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This complex of ancient monuments includes the three pyramid complexes known as the
Great Pyramids, the massive sculpture known as the Great Sphinx, several
cemeteries, a workers' village and an industrial complex. It is located in the
Libyan Desert, approximately 9 km (5 mi) west of the Nile river at the old town of
Giza, and about 13 km (8 mi) southwest of Cairo city centre.
The pyramids, which have historically loomed large as emblems of ancient Egypt in
the Western imagination,[1][2] were popularised in Hellenistic times, when the
Great Pyramid was listed by Antipater of Sidon as one of the Seven Wonders of the
World. It is by far the oldest of the ancient Wonders and the only one still in
existence.
Contents [hide]
1 Pyramids and Sphinx
1.1 Khufu's pyramid complex
1.2 Khafre's pyramid complex
1.3 Menkaure's pyramid complex
1.4 Sphinx
1.5 Tomb of Queen Khentkaus I
2 Construction
2.1 Purpose
3 Workers' village
4 Cemeteries
4.1 West Field
4.2 East Field
4.3 Cemetery GIS
4.4 Central Field
4.5 South Field
4.6 Tombs of the pyramid builders
5 New Kingdom
6 Late Period
7 Astronomy
8 See also
9 References
10 External links
Pyramids and Sphinx
Views, Objects Egypt. Gizeh [selected images]. View 05 Sphinx and Pyramids., n.d.,
New York. Brooklyn Museum Archives
Aerial view from north of cultivated Nile valley with the pyramids in the
background
The Great Sphinx partially excavated, photo taken between 1867 and 1899
Auguste Mariette (seated, far left) and Pedro II of Brazil (seated, far right) with
others during the Emperor's visit to the Giza pyramid complex at the end of 1871
The Pyramids of Giza consist of the Great Pyramid of Giza (also known as the
Pyramid of Cheops or Khufu and constructed c. 25602540 BC), the somewhat smaller
Pyramid of Khafre (or Chephren) a few hundred meters to the south-west, and the
relatively modest-sized Pyramid of Menkaure (or Mykerinos) a few hundred meters
farther south-west. The Great Sphinx lies on the east side of the complex. Current
consensus among Egyptologists is that the head of the Great Sphinx is that of
Khafre. Along with these major monuments are a number of smaller satellite
edifices, known as queens pyramids, causeways and valley pyramids.[3]
Sphinx
Main article Great Sphinx of Giza
The Sphinx dates from the reign of king Khafre.[7] During the New Kingdom,
Amenhotep II dedicated a new temple to