P-LifeTM Oxo-Biodegradable Plastic Technology

"The First and Only ASTM D6954 Certified

Oxo-biodegradable Plastic Additive in the World"

Approved No. SC0646-10

P-Life Japan Inc. www.p-lifeasia.com
P-Life Oxo-Biodegradable Plastic Technology

A patented technology based on US Patent No.6482872

Process for Manufacturing a Biodegradable Polymeric Composition

P-Life Additive

A specially formulated proprietary mixture of catalysts fatty acids derived from palm tree oils

with following features.

Dosage Level: 0.3~1% against let down Polyolefin Polymers (PE, PP).

Blending: Blended directly with resin pellets in a converting stage.

Ingredients: Registered in FDA, Complies with Rohs Directive.

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P-Life Additive (Line-up)

Product Name Appearance Colour Melting Point Packaging Unit

SMC2360 Powder Light Beige 80-95C 20kg/bag

SMC2522 Liquid Light Brown - 50kg/drum

P-Life Additive (Composition)

P-Life SMC2360 % FDA

Metal Salt of Fatty Acid A 50-70 21CFR 175.300

Metal Salt of Fatty Acid B 10-20 21CFR 178.2010

Lubricant 10-20 21CFR 175.105

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Properties of P-Life Plastic Products

FDA Migration Test

Testing Items Results Pass Remarks

(%) Criteria

Extractable fraction in N-hexane 2.2% 6.4% Pass

Extractable fraction in Xylene 5.2% 9.8% Pass

Test Sample: P-Life dosed PE Film

Test Standard: FDA 21CFR 177.1520

(Substances used as single or repeated use of food contact surfaces)

Testing Body: Hong Kong Productivity Council

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Properties of P-Life Plastic Products

Properties of P-Life Dosed PE Film

Properties P-Life HDPE HDPE 100%

Tensile Strength at Break 763 741

(kg/cm2) MD

Elongation at Break (%) MD 85 92

Dart Impact (g) 200 170

Tear Strength (g) MD 64 51

Thickness of films: 0.015mm, Blowing Temperature: 190C

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 Two Types of Biodegradable Polymers and Degradation Paths

A. Hydro-Biodegradable Polymer B. Oxo-Biodegradable Polymers

Bio-polyesters, PLA, Polyolefin Polymers (PE, PP)

Thermo Plastic Starch etc with Oxo-Biodegradable Additive

Hydrolysis degradation (Water) Oxidative degradation (Thermo, UV)

Biodegradation

CO2, H2O, Biomass

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 Oxo-Biodegradation of Polyolefin Polymers by P-Life Technology (Mechanism)

A specially formulated proprietary mixture of P-Life dosed into Polyolefin Polymers

The oxidant under the catalytic action of P-Life leads chain scission of polymers and the

production of low-molecular mass oxidation products such as carboxylic acids etc. (Step1)

The living organisms bio-assimilate (eat) the low molecular oxidation products. (Step2)

CO2, H2O, Biomass

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 Oxo-Biodegradation of Polyolefin Polymers by P-Life Technology (Image 1)

1. Blend with Polymers by extrusion

HHHHHH HHHHHH P-Life

-C-C-C-C-C-C- -C-C-C-C-C-C-

HHHHHH P-Life HHHHHH

2. Oxidative Degradation

Sun-light (energy) P-Life P-Life

O2 -C-C-C-C-C-C- O2 -C-C-C=O C-C-C-C=O

P-Life Thermo (energy) P-Life

(Carboxylic Acids, Ketons, Alcohol)

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 Oxo-Biodegradation of Polyolefin Polymers by P-Life Technology (Image 2)

2. Oxidative Degradation

Sun-light (energy) P-Life P-Life

O2 -C-C-C-C-C-C- O2 -C-C-C=O -C-C-C-C=O

P-Life Thermo (energy) P-Life

(Carboxylic Acids, Ketons, Alcohol)

3. Biological Degradation

Micro-organisms P-Life

-C-C-C=O -C-C-C-C=O CO2 + H2O + Biomass

P-Life Micro-organisms

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Oxo-Biodegradation of Polyolefin Polymers by P-Life (Technical Explanation)

Polyolefins contain small amounts of alkyl radicals react very fast with oxygen:

R + O2 ROO This peroxyradical attacks a polymer chain as follows:

ROO + RH ROOH + R This new alkyl radical reacts with oxygen.

The hydroperoxide is quite stable but under the catalytic action of P-Life,

It is decomposed as follows:

M n+ + ROOH M (n+1) + RO + HO-

M (n+1) + ROOH M n+ + ROO + H+

The new radicals formed can also attack polymer chains as follows:

RO + RH ROH + R

ROO + RH ROOH + R

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Field Test (Testing site at Malaysia)

Test Sample: P-Life Dosed PE Bag (0.05mm)

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How to evaluate Oxo-Biodegradable Plastics?
There are standards, such as ISO 14855, EN13432, JIS K6953, which are designed to evaluate the
biodegradability of Hydro-Biodegradable plastics and not for Oxo-Biodegradable Plastics.

In the meantime, there is one guideline standard for evaluating Oxo-Biodegradable Plastics totally,
which is;

ASTM D6954
"Exposing and Testing Plastics that degrade in the Environment by a Combination of Oxidation and
Biodegradation"

Tier 1: An abiotic degradation test shall simulate or accelerate the degradation processes likely to
occur in a chosen application and disposal environment.

Tier 2: The abiotically degraded material is then examined for the ultimate biodegradability under
optimal conditions in a simulated disposal environment such as in soil or in compost.

Tier 3: The residual solids from Tire 2 are subjected to the determination of toxicological effects in
accordance with one of several possible test methods such as germination and growth tests with
plants according to OECD guideline 208, and EN 13432.

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 The Final Test Report from SP

October 20th, 2010

Dear Customers and Partners,

We would like to proudly announce that we finally received the official test report regarding the conformity
of ASTM D6954 Standard from SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden (SP ).

In the test report, SP concluded that the test material (LDPE film containing P-Life pro-degradant) fulfills all
the requirements stated in SPCR 141 appendix 4, which is in accordance with ASTM D6954.

We believe that obtaining the official test report should accelerate the promotion of P-Life
Oxo-biodegradable Plastic Technology faster than ever in worldwide where you are making tremendous
efforts for marketing of P-Life.

As a principal of P-Life Oxo-biodegradable Plastic Technology, we would appreciate your cooperation to

this date and look forward to your continued support for years to come.

Sincerely Yours,

ISAO TOYAMA , President SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden

P-Life Japan Inc. http://www.sp.se/en/

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 The Final Test Report from SP (Summary)

Oxo-Biodegradability of LDPE film containing P-Life Additive

Report No. P804363F

Date of Issue: 2010/10/07
Testing Body: SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden
Period of Testing: May 2008~July 2010
Test Material: 15m thick blown film consisted of 99.7% LDPE and 0.3% P-Life
Test Method: ASTM D6954 (SP Method SPCR 141 Appendix 4)
Exposing and Testing Plastics that Degrade in the Environment by a Combination of Oxidation and
Biodegradation

CONCLUSION:
The test material (LDPE film containing P-Life) fulfills all the requirements stated in SPCR 141
appendix 4, which is in accordance with ASTM D6954.

Elements are below the high limit values according to EN 13432

Tier1 loss of mechanical strength occurs after 10 days at 65C and Mw is below 10,000.
Tier2 biodegradability is > 60% after 607 days in soil and still increasing.
Tier3 germination and biomass is 90% for all plants compared to controls.

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 Summary of P-Life Oxo-Biodegradable Plastic Technology

FDA Migration Test according to FDA 21CFR

P-Life Oxo-Biodegradable 177.1520: PASSED
Plastic Products Food Sanitation Law in Japan, No.20 in 1982,
No.370 in 1959: PASSED

Sun Light, Heat and Oxygen

The Natural Environment

Step1 CONFIRMED through the various accelerated

Oxidative Degradation abiotic testing based on ASTM Standards.

Production of low molecular CONFIRMED through the GPC Analysis for

mass oxidation products Molecular Weight.

Micro-Organisms
in Soil Environment

Step2 CERTIFIED by SP Technical Research

Biological Degradation Institute of Sweden under SPCR141,
Bio-assimilation of low molecular Apendix4 which is in accordance with
mass oxidation products ASTM D6954

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General Comparison of Biodegradable Plastics(1)
Dosage Composition FDA Biodegradability Disadvantage IP Cost
of chemistry
1.P-Life 0.3-1.0% Fatty Acid Approved ASTM D6954 Beige coloring US Competitive
(Programmable Base 21CFR Certified by SP on the finished Pat.6482872
Life Inc. USA) chemicals 175.300 products
21CFR
178.2010
21CFR
177.1520
2. PLA 100% Lactic Acid Partly ISO 14855 Susceptible to - Expensive
(Nature Works, Approved Confirmed. alkyl, moisture
USA) (Restricted and high
against Hot temperature,
Food) Hard Texture
3. MaterBi 100% Starch Partly ISO14855 Susceptible to Over 50 Expensive
(Novamont, PVA Approved OK Compost moisture and patents and
Italy) (Restricted Confirmed. higher patent
against temperature, applications
Oily Food , Not Clear
etc) (off-white color)

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General Comparison of Biodegradable Plastics(2)
Dosage Composition FDA Biodegradability Disadvantage IP Cost
of chemistry
1.P-Life 0.3-1.0% Fatty Acid Approved ASTM D6954 Beige coloring US Competitive
(Programmable Base 21CFR Certified by SP on the Pat.6482872
Life Inc. USA) chemicals 175.300 finished
21CFR products
178.2010
21CFR
177.1520
4. TDPA 1~2% Inorganic & 21CFR Not confirmed. Product Life is US Competitive
(EPI, Canada) Organic 177.1520 uncontrollable. Pat.5854304
Chemicals
such as
Cobalt
Stearate and
CaCO3 etc
5. D2W 1% No No Not confirmed. Product Life is No IP Competitive
(Symphony, UK) Information Information uncontrollable. related
Available Available Information
is available.

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P-Life Product Range and Applications
Retail
Shopping Bags
Document Bags
Courier Bags
Garbage Bags
Food Waste Collection Bag
Food & Beverage
Lunch Box
Drink Cups & Lids
Food Trays
Roll Bags
Cutleries / Straws
Packaging
Loose Fills
Foamed Sheets
PP Yarn Ropes
Others
Construction Nets
Seedling Bags
Agricultural Films
Ball Bullets

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Business References for P-Life

Retail: The Mall Group, Shoe Mart Supermarkets, 7eleven

Hotel: Excelsior Hotel, Mandarin Oriental Group

Bank: HSBC, Standard Chartered Bank, Banco de Brasil

Catering: Maxims, Fairwood, Arome Bakery, Caf de Coral

Government: Hospital Authority, The City of Ketchum

Education: HK Professional Teachers Union

Property: Jones Lang LaSalle, Discovery Bay

Others: NIKE GOLF, TOYSRUS, IKEA, CROSMAN, Jollibee

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Company Information

Company Name: P-Life Japan Inc.

Address: 1-30-16-205, Todoroki, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan 1580082
President: ISAO TOYAMA

P-Life Japan Inc. was founded in 1994, under the name of Pacific Enterprise Japan Ltd., as a specialist in handling various
kinds of material including the products from Programmable Life, Inc., USA.

In November 2003, P-Life Japan Inc. was officially appointed as a regional representative of Programmable Life, Inc. in the
territories of Asia and Pacific. At the same time, ISAO TOYAMA became an official partner of Programmable Life, Inc.

This appointment granted P-Life Japan Inc. the right of marketing and manufacturing the products relating to P-Life
Oxo-Biodegradable Plastic Technology, which had been awarded the US patent 6,482,872 "Process for Manufacturing a
Biodegradable Polymeric Composition" in November 2002, on exclusive basis in the territories of Asia and Pacific.

In January 2008, the company name was changed to P-Life Japan Inc. We are now extending the marketing
activities all over the world.

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