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PART 1
1. Fill in the blanks with one appropriate term from the list below:
2. For each of the following terms, identify the correct definition and enter the
appropriate letter in the blank in front of the definition.
a. crude birthrate
b. crude death rate
c. rate of reproductive change
d. demographic transition
e. urbanization
f. metropolitan area
g. megalopolis
___ 1. the difference between the crude birthrate and the crude dearth rate for a given
population.
___ 2. a process in which an increasing proportion of a total population becomes
concentrated in urban settlements.
___ 3. a set of major changes in birth and death rates that has occurred most completely
in urban industrial nations in the past 200 years.
___ 4. a complex of cities distributed along a major axis of traffic and communication,
with a total population exceeding 25 million.
___ 5. the number of births occurring during a year in a given population, divided by the
midyear population.
___ 6. a central city surrounded by a number of smaller cities and suburbs that are closely
related to it both socially and economically.
___ 7. the number of deaths occurring during a year in a given population, divided by the
midyear population.
3. Encircle the correct answer to each question, from the answers provided below.
1. According to the United Nations projections, by 2025 the Earths population may be:
a. about the same as the current figure
b. almost 9 billion
c. about 2 trillion
d. drastically reduced
2. The number of births occurring during a year in a given population divided by the
midyear population is the:
a. crude birthrate
b. rate of reproductive change
c. demographic transition
d. basic demographic equation
7. The model of urban growth developed by Robert Park and Ernest Burgess was the:
a. concentric-zone model
b. satellite model
c. strip development model
d. none of the above
8. In which of the following does the town center eventually disappear?
a. the concentric-zone model
b. the strip development model
c. satellite cities
d. the megalopolitan approach
4. TRUE or FALSE:
T/F 1. The demographic transition is the difference between the crude birthrate and the
crude death rate for a given population.
T/F 2. Large-scale urbanization is a relatively recent development in human history.
T/F 3. One effect of the growth of megalopolitan areas is decentralization, in which
outlying areas become more important relative to the central city.
PART 2
THE FAMILY
1. Fill in the blanks with one appropriate term from the list below:
In all known societies almost everyone is socialized within a network of family rights and
obligations that are known as _____________________. In simple societies the family
performs a large number of other functions as well, but in modern societies most of the
functions that were traditionally performed by the family are performed partly or entirely
but other _____________________.
A _____________________ is a group of people related by blood, marriage or adoption
and the role relations among family members are known as _____________________
relations. The smallest unit of family structure is the _____________________,
consisting of two or more people related by consanguineous ties or by adoption who
share a household. The nuclear family into which one is born and socialized is the
_____________________, and the nuclear family one forms through marriage or
cohabitation is the _____________________. An _____________________ includes an
individuals nuclear family plus all the nuclear families of his or her blood relatives.
Since the 1940s there has been a dramatic increase in _____________________ single-
parent families and in _________________ households, as well as in the numbers of
women and men living alone and in the number of _____________________,
_____________________ couples. The economy exerts extremely strong influences on
the family and can produce drastic changes in the number of families that experience
_____________________ and _____________________. These changes are often
complicated by divorce, remarriage and the combining of children of different marriages
in _____________________.
The typical stages of the family life cycle are family _____________________, start of
_____________________, end of _____________________, _____________________
and family _____________________ (i.e. the death of one spouse). As it passes through
this cycle, every family experiences changes in its system of _____________________.
The _____________________ context within which family life occurs can affect family
interactions in a variety of ways. Problems may arise in connection with the demands
placed on the family by _____________________ of the larger society, or as a result of
its position in the societys _____________________. A basic contradiction that is
inherent in the institution of the family is the need to maintain the
_____________________ of each member while providing love and support for him or
her within a set of _____________________ relationships. From a
_____________________ perspective, changes in the family as an institution cannot
occur without _____________________ both within the family and between the family
and other institutions. Such conflict is illustrated by public debates over family policies
and _____________________.
_____________________ theorists have called attention to the loss of family functions
that occurs as other social institutions assume functions that were previously reserved for
the family. At the same time, they note that modern families play a vital part in early-
childhood _____________________, in the _____________________ lives of their
members, and in preparing older children for _____________________.
In all cultures, the process of mate selection is carried out according to basic rules of
_____________________ and _____________________. In many societies the
customary pattern of mate selection is the _____________________ marriage, in which
the families of the bride and groom negotiate the marriage contract. All cultures also have
norms that specify whether a person brought up in that culture may marry within or
outside the cultural group. Marriage within the group is termed
_____________________; marriage outside the group is termed
_____________________. In societies in which marriages are based on attraction and
love, individuals tend to marry people similar to themselves in social background, a
tendency that is termed _____________________. This tendency generally helps
maintain the separateness of _____________________ and _____________________
group.
It appears that people who fall in love tend to be alike in _____________________
characteristics but different in their _____________________ needs; however, this is not
always the case. There is also considerable evidence that love relationships are more
lasting when the partners affection for each other is _____________________. In the
United States and other Western societies, the rate of _____________________ has risen
sharply since World War II. In the 1980s it was widely believed that the practice of
_____________________ would result in greater marital stability, but in fact the divorce
rate among couples who lived together before marriage is _____________________ than
the rate for couples who have not done so.
_____________________ has been found to be one of the leading factors in divorce.
Marriages that take place when the woman is in her _____________________ or in her
_____________________ are much more likely to end in divorce than marriages that
take place when the woman is in her _____________________. Among other factors that
have been found to be correlated with divorce are marked differences in the
_____________________ of the spouses, dependence on either spouses extended family,
and early _____________________. Studies of the impact of divorce have found that the
turmoil and stress of divorce may continue for _____________________ or more. Both
men and women have a diminished capacity for _____________________ after divorce
ad may come to depend on their _____________________ to help them cope with the
demands of their own lives.
2. For each of the following terms, identify the correct definition and enter the
appropriate letter in the blank in front of the definition.
a. double standard
b. family
c. kinship
d. nuclear family
e. family of orientation
f. family of procreation
g. extended family
h. endogamy
i. exogamy
j. homogamy
___ 1. a norm specifying that a person brought up in a particular culture may marry
within the cultural group.
___ 2. the role relations among people who consider themselves to be related by blood,
marriage or adoption.
___ 3. the nuclear family that a person forms through marriage or cohabitation.
___ 4. the tendency to marry a person who is similar to oneself in social background.
___ 5. an individuals nuclear family plus the nuclear families of his or her blood
relatives.
___ 6. a group of people related by blood, marriage or adoption.
___ 7. two or more people related by blood, marriage or adoption.
___ 8. the nuclear family in which a person is born and raised.
___ 9. a norm specifying that a person brought up in a particular culture may marry
outside the cultural group.
___ 10. the belief that women must adhere to a different and more restrictive moral code
than that applied to men.
3. Encircle the correct answer to each question, from the answers provided below.
7. In all cultures the process of mate selection is carried out according to rules of:
a. The functionalist perspective views changes in family roles as resulting from
changes in other institutions.
b. The conflict perspective asks how conditions of inequality and class conflict
affect families.
c. The interactionist perspective focuses on sources of tension within the family.
d. all of the above
10. According to the theory of complementary needs, people who fall in love tend to
differ in their:
a. education
b. income
c. psychological needs
d. family background
12. Which of the following had not been found to be correlated with marital instability
and divorce?
a. The couple met on the rebound.
b. The couple married after an engagement of less than three years.
c. The family backgrounds of the spouses were markedly different.
d. The wife became pregnant within the first year of marriage.
4. TRUE or FALSE:
T/F 1. A major function of the family is the social placement of children in the
institutions of the larger society.
T/F 2. The nuclear family one forms through marriage or cohabitation is ones family of
orientation.
T/F 3. Sociologists have found that adolescents want the continuing guidance and
involvement of adults.
T/F 4. Marriages have a higher probability of lasting when there is equality of roles
within the household.