LAUREL SHIP MANAGEMENT PTE LTD.

1 Temasek Avenue, #23-01, Millenia Tower, Singapore, 039192

Tel : +65-6430-3580 Fax : +65-6336-4561

Interview Guidelines (CE or 2E)

Main Engine:
1. What is ECO Speed?
Economical speed is the rpm at which an engine can be run
where consumption of fuel is minimum.

Now many of us confuse this with specific fuel consumption

and other technical terms like this. Economical speed is for
saving the fuel and at what rpm we can save the fuel most.
At Dead slow ahead.If we need to go from point A to point B,
and if we run the engine at dead slow ahead, the total
consumption to reach point B will be lesser than other higher
rpm like slow ahead and half ahead and so on.

But we cannot run the engine at dead slow ahead for longer
period of time as we don't want out blower to cut in/Cut off.
The minimum rpm at which we can run the engine for longer
period is the rpm where blower cuts off. We take another 2
rpm for fluctuations.

So the economical speed is the rpm where blower cuts off + 2

rpm for fluctuation.

2. What is your understanding of Max Speed? Is it maximum RPM or Maximum Load.

Max speed is max RPM and max load can occur at much slower speed.e.g during bad
weather

3. In case of heavy weather at sea, what precaution you will take with ME; if running
at full speed.

Reduce rpm as per load fluctuations, rough weather mode, ME sump oil check

4. What is Specific Cyl Oil consumption? How much you maintain normally?
g/bhp-hr mass of cylinder oil consumed per bhp (power) in one hr

5. How do you record ME performance?

Calm weather, increase to full Rpm slowly, prepare draw cards, prepare bottles for
stuffing box drain, watch all parameters closely, after attaining full speed allow some
time for engine to settle down, before start inform bridge to measure distance along
with the weather conditions, start performance with all flowmeter taken and stuffing
box drain bottles ready, take all parameters as per performance sheet, take draw
 LAUREL SHIP MANAGEMENT PTE LTD.
1 Temasek Avenue, #23-01, Millenia Tower, Singapore, 039192
Tel : +65-6430-3580 Fax : +65-6336-4561

cards, after one hour again take flowmeters and stop stuffing box drain.

6. How do you calculate ME Fuel consumption?

Flomwter gives volume X density with temperature correction

7. How do you plan for ME Unit Overhaul?

8. Various sources of water ingress in ME system lube oil

Leakages from cylinder cooling water system.
Leakages from piston cooling water system (for water cooled pistons).
LO cooler water leakages (can be seawater or freshwater).
Leakages from sump tank heating coils.
Condensation of water vapour inside crankcase.

9. What are reasons for ME Jacket water pressure fluctuation

Jacket water pump, exh valve seat oring, cylinder head crack, liner crack.

10. Precautions and checks while overhauling ME stuffing box.

 LAUREL SHIP MANAGEMENT PTE LTD.
1 Temasek Avenue, #23-01, Millenia Tower, Singapore, 039192
Tel : +65-6430-3580 Fax : +65-6336-4561

11. What is slide type fuel valve?

12. ME Unit cut-off procedure in Main engine of last ship.

13. Max deviation allowed in P (max) in ME.

3%
14. ME cylinder oil feed rate vs Sulphur% - criteria
High TBN & low TBN
15. If ME system oil consumption is high what all to check.

Stuffing box check stuffing box drain tank level

Purifier leakage check rise in sludge tank
Blowpast , crankcase pressurized, check from crankcase breather
Through cooler
 LAUREL SHIP MANAGEMENT PTE LTD.
1 Temasek Avenue, #23-01, Millenia Tower, Singapore, 039192
Tel : +65-6430-3580 Fax : +65-6336-4561

16. Significance of tell-tale hole provided between the two o-rings of Jacket cooling water
system.

Suggests the leakage between port seal and plate seal. Either of one is leaking.
Which creates the danger of mixing of jacket water with sea water.

17. Reasons for M/E exhaust valve closing too slow.

Spring air related

18. Reasons for bad combustion in ME.

Filter;fuel pressure;Fuel injector; exhaust valve; poor quality fuel

19. If ME air cooler tube leaking what will you do?

1. Reduce engine speed and air temperature before turbocharger to be less than 65C
2. Cut off the cooling water and remove end covers
3. Cover one end of tubes completely with a thick sheet of jointing. Apply soap water
at the other end.
4. Leaking tube will give off bubbles.
5. Plug the leaking tube with wooden plugs or copper tapered plugs.
Another method of finding a leaking tube/ tubes would be to stop engine and remove end
covers. Several wooden plugs can be fitted in a row on one end of the tube plate. The
other end to be pressurized with water and checked for leaks. This process can be
accomplished for all the tubes. The leaking tube can later be plugged.

20. ME Scavenge inspection- imp areas to check?

Piston top land for leakages of water and oil

Piston skirt bolts locking
Condition of liner
Cylinder lubrication
Condition of piston ring
Piston rings butt clearance
Sludge amount and drain pipe
Aux blower flaps, relief valve and thermometer and pyrometer probes.
General condition.

21. ME critical spares ROB- name few items?

Main bearings Main bearings or shells for one bearing of each size and type fitted, complete with shims, bolts
and nuts
1
Main thrust block Pads for one face of tilting type thrust block, or 1 set
Complete with metal thrust shoe of solid ring type, or 1
Inner and outer race with rollers, where roller thrust bearings are fitted 1
Cylinder liner Cylinder liner, complete with joint rings and gaskets 1
Cylinder cover Cylinder cover, complete with valves, joint rings, gaskets and rocker arms with brackets. For
engines without covers, the respective valves for one cylinder unit
1
Cylinder cover bolts and nuts, for one cylinder 1/2 set
Cylinder valves- Exhaust valves, complete with casings, seats, springs and other fittings for one cylinder 2 sets
Air inlet valve, complete with casings, seats, springs and other fittings for one cylinder 1 set
Starting air valve, complete with casing, seat, spring and other fittings 1
Cylinder overpressure sentinel valve, complete 1
Fuel valves of each size and type fitted, complete with all fittings, for one engine 1 set 2)
Connecting rod bearings
Bottom end bearings or shells of each size and type fitted, complete with shims, bolts and
nuts, for one cylinder
1 set
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1 Temasek Avenue, #23-01, Millenia Tower, Singapore, 039192
Tel : +65-6430-3580 Fax : +65-6336-4561

Top end bearings or shells of each size and type fitted, complete with shims, bolts and nuts,
for one cylinder
1 set
Pistons Crosshead type: Piston of each type fitted, complete with piston rod, stuffing box, skirt,
rings, studs and nuts
1
Trunk piston type: Piston of each type fitted, complete with skirt, rings, studs, nuts, gudgeon
pin and connecting rod
1
Piston rings Piston rings, for one cylinder 1 set
Piston cooling Telescopic cooling pipes and fittings or their equivalent, for one cylinder unit 1 set
Cylinder lubricators Lubricator, complete, of the largest size, with its chain drive or gear wheels 1
Fuel injection pumps Fuel pump complete or, when replacement at sea is practicable, a complete set of working
parts for one pump (plunger, sleeve, valves, springs, etc.)
1
Fuel injection piping High pressure fuel pipe of each size and shape fitted, complete with couplings 1
Scavenge blowers
(including turbochargers)
Rotors, rotor shafts, bearings, nozzle rings and gear wheels or equivalent working parts if other
types
1 set 3)
Scavenging system Suction and delivery valves for one pump of each type fitted 1 set
Reduction and/or reverse
gear
Complete bearing bush, of each size fitted in the gear case assembly 1 set
Roller or ball race, of each size fitted in the gear case assembly 1 set
Main engine driven
air compressors
Piston rings of each size fitted 1 set
Suction and delivery valves complete of each size fitted 1/2 set
Gaskets and packing Special gaskets and packing of each size and type fitted for cylinder covers and cylinder liners
for one cylinder
-
1) In

22. Name few alarms, which can cause ME Shut down, & causes of same.

Different Shut down Situations

Lube oil inlet pressure to engine is very low <1 bar

Cam shaft Lube oil pressure is very low < 1.5 bar

Very high Jacket cooling water temperature >95 deg C

Low Jacket cooling water pressure < 0.1 bar

No flow of Cylinder lube oil

Thrust block temperature very high > 90 deg C

Lube oil inlet pressure for turbocharger is low < 0.8 bar

Over speed of the engine which activates shut down at 107 % of Max. continuous
rating MCR

23. Name few alarms, which can cause ME slow down, & causes of same.
 LAUREL SHIP MANAGEMENT PTE LTD.
1 Temasek Avenue, #23-01, Millenia Tower, Singapore, 039192
Tel : +65-6430-3580 Fax : +65-6336-4561

Different Engine Slow Down Situations

In this situation the main engine will come to dead slow RPM i.e. below 30 RPM as the
slow down protection gets activated. Following are different slow down situation for
main engine:

Lube oil pressure falls to 1.5 bar

Cam shaft pressure falls below 2 bar

There is no flow of piston cooling media (water or oil)

Oil mist detector or Main bearing sensors has been activated

Lube oil temperature at the inlet of engine is high > 60 deg C

Piston Cooling temperature is high > 75 deg C

Jacket water Temperature is high > 88 deg c

Engine cylinder exhaust temperature is high > 450 deg C

Scavenge air temperature is high > 65 deg C

Thrust block temperature is high > 75 deg C

Low flow of Cylinder lube oil

Control air pressure is low < 5.5 bar

24. ME slow down due to oil mist detector alarm, what are the checks to be done?

25. If ME main bearing overhaul is reqd, how will you plan for it. Important areas to
check.

26. What all precautions to put in place and things to check in ME LO to protect
proportional valves of FIVA being getting damage as same very sensitive.

Generator Engine:

1. What is maximum load you must maintain on GE running on Fuel oil?

Avoid running on low load, AE should run at a load as high as possible. Atleast 50%
load to be maintained. Prefeerably 60-70% load.

2. What is procedure for starting and stopping of GE that you will implement on your
vessels?
Prelube; manual mode ; open indicator cock; blow through and close indicator cock.
Start engine, check pameters and leakage; if found ok then wait for the engine to
warm up; then take it on load; changeover to HFO after some time.
Change over to D.O @ stopping and starting. Let engine cool down / warm up.
When exhaust temperature stabilizes.
 LAUREL SHIP MANAGEMENT PTE LTD.
1 Temasek Avenue, #23-01, Millenia Tower, Singapore, 039192
Tel : +65-6430-3580 Fax : +65-6336-4561

3. Max deviation allowed in P (max) in GE.

3%
4. What is significance of Crank-web deflection

Over a period of time as the engine keeps running, the wear in the bearings may not be uniform across
the entire length of the crankshaft. This means that the crankshaft will not remain in the initial straight line
but will get bent either upward or downwards to a slight degree which may not be visible with the naked
eye but could be sufficient to cause dangerous levels of fatigue in the crank-webs. Hence there is the
requirement of measuring crankshaft deflections at regular intervals to ensure that the alignment of the
shaft is within permitted limits and these deflections can be measured as described in the next section.

5. After decarb of a diesel generator, it was found fly wheel is not turning reasons.

Check indicator cock is open, priming pump should run before starting to rotate
flywheel,
Con rod bottom end bearing check for freeness. Piston ring can be stuck in liner
6. Checks to be carried out before planning decarbonisation of GEs.

D'carb preparation
Make sure the all stand by auxiliary engines are ready
Keep all the special tools and other tools ready
Go through the previous records/manual for clearance and adjustments
Put the display card "MEN AT WORK", "DON'T START"
Close air bottle valve to auxiliary engine and engine start and stop valve
See that the turning bar is not in the flywheel and should be in place
Open the indicator cocks
If the main bearing is to be removed, check crank shaft deflections
Close lube oil, fuel oil, fresh water inlet/outlet valve, drain the cooling water line and
remove connections

7. Bad colour of exhaust gas white, black checks to be carried out.

Black incomplete combustion --- fuel system or turbocharger

White water in fuel or raw fuel

8. How do you plan for GE Overhaul?

9. When GE Overhaul is being carried out, what is most crucial time you must be
standby to observer assembling?

During putting piston and conrod into the liner.piston insertion tool is used. Piston
ring butts are staggered. Liner is well lubricated. crankpin is cleaned and bottom end
bearing is tightened in correct sequence as per manual.

10. Criteria of rejecting connecting rod in GE decarb?

11. GE turbocharger overhaul, important checks to be done.

 LAUREL SHIP MANAGEMENT PTE LTD.
1 Temasek Avenue, #23-01, Millenia Tower, Singapore, 039192
Tel : +65-6430-3580 Fax : +65-6336-4561

12. GE LO shore analysis report. What are important values to check?

Auxiliary Machinery:
1. How to optimize purifier efficiency to separate water from oil.
2. How to prevent purifiers from overflowing while using high density fuel.
3. How to select Gravity disc for purifiers.
4. How to run purifiers in clarifier mode.
5. Reasons for oil carry over with control air.

Air bottle not drained properly, Control air drier malfunction,

6. Deck crane Rocking test procedure.

7. Precautions and necessary steps to be taken to burn fuel with high cat-fines and iron
content.
8. Bumping clearance in Main Air compressor.
9. Precautions while changing over ME from HFO to LSMGO.
10. What is flash point.
11. What do you mean by bursting disc in the engine and explain the purpose of same.
12. Boiler gauge glass blow down procedure.
13. What is the different between gate valve and globe valve.
14. What can be the reason for Hydrophore pump running continuously.
15. If oil is observed in cascade tank, what action needs to be taken.
Check F.O or L.O then respective cooler in use to be opened up and checked for leak.
16. Incinerator high furnace pressure alarm --- Action to be taken.
17. Procedure to start deck machineries Windlass, Winches , Cranes during very cold
climate.
18. In open circuit fault & short circuit fault how much will be insulation resistance.
19. If emergency generator not starting on auto during black out test reasons.
20. Bunkering Cappuccino bunker, informing charterers for short supply of bunker
before signing BDN, Letter of protest, Soundings after bunkering and departure of
vessel, Soundings of FO tanks before reaching port.
21. Air compressors, how to check performance? (P2-p1)/Patm X V/T
22. Air compressor system oil consumption is high, reasons for same?

This can be caused by an oil return line that is too small or partially plugged. It will
flood the crankcase of the compressor with oil and then the oil will come up past
the rings and out the compressor discharge port.

A dirty intake filter or restricted intake will cause the compressor to try and draw air
up from the crankcase because it can't get enough air threw the intake to
adequately supply the compressor. This creates a vacuum in the intake and you will
see the intake wet with oil when this occurs.

High crankcase pressure caused from engine blow by will push oil up pasted the
rings while the compressor is in the unloading cycle an indication of this happe ning
is also oil in the intake. There is an intake check value that will solve this problem
and the problem of an intake vacuum created by the turbo. The part number for the
one check value is SN3711aJ. W hat it does is it will hold 4 or 5 pounds of air
pressure in the compressor cylinders while the compressor is in its unloading cycle,
it pumps this air from one cylinder to the other, preventing any oil from coming up
past the rings. It also holds the check value closed during the unloading cycle,
 LAUREL SHIP MANAGEMENT PTE LTD.
1 Temasek Avenue, #23-01, Millenia Tower, Singapore, 039192
Tel : +65-6430-3580 Fax : +65-6336-4561

which prevents any intake vacuum from drawing oil up past the rings during the
unloading cycle. Any compressor that is pumping oil will not pump it out the intake
while it is working because the intake values are closed during the compression
stroke and the compressed air goes out the discharged port.

All air compressors use a certain amount of oil. This oil is discharged out the
compressor discharge line, where it may collect and, along with the high
discharge temperature, gradually turn to carbon. This is why it is recommended
that you change the discharge line when you replace a compressor.

23. Aux boiler water salinity is increasing. Steps to be taken to find-out cause & rectify
same.
24. Aux boiler survey during DD, how will you plan for same?

Boiler Inspection or Survey Carried Out at Regular Intervals

The boiler is vital equipment on ships. It is used as main propulsion (in steam ships) and for
auxiliary heating in other ships. It is very sensitive and dangerous equipment, where there
should be regular inspections and surveys carried out to avoid accidents and outages.

Boiler Inspection
Introduction

Normally boiler inspection will be carried out onboard the ship by a port state control and
during the dry dock. They are used to carry out the inspection and see the working condition of
the boiler. During the inspection they will conduct an in-depth analysis of the boiler condition
considering various factors to find the working condition of the boiler. If necessary they will
replace damaged parts of the boiler needed for continued safe operation.

Need For Boiler Survey or Inspection

Boilers are inspected to maintain the Class requirement.
Regular internal inspection and external examination during such survey constitute the
preventive maintenance schedule the boiler goes through to have a safe working condition.
Frequency of Boiler Survey
Water tube high pressure boilers are surveyed at two year intervals.
All other boilers, including exhaust gas boilers, are surveyed at two yearly intervals until they
are eight years old and then surveyed annually.
Planning for Boiler Survey
Confirm time available, manpower, and time required.
Check before shutting down boiler.
Check for spares e.g. manhole door joints, gauge glass, packing and steam joints.
Check the tools required e.g. gagging tool, torque spanner, rope, chain block etc.
Check manual for special instruction and past records.
Steam requirement for the next port should be considered e.g. Tankers require steam in
discharged Port.
Briefing to other engineers of work involved.
Planning for Inspection
Shutting Down the Boiler for Inspection
Before inspection is to be carried out, the boiler which is firing should be shut down. These are
the steps to be followed before shutting down the boiler for inspection.

Inform the chief engineer and inform the duty officer in the bridge.
Change over M/E, A/E, and Boiler to diesel oil.
Top up diesel oil service tank, stop heavy oil and lube oil purifiers.
Stop all tank and tracing steam heating and carry out soot blowing.
Change over from automation to manual firing of boiler.
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1 Temasek Avenue, #23-01, Millenia Tower, Singapore, 039192
Tel : +65-6430-3580 Fax : +65-6336-4561

Stop the firing of the boiler and purge boiler for three to five minutes.
Switch off power and off the circuit breaker for forced draught fan, FO pump, feed pump, and
combustion control panel. Hang necessary notices.
Shut main steam-stop valve and shut all fuel valves to boiler.
Let the boiler cool down, do not blow down now.
When the boiler pressure is about 4 bars, carry out blow down.
When boiler pressure is slightly higher than atmospheric pressure, open the vent cock to
prevent formation of vacuum.
Let the boiler cool down.
Once sufficient cooled, open top manhole door first with all safety precaution.
Mark the nut on the top manhole, slacken the dog-nut, and secure it with a rope.
Knock the manhole door gently, but do not open it as it may contain steam or hot water.
Conform nothing coming out; open the door fully with the help of securing rope.
Do not open immediately open the bottom door, since the boiler is still hot and if opened
relatively cool current of air will pass through the boiler causing a thermal shock.
Allow further cool down before opening bottom manhole door.
Open the bottom manhole door with the same precautions and open the furnace side door also.
Ventilate foe period of 12 to 24 hours.
Then check for oxygen, flammable vapor, and toxic gasses.
If it is safe, prepare for entry.

Shutting Down Boiler

shutting down the boilerboiler shutting down
Prepation Before Entry
Prepration before entryEntry
Preparation for Entry
These are the steps to be carried out before entering the boiler for inspection.

Prepare a long rope, wooden plank oxygen analyzer, safety hand lamp, and safety torch
attached with rope.
Get a pouch to carry tools and keep track of the number of tools to be brought into boiler.
Personnel safety protection wear, e.g. helmet, safety shoes, hand gloves, etc.
No extra instruments to be brought in and clear pocket contents as it may fall into boiler.
Keep an emergency breathing apparatus ready.
Remain in communication and ensure proper lighting.
Check boiler internals before making an entry, e.g. foothold and handhold.

INSPECTION CARRIED OUT IN MARINE BOILERS

In this series let us discuss about the inspection or survey carried out in the marine boiler at
regular interval, along with the scope of inspection. The inspection on the marine boiler parts
are carried out starting from the Furnace, Economizer, Boiler Mountings and finally on boiler
superheaters.
Boiler Inspection or Survey Carried Out at Regular Intervals
Boiler Inspection in Furnace
Inspection Carried Out In Boiler Economizer
Inspection of Boiler Mountings
Inspection Carried Out In Boiler Superheater and in Steam Drum

25. FWG production has dropped. How to investigate & rectify?

26. Meat room temp has dropped. How will you investigate & rectify?
27. How will you plan for black-out test?
28. MSB preferential tripping, causes for same.
29. LO filter cleaning procedure especially for the filters where fluid flow is from inside to
outside.
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1 Temasek Avenue, #23-01, Millenia Tower, Singapore, 039192
Tel : +65-6430-3580 Fax : +65-6336-4561

MO / UMS OPERATION:
1. For vessels during MO Operation, how do you ensure that MO guidelines are strictly
implemented?
2. How many times log books are filled when vessel is on MO operation mode.
3. During bad weather condition, what is done for MO operation?
 LAUREL SHIP MANAGEMENT PTE LTD.
1 Temasek Avenue, #23-01, Millenia Tower, Singapore, 039192
Tel : +65-6430-3580 Fax : +65-6336-4561

BUNKERING:
1. How do you plan for receiving Bunkers?
2. What precautions you taken during Bunkering? And during topping up of any tank?
3. What do you see in BDN?

MARPOL Annex VI requires that the following information be included in the bunker delivery note
provided to the receiving ship:

Name and IMO number of receiving ship

Port
Date of commencement of delivery
Name, address and telephone number of marine fuel oil supplier
Product name(s)
Quantity (metric tons)
Density at 15C (kg/m3)*
Sulphur content (% m/m)**
A declaration signed and certified by the fuel oil supplier's representative that the fuel oil supplied is
in conformity with regulation 14(1) or (4)(a) and regulation 18(1) of this Annex.

* Fuel oil should be tested in accordance with ISO 3675 or ISO 12185
** Fuel oil should be tested in accordance with ISO 8754

4. What do you see in FUEL OIL Analysis report? What are main concern points in
BUNKER is within spec but some items are in dangerous levels?
5. After receiving Bunker analysis report, how do you plan for consumption of bunkers
and what do you advise the ships crew?
6. How do you ensure that there is no major difference ship log book and actual ROB on
board wrt BUNKER quantity?
7. Bunkering procedure and guidelines.

Documentation:
1. Malfunction of OWS entry in ORB.
2. What is NOx file.
3. What is PSCMS file.
4. What is ESP file.
5. What is CMS.
6. ME power calculation.
7. Precautions and preparations before bunkering
8. LO sampling procedure
9. Relation between KW and Ps.
10. What is PMS system and what all is done in same stock updating, job update, raising
req.
11. What is ISM code
12. ORB entries. How to verify correct entries are made ?
13. ECA zone entry & exit documentation reqd in log books & ORB.
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1 Temasek Avenue, #23-01, Millenia Tower, Singapore, 039192
Tel : +65-6430-3580 Fax : +65-6336-4561

PSC:

1. What all to check in preparation for strict port state inspections like USCG and
AMSA.
2. How do you plan preparation for PSC?
3. How do you monitor the preparation?

ECA and other regulation:

1. S% of FO to be used in SECA areas.

2. S% of FO to be used in Hongkong in GE and Boiler
3. Is use of incinerator allowed in ports and anchorage.
4. Is plastics permitted to be burn in incinerator.
5. Checks for Sewage treatment plant before entering port.
6. Cooking oil disposal and recording.
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1 Temasek Avenue, #23-01, Millenia Tower, Singapore, 039192
Tel : +65-6430-3580 Fax : +65-6336-4561

PSC:
1. What will you of OWS 15 PPM unit starts to malfunction?
2. What will you do if incinerator starts to malfunction?

PMS:
1. After joining vessel, how will you check if PMS is maintained or not?
2. How do you ensure PMS is working well on board?
3. How do you monitor that all ships crew (officers) are regularly recording work done
in PMS.
4. How do you monitor is entering records for spare parts consumed.

OTHERS:
1. How does CE start his daily work routine and what all area is checked / covered?
2. In case of different instructions from charterers and manages, whose instructions to
be followed.
3. What all is discussed in tool box meeting.
4. Is risk assessment done for the jobs to be carried out. Are there any company
guidelines for same? How is risk assessment done? Do you have any template?
5. Whether Imp machinery overhauling and backwash filter of FO, LO, HPS cleaning
is supervised by CE and 2E.

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