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57
Nguyn B Ngc v Phm Minh Thu, Vin Khoa hc Lao ng v X hi, Nng sut lao ng Vit Nam -
Nhn t gc c cu lao ng v k nng, dn theo
https://www.google.com.vn/#q=C%C6%A1+c%E1%BA%A5u+lao+%C4%91%E1%BB%99ng+theo+ng%C3%
A0nh+%E1%BB%9F+VN&start=0.
58
Mc d trong giai on 2002-2007, nng sut lao ng Vit Nam tng trung bnh 5,2% mi nm, nhng k t
cuc khng hong kinh t ti chnh ton cu nm 2008, tc tng nng sut trung bnh hng nm ca Vit Nam
chm li, ch cn 3,3%.
59
Nguyn B Ngc v Phm Minh Thu, Vin Khoa hc Lao ng v X hi, Nng sut lao ng Vit Nam -
Nhn t gc c cu lao ng v k nng, dn .
60
Theo B Lao ng, Thng binh v X hi, lao ng qua o to (gm c dy ngh chnh quy v thng xuyn,
phi chnh quy, dy ngh di 3 thng v dy ngh ti doanh nghip) chim khong 38% tng lc lng lao ng.
ca Vit Nam s tng ln 14,5% (tc khong 7,5 triu) vo nm 2025. Trong , c hi
vic lm s gia tng mnh m nhng ngnh nh sn xut go, xy dng, vn ti, dt
may, da giy v ch bin lng thc. Trong giai on 2010 - 2025, nhu cu i vi vic
lm cn tay ngh trung bnh s tng nhanh nht, mc 28%; lao ng c trnh k
nng thp l 23%, lao ng c k nng cao s tng 13% v s c thm nhiu c hi ci
thin cuc sng ca hng triu ngi.
Th hai, lao ng khng c k nng s khng c di chuyn t do trong AEC,
cho nn quy nh v di chuyn t do lao ng lnh ngh gia cc nc ASEAN to ra
mt phn khc th trng lao ng kh hp v c s sng lc ng k i vi lao ng
di chuyn. Vi quy nh ny, lao ng thiu k nng t c c hi tm vic lm cc
nc ASEAN v y l p lc buc phi i mi qu trnh o to ngh, trang b k
nng cng nh i mi h thng gio dc, o to theo ng yu cu ca th trng lao
ng ASEAN. Trong di hn, chc chn c s chuyn dch ln trong c cu lc lng
lao ng, c bit l kh nng gia tng t trng lao ng qua o to ca cc nc
ASEAN.
Th ba, li ch m cc quc gia thu c t vic di chuyn ny s gia tng rt
ln v lao ng c k nng cnh tranh, to kh nng nng cao nng sut lao ng, ci
thin ng k cht lng cng vic cng nh lm gim chi ph lao ng tay ngh cao.
Th t, vic gia nhp AEC to ra mt p lc i vi cc nc thnh vin trong
vic hon thin th ch, iu chnh chnh sch, quy nh cng nh cc o lut khc
thch nghi, ng b vi quy nh v lao ng ca cc nc khc trong ASEAN. c
bit, nhng yu cu v ngun nhn lc cht lng cao trong ASEAN cng khng nh
y l khu t ph chin lc ca Vit Nam nhm tp trung nhiu ngun lc hn.
i vi ngi lao ng, nh AEC, trong bi cnh mt th trng chung, ngi
lao ng Vit Nam khng nhng c nhiu c hi ngh nghip trong nc m cn m
rng ra cc th trng khu vc. Ngi lao ng c c hi tng tc v nng cao kinh
nghim, k nng chuyn ngnh cc nc tin tin trong khu vc. Ngi lao ng Vit
Nam s c c st khi lm vic nhiu ni, lm tng tnh linh hot, kh nng thch
ng vi mi trng lm vic a vn ha - vn d l mt im cha mnh ca lao ng
Vit Nam.
i vi ngi s dng lao ng, c hi tuyn dng lao ng cht lng cao cng
gia tng khi th trng lao ng c m ra trong khi ASEAN, ngi lao ng khng
cn b hn ch di chuyn bi ro cn bin gii quc gia.
61
Theo nh gi chung, ch c 20% lc lng lao ng Vit Nam c k nng, b phn ny s dch chuyn nhiu
sang khu vc FDI hoc sang cc nc ASEAN khc. Ngc li, mt b phn lao ng c k nng t nc ngoi s
vo Vit Nam. Tnh cnh tranh nhn lc r nt hn, v mt no s to s nghit ng i vi cung cu th trng
lao ng
62
Thc trng ny c thng thn ch ra ti Hi ngh Trung ng 8 (kha XI): Cht lng gio dc nhn
chung thp, nht l gio dc i hc v gio dc ngh nghip, cha thc s p ng yu cu s dng nhn lc
v nhu cu ca ngi hc, cha theo kp s chuyn bin ca t nc trong thi k cng nghip ho, hin i ho
v hi nhp quc t, l mt trong nhng nguyn nhn lm hn ch cht lng ngun nhn lc ca t nc.
Cha gii quyt tt mi quan h gia s lng v cht lng, gia dy ch vi dy ngi, dy ngh,
AEC hnh thnh vo cui nm 2015 chnh l thch thc v cng l c hi cho
ngi lao ng c vic lm tt hn hoc mt vic lm. Ngi lao ng Vit Nam cn
tp trung gii quyt v chun b cc iu kin khc ngoi k nng chuyn mn l:
phi ph v ro cn ngn ng, dng ngn ng chung trong AEC (ting Anh); phi lm
vic theo nhm, on kt li; cc quyt nh khng nn da trn cm tnh, kinh nghim
m phi c da vo cc con s, logic; phi chun b kin thc, k nng v thi
cng nh trng thi tm l sn sng di chuyn sang lm vic ti cc nc ASEAN;
phi sn sng thch ng vi mi trng lm vic mi; phi coi trng k lut lao ng,
thc tun th php lut cng nh cng lao ng cao.
TI LIU THAM KHO
1. Ng Tun Anh, ng Trn c Hip (2014), Cng ng kinh t ASEAN 2015: Thch
thc v trin vng i vi Vit Nam, Tp ch Ti chnh s 12 (2014).
2. ASEAN Secretariat (2014). Thinking Globally, Prospering Regionally ASEAN
Economic Community 2015, dn theo
http://www.asean.org/images/resources/2014/May/AECKeyMessagesBooklet_FINAL
30Apr2014.pdf
3. C hi v thch thc ca ngun nhn lc khi Vit Nam khi gia nhp AEC, dn theo
http://jobs.mtalent.com.vn/news/co-hoi-va-thach-thuc-cua-nguon-nhan-luc-khi-viet-
nam-khi-gia-nhap-aec.35a51e23/en .
4. Don Mu Dip, Cng ng kinh t ASEAN: Nhiu c hi cho lao ng Vit Nam, dn
theo http://dangcongsan.vn/thoi-su/-cong-dong-kinh-te-asean-nhieu-co-hoi-cho-lao-
dong-viet-nam-369078.html.
5. Mai an (2016), Cng ng kinh t ASEAN: Lao ng c tay ngh, tho ting Anh s
't khch', ngy 13/01, Thi bo Ti chnh Onlines, dn theo
http://thoibaotaichinhvietnam.vn/pages/xa-hoi/2016-01-13/cong-dong-kinh-te-asean-
lao-dong-co-tay-nghe-thao-tieng-anh-se-dat-khach-27846.aspx
6. ILO (2014), Bo co Cng ng ASEAN 2015: Qun l hi nhp hng ti vic lm
tt hn v thnh vng chung, truy cp [www.ilo.org/asia].
7. Nguyn Thng Lng, Trn c Thng, nh gi ngun nhn lc Vit Nam khi tham
gia AEC, Tp ch Ti chnh, dn theo http://www.trungtamwto.vn/aec/danh-gia-nguon-
nhan-luc-viet-nam-khi-tham-gia-aec-0
8. Lao ng, M ca th trng lao ng ASEAN 2015: C hi song hnh thch thc!,
dn theo http://laodong.com.vn/viec-lam/mo-cua-thi-truong-lao-dong-asean-2015-co-
hoi-song-hanh-thach-thuc-245204.bld.
9. Ngc L (2015), Cng ng kinh t ASEAN v thch thc ngun nhn lc,PetroTimes,
ngy 08/09/2015, dn theo http://www.baomoi.com/cong-dong-kinh-te-asean-va-thach-
thuc-nguon-nhan-luc/c/17446376.epi
10. Mahani Z, Loh G, Nor I (2012). Achieving the ASEAN Economic Community 2015:
Challenges for Member Countries and Businesses, ISEAS Publishing 2012, Singapore.
11. Phm Bnh Minh (2015), C hi AEC rt ln, nu bit tn dng, Thng tn x Vit
Nam, truy cp t http://www.vietnamplus.vn/pho-thu-tuong-pham-binh-minh-co-hoi-
aec-rat-lon-neu-biet-tan-dung/364252.vnp
12. Nguyn B Ngc v Phm Minh Thu, Vin Khoa hc Lao ng v X hi, Nng sut
lao ng Vit Nam - Nhn t gc c cu lao ng v k nng, dn theo
https://www.google.com.vn/#q=C%C6%A1+c%E1%BA%A5u+lao+%C4%91%E1%
BB%99ng+theo+ng%C3%A0nh+%E1%BB%9F+VN&start=0.
13. Hong Th Thanh Nhn, V Xun Vinh (2013), Hin thc ha cng ng ASEAN:
Thun li v tr ngi, Tp ch khoa hc HQGHN, Kinh t v Kinh doanh, Tp 29, s
4 (2013), trang 12-23.
14. Nguyn Thu Phng, AEC - c hi nng cht lng ngun nhn lc, Kinh t th,
ngy 05/03/2016, dn theo http://www.kinhtedothi.vn/kinh-te/tin-
tuc/2016/03/8103279f/aec-co-hoi-nang-chat-luong-nguon-nhan-luc/
15. Tp ch Kinh t Chu Thi Bnh Dng, s 447, thng 6/2015, dn theo
http://khoakinhte.vinhuni.edu.vn/nghien-cuu-khoa-hoc/seo/giai-phap-thuc-day-kha-
nang-canh-tranh-nhan-luc-viet-nam-trong-cong-dong-asean-56957
16. Nguyn Quang Thi (2015), Nhng khong cch ln cn kin tr san lp, dn theo
http://baochinhphu.vn/Chinh-sach-va-cuoc-song/Nhung-khoang-cach-lon-can-kien-tri-
san-lap/244440.vgp
17. Nguyn c Thnh (2014), Vit Nam v AEC 2015, Thi bo Kinh t Si Gn.
18. Mc Vn Tin, C hi v thch thc i vi lao ng Vit Nam khi gia nhp Cng ng
kinh t ASEAN, Tp ch Nghin cu khoa hc dy ngh, dn theo
http://www.hvct.edu.vn/co-hoi-va-thach-thuc-doi-voi-lao-dong-viet-nam-khi-gia-
nhap-cong-dong-kinh-te-asean.aspx?tabid=466&a=2050
19. Tng cc Thng k (2015). Nin gim Thng k 2014, Nxb. Thng k, H Ni.
20. Lin Trang (2015). Cnh ca AEC chnh thc m ra, truy cp t
http://kinhtevadubao.vn/chi-tiet/197-4956-canh-cua-aec-da-chinh-thuc-mo-ra.html
21. Trung tm WTO VCCI Vit Nam (2014). Tm lc Cng ng Kinh t ASEAN (AEC).