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wider choice and saves time. The general category of e-commerce can be broken
money transfer systems, e-data interchange and the Internet. Online businesses like
financial services, travel, entertainment, and groceries are all likely to grow. Forces
influencing the distribution of global e-commerce and its forms include economic
It has an impact over the economy of many countries among which India is on the
top of that list. It has named as new gold rush in e-commerce. E-commerce has
many reasons that why it is very crucial in developing the country . For the study
we have taken several parts of the world such as North America , Latin America ,
Europe , Middle-East , Africa and South Asia ,and Australia. E-commerce has an
intent to bring some transformation in the society and thats the reason its essential
This study being desk analysis" contains views of various writers and researchers
of E-commerce. This study includes the global trends including India as a major
covered under the project analysis. The use of e-commerce in various countries and
a transaction directly with a foreign seller without traveling to the sellers country.
While this could be done in the past by post, telegram, phone, or fax, such sales
were relatively rare because the consumer had to know in advance where to make
contact and what to buy. The Interne t al lows sellers to put their storefronts,
in the form of Web pages, in front of consumers all over the world. Technology
will change the way we think about trade. The implications of this for economic
creates opportunities for both consumers and small enterprises that must not be
squandered. But for all the potential of global e-commerce, there are countless
vexing policy questions to be worked out, any one of which can threaten the
viability of this nascent form of trade. All of the Internet issues being debated in
conducting electronic commerce across national border s adds many more policy
intellectual property licensing, and morethat are only now being examined.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Acknowledgement
Preface
Objectives
Executive summary
Research methodology
II.Conceptual Framework
E-commerce in India
o Internet Adoption.
o Buying and selling online.
o Payment phase
o Delivery phase.
References
INTRODUCTION
E-commerce (electronic commerce or EC) is the buying and selling of goods and
services on the Internet, especially the World Wide Web. In practice, this term and
a newer term, e-business, are often used interchangably. For online retail selling,
also consists of the exchange of data to facilitate the financing and payment aspects
of business transactions.
data
E-mail and fax and their use as media for reaching prospects and established
know how to utilize this tool for the growth and development of business.
So, whether you have an existing business or launching a brand new business,
whether the volume of your business is large or small, you can always generate
amount of viewer exposure. In concise, buying and selling will result in profits and
returns.
There are so many factors which makes e-commerce to come to the fore front in
prominent factor. Like for instance, net banking makes it easy to carry out money
and baking transactions in a break neck speed as compared to the real banking
scenario. This asserts the fact that Ecommerce is beneficial to both business and
consumer wise as payment and documentations can be completed with greater
efficiency and reliability. Another important factor determining the flow of whole
business. Ecommerce provides better connectivity for all the potential candidates
all over the globe, thus helping in enhancing the business without any geographical
barriers. From the view point of the customer, Ecommerce is a good platform for
hassle free shopping by sitting in your home. The customer can browse through all
the products and services available and can review and compare the prices of the
investors. More and more resources are being directed into electronic securities,
internet facilities, business plans and new technologies due to the boom in the
more, can be converted into data and sent as email attachments or presented on a
web site. There are no postage, printing and packaging costs with eCommerce
communications. So, use this new communications method to work quicker, and in
new ways, with customers and suppliers outside of your locality or country.
When you send a message, you only pay for the Internet access. As soon as
the message arrives at your ISP, it is sent for zero cost to all the people to whom it
has been addressed. Moreover, the message is likely to arrive at its destination, in a
matter of seconds or minutes, depending on the size of the email and its
attachments. Think of the possibilities for saving time and money with email.
colour proof, etc. can be emailed to you as an attachment for your approval. Using
email in this way can dramatically speed-up the turn-around of work between you
practices to manage, share, and enhance the project work, regardless of location
(spreadsheets, project plans, etc) on to a web site and enable it to be viewed and
edited in real-time through the Internet. Holding virtual meetings can save
relationship have been established where work is exchanged between time zones at
the end of one day, which, on the other side of the world, is the beginning of either
problems. There, and many other similar applications, are effortless, cheap, and
working off-site can access and update internal information, such as customer
records, price lists, time sheets, schedules, and job reports. Providing remote
Internet access for staff makes it possible for the latest information to be at hand,
claims etc.
Train on the Web
The multi-media capabilities of web sites make them ideal for creating a
virtual learning environment for employees and customers. When training material
enable trainees living all over the world to access courseware when it is convenient
to them, and without having to travel to a training centre, which in turn, saves time
and expenses.
made. The cost savings can be huge if email is used instead, and the message can
Concerning Technology
grown into a multi-billion dollar industry. The meaning of the term "electronic
commerce" has changed over the last 30 years. Originally, "electronic commerce"
technology like Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) and Electronic Funds Transfer
(EFT), where both were introduced in the late 1970s, for example, to send
1970s and 1980s, this would also have involved information analysis. The growth
and acceptance of credit cards, automated teller machines (ATM) and telephone
banking in the 1980s were also forms of e-commerce. However, from the 1990s
onwards, this would include enterprise resource planning systems (ERP), data
"Web commerce" - the purchase of goods and services over the World Wide Web,
usually with secure connections (HTTPS, a special server protocol that encrypts
confidential ordering data for customer protection) with e-shopping carts and with
accounting software.
Concerning Decisions/Foot steps
When the Web first became well-known among the general public in
1994, many journalists and pundits forecast that e-commerce would soon become a
major economic sector. However, it took about four years for security protocols
during the dot-com collapse in 2000 and 2001, many "brick-and-mortar" retailers
recognized that such companies had identified valuable niche markets and began to
add e-commerce capabilities to their Web sites. For example, after the collapse of
proprietors are able to use the internet to sell goods. Often, small sellers use online
auction sites such as EBay, or sell via large corporate websites like Amazon.com,
in order to take advantage of the exposure and setup convenience of such sites.
Concerning Transformation of IT
EDI Some authors will track back the history of ecommerce to the invention of
the telephone at the end of last century. EDI (Electronic Data Interchange) is
sixties. It has not gained reasonable acceptance until eighties. EDI has never
reached the level of popularity of the web-based ecommerce for several reasons:
funded research of computer networking. The Internet could end up like EDI
without the emergence of the World Wide Web in 1990s. The Web became a
addition to print, radio and TV) in a speed which had never been seen before. The
Web users and content were almost doubled every a couple of months in 1995 and
1996. The web and telecommunication technology had fueled the stock bubble in
the roaring 90s and eventually pushed NASDAQ over 5,000 in 2000 before it
XML and Web Services Besides the availability of technical infrastructures, the
popularity of the Web is largely attributed to the low cost of access and simplicity
of HTML authoring, which are the obstacles of EDI development. The Internet and
the Web have overcome the technical difficulty of EDI, but it has not solved the
XML, as a meta markup language, provides a development tool for defining format
a flexible and effective architecture for the implementation. There is no doubt that
XML and the Web Services will shape the course of ecommerce in years to come.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Sources of Data
For having the detailed study about this topic, it is necessary to have
data are:
Websites:
Wikipedia
Wikinvest
India-commerce
Newspapers:
Hindustan Times
Type of Study
study means situation, but not the causal linkages among its different
implementations
Retail, grocery and logistics industries are the most active in encouraging
to consulting groups
and manage
As social media, app stores and global availability become standard, many
companies are looking to enhance the online customer experience. And while retail
and other transactions via Internet are customary, more than ever companies are
simplifying the ways in which customers interact with their website and ultimately
make online purchases. Here are eight trends happening right now in global e-
banks. This trend is facilitated by the W3C working group that approved
these protocols and technical standards for the interworking. These systems
will change not only how we carry money but how we value money and
app store vs. at Dunkin' Donuts.) Payment systems that make it easier to
buy online, coupled with mobile technologies will accelerate the usage of
devices than on any other device. We are rapidly approaching the time (if we
are not already there) where designs must be created for the mobile Web
first, and for the desktop second. Mobile technologies facilitate comparison
device. Just recently, Starbucks customers can not only place an order with
Social media As Facebook has become the most visited site on the Web,
the role of social media, including Facebook and its local clones such as
build rating, loyalty and referral systems tied to social media. Group buying
(e.g., Groupon) is also gaining mainstream ground, with many "deal of the
improvements lie ahead as the social aspects and user experience are refined.
products from foreign sites and have them delivered locally. Thus, currency
is to localize. User Centrics research clearly shows that sites that feel
currency, etc. resonate far more than sites that seem culturally distant or
sterile.
Time-based availability Some of the hottest and most successful sites are
those that have a time-critical response component. Sites like Groupon, Gilt
Jenis Studi
sini adalah "Deskriptif" dan "Analisis Desk" karena tujuannya adalah untuk
KERANGKA KONSEPTUAL
c-commerce
Industri retail, kelontong dan logistik adalah yang paling aktif dalam
fleksibel
Organisasi mencari sistem terukur dan andal yang mudah digunakan dan
dikelola
pelanggan online. Dan sementara transaksi ritel dan lainnya melalui Internet
melakukan pembelian online. Berikut adalah delapan tren yang terjadi saat
pengguna:
kerja W3C yang menyetujui protokol dan standar teknis ini untuk
seluler mereka daripada perangkat lainnya. Kita cepat mendekati waktu (jika
kita belum berada di sana) di mana desain harus dibuat untuk Web mobile
Walmart dan dengan cepat merujuk ulasan dan harga produk di walmart.com
Starbucks tidak hanya bisa memesan dengan Smartphone mereka, tapi juga
melakukan pembelian.
Media sosial - Karena Facebook telah menjadi situs yang paling banyak
mendapatkan jalur utama, dengan banyak situs "deal of the day" bersaing
untuk basis konsumen yang semakin cerdas, namun perbaikan terbentang di
secara lokal. Dengan demikian, mata uang dan bea cukai akan menjadi
menunjukkan bahwa situs yang 'merasa' lokal - dengan citra, bahasa, waktu /
tanggal, bobot / ukuran, mata uang, dll - beresonansi jauh lebih baik dari
Waktu-b
E-COMMERCE IN INDIA
Bahl has 20million (Rs. 100 crore) stash for acquisition-significant because
Snapdeal is itself a startup-but a rich on. It has raised Rs.52 million from ventures
funds.
Bahl is not alone who is scouting for potential suitor. In February this year
last year, US-based social buying site Groupon acquired Indias SoSasta.com and
renamed it as Crazeal.com.
And so it seems that e-commerce is not about customers buying goods. It is about
firms shopping for others. Industry trackers say leading sites are gobbling up rivals
to build size, or acquiring customer niches either to add product segments or to get
In the game in which future share issues are on the radar for bigger players, the
smaller ones often prefer to cash out than be crushed in lonely pursuits in an
mobile phones, with a big chunk of that growing up from voice talk to Internet,
wile the current Web user base at more than 100 million is in itself a significant
number.
Industry estimates say Indias e-commerce market will zoom from the current
At present sites are falling over each other to offer deep discounts, but you do not
survive only through discounts. This only creates a disloyal discount shopper who
moves from one site to another in search of the cheaper deal, said Mahesh Murthy
, managing partner of investment firm Seefund Advisors. Murthy added that sites
without a credible differentiation strategy and loyal customers base would bleed-
Experts say acquisition of other sites is also a good strategy to built brand and
access to its large catalogue of sports and fitness products. Flipkart.com started out
with books, added cameras and mobile handsets and then got Letsbuy.com to
acquire muscle in electronic goods, while Groupons buyout was to enter India.
There in no room for newer players in the general category but there is space for
niche category players, he said. This has been observed by Prashanth Prakash,
Private enquiry is doing a huge amount of work backstage. Venture capitalists say
they more than doubled the funding level in e-commerce over the past year, and
However, having a deep pocket is no guarantee to success. Money can only delay
your death. The only key to survive is to have a credible differentiation strategy,
Murthy said.
Size is not everything, but could help if investors have a sense of timing. As the e-
commerce companies grow and get brand loyalty the valuations are expected to
increase even further. It will be the time when we can offload our stake, for hefty
Hundreds of Internet startups went bust in 2000 and 2001 in the dotcom bubble
and comparing the current e-commerce rush to that may not be farfetched said
There are a lot of guys in this business who dont have a retail background. They
are form either consulting or technology. So one should ask if they are really
margins.
Some firms feel the time is right to cash in on brand, customer base.
Private equity (PE) and venture capitalists (VC) are eyeing safe exit
product/service differentiation.
Acquiring site is a good way to built brand, broaden loyal customer base and
add categories.
The companies that are selling have real valuations, real transactions and
E-commerce companies in India offers the most tangible and finest e-commerce
solutions, provide high end e-commerce solution taking utmost care of the privacy
designs etc.
TOP TEN E-COMMERCE COMPANIES IN INDIA
20North.com:
This website offers variety of products like electronics ,books ,music ,movies ,car
accessories. The site also offers lucrative deals. Log onto the site to shop. Happy
Shopping!!!
99labels.com:
This site offers many fashion and luxury brands at good prices. Check this site for
more brands .
Dealsandyou.com:
This site offers various kinds of deals be it holidays, shirts etc. Also this site gives
heavy discounts on regular basis that cab be profitable for the shoppers. Browse
Fashionandyou.com:
This site also is a great place to shop and that too sitting at home. Also this site
declares sale and heavy discounts almost every day. Sign Up today to get more
deals.
Flipkart :
This site offers various kinds of products and that too at one place. Mobile, its
accessories , books, camera and laptop accessories. and many more things are
available on this site. One can find deals for home appliances also that are
Indiangiftsportal:
This is known for providing gifts for various occasions like birthdays ,anniversary,
wedding, bhai dooj, diwali and many more .Also flowers, cakes ,chocolates and
many more things are offered by this site. Browse it today to send gifts to your
loved ones.
MagazineMall:
This company specifically deals in magazines and one can get magazines of
Bindaasbargain:
Here new deal comes everyday at 10 am and it is India's first One Deal A Day
online shopping site.Check out the site for new deal. Happy Shopping
Buytheprice.com:
The site offers Mobiles, Computers, Cameras, Home Appliances ,Life style, Audio
and Video and much more. Variety of products are available under each category.
Perfume2order:
It has categories like Perfumes for Men, Perfumes for Women, Deodorants & Deo
Stick, Perfume Gift Set, Designer Wallet & Belts, Flowers, Handbags & Clutches,
international trade over the Internet. The advent of E-commerce is boon for global
sourcing and import and export. The boost to global sourcing and import/export
but sure it made global sourcing easier to monitor with its evolutionary phases.
easier conducted electronically. Here are the points why present international trade
Online.
Software assisted documentation for each global sourcing and import export
transaction
Ability to handle multiple, quick and secure data and money transaction
import and export business. Global sourcing is an integral part of B2b scenario and
way. Nonetheless, it is also giving great transformation to the work culture around
the globe with China playing a lead role in global sourcing. Nevertheless, it is also
transforming work cultures around the world silently with China business playing a
major role.
Being an extension of open market dynamics, global sourcing facilitates the export
and import of goods to be in the reach of several small and medium enterprises in
different countries. In this b2b scenario, E-commerce plays an active role in the
global sourcing where the business houses are putting in deep efforts and reaping
the benefits. In this rally of export and import, traders happen to claim the share of
we see, E commerce is driving the export and import and propelling the
having a wide range of options from where they can make their choices.
E-commerce has made the path of business smoother and has facilitated not
only in lower cost, but also resulted in procuring material from places where
decisions are quicker due to this boon. Driving the import and export
business in this global sourcing scenario has opened new frontiers for higher
growth. The ease in supply chain is one of the best advantages that has come
China, a major player in the global sourcing scenario has reaped several
benefits in the e-commerce enabled era. The use of internet has facilitated
trade and boosted it at an immense rate. Business from all over the world has
traders have minted fast money and are still running in that race.
are still being seriously being viewed by import/export operators before engaging
from your desktop to your clients'. You can say, E-commerce is secure for both
import/export operators as well as global sourcing agents alike.
E-commerce has arrived on the global sourcing scene as both import and export
and international trade partners are accepting it. Despite its growing stature and
international trade needs to cover a long distance before it catches up. Another
costs of delays in processing POs and invoices through traditional methods which
By the end of 2011, the e-commerce market in India had clocked close to Rs
as consumers look to new online channels which can often deliver greater value
engaging in e-commerce activities, there are about 150 million internet users in
coupled with the positive experiences of end consumers when buying online
beyond the metros and big cities are key drivers of the e-commerce boon in India.
Businesses in even the smallest towns and villages are becoming increasingly
across urban India are confident enough to make purchases that exceed Rs 20,000-
25,000. Earlier, the same shoppers stayed in the Rs 2,000-5,000 ranges. According
to one study almost 57% of business for e-commerce product sites came from tier
I, tier II and tier III cities while the eight metros accounted for the remainder 43%.
The same pattern was visible in the service sites too, with tier I, tier II and tier III
around US$ 10 billion. But with different levels of adoption, the market has the
potential to grow anywhere between US$ 70 billion US$ 150 billion under one
scenario and at another level it can grow between US$ 125 billion US$ 260
billion by 2024-25.
Globally, the scenario is much the same. Brazil, one of fastest growing
including both retail e-commerce and online travel sales, will total to
21.9% over the previous year. Brazil will account for more than half of
the total B2C e-commerce sales in Latin America through 2013, thanks
during the third quarter of 2011; an increase of 13.7% compared with the
Bureau. 2011 also saw the European online market boom despite the
internet users in each of the last four years. It will add the equivalent of
moved online, the need for physical stores has become obsolete.
up the profit margin. The seller can then transfer this benefit to the
of online shopping.
Safe & secure:Customers can trust the process of going online and
through such channels and mobile apps are now available that
of reducing their costs of living. The online channel offers a clear value
proposition for both merchants and consumers making it the most sought
commerce
structure
related
factors
incompatible internet in
with many
authoritarian countries
political
computer in telecom
sectors
Pricing Viewed as a Tariff and non ITA- reducing
imperialism in products
some
protection case of
problems in
online
transactions
decision UNCTAD
on delivery currency.
etc,
duties in WTO
member
Brief Literature Review
business. Although it is one of the best & cheapest intermediate for reaching out to
also offers a smart way of doing online business & expanding it more.
most of its reach to potential customers and provide them with a convenient,
Business people can spend less money and earn high profits with e-commerce
Easily we can track the segment of customers who are happy with purchasing
locations
Inexpensive way to turn your Web site into a revenue center
Reduce Customer Support costs via e-mail marketing & customary newsletters
Instantly we can develop our business across the internet by using various e-
commerce strategies
Customers can easily buy their products by using different payment gateways
been slow to take off as at first consumers had doubts about the security of
Initial B2C trading focused on music CDs, software and books - items which
were compact and easily shipped and where prices could be slashed once the
retailer's cut was taken out of the margin. The Amazon book store would be
a good example of this. These products pushed the perimeters of the market
Books and CDs are relatively generic products. A CD bought in the US will
have the same music and quality as one bought locally (the exception is the
cover art) and so there is no doubt in the consumers mind exactly what the
product is. This is not the case with clothing, where sizes can confuse the
purchasing decision.
Ebay has really transform purchasing behaviour on the web. Many people
have made their first ecommerce transaction on Ebay. Many people sell on
ecommerce.
products can be extremely strong. If you have a unique product that is highly
relevant to a niche audience, you are likely to do very well on the web.
Although sales are increasing rapidly on the Internet, the volume of turnover
figures continue to fail short of industry estimates. But as retail web sites
become more navigable and privacy policies are displayed, more people will
forecasts are that B2B revenue will far exceed B2C revenue in the near
future.
exceeds that of B2C by 10 to 1. Over the next five years, B2B is expected to
Payment Gateways
Both PayPal and Paymate offer credit card to bank account payments. Using
one of these services you can invoice a customer, they can pay on Paymate
and the funds will be deposited in your bank account ... less a transaction
fee.
Unlike a credit card merchant facility you will not have ongoing, minimum
monthly fees... and the transaction fee is better than what most card
companies offer small merchants. Additional these service are being backed
into other ecommerce sites and shopping carts. Ebay for example uses
Auction sites such as Ebay and TradeMe have done an enormous amount to
get ordinary people involved in online trading. Today many Ebay merchants
are establishing their own web sites to avoid Ebay and Pay Pal fees. They
have learnt about how to present their product in their Ebay store and what
issues are important to their customers in purchasing their product and now
Security
server and client browser. When entering a secure site your browser is
passed a public key by which transactions between you and the web server
budget. You can "piggyback" on someone else's "key" or you can register
and pay for your own key or SSL certificate at Thwate or Verisign.
Generally today businesses who host web sites offer access to a secure
server and you can use their server and secure certificate for less than if you
However the person browsing your site will notice the URL change to one
they do not recognise - or trust. This may put your customers off (although
own key would be to have a URL for your secure pages that is consistent
Presently, in Australia, Verisign may sell you a key for over $800 while
foreign ecommerce providers like Instant SSL can sell it for $150. Although
Verisign will argue that their key comes with a range of value add benefits,
the bottom line is the product, i.e. the key, is the same.
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
facilities available.
The countries such as India, Brazil, and China etc which are on the path of
The e-commerce can surpass geographical limits and can prove to be worthy
The e-commerce can help in providing an edge to your rivals in the market
The Countries such as USA, Australia, Canada , UK etc are trying to come
The countries are well aware of its benefits and are becoming more
innovative in this field as customers can easily select products from different
Web
http://www.articlesnatch.com/Article/E-commerce-In-Global-Sourcing-
march , 2012)
http://archive.unctad.org/templates/webflyer.asp?docid=4253&intItemID=2
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/ECommerce_and_EBusiness/ECommerce_in_
http://www.wipo.int/copyright/en/ecommerce/ip_survey/chap5.html (last
http://www.nytimes.com/2003/11/24/business/e-commerce-report-sensing-
economic-opportunities-many-developing-nations-
march, 2012)
Books
Newspapers
Hindustan Times