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Lecture 2
Signals
Signals example
Mathematical representation
Types of Signals
Systems
A system can be defined as a physical arrangement that performs
an operation on a signal.
For examples:
In DSP,
Filter: Used to reduce the noise and interference corrupting a desired
information-bearing signal
Modulator: Used to modulate a signal for the purpose of adding
information to a high frequency carrier signal
Converter: Converts from analog-to-digital (A/D) and also digital-to-
analog (D/A)
Signal Processing Signal
When signal is passed through a system then the system is
basically processed.
In other words, the operations which are performed by
system are usually referred to as signal processing.
Processing means operating in some fashion on a signal to
extract some useful information e.g. we use our ears as
input device and then auditory pathways in the brain to
extract the information.
Types of Signal Processing
The signal processing operations involved in many applications like
communication systems, control systems, instrumentation, biomedical signal
processing etc. can be implemented in two different ways
Most signal processing operations are both time domain and frequency domain
usually carried out in the time domain. applications are employed.
Unit Ramp:
Different types of Continuous Time Signals
Multichannel Signal:
Signal generation is usually associated with a system that
responds to a stimulus or force. The stimulus in combination with
the system is called a signal source. Example: speech source,
image source, etc.
Signals can be generated by multiple sources or multiple sensors.
Such signals can be represented in vector form.
Example: Let S(t) is a signal, where x = 1,2,3 which indicates that
signals from the x sources/sensors are the function of time and
can be represented as follows,
1 ()
3 = 2 ()
3 ()
This type of signals are called multichannel signals.
Different types of Continuous Time Signals
Multidimensional Signal:
If the signal is a function of a single independent variable, signal is
said to be one-dimensional signal. Similarly, If the signal is a
function of multiple independent variables, signal is said to be
multi-dimensional signal.