LT1241 Series

High Speed Current Mode

Pulse Width Modulators
U
FEATURES DESCRIPTIO
Low Start-Up Current: < 250A The LT 1241 series devices are 8-pin, fixed frequency,
50ns Current Sense Delay current mode, pulse width modulators. They are improved
Current Mode Operation: To 500kHz plug compatible versions of the industry standard UC1842
Pin Compatible with UC1842 Series series. These devices have both improved speed and
Undervoltage Lockout with Hysteresis lower quiescent current. The LT1241 series is optimized
No Cross-Conduction Current for off-line and DC/DC converter applications. They con-
Trimmed Bandgap Reference tain a temperature-compensated reference, high gain er-
1A Totem Pole Output ror amplifier, current sensing comparator and a high
Trimmed Oscillator Frequency and Sink Current current totem pole output stage ideally suited to driving
Active Pull-Down on Reference and Output During power MOSFETs. Start-up current has been reduced to
Undervoltage Lockout less than 250A. Cross-conduction current spikes in
High Level Output Clamp: 18V the output stage have been eliminated, making 500kHz
Current Sense Leading Edge Blanking operation practical. Several new features have been incor-
UO porated. Leading edge blanking has been added to the
APPLICATI S current sense comparator. Trims have been added to the
oscillator circuit for both frequency and sink current, and
Off-Line Converters both of these parameters are tightly specified. The output
DC/DC Converters stage is clamped to a maximum VOUT of 18V in the
on state. The output and the reference output are actively
, LTC and LT are registered trademarks of Linear Technology Corporation. pulled low during undervoltage lockout.

W
BLOCK DIAGRA
UV
REFERENCE ENABLE LOCKOUT

5V REF REFERENCE PULL-DOWN

8 VREF
MAIN BIAS
OUTPUT
PULL-DOWN 7 VCC

RT/CT 4 OSCILLATOR
T
S 6 OUTPUT
COMP 1 5.6V 1V R
1mA
FB 2 5 GND
2R
2.5V BLANKING
18V
+ R
+ +
1.5V
ISENSE 3
1241 BD01

1
LT1241 Series
W W W U U W U
ABSOLUTE AXI U RATI GS PACKAGE/ORDER I FOR ATIO
Supply Voltage ........................................................ 25V ORDER PART
Output Current ....................................................... 1A* TOP VIEW
NUMBER
Output Energy (Capacitive Load per Cycle) ...............5J COMP 1 8 VREF
Analog Inputs (Pins 2, 3) ............................... 0.3 to 6V FB 2 7 VCC
LT124XCJ8
Error Amplifier Output Sink Current...................... 10mA ISENSE 3 6 OUTPUT
LT124XCN8
Power Dissipation at TA 25C ................................ 1W RT/CT 4 5 GND LT124XCS8
Operating Junction Temperature Range LT124XIN8
J8 PACKAGE N8 PACKAGE
LT124XC ............................................. 0C to 100C 8-LEAD CERDIP 8-LEAD PDIP LT124XIS8
LT124XI......................................... 40C to 100C S8 PACKAGE LT124XMJ8
8-LEAD PLASTIC SO
LT124XM........................................ 55C to 125C
S8 PART MARKING
Storage Temperature Range ................. 65C to 150C TJMAX = 125C, JA = 100C/W (J8)
TJMAX = 100C, JA = 130C/W (N8)
Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 sec).................. 300C TJMAX = 100C, JA = 150C/W (S8) 124X
*The 1A rating for output current is based on transient switching 124XI
requirements.

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (Notes 1, 2)

PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS

Reference Section
Output Voltage IO = 1mA, TJ = 25C 4.925 5.000 5.075 V
Line Regulation 12V < VCC < 25V 3 20 mV
Load Regulation 1mA < IVREF < 20mA 6 25 mV
Temperature Stability 0.1 mV/C
Total Output Variation Line, Load, Temp 4.87 5.13 V
Output Noise Voltage 10Hz < F < 10kHz, TJ = 25C 50 V
Long Term Stability TA = 125C, 1000 Hrs. 5 25 mV
Output Short-Circuit Current 30 90 180 mA
Oscillator Section
Initial Accuracy RT = 10k, C T = 3.3nF, TJ = 25C 47.5 50 52.5 kHz
RT = 13.0k, C T = 500pF, TJ = 25C 228 248 268 kHz
Voltage Stability 12V < VCC < 25V, TJ = 25C 1 %
Temperature Stability TMIN < TJ < TMAX 0.05 %/C
Amplitude TJ = 25C (Pin 4) 1.7 V
Clock Ramp Reset Current VOSC (Pin 4) = 2V, TJ = 25C 7.9 8.2 8.5 mA
Error Amplifier Section
Feedback Pin Input Voltage VPIN1 = 2.5V 2.42 2.50 2.58 V
Input Bias Current VFB = 2.5V 2 A
Open-Loop Voltage Gain 2 < VO < 4V 65 90 dB
Unity-Gain Bandwidth TJ = 25C 0.7 1.3 2 MHz
Power Supply Rejection Ratio 12V < VCC < 25V 60 dB
Output Sink Current VPIN2 = 2.7V, VPIN1 = 1.1V 2 6 mA
Output Source Current VPIN2 = 2.3V, VPIN1 = 5V 0.5 0.75 mA

2
 LT1241 Series
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (Notes 1, 2)

PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS

Error Amplifier Section
Output Voltage High Level VPIN2 = 2.3V, RL = 15k to GND 5 5.6 V
Output Voltage Low Level VPIN2 = 2.7V, RL = 15k to Pin 8 0.2 1.1 V
Current Sense Section
Gain 2.85 3.00 3.15 V/V
Maximum Current Sense Input Threshold VPIN3 < 1.1V 0.90 1.00 1.10 V
Power Supply Rejection Ratio 70 dB
Input Bias Current 1 10 A
Delay to Output 50 100 ns
Blanking Time 100 ns
Blanking Override Voltage 1.5 V
Output Section
Output Low Level IOUT = 20mA 0.25 0.4 V
IOUT = 200mA 0.75 2.2 V
Output High Level IOUT = 20mA 12.0 V
IOUT = 200mA 11.75 V
Rise Time CL = 1nF, TJ = 25C 50 80 ns
Fall Time CL = 1.0nF, TJ = 25C 30 60 ns
Output Clamp Voltage IO = 1mA 18 19.5 V
Undervoltage Lockout
Start-Up Threshold
LT1241 9.0 9.6 10.2 V
LT1242/LT1244 15 16 17 V
LT1243/LT1245 7.8 8.4 9.0 V
Minimum Operating Voltage
LT1241/LT1243/LT1245 7.0 7.6 8.2 V
LT1242/LT1244 9.0 10 11 V
Hysteresis
LT1241 1.6 2.0 V
LT1242/LT1244 5.5 6.0 V
LT1243/LT1245 0.4 0.8 V
PWM
Maximum Duty Cycle
LT1241/LT1244/LT1245 TJ = 25C 46 48 %
LT1242/LT1243 TJ = 25C 94 96 %
Minimum Duty Cycle 0 %
Total Device
Start-Up Current 170 250 A
Operating Current 7 10 mA

The denotes those specifications which apply over the full operating Note 2: Low duty cycle pulse techniques are used during test to maintain
temperature range. junction temperature close to ambient.
Note 1: Unless otherwise specified, VCC = 15V, RT = 10k, CT = 3.3nF.

3
LT1241 Series
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TYPICAL PERFOR A CE CHARACTERISTICS
Undervoltage Lockout Undervoltage Lockout
Undervoltage Lockout LT1241 LT1242, LT1244 LT1243, LT1245
11 17 11

START-UP THRESHOLD
10 16 10
START-UP THRESHOLD

9 15 9

VCC (V)
VCC (V)

VCC (V)
START-UP THRESHOLD

8 11 8
MINIMUM OPERATING VOLTAGE MINIMUM OPERATING VOLTAGE
MINIMUM OPERATING VOLTAGE
7 10 7

6 9 6
50 25 0 25 50 75 100 125 50 25 0 25 50 75 100 125 50 25 0 25 50 75 100 125
TEMPERATURE (C) TEMPERATURE (C) TEMPERATURE (C)
LT1241 TPC01 LT1241 TPC02 LT1241 TPC03

Start-Up Current Start-Up Current Supply Current

200 200 10
START-UP 180 VCC = 15V
THRESHOLD RT = 10k
160 9 CT = 3300pF
START-UP CURRENT (A)
START-UP CURRENT (A)

150
140
LT1241
LT1243/5 LT1242/4
120 8
ICC (mA)
100 100
80 7
60
50
40 6
TJ = 25C 20
0 0 5
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 50 25 0 25 50 75 100 125 50 25 0 25 50 75 100 125
VCC (V) TEMPERATURE (C) TEMPERATURE (C)
LT1241 TPC04 LT1241 TPC05 LT1241 TPC06

Supply Current vs
Oscillator Frequency Oscillator Frequency Oscillator Sink Current
10 60 8.7
VCC = 5V VPIN4 = 2V
9 58 8.6
RT = 10k
OSCILLATOR SINK CURRENT (mA)

8 LT1242, LT1243 56 CT = 3300pF 8.5

SUPPLY CURRENT (mA)

7 LT1241, LT1244, LT1245 54 8.4

FREQUENCY (kHz)

6 52 8.3
5 50 8.2
4 48 8.1

3 46 8.0
VCC = 15V 44 7.9
2
RT = 10k
1 CL = 15pF 42 7.8
0 40 7.7
10k 100k 1M 50 25 0 25 50 75 100 125 50 25 0 25 50 75 100 125
OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY (Hz) TEMPERATURE (C) TEMPERATURE (C)
LT1241 TPC18 LT1241 TPC07 LT1241 TPC08

4
 LT1241 Series
U W
TYPICAL PERFOR A CE CHARACTERISTICS

Reference Voltage Reference Short-Circuit Current Feedback Pin Input Voltage

5.05 140 2.55

REFERENCE SHORT-CIRCUIT CURRENT (mA)

5.04 IO = 1mA 2.54

FEEDBACK PIN INPUT VOLTAGE (V)

120
5.03 2.53
REFERENCE VOLTAGE (V)

5.02 2.52
100
5.01 2.51
5.00 80 2.50

4.99 2.49
60
4.98 2.48
4.97 2.47
40
4.96 2.46
4.95 20 2.45
50 25 0 25 50 75 100 125 50 25 0 25 50 75 100 125 50 25 0 25 50 75 100 125
TEMPERATURE (C) TEMPERATURE (C)
TEMPERATURE (C)
LT1241 TPC10 LT1241 TPC09 LT1241 TPC11

Error Amplifier Open-Loop Gain

and Phase Current Sense Clamp Voltage Current Sense Input Threshold
100 225 1.05 1.2

CURRENT SENSE INPUT THRESHOLD (V)

VCC = 15V 1.04
CURRENT SENSE CLAMP VOLTAGE (V)
AVOL OPEN-LOOP VOLTAGE GAIN (dB)

80 VO = 2.0V - 4.0V 180 1.0

GAIN RL = 100k 1.03
TA = 25C
1.02
60 135 0.8
PHASE (DEG)

1.01 TJ = 55C
PHASE
40 90 1.00 0.6
TJ =125C
0.99
20 45 0.4
0.98
0.97 TJ = 25C
0 0 0.2
0.96
20 45 0.95 0
10 100 1k 10k 100k 1M 10M 50 25 0 25 50 75 100 125 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
FREQUENCY (Hz) TEMPERATURE (C) ERROR AMP OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
LT1241 TPC16 LT1241 TPC12 LT1241 TPC17

Low Level Output Saturation

High Level Output Low Level Output Voltage During Undervoltage
Saturation Voltage Saturation Voltage Lockout
4.0 1.0 4.0

3.5 3.5
OUTPUT SATURATION VOLTAGE (V)

OUTPUT SATURATION VOLTAGE (V)

OUTPUT SATURATION VOLTAGE (V)

3.0 3.0
TJ = 55C
TJ = 125C
2.5 2.5
TJ = 55C
TJ = 25C
2.0 0.5 2.0
TJ = 125C
1.5 1.5 TJ = 25C
TJ = 55C
1.0 TJ = 25C 1.0 TJ = 125C

0.5 0.5

0 0 0
0 100 200 0 100 200 0 5 10
OUTPUT SOURCE CURRENT (mA) OUTPUT SINK CURRENT (mA) OUTPUT SINK CURRENT (mA)
LT1241 TPC13 LT1241 TPC14 LT1241 TPC15

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LT1241 Series
U W
TYPICAL PERFOR A CE CHARACTERISTICS
Output Deadtime vs Oscillator Output Deadtime vs Oscillator Timing Resistor vs Oscillator
Frequency LT1242, LT1244 Frequency LT1241, LT1243,LT1245 Frequency
60 75 100
100pF
200pF
50
70
1nF 500pF
5nF 2nF 1nF
40

% OF DEADTIME
% OF DEADTIME

10nF 5nF 2nF 1nF

65 2nF

RT (k)
30 10
500pF 5nF
500pF 60
20 CT =10nF

55
10
VCC = 15V
100pF 100pF TJ = 25C
0 50 1
0 100 1000 0 100 1000 10k 100k 1M
OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY (kHz) OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY (kHz) OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY (Hz)
LT1241 TPC19 LT1241 TPC20 LT1241 TPC21

Output Rise and Fall Time Output Cross-Conduction Current Current Sense Delay
VOLTAGE

VOLTAGE
OUTPUT

OUTPUT
5V/DIV

5V/DIV
OUTPUT VOLTAGE

CONDUCTION CURRENT
OUTPUT CROSS-

SENSE INPUT
20mA/DIV

CURRENT

1V/DIV

TIME 50ns/DIV TIME 50ns/DIV TIME 50ns/DIV

VCC = 15V LT1241 TPC22 VCC = 15V LT1241 TPC23 VCC = 15V LT1241 TPC24

CL = 1nF CL = 15pF CL = 1nF

6

U U UO
PI FU CTI S
COMP (Pin 1): Compensation Pin. This pin is the output of
the Error Amplifier and is made available for loop compen-
sation. It can also be used to adjust the maximum value of
the current sense clamp voltage to less than 1V. This pin
can source a minimum of 0.5mA (0.8mA typ) and sink a
minimum of 2mA (4mA typ)
FB (Pin 2) Voltage Feedback Pin. This pin is the inverting
input of the error amplifier. The output voltage is normally
fed back to this pin through a resistive divider. The non-
inverting input of the error amplifier is internally commit-
ted to a 2.5V reference point.
ISENSE (Pin 3): Current Sense Pin. This is the input to the
current sense comparator. The trip point of the compara-
tor is set by, and is proportional to, the output voltage of
the Error Amplifier.
RT/CT (Pin 4): The oscillator frequency and the deadtime
are set by connecting a resistor (RT) from VREF to RT/CT
and a capacitor (CT) from RT/CT to GND.
LT1241 Series
The rise time of the oscillator waveform is set by the RC
time constant of RT and CT. The fall time, which is equal to
the output deadtime, is set by a combination of the RC time
constant and the oscillator sink current (8.2mA typ).
GND (Pin 5): Ground.
OUTPUT (Pin 6): This pin is the output of a high current
totem pole output stage. It is capable of driving up to 1A
of current into a capacitive load such as the gate of a
MOSFET.
VCC (Pin 7): This pin is the positive supply of the control
IC.
VREF (Pin 8): Reference. This is the reference output of the
IC. The reference output is used to supply charging current
to the external timing resistor RT. The reference provides
biasing to a large portion of the internal circuitry, and is
used to generate several internal reference levels includ-
ing the VFB level and the current sense clamp voltage.

UO U W U
APPLICATI S I FOR ATIO
MINIMUM connected from the RT/CT pin to ground. The charging
START-UP OPERATING MAXIMUM current for CT is determined by the value of RT. The
DEVICE THRESHOLD VOLTAGE DUTY CYCLE REPLACES discharge current for CT is set by the difference between
LT1241 9.6V 7.6V 50% NONE the current supplied by RT and the discharge current of the
LT1242 16V 10V 100% UC1842 LT124X. The discharge current of the device is trimmed to
LT1243 8.4V 7.6V 100% UC1843 8.2mA. For large values of RT discharge time will be
LT1244 16V 10V 50% UC1844 determined by the discharge current of the device and the
LT1245 8.4V 7.6V 50% UC1845 value of CT. As the value of RT is reduced it will have more
effect on the discharge time of CT. During an oscillator
Oscillator cycle capacitor CT is charged to approximately 2.8V and
The LT1241 series devices are fixed frequency current discharged to approximately 1.1V. The output is enabled
mode pulse width modulators. The oscillator frequency during the charge time of CT and disabled, in an off state,
and the oscillator discharge current are both trimmed and during the discharge time of CT. The deadtime of the circuit
tightly specified to minimize the variations in frequency is equal to the discharge time of CT. The maximum duty
and deadtime. The oscillator frequency is set by choosing cycle is limited by controlling the deadtime of the oscilla-
a resistor and capacitor combination, RT and CT. This RC tor. There are many combinations of RT and CT that will
combination will determine both the frequency and the yield a given oscillator frequency, however there is only
maximum duty cycle. The resistor RT is connected from one combination that will yield a specific deadtime at that
VREF (Pin 8) to the RT/CT pin (Pin 4). The capacitor CT is frequency. Curves of oscillator frequency and deadtime

7
LT1241 Series
UO U W U
APPLICATI S I FOR ATIO
for various values of RT and CT appear in the Typical frequency for LT1241, LT1244 and LT1245. The oscillator
Performance Characteristics section. Frequency and of LT1241 series devices will run at frequencies up to
deadtime can also be calculated using the following 1MHz, allowing 500kHz output switching frequencies for
formulas: all devices.
Oscillator Rise Time: t r = 0.583 RC Error Amplifier
3.46 RC The LT1241 series of devices contain a fully compensated
Oscillator Discharge Time: t d =
(0.0164) R 11.73 error amplifier with a DC gain of 90dB and a unity-gain
frequency of 1MHz. Phase margin at unity-gain is 80. The
Oscillator Period: TOSC = tr + td
noninverting input is internally committed to a 2.5V refer-
1
Oscillator Frequency: fOSC = ence point derived from the 5V reference of Pin 8. The
TOSC inverting input (Pin 2) and the output (Pin 1) are made
available to the user. The output voltage in a regulator
Maximum Duty Cycle: circuit is normally fed back to the inverting input of the
LT1241, LT1244, LT1245 error amplifier through a resistive divider.
tr TOSC t d
DMAX = = The output of the error amplifier is made available for
2 TOSC 2 TOSC external loop compensation. The output current of the
tr TOSC t d error amplifier is limited to approximately 0.8mA sourcing
LT1242, LT1243 DMAX = = and approximately 6mA sinking. In a current mode PWM
TOSC TOSC the peak switch current is a function of the output voltage
of the error amplifier. In the LT1241 series devices the
The above formulas will give values that will be accurate output of the error amplifier is offset by two diodes (1.4V
to approximately 5%, at the oscillator, over the full at 25C), divided by a factor of three, and fed to the
operating frequency range. This is due to the fact that the inverting input of the current sense comparator. For error
oscillator trip levels are constant versus frequency and the amplifier output voltages less than 1.4V the duty cycle of
discharge current and initial oscillator frequency are the output stage will be zero. The maximum offset that can
trimmed. Some fine adjustment may be required to achieve appear at the current sense input is limited by a 1V clamp.
more accurate results. Once the final RT/CT combination is This occurs when the error amplifier output reaches 4.4V
selected the oscillator characteristics will be repeatable at 25C.
from device to device. Note that there will be some slight
differences between maximum duty cycle at the oscillator The output of the error amplifier can be clamped below
and maximum duty cycle at the output due to the finite rise 4.4V in order to reduce the maximum voltage allowed
and fall times of the output. across the current sensing resistor to less than 1V. The
supply current will increase by the value of the output
The output switching frequency will be equal to the source current when the output voltage of the error
oscillator frequency for LT1242 and LT1243. The output amplifier is clamped.
switching frequency will be equal to one-half the oscillator

8

UO U W U
APPLICATI S I FOR ATIO
Current Sense Comparator and PWM Latch
LT1241 series devices are current mode controllers.
Under normal operating conditions the output (Pin 6) is
turned on at the start of every oscillator cycle, coincident
with the rising edge of the oscillator waveform. The output
is then turned off when the current reaches a threshold
level proportional to the error voltage at the output of the
error amplifier. Once the output is turned off it is latched
off until the start of the next cycle. The peak current is thus
proportional to the error voltage and is controlled on a
cycle by cycle basis. The peak switch current is normally
sensed by placing a sense resistor in the source lead of the
output MOSFET. This resistor converts the switch current
to a voltage that can be fed into the current sense input. For
normal operating conditions the peak inductor current,
which is equal to the peak switch current, will be equal to:
IPK =
(VPIN1 1.4V)
(3RS)
During fault conditions the maximum threshold voltage at
the input of the current sense comparator is limited by the
internal 1V clamp at the inverting input. The peak switch
current will be equal to:
1.0V
IPK (MAX) =
RS
In certain applications, such as high power regulators, it
may be desirable to limit the maximum threshold voltage
to less than 1V in order to limit the power dissipated in the
sense resistor or to limit the short-circuit current of the
regulator circuit. This can be accomplished by clamping
the output of the error amplifier. A voltage level of
approximately 1.4V at the output of the error amplifier will
give a threshold voltage of 0V. A voltage level of approxi-
mately 4.4V at the output of the error amplifier will give
a threshold level of 1V. Between 1.4V and 4.4V the
threshold voltage will change by a factor of one-third of the
LT1241 Series
change in the error amplifier output voltage. The threshold
voltage will be 0.333V for an error amplifier voltage of
2.4V. To reduce the maximum current sense threshold to
less than 1V the error amplifier output should be clamped
to less than 4.4V.
Blanking
A unique feature of the LT1241 series devices is the built-
in blanking circuit at the output of the current sense
comparator. A common problem with current mode
PWM circuits is erratic operation due to noise at the
current sense input. The primary cause of noise problems
is the leading edge current spike due to transformer
interwinding capacitance and diode reverse recovery
time. This current spike can prematurely trip the current
sense comparator causing an instability in the regulator
circuit. A filter at the current sense input is normally
required to eliminate this instability.
This filter will in turn slow down the current sense loop.
A slow current sense loop will increase the minimum pulse
width which will increase the short-circuit current in an
overload condition. The LT1241 series devices blank (lock
out) the signal at the output of the current sense compara-
tor for a fixed amount of time after the switch is turned on.
This effectively prevents the PWM latch from tripping due
to the leading edge current spike.
The blanking time will be a function of the voltage at the
feedback pin (Pin 2). The blanking time will be 100ns for
normal operating conditions (VFB = 2.5V). The blanking
time goes to zero as the feedback pin is pulled to 0V. This
means that the blanking time will be minimized during
start-up and also during an output short-circuit fault. This
blanking circuit eliminates the need for an input filter at the
current sense input except in extreme cases. Eliminating
the filter allows the current sense loop to operate with
minimum delays, reducing peak currents during fault
conditions.
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LT1241 Series
UO U W U
APPLICATI S I FOR ATIO
Undervoltage Lockout
The LT1241 series devices incorporate an undervoltage
lockout comparator which prevents the internal reference
circuitry and the output from starting up until the supply
voltage reaches the start-up threshold voltage. The quies-
cent current, below the start-up threshold, has been
reduced to less than 250A (170A typ.) to minimize the
power loss due to the bleed resistor used for start-up in
off-line converters. In undervoltage lockout both VREF
(Pin 8) and the output (Pin 6) are actively pulled low by
Darlington connected PNP transistors. They are designed
to sink a few milliamps of current and will pull down to
about 1V. The pull-down transistor at the reference pin can
be used to reset the external soft start capacitor. The pull-
down transistor at the output eliminates the external pull-
down resistor required, with earlier devices, to hold the
external MOSFET gate low during undervoltage lockout.
Output
The LT1241 series devices incorporate a single high
current totem pole output stage. This output stage is
capable of driving up to 1A of output current. Cross-
conduction current spikes in the output totem pole have
been eliminated. This device is primarily intended for
driving MOSFET switches. Rise time is typically 40ns and
fall time is typically 30ns when driving a 1.0nF load. A
clamp is built into the device to prevent the output from
rising above 18V in order to protect the gate of the
MOSFET switch.
The output is actively pulled low during undervoltage
lockout by a Darlington PNP. This PNP is designed to sink
several milliamps and will pull the output down to approxi-
mately 1V. This active pull-down eliminates the need for an
external resistor which was required in older designs. The
output pin of the device connects directly to the emitter of
the upper NPN drive transistor and the collector of the
lower NPN drive transistor in the totem pole. The collector
of the lower transistor, which is n-type silicon, forms a
p-n junction with the substrate of the device. This junction
is reverse biased during normal operation.
In some applications the parasitic LC of the external
MOSFET gate can ring and pull the OUTPUT pin below
10
ground. If the OUTPUT pin is pulled negative by more than
a diode drop the parasitic diode formed by the collector of
the output NPN and the substrate will turn on. This can
cause erratic operation of the device. In these cases a
Schottky clamp diode is recommended from the output to
ground.
Reference
The internal reference of the LT1241 series devices is a 5V
bandgap reference, trimmed to within 1% initial toler-
ance. The reference is used to power the majority of
internal logic and the oscillator circuitry. The oscillator
charging current is supplied from the reference. The
feedback pin voltage and the clamp level for the current
sense comparator are derived from the reference voltage.
The reference can supply up to 20mA of current to power
external circuitry. Note that using the reference in this
manner, as a voltage regulator, will significantly increase
power dissipation in the device which will reduce the
useful operating ambient temperature range.
Design/Layout Considerations
LT1241 series devices are high speed circuits capable of
generating pulsed output drive currents of up to 1A peak.
The rise and fall time for the output drive current is in the
range of 10ns to 20ns. High speed circuit techniques must
be used to insure proper operation of the device. Do not
attempt to use Proto-boards or wire-wrap techniques to
breadboard high speed switching regulator circuits.
They will not work properly.
Printed circuit layouts should include separate ground
paths for the voltage feedback network, oscillator capaci-
tor, and switch drive current. These ground paths should
be connected together directly at the ground pin (Pin 5) of
the LT124X. This will minimize noise problems due to
pulsed ground pin currents. VCC should be bypassed, with
a minimum of 0.1F, as close to the device as possible.
High current paths should be kept short and they should
be separated from the feedback voltage network with
shield traces if possible.
 LT1241 Series
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TYPICAL APPLICATI S

External Clock Synchronization Soft Start

VREF VREF
8 5V REF 8 5V REF
RT R COMP
RT/CT 1 5.6V 1V
4 OSCILLATOR C FB 1mA
EXTERNAL
SYNC CT 2
0.01F 2R
INPUT
+ + R
47 D1
+ +
2.5V
1.5V
D1 IS REQUIRED IF THE SYNC AMPLITUDE IS LARGE ISENSE

ENOUGH TO PULL THE BOTTOM OF CT MORE THAN 3
300mV BELOW GROUND. LT1241 TA01

LT1241 TA02

Adjustable Clamp Level with Soft Start

REFERENCE ENABLE
5V REF UV
VREF MAIN BIAS LOCKOUT VIN
REFERENCE PULL-DOWN VCC
8
OUTPUT 7
RT/CT PULL-DOWN
4 OSCILLATOR
T OUTPUT
COMP S 6
R2 100k
1 5.6V 1V R
FB 1mA 18V GND
2 5
2R
BLANKING
C R1
+ R +
+ 1.5V
2.5V
RS
ISENSE
3

1.67 VCLAMP VC R1 R2
VCLAMP IPK (MAX) WHERE: 0V VCLAMP 1.0V tSOFT START = ln 1 C
( R2
R1
(
+1
RS 3 VCLAMP R1 + R2
LT1241 TA03

11
LT1241 Series
UO
TYPICAL APPLICATI S
300kHz Off-Line Power Supply

HOT
1 3
D5
C2 C3 C4
90VAC R5 0.1F T1 0.1F 4700pF +
TO 1M 250V 250V 250V
BALEN
240VAC 1/2W MP3-X2 MP3-X2 Y-CAP
NEU 2 4 2KBPO8M
1212-R6103 C5 C6
COILTRONICS 4700pF 4700pF
250V 250V
Y-CAP Y-CAP
AC GND

RT1 L1
D3
MCID404 5 1/2 TURN
MUR420
2KBPOO5M AIRCORE
20V
T2 1.5A
8 4 C15 C16 R15
30T 12T 3.3F 3.3F 750
+ C14 R1 R2
C1
R5
50V 50V 1W
100F 200k 660k 27k 2 5
470pF
400V 1/2W 1/10W 2W RTN
7 C13
30T CTX210433-1 4700pF
D6 R3 R4 1 1kV
1N5245B 200k 660k
D1 Y-CAP
15V 1/2W 1/10W
MUR160 3
13T
6
LT1241 TA06
LP = 100H
R7
D7 510
BAV21 1/10W

C7 R14 D2
R8 C8 BAV21
0.22F 100pF 39
152k MKS-2

C12
7 22F
2 VCC 25V
FB
C9
0.01F, 100V LT1241
R9 MKS-2 R11
200k 6 12 Q1
1 OUTPUT
COMP MPT2N60
8 V 3 D4
REF ISENSE
BAT 85
4
C10 RT/CT R12
R10 R13 GND
20k 12k 0.1F 1k
MKS-2 5 1/10W

R18 R16 R17

2 2 2
C11 1/4W 1/4W 1/4W
220pF

NOTES: UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED

1. ALL RESISTANCES ARE IN OHMS, 1/4W, 5%.
2. ALL CAPACITANCES ARE IN MICROFARADS, 50V, 10%.

12
 LT1241 Series
UO
TYPICAL APPLICATI S
Slope Compensation at ISENSE Pin

REFERENCE ENABLE
5V REF UV
VREF MAIN BIAS LOCKOUT VIN
REFERENCE PULL-DOWN VCC
8
OUTPUT 7
RT RT/CT PULL-DOWN
4 OSCILLATOR
T OUTPUT
CT COMP S 6
1 5.6V 1V R
FB 1mA 18V GND
2 5
2R
BLANKING
+ R +
+ 1.5V
2.5V
RS
ISENSE
3

LT1241 TA04

U
PACKAGE DESCRIPTIO Dimensions in inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted.

J8 Package
8-Lead CERDIP (Narrow 0.300, Hermetic)
(LTC DWG # 05-08-1110)

CORNER LEADS OPTION 0.405

(4 PLCS) (10.287)
0.005 MAX
(0.127)
MIN
8 7 6 5
0.023 0.045
(0.584 1.143)
HALF LEAD
OPTION 0.025 0.220 0.310
0.045 0.068 (0.635) (5.588 7.874)
(1.143 1.727) RAD TYP
FULL LEAD
OPTION
1 2 3 4 0.200
0.300 BSC
(5.080)
(0.762 BSC) MAX

0.015 0.060
(0.381 1.524)

0.008 0.018
0 15
(0.203 0.457)

0.385 0.025 0.045 0.068

0.125
(9.779 0.635) (1.143 1.727)
3.175
0.014 0.026 0.100 0.010 MIN
(0.360 0.660) (2.540 0.254)

NOTE: LEAD DIMENSIONS APPLY TO SOLDER DIP/PLATE OR TIN PLATE LEADS. J8 0694

13
LT1241 Series
U
PACKAGE DESCRIPTIO Dimensions in inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted.

N8 Package
8-Lead PDIP (Narrow 0.300)
(LTC DWG # 05-08-1510)

0.400*
(10.160)
MAX

8 7 6 5

0.255 0.015*
(6.477 0.381)

1 2 3 4

0.300 0.325 0.045 0.065 0.130 0.005

(7.620 8.255) (1.143 1.651) (3.302 0.127)

0.065
(1.651)
0.009 0.015 TYP
(0.229 0.381) 0.125
0.005
(3.175) 0.015
(0.127)
+0.025 MIN (0.380)
0.325 0.015 MIN

( )
MIN
+0.635
8.255
0.381 0.100 0.010 0.018 0.003
(2.540 0.254) (0.457 0.076) N8 0695

*THESE DIMENSIONS DO NOT INCLUDE MOLD FLASH OR PROTRUSIONS.

MOLD FLASH OR PROTRUSIONS SHALL NOT EXCEED 0.010 INCH (0.254mm)

14
 LT1241 Series
U
PACKAGE DESCRIPTIO Dimensions in inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted.

S8 Package
8-Lead Plastic Small Outline (Narrow 0.150)
(LTC DWG # 05-08-1610)

0.189 0.197*
(4.801 5.004)
8 7 6 5

0.228 0.244 0.150 0.157**

(5.791 6.197) (3.810 3.988)

1 2 3 4

0.010 0.020
45 0.053 0.069
(0.254 0.508)
(1.346 1.752)
0.004 0.010
0.008 0.010
0 8 TYP (0.101 0.254)
(0.203 0.254)

0.016 0.050
0.014 0.019 0.050
0.406 1.270
(0.355 0.483) (1.270)
*DIMENSION DOES NOT INCLUDE MOLD FLASH. MOLD FLASH BSC SO8 0695
SHALL NOT EXCEED 0.006" (0.152mm) PER SIDE
**DIMENSION DOES NOT INCLUDE INTERLEAD FLASH. INTERLEAD
FLASH SHALL NOT EXCEED 0.010" (0.254mm) PER SIDE

Information furnished by Linear Technology Corporation is believed to be accurate and reliable.

However, no responsibility is assumed for its use. Linear Technology Corporation makes no represen-
tation that the interconnection of its circuits as described herein will not infringe on existing patent rights. 15
LT1241 Series
U
TYPICAL APPLICATION
Slope Compensation at Error Amp

UV
REFERENCE ENABLE LOCKOUT
5V REF
VREF MAIN BIAS
REFERENCE PULL-DOWN VCC
8
OUTPUT 7
RT RT/CT PULL-DOWN
4 OSCILLATOR
TO T OUTPUT
VOUT CT
COMP S 6
1 5.6V 1V R
RSLOPE 1mA
Rf 18V GND
2 5
2R
FB BLANKING
+ R +
+ 1.5V
2.5V

ISENSE
3

LT1241 TA05

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PART NUMBER DESCRIPTION COMMENTS
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1241fa LT/TP 0297 5K REV A PRINTED IN USA

Linear Technology Corporation
16 1630 McCarthy Blvd., Milpitas, CA 95035-7417 (408) 432-1900
FAX: (408) 434-0507 TELEX: 499-3977 www.linear-tech.com LINEAR TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION 1992