The Metropolitan Manila Development Authority (Filipino: Pangasiwaan sa Pagpapaunlad ng Kalakhang

Maynila, MMDA), is an agency of the Republic of the Philippines created embracing the cities of Manila,
Quezon City, Caloocan, Pasay, Mandaluyong, Makati, Pasig, Marikina, Muntinlupa, Las Pias, Paraaque,
Valenzuela, Malabon, Taguig, Navotas and San Juan and the municipality of Pateros. Metropolitan
Manila or the National Capital Region is constituted into a special development and administrative
region subject to direct supervision of the President of the Philippines. The MMDA office is located at
Epifanio de los Santos Avenue (EDSA) corner Orense Street, Guadalupe, Makati, Philippines.

The MMDA performs planning, monitoring and coordinative functions, and in the process exercises
regulatory and supervisory authority over the delivery of metro-wide services within Metro Manila
without diminution of the autonomy of the local government units concerning purely local matters.

The agency is headed by a Chairman, who is appointed by, and continues to hold office at the discretion
of, the President. The Chairman is vested with the rank, rights, privileges, disqualifications, and
prohibitions of a cabinet member.

A recall election (also called a recall referendum or representative recall) is a procedure by

which voters can remove an elected official from office through a direct vote before that official's term
has ended. Recalls, which are initiated when sufficient voters sign a petition, have a history dating
back to ancient Athenian democracy[1] and feature in several contemporary constitutions. In indirect
or representative democracy people's representatives are elected and these representatives rule for
a specific period of time. But if any representative comes to be perceived as not properly discharging
their responsibilities, then they can be called back with the written request of specific number or
proportion of voters.

An Initiative, or commonly known as People's Initiative, is defined as the power of the people to propose
amendments to the Constitution or to propose and enact legislations through an election called for the
purpose.

There are three (3) systems of initiative, namely:

(a) Initiative on the Constitution which refers to a petition proposing amendments to the Constitution;

(b) Initiative on statutes which refers to a petition proposing to enact a national legislation; and

(c) Initiative on local legislation which refers to a petition proposing to enact a regional, provincial, city,
municipal, or barangay law, resolution or ordinance.

Referendum is defined as the power of the electorate to approve or reject a legislation through an
election called for the purpose. It may be of two classes, namely: (a) Referendum on statutes which
refers to a petition to approve or reject an act or law, or part thereof, passed by Congress; and (b)
Referendum on local law which refers to a petition to approve or reject a law, resolution or ordinance
enacted by regional assemblies and local legislative bodies. [1]