12

Mathematics B Extended MPS Task Fabian Petroni

Part A

ITEM 1 (KP) a) i)
= %&'
=
= 88
= 27
= 7 0.11667
= 81

= %&'

81 27 = (88 27) %& L.MMNNO

54 = 61 %& L.MMNNO

54
= %& L.MMNNO
61

54
ln = 0.1166
61

54 1
ln =
61 0.1166

{input in graphics calculator}

= 1.044769865

= %&'

57 27 = (88 27) %M.LVVONWXNY '

30 = 61 % M.LVVONWXNY '

30
= % M.LVVONWXNY '
61

30
ln = 1.044769865
61

30
(ln
)
61 =
1.044769865

= 0.6792658424

= 0.6792658424 60

= 40.75595054

0.75595054 60 = 45.357 ( )

= 40 46
12 Mathematics B Extended MPS Task Fabian Petroni

a) ii)

The temperature of the coffee will never drop to the temperature of the surrounding air. The model is an exponential
decay function and, when graphed, the asymptote of the equation is the surrounding air temperature, 27. The
temperature of the coffee will be close to that of the surrounding air however will never be equivalent, it will
continually approach 27, but will meet the value at a finite distance. In addition, the equation D = ae%^_ would not
be viable if the surrounding temperature was substituted into the equation the equation results in a math error when
D=0 is inputted.

b)

D = ae%^_
( 0 ) = 62
( ) = 52
= 15
( ) = ?
= ?

D = ae%^_
T t T s = T 0 T s e%^_
52 T s = 62 T s e%^ MY
(52 T s )
= e%^ MY
62 T s
(52 T s )
ln = k 15
62 T s
(52 T s )
ln
62 T s
=
15



D = ae%^_
(T t T s ) = T 0 T s e%^ VY
(Yh%i j )
fg
Nh%i j
(38 T s ) = 62 T s e MY
VY


( )
(Yh%o)
fg
Nh%o
VY
38 = 62 e MY

:


3


12 Mathematics B Extended MPS Task Fabian Petroni

(Yh%o)
fg
Nh%o
VY
38 = 62 e MY
= 15.59127904
{ { 15.59

Given this particular model, two answers would be attainable, a much larger value and the final value utilised
(15.59). However, since the equation mode function was utilised, the most reasonable answer was obtained, a
reasonable value less than that of the original surrounding temperature (27) and not an unrealistic value. Thusly, the
final answer is validated by the graphical means through which the final answer (15.59) was obtained.

ITEM 3 (MPS)
~ %&' +
=
%&'
=
=
~ =
=


~ %&' +
=
%&'
(Disregard the denominator of the fraction and integrate the numerator initially)

= ~ %&'

( is constant)

= %&'
%&'
= +

%&'
= +

= %&' +

(As is a constant + is also a constant so let + = )

%&' + +
=
%&'

%&' +
=
%&'

From Question:
= 27
= 5, = 5.6
= 0, = 1.5
12 Mathematics B Extended MPS Task Fabian Petroni

Required to find (10)

27 %&' +
=
%&'

() = 27 +
%&'
When: = 0, 0 = 1.5

1.5 = 27 +
%&L

1.5 = 27 +
1

= 25.5

25.5
() = 27 +
%&'

When: = 5, = 5.6

25.5
5.6 = 27 +
%Y&
25.5
21.4 =
%Y&
25.5
%Y& =
21.4
25.5
5 = ln
21.4

= 0.03506

25.5
= 27
L.LYLN'


When: = 10, = ?

25.5
= 27
L.LYLN'
25.5
= 27
L.LYLN(ML)

() = 9.04123

Thus, the temperature of the drink after 10 minutes would be 9.04

12 Mathematics B Extended MPS Task Fabian Petroni

Part B
ITEM 4 (KP and MPS)
= ~ + L ~ %&'
=
=
~ =
L =
=

{ :

(1)
= ~ + L ~ %&'
26.9 = 21 + 37.1 21 %&'
1 :
26.9 = 21 + 37.1 21 %&'
5.9 = 16.1 %&'



(2)
+ 1 = ~ + L ~ %&('M)
25.6 = 21 + 37.1 21 %&('M)
2 :
25.6 = 21 + 37.1 21 %&('M)
4.6 = 16.1 %&' %&

9: 20 .

1 %&' (2 ):

5.9 = 16.1 %&'
5.9
%&' =
16.1

(2 ):

4.6 = 16.1 %&' %&
12 Mathematics B Extended MPS Task Fabian Petroni

5.9
4.6 = 16.1 %&
16.1
4.6 = 5.9 %&
4.6
%& =
5.9
4.6
= ln( )
5.9
4.6
ln( )
= 5.9
1
= 0.2488960474

= 0.2488960474 1 :

5.9 = 16.1 %&'
5.9
%&' =
16.1
5.9
%L.hVXXWNLVOV ' =
16.1
5.9
0.2488960474 = ln( )
16.1
5.9
ln( )
= 16.1
0.2488960474
= 4.033277875

(0.033277875 60 = 1.9966725 2)

= 4 2
4 2 .
, 5: 18, .












12 Mathematics B Extended MPS Task Fabian Petroni

ITEM 5 (MPS)
th
Weather Observation Station: Frankston, Victoria Ambient Temperature = 10.7 4:30 am on the 6 of August
2017.

At 4:30am the temperature was 10.7 Liver Temperature = 34.55
At 5:00am the temperature was 10.1 Liver Temperature = 34.20
At 5:30am the temperature was 10.4 Liver Temperature = 33.87
At 6:00am the temperature was 11.6 Liver Temperature = 33.26

Average Ambient Temperature:

10.7 + 10.1 + 10.4 + 11.6
=
4

= 10.7

Assumptions:
the initial temperature of the liver is 37 thus L = (37)
the notion that the victim was last seen at 8:00pm is valid, thus the victim could not have died before 8:00pm

= ~ + L ~ %&'
=
=
~ =
L = (37)
=

{ :

(1)
= ~ + L ~ %&'
34.55 = 10.7 + 37 10.7 %&'
1 :
34.55 = 10.7 + 37 10.7 %&'
23.85 = 26.3 %&'



12 Mathematics B Extended MPS Task Fabian Petroni

(2)
+ 1 = ~ + L ~ %&('M)
33.87 = 10.7 + 37 10.7 %&('M)
2 :
33.87 = 10.7 + 37 10.7 %&('M)
23.17 = 26.3 %&' %&

4: 30 .

1 %&' (2 ):

23.85 = 26.3 %&'
23.85
%&' =
26.3

(2 ):

23.17 = 26.3 %&' %&
23.85 %&
23.17 = 26.3
26.3
23.17 = 23.85 %&
23.17
%& =
23.85
23.17
= ln( )
23.85
23.17
ln( )
= 23.85
1
= 0.02892587889

= 0.02892587889 1 :

23.85 = 26.3 %&'
23.85
%&' =
26.3
23.85
%L.LhXWhYXOXXW ' =
26.3
23.85
0.02892587889 = ln( )
26.3
23.85
ln( )
= 26.3
0.02892587889
= 3.380527251
12 Mathematics B Extended MPS Task Fabian Petroni

(0.380527251 60 = 22.83163506 23)

= 3 23
3 23 .
, 1: 07, .

Strengths and Limitations
The model was relatively accurate as it took into consideration several factors in the calculation of the estimated time
of death of the victim including ambient temperature, and the initial and succeeding liver temperatures, thusly
producing a more precise time of death. However, the liver temperature was measured only every 15 minutes and the
ambient temperature (averaged) could have fluctuated from the data points provided by the Bureau of Meteorology,
since it only recorded temperatures every 30 minutes. Furthermore, the fact that it is a theoretical model providing an
explanation for time of death instead of physical means of calculating time of death, means that there will always be a
slight inaccuracy as all environmental impacts influencing the situation were not predictable/ recordable and accounted
for.

Validation and Reasonableness
The answer maintains validity as it lies between the time the victim was last seen and the time the victims body was
recovered (8:00pm-4:30am) thusly a realistic and feasible time of death value was obtained.

Given the amount that the liver temperature decreases over the span of 1 hour by 0.68, and the fact that the
temperature of the human body fluctuates between the range of approximately 36.5 37.5, it can be concluded
that the solution was reasonable as when roughly estimated utilising this rate of a 0.68 decrease every 1 hour, the
initial temperature of the liver aligned with the estimated time of death calculated.

= 3.380527251
34.55 = 4: 30

0.68 3.380527251 = 2.98758531

34.55 + 2.98758531 = 36.84875853
37

Therefore, as exemplified by the worked solution above, the time of death aligns with the initial temperature of the
liver 37, thusly the time of death is quite valid and accurate, assuming this same (or approximate) rate of change
(0.68) occurred since the time of death.

12 Mathematics B Extended MPS Task Fabian Petroni

Numerical Validation

Substitute in the Liver Temperature () for 5:00am (34.20) into the equation to find the time of death of the victim.
(The subtraction of 0.5 is due to the temperature value of 34.20 being recorded half an hour after the initial liver
temperature recording)

34.20 10.7
ln( )
= 26.3 0.5
0.02892587889

= 3.391619628

(0.391619628 60 = 23.49717768 23)

= 3 23

(Negligible difference from the initial time of death calculated.)
Substitute in the Liver Temperature () for 5:45am (33.51) into the equation to find the time of death of the victim.
(The subtraction of 1.25 is due to the temperature value of 33.51 being recorded one and a quarter hours after the
initial liver temperature recording)

33.51 10.7
ln( )
= 26.3 1.25
0.02892587889

= 3.671886848

(0.671886848 60 = 40.31321088 40)

= 3 40

(17 minute difference from the initial time of death calculated.)

Substitute in the Liver Temperature () for 6:00am (33.26) into the equation to find the time of death of the victim.
(The subtraction of 1.5 is due to the temperature value of 33.26 being recorded one and a half hours after the initial
liver temperature recording)

33.26 10.7
ln( )
= 26.3 1.5
0.02892587889

12 Mathematics B Extended MPS Task Fabian Petroni

= 3.802881656

(0.802881656 60 = 48.17289936 48)

= 3 48

(25 minute difference from the initial time of death calculated.)


Thus, the difference of the of the initial calculated time of death and the calculations used to validate this answer were,
respectively, the same for the 5:00am calculation; 17 minute difference for the 5:45am calculation: and 25 minute
difference for the 6:00am calculation. Thus, the model was valid and relatively accurate in estimating the time of death
of the victim, however; the k value has been shown to be a slight limitation of the model as gradually the estimated
time of death would be further away from the initial answer of 3 hours and 23 minutes, due the k-values slight
inaccuracy.