Basic Statistics
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Elementary Concepts
Statistics Glossary
Basic Statistics
ANOVA / MANOVA
Association Rules
Boosting Trees
Canonical Analysis
CHAID Analysis
C & R Trees
Classification Trees
Cluster Analysis
Correspondence Analysis
Data Mining Techniques
Discriminant Analysis
Distribution Fitting
Experimental Design
Factor Analysis
General Discrim. Analysis
General Linear Models
Generalized Additive Mod.
Generalized Linear Mod.
General Regression Mod.
Graphical Techniques
Ind.Components Analysis
Linear Regression
Log-Linear Analysis
MARSplines
Machine Learning
Multidimensional Scaling
Neural Networks
Nonlinear Estimation
Nonparametric Statistics
Partial Least Squares
Power Analysis
Process Analysis
Quality Control Charts
Reliability / Item Analysis
SEPATH (Structural eq.)
Survival Analysis
Text Mining
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StatSoft.com Textbook Basic Statistics
Basic Statistics
Descriptive statistics
"True" Mean and Confidence Interval
Shape of the Distribution, Normality
Correlations
Purpose (What is Correlation?)
Simple Linear Correlation (Pearson r)
How to Interpret the Values of Correlations
Significance of Correlations
Outliers
Quantitative Approach to Outliers
Correlations in Non-homogeneous Groups
Nonlinear Relations between Variables
Measuring Nonlinear Relations
Exploratory Examination of Correlation Matrices
Casewise vs. Pairwise Deletion of Missing Data
How to Identify Biases Caused by the Bias due to Pairwise Deletion of Missing Data
Pairwise Deletion of Missing Data vs. Mean Substitution
Spurious Correlations
Are correlation coefficients "additive?"
How to Determine Whether Two Correlation Coefficients are Significant
t-test for independent samples
Purpose, Assumptions
Arrangement of Data
t-test graphs
More Complex Group Comparisons
t-test for dependent samples
Within-group Variation
Purpose
Assumptions
Arrangement of Data
Matrices of t-tests
More Complex Group Comparisons
Breakdown: Descriptive statistics by groups
Purpose
Arrangement of Data
Statistical Tests in Breakdowns
Other Related Data Analysis Techniques
Post-Hoc Comparisons of Means
Breakdowns vs. Discriminant Function Analysis
Breakdowns vs. Frequency Tables
Graphical breakdowns
Frequency tables
Purpose
Applications
Crosstabulation and stub-and-banner tables
Purpose and Arrangement of Table
2x2 Table
Marginal Frequencies
Column, Row, and Total Percentages
Graphical Representations of Crosstabulations
Stub-and-Banner Tables
Interpreting the Banner Table
Multi-way Tables with Control Variables
Graphical Representations of Multi-way Tables
Statistics in crosstabulation tables
Multiple responses/dichotomies
Descriptive Statistics
"True" Mean and Confidence Interval. Probably the most often used descriptive statistic is the mea
particularly informative measure of the "central tendency" of the variable if it is reported along with its
As mentioned earlier, usually we are interested in statistics (such as the mean) from our sample only to
they can infer information about the population. The confidence intervals for the mean give us a range o
mean where we expect the "true" (population) mean is located (with a given level of certainty, see also
Concepts). For example, if the mean in your sample is 23, and the lower and upper limits of the p=.05 c
are 19 and 27 respectively, then you can conclude that there is a 95% probability that the population m
19 and lower than 27. If you set the p-level to a smaller value, then the interval would become wider th
"certainty" of the estimate, and vice versa; as we all know from the weather forecast, the more "vague
(i.e., wider the confidence interval), the more likely it will materialize. Note that the width of the confid
depends on the sample size and on the variation of data values. The larger the sample size, the more re
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