: "GST".

, "GST"
* -
.
.. , .. ()
skoshel@geogr.msu.ru .

, ,
[. NN 4(16), 5(17), 2(19), . ,
-
3(20)], -
. Z (, , , -
..) zi -
. -
: , p i , i = 1,...n (
" ", ,
, -
-
. , -

, -
. -
"",

,

" -
". ,
-
, -

.

, "" -
. -
D.G. Krige,
.
-
(
kriging). Krige -
, - , , -
, ( -) . 1.
.
- ,
, , , ).
- Z = f ( p) ,
. -
()
-
() zi . .1 -
.
- , -
, , : .., - -
, : . , Z
, 1987 . ,
, .: , 1990.
- - (variogram, semivariogram) (h) ( -
.. c(h) ),
, -
. (
*
.., .. - ) -
: // -
-. 2000. - 4(26)-5(27). .32-
-
33. 2001. - 1(28). .58, 2(29)-3(30). .23-24.
 .., .. :

( - n k
) 2 ( p0 ) = ai i + i i ( p0 ) ,
i =1 i =1
, .
.
(estimating), -
Z 0 = f ( p0 ) (esti- .
mation) p0 . ,
, .
p0

-
.
: Z = a1 z1 + a 2 z 2 + K + a n z n . , -
ai ,
,
, - . -
. , Z
, () ,
:
n n 1 Nh
a j ij + = i , i = 1,..., n ; a j = 1; * (h) = [Z ( pi + h) Z ( pi )]2 , N h -
2 N h i =1
j =1 j =1
- , - h. -
, ij = pi p j , ( ) ( , , -
-
i = ( pi p0 ) . - ) ( -
()
(ordinary linear kriging). - , , -
) . -
, - -
c(h) . .
s
Z (
), , t k = (k 12 )s, k = 1,2,... , ( -
(universal)
. ,
) * (t k ) =
1
(
2n k i , j
)
z i z j 2 , -
Z
k
, -
Z ( p ) = bii ( p ) + ( p ) , 1 ( p ),..., k ( p ) - t k s 2 pi p j < t k + s 2 , nk -
i =1
- - . -
- , -
, ( p ) -

. , (

(drift),
i ( p ) ,
, ,
.

a i :
n k
a j ij + j j ( pi ) = i , i = 1,..., n ;
j =1 j =1

a j i ( p j ) = i ( p0 ), i = 1,..., k ;
n

j =1
1 ,..., k . ,
. 2.

k = 1 1 ( p ) = 1 . - ). t k , nk = 0 ,
, , - . .2 -
p0 , .1.

2
 .., .. :

- (nugget effect), c = c0 + c1 - (sill), c0 c - -

. (relative nugget).
, .3
- .
, -
,
.
. -
, -

. - ,
, - ,
, "".
. - c0 , c1

( t = h , (0 ) = 0 ; . 1)- ,
a
,
5) (h ) = c0 + c1 h > a ):
1) . -
(h ) = c0 + c1t ; -
2) t k t k < a .
( )
(h ) = c0 + c1 3 2 t 12 t 3 ;
3) (
( )
(h ) = c0 + c1t 2 1 ln t 2 ;
,
). , -
4) c0 -
( )
(h ) = c0 + c1 2t t 2 ; , c1 . -
5) h,
2
(h ) = c0 + c1 t 1 t 2 + arcsin t ;
, -
6) ,
( )
(h ) = c0 + c1 1 e 3t ;
7) . -
, -
(h ) = c0 + c1 1 e 3t ;
2
, ,
-
, .
-

( a, c0 , c1 ). -
- -
-
. -
,

, .
, -
, -
.
-
-
.
h
-
,
h -
. 3.
, -
: a - -
. -
(range), c0 -
(

3
 .., .. :

) , -
, , (-
- 4 8) n max , n min
, , - . -
-
. - .
- . ,
, -
- .
. , -
- ,
- ,
, - .
, - " "
, , -
, . , .
, - .4
. -
,
. , - 16 -
(>300-500 ) - , a = 40 ,
- a = 20 .
,
.5
. -
. a = 40 , -
. -
16 ,
, ,
-
,
, -
. -
.
(search radius) , ,
-
. -
.
,
nmax - -
, nmin . (
- , interpolation by radial func-

.4. . 5.

4
 .., .. :

functions). ,
- , f ( p ) -
- . ,
- ,
, (D-) . - , -
,
- . ,
. (t ) .
, t ( -
, - , -
). , - .
f ( p ) :
n k ***
f ( p ) = ai ( p pi ) + bi i ( p ) .
i =1 i =1
, -
,
a1 ,..., a n , b1 ,..., bk - -
.
; p p i - p INTERNET -
pi ; 1 ( p ),..., k ( p ) - - kriging. -
.
( ),
k
()
T ( p ) = bi i ( p ) - ( - -
i =1 .
2). , - , -
f ( p )
(, ,
-
.), -
, -
Journel, A.G., and Huijbregts, C.J., 1978, Min-

ing Geostatistics: Academic Press, 600 p.
:
n k
-
a j ij + b j j ( pi ) = z i , i = 1,..., n ; Mathematical Ge-
ology, -
j =1 j =1
,
a j i (p j ) = 0, i = 1,..., k .
n
, ,
j =1
- .
-
: (t ) = s 2 + t 2 ( ) ,
-
. ,
1 -
= , s > 0, k = 1, 1 ( p ) = 1 ;
2 : -
D- ( , (); -
): (t ) = t 2 log t ,
( ); -
( , , ( ) -
). .
,

-
.
(t )
.
,
, t , -
. -
,
. -
, -

, -