szksges vltoztats.
A Simple Past vltozatlan maradhat, ha a cselekvs idpontja konkrtan meg van hatrozva
We returned home on Sunday, they said.
They said (that) they returned/ had returned home on Sunday.
A Past Continuous vltozatlan maradhat abban az esetben, ha az a cselekvs folyamatossgra utal, nem
pedig annak befejezettsgre
When I met her she was preparing for her exams, he said.
He said (that) when he met her she was preparing for her exams.
De: She said,I was planning to sell my flat, but finally I have changed my mind.
She said (that) she had been planning to sell her flat but finally she had changed her mind.
wish/ if only; would rather; had better; it is (high) time we ...hasznlatakor nincs vltozs
I wish/ if only we didnt write a test, my son said.
My son said (that) he wished they didnt write a test.
I would rather you bought this golden necklace, said my wife.
My wife said (that) she would rather I bought that golden necklace.
You had better stay in bed for a few days, said the doctor.
The doctor said that I had better stay in bed for a few days.
It is (high) time we went home, our guests said.
Our guests said (that) it was (high) time they went home.
Krd mondatokban is a kijelent mondatoknl alkalmazott vltoztatsokra van szksg, viszont lnyeges
klnbsg, hogy itt nem hasznlhatjuk a that-at ktszknt. A krd szrend egyenes szrendd vltozik,
s nem krdjel, hanem pont van a mondat vgn. A kt tagmondat kz itt sem tesznk vesszt. Az
egyenes krdst bevezet say igt ask, inquire, wonder, want to know etc. rdekldst kifejez igv kell
vltoztatni.
He said,Is there a library in your town? He inquired if there was a library in our town.
Csak ask vezetheti be a fgg krdst, ha megnevezzk a szemlyt, akihez a krdst intzzk
The doctor asked me,What are you complaining about?
The doctor asked me what I was complaining about.
whether + infinitive akkor alkalmazhat, ha wonder, want to know vezeti be a fgg krdst (az inquire
ritkn hasznlatos)
He wondered,Shall/ Should I try to repair it or have a mechanic in?
He wondered whether to try to repair it or have a mechanic in.
He wondered whether he should try to repair it or have a mechanic in.
feltteles mdban whether-t hasznlunk, mert msklnben kt if-nek kellene a mondatban szerepelnie
He asked,If you sell your old car, will you buy a new one?
He asked whether, if I sold my old car, I would buy a new one.
shall I / we?
a, jvbeli esemnyre vonatkoz tallgats esetn tbbnyire wonder-t hasznlunk bevezetsknt
He wondered,Shall I ever meet her again?
He wondered if he would ever meet her again.
b, ask, inquire etc. bevezet igt s should vagy be + infinitive szerkezetet alkalmazunk, ha
tancsot krnk vagy utastsra vrunk
He said,Where shall I put this chair, grandma?
He asked his grandma where he was to put that chair.
He asked his grandma where he should put that chair.
c, knls, segtsg felajnlsa
She said,Shall I make you some coffee?
She offered me to make some coffee.
d, javaslat
He said,Shall we meet outside the cinema?
He suggested meeting outside the cinema.
will you / would you / could you?
a, szokvnyos krdsekben
He said,Will you be there at the reunion?
He asked if I would be there at the reunion.
Ksztette: Mez Csaba Tel.: (30) 958-6667 E-mail: mezo.csaba@t-online.hu Honlap: www.mezocsaba.atw.hu
Az ilyen tpus mondatok bevezetseknt a kvetkez igk alkalmazhatk: advise, ask, beg, command,
encourage, entreat, forbid, implore, invite, order, recommend, remind, request, tell, urge, warn etc.
Felkiltsok
- What (a).../ How...! kezdet mondatokat exclaim that/ say that igkkel vezetjk be
She said,What a good idea! She exclaimed that it was a good idea.
She said,How horrible! She exclaimed that it was horrible.
- Good! Marvellous! Splendid! Heavens! Oh! Ugh! felkiltsokat bevezethetjk give an exclamation of
delight/ disgust/ horror/ relief/ surprise kifejezsekkel
Splendid!he exclaimed. He gave an exclamation of pleasure/ satisfaction.
- egyb esetek
He said,Thank you! He thanked me.
He said,Good luck! He wished me luck.
He said,Happy Christmas! He wished me a happy Christmas.
He said,Congratulations! He congratulated me.
He said,Liar! He called me a liar.
He said,Damn! He swore.
The notice said: Welcome to England! The notice welcomed visitors to England.
yes / no
He said,Can you drive? and I said No. He asked (me) if I could drive and I said I couldnt.
He said, Will you help me? and I said Yes. He asked (me) if I would help him and I said I would.
lets(not) esetben a bevezets a suggest-tel trtnik
He said,Lets go on a sightseeing tour. He suggested going on a sightseeing tour.
He suggested that we/ they should go on a sightseeing tour.
He said,Lets not move it till the inspector arrives. He suggested not moving it till the inspector arrives
He suggested that we/ they shouldnt move it till the
inspector arrives.
- javaslat
Let them go to the Hungarian Embassy,he said.
He suggested their/ them going to the Hungarian Embassy.
He said/ suggested that they should go to the Hungarian Embassy.
- megengeds
Let her join us, dad; we will take good care of her, I said.
I asked my dad to let her join us and I assured him to take a good care of her.
must
- kvetkeztets
He said,I meet her every day; she must be my new neighbour.
He said that he met her every day and she must be his new neighbour.
- utasts
He said,These things mustnt be touched.
He said that those things mustnt be touched.
must / have to ktelezettsgek, elre eltervezett dolgok esetn
He said,I must write an essay. He said that he had to write an essay.
He said,I must be at the station in ten minutes. He said that he had to be at the station in ten minutes.
Ksztette: Mez Csaba Tel.: (30) 958-6667 E-mail: mezo.csaba@t-online.hu Honlap: www.mezocsaba.atw.hu
must?
Why must you leave the party so soon?he said. He asked me why I had to leave the party so soon.
must not
He said to me,You mustnt tell the secret. He said to me that I mustnt tell the secret.
He said to me not to tell the secret.
neednt
He said,You neednt wait for me. He said to me that I neednt wait for him.
need?
Need I go to the negotiation? I asked my boss. I asked my boss if I had to go to the negotiation.
Ksztette: Mez Csaba Tel.: (30) 958-6667 E-mail: mezo.csaba@t-online.hu Honlap: www.mezocsaba.atw.hu