E2.

2 Analogue electronics
Problem sheet 7 (Week 9)
Q1: (Tutorial question week 10/11)
Draw a flow graph for the biquadratic filter below, assuming the op-amps are ideal. Write an expression
V V
for the three transfer functions GLP = LP , G BP = BP in terms of the block transimpedance gains and
Vi Vi
the connecting conductances.

A B C

ANSWER
Since the op-amps are ideal the networks in the shaded boxes are ideal transimpedance amplifiers of
gains
R2 1
ZA = , ZB = , Z C = R3 . The input terminals are virtual grounds, and sum currents .
1 + sR2C1 sC2
Therefore, the flow graph can be drawn as:

G5

Vi G1 + ZA G4 ZB G3 ZC
-VLP
VBP VLP

With Gn = 1/ Rn .

VBP G1Z A
GBP = =
Vi 1 Z AG4 Z B G3 Z C G5
It follows that
VBP G1Z AG4 Z B
GLP = = = GBP G4 Z B
Vi 1 Z AG4 Z B G3 Z C G5

Q2. You are given the Common Emitter Y parameters of a Bipolar transistor. Calculate the Common
Base H parameters of this transistor.

E22 Analogue Electronics PS7 Questions p 1/4

ANSWER:
Can be done directly, or in 2 steps, YCE YCB H CB , or directly. We the second calculation, since the
first is in the notes:
The voltages and currents in the two representations are related as:
iCB1 = iE = ( iB + iC ) = iCE1 iCE 2
iCB 2 = iC = iCE 2
vCB1 = vEB = vBE = vCE1
vCB 2 = vCB = vCE vBE = vCE1 + vCE 2
We write the definition of the CB h matrix:
vCB1 iCB1
i = hCB v
CB 2 CB 2
1 0 vCE1 0 0 iCE1 0 0 vCE1 1 1 iCE1
0 0 v + 0 1 i = hCB 1 1 v + 0 0 i
CE 2 CE 2 CE 2 CE 2
1 0 vCE1 0 0 vCE1 0 0 vCE1 1 1 vCE1
0 0 v + 0 1 yCE v = hCB 1 1 v + 0 0 yCE v
CE 2 CE 2 CE 2 CE 2
1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
0 0 + 0 1 yCE = hCB 1 1 + 0 0 yCE

1 0 y y y12 y22
y = hCB 11 21
21 y22 1 1
1
1 0 y11 y21 y12 y22 1 1 0 1 y12 + y22
= =
y22
( y11 + y12 + y21 + y 22 ) y21 y22 1 y11 y21
hCB
y21 1 1

3. You are given the common source Y matrix of a FET. Compute its transmission matrix in common
source configuration.
ANSWER:
The transmission matrix is:
A B 1/ g 21 1/ y21
C D = 1/ z 1/ h21
21

The y parameters are given. The rest are:

y21 y21 y
g 21 = , z21 = , h21 = 21
y22 det y y11

E22 Analogue Electronics PS7 Questions p 2/4

4. You are given the common source transmission matrix of a FET. Compute the common Gate and
common Drain transmission matrices.
ANSWER
Same logic as Q2.

5. Solve the high pass sallen-key filter.

ANSWER:
C1 C2
Vout B
K
R1
Vin R2 A + K
H
Derive A and B by superposition:
sR1C1 R1
Convert Vin , C1 , R1 into a Thevenin equivalent: VT = , ZT =
1 + sR1C1 1 + sR1C1
And calculate the resultant voltage divider:
s 2 R1C1 R2C2 s 2 1 2
A= =
s 2 R1C1 R2C2 + s ( R1C1 + R2C2 + R1C2 ) + 1 D

sR2C2 s
B= = 2
s R1C1 R2C2 + s ( R1C1 + R2C2 + R1C2 ) + 1 D
2

D = s 2 1 2 + s ( 1 + 2 + 12 ) + 1, 1 = R1C1 , 2 = R2C2 , 12 = R1C2

AK s 2 1 2 K s 2 1 2 K
H (s) = = = 2
1 BK D Ks 2 s 1 2 + s ( 1 + 2 (1 K ) + 12 ) + 1

6. Solve the Deliyannis-Friend All pass filter

ANSWER:

V1

E22 Analogue Electronics PS7 Questions p 3/4

Evaluate the (3R, 1.5R) voltage divider to find that V = V+ = Vi / 3
Write nodal equations:
At V1 :

2G (Vi V1 ) + (Vo V1 ) sC + (V V1 ) sC = 0 2G (Vi V1 ) + (Vo V1 ) sC + (Vi / 3 V1 ) sC = 0

( 2G + 2sC )V1 sCVo = ( 2G + sC / 3)Vi , G = 1/ R

At V :

sC (V1 V ) + (Vo V ) G = 0 sC (V1 Vi / 3) + (Vo Vi / 3) G = 0

sCV1 + GVo ( sC + G ) Vi / 3 = 0 sCV1 + GVo = Vi ( sC + G ) / 3
Put all together:
( 2G + 2 sC ) sC V1 2G + sC / 3
= Vi
sC G Vo ( sC + G ) / 3
Vo G ( 2G + 2 sC )( sC + G ) / 3 sC ( 2G + sC / 3)
=
Vi G ( 2G + 2 sC ) + s 2C 2

Multiply numerator and denominator by 3R 2 and call = RC to get:

Vo 1 ( 2 + 2 s )( s + 1) s ( 6 + s ) 1 s 2 2 2 s + 2
= = 2 2
Vi 3 ( 2 + 2s ) + s 2 2 3 s + 2s + 2

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