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Assignment : 5
Ans-: “Directing concerns the total manner in which a manager influences the
actions to his subordinates. It is the final action of a manager in getting others to
act after all preparations have been completed.”- J.L. Massie.
Attitude motivation is how people think and feel. It is their self confidence, their
belief in themselves, their attitude to life. It is how they feel about the future and
how they react to the past.
The leaders in industry are not chosen by the employees but are appointed by
those higher in management. The employees have not come together
voluntarily, to achieve common objective of an organization.
They were appointed to carry out assigned tasks. All of them are there to earn a
livelihood and satisfy needs. The nature of the situation is such that the
objectives and approaches of individuals comprising an organizations are not
integrated. There are some very special problems faced by a leader in such a
situation. The leader, by reason of his position in an organization, has the job of
directing the activities of his subordinates towards the goals of the company. He
is exhorted an ordered to lead. He takes training courses in leadership. Yet in far
too many cases he finds his position irksome. He is worried about his ability to
accomplish the objections through people and longs for an organizational set up
which will depend to an ever greater degree on power, controls and
management rights. The relationship of the leader to his employees is one is
which there are too many points of difference. Still they continue to work
together because the other alternative is unemployment. Job opportunities are
extremely limited for most of the time.
Within this context, there are four possible methods which a leader may use to
organize the actives of people and direct them toward organizational objectives.
A leader may direct the activities of his subordinates, chiefly by holding over
their heads the threat of dismissal if they do not accept his direction. It is seldom
stated as bluntly as this, but it is implicit in the relationship. Successful use of
this method obviously requires a situation in which a leader controls many
important means. Even then a leader faces the indirect and aggressive
consequences of frustrations he engenders. Restriction of output, subtle form of
sabotage or militant unionism are frequent consequences.
A second method of leading may be providing means for the need satisfactions
of subordinates in the hope that they will accept direction of their activities, out
of gratitude and loyalty. It is desirable to provide for satisfaction after the
employees in anticipation of efforts. This method of leadership results in
minimum acceptance of direction, minimum performance and constantly
increasing expectations.
A third method consists in a leader directing the activities of people, within the
framework of an agreement with the employees. He agrees to provide them with
certain mens, in return for which they agree to chary out assigned tasks within
specified limits. The efforts come first and satisfaction later. There is some
freedom of choice for the followers and reduction of power of leader. This
method has met with varying degrees of success depending upon the nature of
the agreement and individual involved.
1. Establishing Standards
Standards are yardsticks against which actual results are measured and
efficiency is determined. Standards are plans which tell us where we should be.
Standards may be physical,financial, qualitative or tangible. Standards are
usually stated in specific terms but they may also be intangible like the degree
of morale goodwill market image and public opinion and attitude.
2. Measuring Performance
3.Correction of Deviation
The negative difference between where we should have been and where we
actually are is controlled. Deviation is corrected controls should facilitate
corrective actions.
The manager mayb e compelled to correct actions by redrawing his plans or by
modifying his goals. If controls are forward looking they may indicate weak
areas in time stopping further damage.
Submitted on :25/2/2010