CSC-101 Line Distance Protection IED Technical Application Manual

CSC-101 Line Distance
Protection IED
Technical Manual
VersionV1.00
Doc. CodeF0SF.451.089(E)
Issued Date2010.09
Copyright owner: Beijing Sifang Automation Co., Ltd
Note: the company keeps the right to perfect the instruction. If equipments do not agree with
the instruction at anywhere, please contact our company in time. We will provide you with
corresponding service.

is registered trademark of Beijing Sifang Automation Co., Ltd.
We reserve all rights to this document, even in the event that a patent is issued and a different
commercial proprietary right is registered. Improper use, in particular reproduction and
dissemination to third parties, is not permitted.
This document has been carefully checked. If the user nevertheless detects any errors, he is
asked to notify us as soon as possible.
The data contained in this manual is intended solely for the IED description and is not to be
deemed to be a statement of guaranteed properties. In the interests of our customers, we
constantly seek to ensure that our products are developed to the latest technological standards
as a result; it is possible that there may be some differences between the hardware/software
product and this information product.
Manufacturer:
Beijing Sifang Automation Co., Ltd.
Tel: +86-10-62961515
Fax: +86-10-62981900
Internet: http://www.sf-auto.com
Add: No.9, Shangdi 4th Street, Haidian District, Beijing, P.R.C.100085
CSC-101 Line Distance Protection IED Technical Manual
Important notes
Restricted liability
Electrical equipment should be serviced and maintained only by qualified personnel.

No responsibility is assumed by SIFANG for any consequences arising out of the use
of this manual. This document is not intended as an instruction manual for untrained
persons.
Device operation
The user is responsible for checking that the rated characteristics of the device are
suitable for its application. The user is responsible for reading and following the
devices operating and installation instructions before attempting to commission or
maintain it. Failure to follow these instructions can affect device operation and
constitute a hazard for people and property.
Please use the testing instruments which comply with the relevant standards for test
and detection as well.
To prevent damage from equipment, dont hot-plug and hot-unplug any module of the
relay; touching the chips and components in printed circuit board is inhibited.
If any abnormity occurred in the IED or unusual maintenance needed, please

promptly contact with the agents or our service hotline.
Operation password
The operation password is: 8888, the system setup password is: 7777.
Protective grounding
The user is responsible for compliance with all the existing international and national
electrical codes concerning protective grounding of any device.
~I~
Safety instructions
Read these instructions carefully and look at the protective relay to become familiar
with the device before trying to install, operate, service or maintain it. The following
special messages may appear throughout this bulletin or on the IED to warn of
potential hazards or to call attention to information that clarifies or simplifies a
procedure.
Risk of electric shock
The addition of either symbol to a Danger or Warning safety label on

a device indicates that an electrical hazard exists, which will result in
death or personal injury if the instructions are not followed.
Safety alert
This is the safety alert symbol. It is used to alert you to potential

personal injury hazards and prompt you to consult the manual. Obey all
safety instructions that follow this symbol in the manual to avoid possible injury or
death.
Other safety messages and notes
DANGER
DANGER indicates an imminently hazardous situation which, if not avoided, will result
in death, serious injury or property damage.
WARNING
WARNING indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could
result in death, serious injury or property damage.
CAUTION
CAUTION indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could
result in minor or moderate injury or property damage.
NOTE
NOTE indicates matters need attention regarding a certain special application,
functions or characteristics of the HW/SW.
~ II ~
CONTENTS
IMPORTANT NOTES .........................................................................................................I
SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS ............................................................................................... II
1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 1
1.1 OVERVIEW .............................................................................................................. 1
1.2 FEATURES................................................................................................................ 1
2 TECHNICAL DATA .................................................................................................... 3
2.1 BASIC DATA ............................................................................................................. 3
2.2 BINARY INPUTS AND OUTPUTS ........................................................................ 4
2.3 PROTECTION FUNCTIONS ................................................................................. 4
2.4 STATION COMMUNICATION.............................................................................. 5
2.5 TYPE TESTS ACCORDING TO STANDARDS ................................................... 6
3 HARDWARE ................................................................................................................ 9
3.1 PRODUCT STRUCTURE ....................................................................................... 9
3.2 MODULES ARRANGEMENT ............................................................................. 10
3.3 TRANSFORMER INPUT MODULE ( TIM ) ..................................................... 10
3.4 CPU MODULE ( CPU ).......................................................................................... 10
3.5 COMMUNICATION MODULE ( COM )............................................................ 11
3.6 BINARY INPUT MODULE ( BIM ) ..................................................................... 11
3.7 BINARY OUTPUT MODULE ( BOM ) ............................................................... 11
3.8 POWER SUPPLY MODULE ( PSM ) .................................................................. 11
3.9 HUMAN-MACHINE INTERFACE ( HMI )........................................................ 12
4 PROTECTION FUNCTION ..................................................................................... 13
4.1 WHOLE STRUCTURE OF PROTECTION PROGRAM ................................. 13
4.2 THE PROTECTION BASIC ELEMENTS .......................................................... 13
4.3 SELF-TESTING FUNCTION AND OTHER CRITERIA ................................. 23
4.4 PILOT PROTECTION .......................................................................................... 31
4.5 THREE ZONES DISTANCE PROTECTION ..................................................... 35
4.6 DISTANCE PROTECTION LOGIC BLOCK..................................................... 38
4.7 DESCRIPTION OF ZERO-SEQUENCE FUNCTION ...................................... 40
4.8 ZERO-SEQUENCE PROTECTION LOGIC BLOCK ...................................... 42
4.9 STUB PROT LOGIC.............................................................................................. 46

5 SETTING AND CALCULATION ............................................................................ 48
5.1 SETTING SHEET .................................................................................................. 48
5.2 COMMUNICATION PARAMETERS ................................................................. 55
6 REPORTS ................................................................................................................... 57
6.1 OVERVIEW ............................................................................................................ 57
6.2 EVENT AND INITIATING REPORTS................................................................ 57
6.3 ALARM REPORT .................................................................................................. 58
6.4 OPERATION REPORTS ....................................................................................... 60
6.5 OUTPUT OF EVENT REPORT ........................................................................... 60
7 DISTURBANCE RECORD REPORT ..................................................................... 62
7.1 OVERVIEW ............................................................................................................ 62
7.2 DISTURBANCE RECORD REPORT OUTPUT ................................................ 62
7.3 DESCRIPTION OF TYPICAL DISTURBANCE RECORD REPORT ........... 62
8 OPERATION .............................................................................................................. 65
8.1 HUMAN-MACHINE INTERFACE ( HMI ) ....................................................... 65
8.2 MENU ...................................................................................................................... 67
9 INSTALLATION AND COMMISSIONING ........................................................... 72
9.1 UNPACKING AND CHECKING ......................................................................... 72
9.2 INSTALLATION .................................................................................................... 72
9.3 CHECKING BEFORE ENERGIZING ................................................................ 73
9.4 CHECKING AFTER ENERGIZING ................................................................... 75
9.5 CHECK VERSION OF SOFTWARE ................................................................... 78
9.6 CHECK PRINT FUNCTION ................................................................................ 78
9.7 CHECK BINARY INPUT ...................................................................................... 79
9.8 BINARY OUTPUTS TEST .................................................................................... 79
9.9 ANALOG CHANNEL CHECK ............................................................................ 81
9.10 PROTECTION SYSTEM TEST ....................................................................... 82
9.11 CHECKING BEFORE OPERATION .................................................................. 85
10 MAINTENANCE .................................................................................................... 87
10.1 ROUTINE CHECK............................................................................................. 88
10.2 PERIODICAL TEST .......................................................................................... 88
10.3 REPAIR INSTRUCTIONS ................................................................................. 88

10.4 OPERATION AFTER SOFTWARE UPDATING OR MODULE
REPLACING ..................................................................................................................... 89
10.5 OTHERS .............................................................................................................. 90
11 REAR TERMINALS OF IED ................................................................................ 92
11.1 WIRING DIAGRAM OF CURRENT AND VOLTAGE CIRCUITS................. 92
11.2 EXPLANATION OF CSC-101A TERMINALS ................................................... 92
12 TRANSPORTATION AND STORAGE ................................................................ 97
12.1 STORAGE ............................................................................................................ 97
12.2 TRANSPORTATION .......................................................................................... 97
13 ORDERING ............................................................................................................. 98
14 APPENDIX .............................................................................................................. 99
14.1 TERMINAL DIAGRAM .................................................................................... 99
14.2 CSC-101 IEC 61850 COMMUNICATION ..................................................... 100
1 Introduction
1.1 Overview
The CSC-101 line distance protection IED is used for the protection of overhead lines
and cables in all types of networks up to the highest voltage levels. It is suitable for
the protection of heavily loaded lines and multi- terminal lines where the requirement
for tripping is one, and/or three pole. It can be adopted for double bus arrangement,
1 breaker arrangement and etc.
The IED consists of line pilot protection, 3 zones distance protection, 4 stages earth
fault overcurrent protection, STUB protection, and etc.
Tab.1-1 Product Types and Protection Configurations
Earth Fault
STUB
Type Pilot protection Distance overcurrent
Protection
Protection
CSC-101A
1.2 Features
1.2.1 High performance hardware
Combined 32 bits DSP with MCU, the microprocessor is employed to run

programs in chip completely, and keep the data bus from out of the chip.
Meanwhile, the chip with high performance, great capacity and high speed
meets real time parallel calculation.
Adopting modularized hardware and unitary backboard not only enhances
the reliability of protection hardware, but also unifies the design manner of
the protection case, so as to extend the hardware conveniently and meet the
various user requirements well.
Network mode design for the whole interior structure is helpful to improve the
reliability, functional agility and expansibility of the hardware, and to simplify
the hardware to implement building block structure.
Fault wave recorder with great capacity, memory up to 4M bytes, can record
full process of any fault, and can save no less than 24 records. Optional data
format or wave format is provided when the records need to be printed.
Event recorder can store operating reports, alarm reports, start reports and
general operation records, every kind of record isnt less than 2000 events,
and is memorized when power is off.
Double CPU and double A/D sampling and self-check for each other.
1.2.2 Software design
Modularized software design and agile configuration of protection function
-1 -
are useful to meet the various user requirements.

Synthetically application of various protection principles: Take full advantages
of all kinds of fault components and steady state quantity protective principle,
to perfect the criterion of power swing blocking to implement speedy
operation at any moment for any type fault.
Synthetically application of various phase selector principles: Take full
advantages of current fault component phase selection, voltage phase
selection, negative- and zero-sequence current phase selection, to achieve
selective trip whenever fault occurs at power swing system, weak source
system or cross country fault circumstance.
Schemes of power swing blocking detection: Comparing zero- and
negative-sequence current and taking R/T as criterion to detect all kinds of
faults synthetically during power swing, and according to various systems
operating conditions or different frequency of power swing, adjusting their
operation thresholds adaptively to ensure the primary protection to work
normally.
Residual compensation based on single phase: Residual compensation
based on single phase is employed in impedance measuring to provide
better phase selection ability for impedance relay. Combined residual
compensation based on single phase with high-speed filter and high-speed
calculation, the first zone of distance relay is formed.
1.2.3 Powerful and flexible communication functions
Perfect communication networks: 2-channel high speed electric Ethernet

ports (optional fiber optic Ethernet ports), 2-channel LonWorks ports, RS-485
port and series print port, the user can select any of these according to the
project requirements. Protocol supports IEC60870-5-103, easy to interface
with substation automation system and protection management information
system.
On the front faceplate, an additional RS-232 port is provided to connect a PC
for debugging.
Double fiber optic ports: Two fiber optic ports are provided for redundancy,
one of them performs the primary channel while another is standby.
Dedicated fiber optic communication: 2Mbps
Multiplexed communication: Optional 2Mbps (E1) interface can be employed.
1.2.4 Human friendly design
LCD with backlight: Application to display various messages such as current,

voltage, power, strap state, setting zones etc.
The menu is easy to operate, and four shortcut keys are set to finish
operation with one key for local operator.
Operating process vitrification
The IED can record protection operating process, logic flow and varied
calculation values that can be analyzed in whole process by analyzing
software CSPC developed by us. A PC, installed this fault analyzing software,
can manipulate the protection system via series ports RS-232 on the front
faceplate, and get various information such as recorded fault data and wave
to analyze.
-2 -
Available to check sequence number of remote signal such as the relay

operation, alarms, straps, recorded analog data, inputs etc., convenient to
debug for background automatic system.
1.2.5 Real time hardware system self testing
Hardware checking and self-testing on line implements to basically eliminate

mal-operation caused by hardware damage, and greatly lighten workloads of
product examined and repaired at stated time.
Intelligent designs devote to the software modules, additional self testing on
line about inputs, outputs, analog measures and power supply, cause the IED
to succeed in comprehensive real time self testing about various modules.
New checking methods used for the relay detection can detect coil
performance in the excitation circuit of the relay, so detection and abnormal
alarm for the relay have been achieved.
Digital inputs must be validated and judged by sampling via two paths of
optical isolator.
Real time supervision temperature inside case.
2 Technical data
2.1 Basic data
Item Range or Value Standard

System Frequency
Rated Frequency 60 Hz or 50Hz
Current Inputs
Rated current In 1 A or 5 A
Permissive Overload 3In, continuously IEC 60255-6: 1988;
10In, 10s DL/T 478-2001
40In, 1s
Burden 1VA per phase
Voltage Inputs
Rated Voltage Un (100~120)/3
Permissive Overload 1.5Un, continuously IEC 60255-6: 1988;
2Un, 10s; DL/T 478-2001
Burden 0.5VA per phase
Auxiliary DC Voltage Supply
DC voltage Input Vaux 125V DC
Permissible ranges -20%~+20% Vaux
Burden 50W IEC 60255-6: 1988;
DL/T 478-2001
-3 -
Environment conditions
Ambient temperature -10C+55C IEC 60255-6: 1988;
Extreme range of ambient -25C~+70C GB/T 14047-1993, IDT
temperature
Atmospheric pressure 80~110kPa
Relative humidity 95%
Storage temperature -25~70
2.2 Binary inputs and outputs
Item Range or Value

Binary inputs
Quantity of BI 22 at 125V DC; 3 at 24V DC
Rated voltage range 24V or 125V DC
Power consumption max. 0.05 W/input at 24V DC
max. 0.2 W/input at 125V DC
Binary outputs
Quantity of BO 36 NO contacts for trip
40 NO contacts for signals
Current carrying capacity
Continuous 5A
0.5 s 30 A
Making capacity at inductive load with L/R>10 ms
0.2 s 30 A
1.0 s 10 A
Breaking capacity for AC, cos >0.4 1250 VA
Breaking capacity for DC with L/R < 40 ms
Contacts for trip 48 V/1.04 A
110 V/0.46 A
125 V/0.4 A
250 V/0.2 A
Contacts for signal 48 V/0.63 A
110 V/0.27 A
125 V/0.24 A
250 V/0.12 A
2.3 Protection functions

Function Range or value Accuracy
-4 -
Distance Protection ( 21,21N )

Number of zones 5 with selectable direction
Minimum operate current, 10% In
Ph-Ph and Ph-E
Resistance (0.01 ~120.00) /phase, 5 A; 2.0% static accuracy
(0.05 ~ 600.00) /phase, 1 A; 2.0 degrees static
Reactance (0.01 ~120.00) /phase, 5 A; angular accuracy
(0.05 ~ 600.00) /phase, 1 A;
Dynamic overreach of zone <5%
1
Typical operation time of 30ms, at 70% setting value
zone 1
The best operation time of 20ms, at 70% setting value
zone 1
Time delay 0.01~10 s 1.5% or 20ms
Reset ratio 105%
Current Protection ( 50N,51N,67N, STUB )
Zero sequence current Izs 0.1In ~20In. 2.5% or 0.02In
Time delay 0.01~10 s 1.5% or 20ms
Operating time of stage 1 of 20ms 1.2 times setting value
zero-sequence current
Transient overreaching of 4%
stage 1 of zero-sequence
overcurrent
.
Forward direction operating
3I 0
zone of zero-sequence .
power directional element: 18 arg 3U 0 180

Pilot protection (ANSI 85 21/21N,ANSI 85 67N)
Best Operation time 25ms for 21/21N, in permission
mode
Operation time 30ms for 21/21N
2.4 Station Communication
Item Port Port Port

Location of ports front rear rear
Type of port RS-232 Ethernet RS-485
Medium of connection electric optics/electric electric
Type of connector DB25 RJ45 twisted-pair
-5 -
Type of data transfer serial serial serial

Communication speed 9600bps 10/100Mbps 9600bps~38400bps
Dielectric level III III III
Maximum cable length 10m 110m 1.2km
Configuration and Station Station
Functions supported by this
setting; disturbance communication communication
port
recorder report;
Quantity of communication 1 3 2
ports on rear plate
Designed by Sifang CSC2000 CSC2000 or IEC
protocol or IEC 60870-5-103 60870-5-103 or IEC
or IEC 61850 61850
2.5 Type tests according to standards
Item Class/rated Standards

Environment conditions
Ambient temperature -10C~+55C IEC 60255-6: 1988
Extreme range of ambient -25C~+70C (GB/T 14047-1993, IDT )
temperature
Atmospheric pressure 80~110kPa
Relative humidity 95%
Storage temperature -25~70
Burden
rated burden AC current circuit: IEC 60255-6: 1988;
1VA DL/T 478-2001
AC voltage
circuit:0.5A
DC power supply
circuit: 50W
Thermal property
Thermal of short and long AC current circuit IEC 60255-6: 1988;
time 3In-continuously DL/T 478-2001
10In-10s
40In-1s
AC voltage circuit
1.5Un-continuously
2Un-10s
Electrical insulation
-6 -
Insulation resistance 100M IEC 60255-5: 2000

(GB/T 14598.3-2006,IDT)
Insulation resistance in dry 1.5M DL/T 478-2001
heat Note: No defined in IEC60255-5
Dielectric voltage AC 2kV (Ui63V) / IEC 60255-5: 2000
1kV(Ui<63V) (GB/T 14598.3-2006,IDT);
Impulse voltage 5kV(Ui63V)/1kV Note: 500V was defined for less then
(Ui<63V) 63V in IEC 60255-5
Mechanical property
Vibration 1 class IEC60255-21-1
(GB/T 11287-2000,IDT)
Shock 1 class IEC60255-21-2
Bump 1 class (GB/T 14537-1993,IDT)
EMC
Burst disturbance 3 class IEC 60255-22-1
common mode (GB/T 14598.13-1998,IDT)
2.5kV, IEC 61000-4-12;
differential mode Note: Inject 100kHz harsh more
1.0kV IEC60255-22-1
ESD disturbance 4 class: contact -8kV IEC 60255-22-2
(GB/T 14598.14-1998,IDT)
IEC 61000-4-2;
Note: Harsh more 3 class of IEC
60255-22-2
Radiated electromagnetic 3 class: 10V/m IEC 62505-22-3
disturbance (GB/T 14598.9-2002,IDT)
IEC 61000-4-3
Fast burst disturbance 4 class: IEC60255-22-4
communication (GB/T14598.10-1996,IDT)
port --2kV; IEC 61000-4-4;
others ports--4kV Note: Harsh more 3 class of IEC
60255-22-4
Surge disturbance 4 class: IEC 60255-22-5,
communication port IEC 61000-4-5;
--2kV; Note: Harsh more 3 Class of IEC
others ports --4kV 60255-22 -5
Conducted disturbance of 3 class: 10V IEC 60255-22-6
RF IEC 61000-4-6
Power frequency magnetic 5 class: 100A/m IEC 61000-4-8;
-7 -
field disturbance Note: No defined in IEC60255-22

Pulse frequency magnetic 5 class: 1000A/m IEC 61000-4-9;
field disturbance Note: No defined in IEC60255-22
Damped oscillatory 5 class: 100A/m IEC 61000-4-10;
magnetic disturbance Note: Actual up to 120A/m No
defined in IEC 60255 -22
interruptions in auxiliary 50ms GB/T 8367-1987 (equ IEC60255-11)
energizing quantities IEC 61000-4-11
Electromagnetic emission IEC 60255-25
limits (GB/T14598.16-2002,IDT)
safety
IP rating IP20 IEC 60529,
GB 16836-1997
Insulation cooperation Clearance IEC 60255-5:2000
and creepage GB 16836-1997
distance
Maximum temperature of According with the GB 16836-1997
material standard
Flammability of insulation V 0 class IEC 60950
materials GB 16836-1997
Protection against I class IEC 60536
Electric shock GB 16836-1997
-8 -
3 Hardware
3.1 Product Structure
The CSC-101 relays are housed in 19-inch height, 4U width case which meets IEC
60297-3 standard, with unitary faceplate and the withdrawal/insertion function
modules locked by ejector/inserter clips. All function modules are embedded in the
case, and all wiring terminals are designed at rear panel. The current/voltage
connector can be expanded and combined at random because of their same
configurations and sizes. A case size is shown in Fig.2-1, and the relay outline is
shown in Fig.2-2.
Sketch map of shell
Sketch map of opening hole
Fig.2 A case size of the CSC-101 system
-9 -
3.2 Modules Arrangement

CSC-101A is configured 9 modules as shown in Fig.2-1, including Transformer input
module, protection CPU module, startup CPU module, communication module, input
module, output module 1, output module 4, power supply module.
X1X10 are serial numbers of wiring terminal at rear panel.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
TIM CPU CPU COM BIM BOM BOM BOM BOM PSM
Fig.3-1 Arrangement diagram of the CSC-101A system modules
3.3 Transformer input module ( TIM )

The Transformer input module functions are to transform the secondary signals of
voltage and current transformers in power system into electric weak signals, and
perform isolation and anti-interference. The AC modules of CSC-101A the wiring
terminal at rear panel is X1. There are 7 analog signal transformers in CSC-101A,
used respectively to transform UAUBUCIAIBIC and 3I0. There are two types
of current transformer: Rated current 5A with linearity range 500mA150A and rated
current 1A with linearity range 100mA30A (please indicate clearly when order the
IED). Please pay attention that IN is the polarity terminal while IN is not.
3.4 CPU module ( CPU )

Combined DSP with MCU, the 32-bit microprocessor with 1M bytes flash memory
and 64 bytes RAM is employed to run programs in chip completely, and keep the data
bus from out of the chip. There are two CPU modules in the CSC-101 system, where
CPU1 and CPU2, with the same software and different hardware, can be
distinguished by different address. There are four groups slip stitches named AD3,
AD2, AD1 and AD0 at CPU handle side, and the symbols H and L marked at the
side of slip stitches represent high electric level and low electric level respectively and
are used to setup address. CPU1, which is named protection CPU modulemostly
-10 -
performs sampling, A/D transform, upward transmission analog data and input
information, judgment of the protection criteria, fault recorder and software and
hardware self-testing etc. CPU2, which is called startup CPU module, performs the
protection startup and block etc.
In order to backup data and test A/D by the protection itself, every AC analog circuit is
devided to two channels to be sampled two analog quantities such as Ia and IaR for
the current of phase A, Ib and IbR for the current of phase B. The analog quantities
with postfix capital R are used to backup and test by the protection itself.
3.5 Communication module ( COM )

The function of the module is communication, and its wiring terminal is X3 at rear
panel. It carries out communication and information exchange between the protection
system and external equipments such as faceplate, a PC, background monitor and
control system, engineer station, RTU and printer etc, and transmits remote metering,
remote signaling, SOE, event reports and record data. According to requirement,
LON net port, double Ethernet ports and RS485 port can be set in communication
module to meet different substation automation system and RTU. In addition, time
synchronization by GPS function can be also set to meet time regulation with network
mode or impulse mode. A series printer port is also reserved.
3.6 Binary input module ( BIM )

The binary input module wring terminal at rear panel is X4. It is used to connect the
input signals and alarm signals such as the open auxiliary contacts of the circuit
breaker (CB) and protection straps etc.
Each of binary input modules has two groups input circuits and self-testing circuits, so
all input circuits can be performed real time self-testing.
3.7 Binary output module ( BOM )

CSC-101A is developed 4 output modules. The wiring terminal of output module 1 at
rear panel is X6that of module 2,module 3 and 4 are X7,X8 and X9 respectively.
Output modules mainly provide tripping contacts that can be output directly from
modules with great performance against interference. The definitions of all contacts
can be referenced in part of rear panel wiring terminals explanation.
3.8 Power supply module ( PSM )

The power supply module with DC inverters module is suitable to products. Its wiring
terminal at rear panel is X10. Its input power is DC 125V (indication when ordered),
and its output is five groups power supplies.
-11 -
+ 24V two groups provided: power for inputs and outputs module
12V: power for A/D
+ 5V: power for all CPU
3.9 Human-machine interface ( HMI )
It is fixed on the front panel of the equipment and includes LCD, keys, reset buttons
and RS-232 serial interface for PC.
-12 -
4 Protection function
4.1 Whole structure of protection program
Software modularized design in the protection system ensures the same function
module has the same program module in different type system. The following
introduces the modularized design according to various modules classed as software
whole structure, elements of relay protection and operating logic.
Software of relay protection includes main program, sampling interruption service

routine and fault dealt routine.
Main program is running under normal operation to perform hardware self-testing,

straps on or off, setting solidified and transmission reports upward etc. Sampling
interruption service program is active in a sampling interval time to implement data
sampled, wave record and fault detected by sudden-change variable quantities etc.
Whenever the fault detector elements operate, fault dealt program is executed to run
all protection logic and judge TA circuit open or not etc. If any abnormal element is
detected, a relevant alarm signal and report will be given.
For the general alarm signals (Run Alarm), only the signal is sent out to clue the
operator to examine and repair. For the serious alarm signal threatening the
protection security and reliability (Relay Alarm), once the signal is sent out, the
protection output circuit is blocked.
When fault occurs in power system, fault dealt program does not return to the main
program until it has finished all relevant protection functions to reach to meet the
conditions of the whole reset.
4.2 The protection basic elements

4.2.1 Startup element
Startup element mainly implements to detect fault, start the protection relay and
energize positive power supply for the output relay. Once startup element operates, it
does not reset until the protection relays fully return.
Startup element includes current sudden-change startup, zero-sequence current

startup, the loss of static stability startup, the low-voltage startup element in
weak-source. Hardly does any startup element operate when the fault dealt program
is picked up and the positive power supply for the output relay is energized.
4.2.1.1 Sudden-change current differential element DI1
-13 -
Sudden-change current differential element is the main startup element that can
sensitively detect most of faults. Its criterion is as follows:
i>IQD
or 3i0>IQD
where i= || iK- iK-T|-| i K-T - iK-2T || means AB,BC or CA, K is the
K-Tis the sampling timing before

current sampling timing,T24 samples per cycle
one cycle from timing K,K-2Tthe sampling timing before two cycles from timing K,
3i0 is sudden-change zero-current differential value,IQD is the setting value of
sudden-change current.
The sudden-change current element operates when any phase-to-phase

sudden-change current i or zero-sequence sudden-change current 3i0
continuously exceed the setting threshold IQD.
4.2.1.2 Zero-sequence current auxiliary startup element
Besides sudden-change current startup element, zero-sequence current auxiliary

element is also settled to solve the inadequate sensitive problem of sudden-change
current startup element at faults with high path resistance (up to 100 for 230kV, up
to 300 for 500kV). As an auxiliary startup element, it operates with 30ms delay. Its
criterion is as follows:
3I0 > *I0dz
Where3I0 is three times zero-sequence current,
4.2.1.3 The static stability breakage detector
To ensure the protection right operation in the loss of static stability state, the static
stability breakage detector is settled.
Its operating conditions are described as below.
(1) All currents of phase A, B and C are greater than the current setting value
I_PowerSwing, and the sudden-change current elements have not operated.
(2) All impedances of phase-to-phase AB, BC and CA enter into zone III of distance
relay, and the sudden-change current elements have not operated.
Any of the above conditions has been validated for 30ms, power system is regarded
as the loss of static stability state, then, the startup element operates, the protection
program is switched to power swing blocking module, at the same time, Z Startup or
I_PS Startup and Relay Startup are reported.
4.2.1.4 Weak-infeed system startup element
-14 -
When one end of the protected line is weak-source system, lower voltage can be
used to startup protection for permission mode. Its criterion: Single-phase voltage is
less than 30V or phase-to-phase voltage is less than 50V and the relay receives
signal.
4.2.2 Phase selector
Using various phase selecting principles to detect various fault types, phase selector
can pick out fault phase to meet single-phase tripping.
The protection flexibly makes use of various principles of phase selection for different
fault cases. Sudden-change-current phase selector is employed at the beginning of
fault after sudden-change current startup, later, sequence fault components phase
selector is used. Both sudden-change-current phase selector and sequence fault
components phase selector are not applicable to weak-source system and feeder
terminal line where low voltage phase selector is employed.
4.2.2.1 Sudden-change-current phase selector
Sudden-change current phase selector employs phase-to-phase differential current

IAB, IBC and ICA to gain the fault phase according to the amplitude comparison
of these currents.
The amplitude of phase-to-phase differential current IAB, IBC and ICA at different
faults are shown in Tab.4-1 below.Where + means the bigger one++ the more
bigger one means the smaller one
Table 4-1
Phase
A B C AB BC CA ABC
Selected
I
IAB
IBC
ICA
IAB, IBC and ICA can be sorted into the biggest, the bigger and the smaller, then
the fault selection result can be implemented according to Tab.2.
4.2.2.2 Steady sequence fault components phase selector
Steady sequence fault components phase selector mainly uses the angle relation of
zero- and negative- sequence current to detect the fault phase with an additional
method based on phase-to-phase ejection.
-15 -
Theoretical analysis have demonstrated that, compared with phasor I0a, I2a locates
at area of -30+30when A-phase earth fault occurs or BC-phase earth fault does
with a smaller arc resistance, furthermore, I2a lags behind I0a close to 90with the
resistance increasing. Six phasor areas can be devided according to the angle
relation of I2a/I0a as shown in Fig.4-1.
I0a
0 0
+30 AN,BCN -30
ABN BCN
0 0
+90 -90
CN,ABN BN,CAN
0 0
+150 CAN -150
Fig.4-1 Phasor areas of steady sequence phase selector

1 +30~ -30 conforms to AN or BCN ()
2 +90~ +30 conforms to ABN
3 +150~ +90 conforms to CN or ABN
4 -150~ +150 conforms to CAN
5 -90~ -150 conforms to BN or CAN
6 -30~ -90 conforms to BCN
Corresponding phase-to-phase faults are affirmed directly in the above areas of (2),
(4) and (6). On the other hand, in phasor areas of (1), (3) and (5), there are
single-phase and phase-to-phase both fault types which are always independent to
each other and can be differentiated by phase-to-phase impedance calculation. If
phase-to-phase impedance is greater than its setting value, then phase-to-phase
fault is impossible whereas single-phase-to-ground fault can be confirmed, otherwise
phase-to-phase fault will be done.
4.2.2.3 Low voltage phase selector
Low voltage phase selector mainly meets phase selection of the relay fixed at
weak-source end where both of the above phase selectors cannot select faulted
phase. If VT circuit does not open, low voltage phase selector can be put into
operation. Its criterion is as below.
a) Any one of phase voltage is less than 0.5Un, and other two phases voltage are
larger than 0.8Unthen the single phase with lower voltage is faulted.
-16 -
b) If phase-to-phase voltage is less than 0.5Un, phase-to-phase fault is decided.
4.2.3 Distance protection
Distance protection consists of measuring unit and directional unit.
4.2.3.1 Operating characteristics of distance protection
Every zone of the distance relay is of the polygonal characteristics as shown in

Fig.4-2. For 3 zones phase-to-phase distance relay, RDZ of zone , and is
respectively is set to R1_pp RX2_pp RX3_pp, XDZ of zone , and is
respectively set to X1_pp X2_pp and X3_pp. For 3 zones phase-to-ground
distance relay, RDZ of zone , and is respectively set to R1_pe, RX2_pe
RX3_pe, XDZ of zone , and is respectively set to X1_pe, X2_pe and
X3_pe.
Where XDZ is set according to the protected range and RDZ is set according to
avoiding load impedance (under general instance), which meets different
requirements to enhance the resistive tolerance to high path fault resistance for short
line and to improve the ability of avoiding load impedance for long line. The reactance
as shown in Fig.4-2 to enhance
line of polygon is inclined to an obliquitous angle 7
the ability to prevent the relay from overreaching at forward external faults.
When fault occurs after reclose or manual close, based on the characteristics shown
in Fig.4-2, the impedance operating characteristics is added a small rectangle area
including center of coordinates as shown in Fig.4-3. This is called impedance-offset
characteristics that can ensure that faults near the bus can be reliably cleared. Zone
3 of distance relay has offset characteristics when three-phase fault occurs.
Fig.4-2 Fig.4-3
Fig.4-2 Operating characteristics of polygonal distance protection
The values in the small rectangle operation area are shown in Tab.4-2.
-17 -
Tab.4-2
X is set as XDZ/2, if XDZ 1

Setting X
X is set to 0.5 (In=5A) or 2.5 (In=1A), if XDZ>1
Setting R The minimum among 8 times the above X and RDZ/4

Where XDZ is the reactance setting of relevant elements, RDZ is the resistance
setting of relevant elements.
4.2.3.2 Measuring unit of distance protection
Based on differential equation arithmetic, measuring element calculates relevant

circuit impedance value with real-time voltage and current.
For single-phase-to-ground impedance:
d ( I K X 3I 0 )
UL * dt +R *(I+Kr3I0)= A, B, C.
dI
For phase-to-phase impedance: UL dt + RI=AB, BC, CA.
Where Kx=(X0-X1)/ (3X1)Kr=(R0-R1)/ ( 3R1).
Measuring resistance R and reactance X (X =L=2fL) at relay location can be

obtained by means of calculating the above differential equations.
4.2.3.3 Directional unit of distance protection
Special directional elements are set to resolve dead zone for distance protection
when fault occurs near the bus. For symmetric fault, the memory voltage that is two
cycles of pre-fault voltage is used to compare phasor with post-fault current to detect
direction. For asymmetric fault near the bus, negative-sequence directional element
is taken as directional element of distance relay. The operating conditions for distance
relay are as below: The forward directional element operates, and measuring
impedance lies within the setting polygon area.
4.2.4 Zero-sequence current directional unit
Zero-sequence current directional unit is composed of forward and reverse

directional elements whose operation areas are shown in Fig.4-4. The threshold of
forward directional element can be set while that of reverse directional element can
not, whose sensitivity is automatically higher than forward element, and threshold is
0.625 times of that of the forward element.
-18 -
. .
Area of forward directional element is 18arg3 I 0/3 U 0180
. .
Area of reverse directional element is -162arg3 I 0/3 U 00
lm
forward
81 81
18
3U0
reverse
Fig.4-4 Operation area of zero-sequence current directional element
4.2.4.1 Criterion of forward directional element is as below.
Directional element lies in the forward directional operation area and 3I0>3I0DZ.
Where 3I0DZ is the setting value of zero-sequence current setting 3I0 of pilot
protection, the setting Iset of inverse time zero-sequence current, and the setting
values of stage IIV of zero-sequence current I01, I02, I03 and I04.
4.2.4.2 Criterion of reverse directional element is as below.
Directional element lies in the reverse directional operation area and

3I0>0.625*3I0DZ.
The zero-sequence directional element employs the self-produced 3U0 that is

obtained by software summing three-phase voltage. A settled threshold value of 3U0
for the zero directional elements is 1V.
4.2.5 Negative-sequence current directional element
Operation area is shown in Fig.4-5.

. .
Area of forward directional element is 18arg 3 I 2/3 U 2180,
. .
Area of reverse directional element is -162arg3 I 2/3 U 20.
-19 -
lm
forward
81 81
18
3U2
reverse
Fig.4-5 Operation area of negative-sequence directional element

Special setting is not set for negative-sequence current directional element that takes
3I0DZ as threshold setting.
4.2.6 Opening element of power swing blocking
Power system is impossible to begin swing within 150ms after sudden-charge current
startup element operating, therefore, during this time, all distance relays are settled to
take on action but power swing block need not be enabled. After 150ms or the
protection startup by loss of static stability or zero-sequence current, the distance
relay must be enabled by fault detector to prevent mal-operation during power swing.
Fault detectors of power swing blocking are different for asymmetric faults and
three-phase fault.
4.2.6.1 Asymmetric faults detection element
Zero- and negative-sequence current can distinguish fault from swing. The criterion is
described as below.
|I0|>m1|I1| or I 2>m2|I 1|
Where m1 and m2 ensure that, during power swing, the mal-operation of the distance
protection is not caused when external fault occurs under the most disadvantageous
conditions of power system but asymmetric faults detection element can be operates
when internal asymmetric fault occurs.
When power swing happens, I0 and I 2 are close to zero, it is impossible for the
above formula to come into being. When power swing and external fault occur, the
smaller fault component current at the relay location cant meet the above formula.
When power swing and internal fault occur, I0 and I 2 will be big enough to meet the
above formula. To keep the protection from mal-operation caused by the imbalance
output of zero- and negative-sequence current when the external fault is removed,
the protection has to operate in a certain short time delay.
4.2.6.2 Three-phase fault detection element: impedance change rate detection
-20 -
element dR/dt
4.2.6.2.1 During power swing, measuring resistance or measuring impedance at the relay
location is continuously changing with time, and sometimes the change is slow,
sometimes the change is intensive, the change rate is decided by swing period and
the machine angle . Curve 1 and curve 2 in Fig.5-6-(a) are the trajectories of
measuring resistance changing with time, where Rf is load resistance component and
Tz is swing period. Whether the trajectory of measuring impedance is a line or a
circular arc on R-X plane during power swing, is decided by electromotive force of
both terminals equivalent system, as shown in Fig.5-6-(b).
Rm(t)
1 2 jX
Rf
t Zm
0
R
0
Tz
a b
(a) measuring resistance Rm changing with time (b) the track of measuring
impedance on R-X plane
Fig.4-6 The trajectory of measuring impedance during power swing
Rm(t)
Rf
Rk
O t
t1 t2 t3
Fig.4-7 The trajectory of pre- and post-fault measuring resistance

changing with time
-21 -
4.2.6.2.2 When fault occurs on the protected line, resistance component of measuring
impedance maybe changes due to electric arc elongated, but analysis and calculation
show that changing rate of arc resistance is far less than that of resistance
corresponding to the possibly biggest swing period noted up to the present. After
short circuit, measuring resistance is resistance RK of short circuit, whose value
hardly changes or almost keeps invariability, as shown in Fig.5-7. The rule of
measuring impedance is also similar.
Contrasting Fig.5-6 with Fig.5-7, it can be seen that power system is determined to be
in the swing state if measuring resistance is always changing and exceeds a
threshold value in a period of time. Therefore, the least change of resistance is
looked over during power swing. It can be known from analyzing Fig.5-6 that the
instance of the least change of measuring resistance occurs in the following
conditions.
1) near 180
2) the digest swing period TZMAX.
And then, enlarge this part track of resistance change to be shown in Fig.11.
Rm
TZMAX swing curve
180
Rmin
t
/2

Fig.4-8The instance of the least change of measuring resistance

It can be known from Fig.5-8 that a minimum changing resistance
Rmin180TZMAX )
is obtained corresponding to a time , in this way, for any
swing period and any time period , all exist:

R Rmin180TZMAX )
.
Therefore, consider error and protection margin, take the following formula as
criterion detecting swing.
R K Rmin180TZMAX )
(1)
Reliable coefficient K is a less than 1. Surely, also consider equivalent system
for (1). And, for a different regulated time , the corresponding

ZS
impedance
-22 -
180TZMAX ) can be calculated.

Rmin
Concluding the above analysis, we can reason the method distinguishing fault from
power swing:
1) Within time , if R K Rmin180TZMAX ) is satisfied, it is
determined that fault occurs in power system.
2) Within time , if R K Rmin180TZMAX ) is satisfied, it is
determined that swing occurs in power system.
When fault occurs, it is possible that formula (1) is satisfied due to time
too small, however, can be increased to relax the restrained condition
R K Rmin180TZMAX ) , and to make use of it to identify fault
gradually.
4.2.6.2.3 When fault suddenly occurs on the protected line, if the angles between two sources
do not reach 180, or three-phase fault occurs outside the swing center, the
magnitude and angle of pre- or post-fault impedance must have great sudden change.
Based on this character, distance element can be enabled quickly when three-phase
fault occurs in power system without serious swing or under the conditions that swing
does not occur after protection pickup for 150ms.
4.3 Self-testing function and other criteria

4.3.1 Self-testing function
4.3.1.1 VT circuit opened detection
Two criteria are set to detect VT circuit opened and both of them have delay time.
Only under normal operation and without any element startupthey are put into
operating. Hardly does the circuit-opened detector stop operating when any startup
element operates, and it is not enabled until all system reset.
Criterion a The sum of three phase voltages is not equal to

. . .
Ua Ub Uc
zero, >7Vr.m.s.
This is used to detect one phase or two phases circuit opened.
Criterion bWhen TV is connected to busbar, if any phase voltage Ua, Ub or Uc

is less than 8VTV circuit has been broken confirmedly.
When TV is connected to line, if any phase voltage Ua, Ub or Uc is less than 8V,
-23 -
and any phase current is larger than 0.04In or CB is in the closed state (detect
tripping state input)TV circuit can be also confirmed to be broken.
The additional current condition of criterion b is to avoid undesired alarms before CB

is switched on when TV is on the line side. The additional condition which CB is in the
closed state is to avoid that the system can be unable to give an alarm in case of loss
of voltage for three phases when the line current is too small (for example, CB lying at
another terminal of the line is off.
When TV circuit is opened, TV Fail is reported, and all distance unit, negative
sequence directional unit and zero current unit with direction are forbidden to operate,
while current differential pilot protection not being affected by TV opened continues to
work. TV voltage will be continuously supervised in order that each element can be
automatically put into the operation again as soon as the voltage returns to the
normal.
Relay startup
Binary of
VT Fail
3U0 >7V & 1S

AND2 VT FAIL
&
AND1
NO DICB
OPEN
1
OR1
1
VT_bus OR2
& &
Relay test AND3 AND5
Ia(b,c) >
0.04In
&
AND4
Ua(b,c) < 8V
Figure4-9 - Logic of VT Fail
4.3.1.2 CT failure/current unbalance
-24 -
To prevent the relay from wrong trip, interruptions in the secondary circuits of current
transformers is detected and reported by the device. When the zero-sequence
current is always larger than the setting value of 3I0_Startup for 12s, CT Fail will be
reported and each zone of zero-sequence current protection will be blocked.
4.3.1.3 Double A/D redundancy check
To efficiently prevent the system from mal-operation in the condition of damaged

hardware, double A/D redundancy design is implemented. By means of comparing
double A/D circuit with each other to supervise sampling circuit in a good or bad
condition on real time, damaged hardware can be detected and the protection can be
blocked in time.
4.3.1.4 Phase-sequence self-testing for voltage and current
In normal condition of power system, whether AC circuits of three phases are

connected in right sequence or not can be distinguished by phase comparison of
three phases current and voltage. If they are in abnormal sequence, 3PH Sequence
Err will be reported.
4.3.1.5 3I0 polarity self-testing
. . .
I
By comparing amplitude and phase of self-producing 3I0 ( I A + B + I C ) with that of
3I0 external connectedwhether the polarity of external 3I0 is connected in reverse or
not can be differentiated, if it is in reverse,3I0 Reverse will be reported.
4.3.1.6 The third harmonic voltage self-testing
If the third harmonic voltage exceeds, Harmonic3 Alarm will be reported with delay
timebut the protection is not blocked.
4.3.1.7 Self-testing for auxiliary tripping contact of CB
If there is input signal of auxiliary tripping contact of CB, and corresponding phase
has current, which is confirmed with 2s delay time, CB Open_A (B,C) DI Err is
reported.
4.3.1.8 Overload alarm
The system supervises load flow on real time. If all three-phase current are always
greater than the setting current of loss of static stability for 30s, Overload is
reported.
-25 -
4.3.1.9 Self-testing of the CSC-101 relay system
4.3.1.9.1 CPU module self-testing. CPU module performs self-tests to its memories, analog
channels and program areas during power-up, parts of the above are checked by
itself in real time during the system running. If any of them is confirmed to be failure,
alarm will be given, and the protection will be blocked. (If an alarm is given for
hardware damaged, it still exists after reset. If serious alarm exists, the current
differential relay at remote end of the line reports Offsid Relay Off. If local damaged
hardware is restored, the remote relay reports Offside Relay On.)
4.3.1.9.2 The sampled data can be checked with each other in real time due to the redundancy
set of double A/D channel for one analog quality. If the difference between two
channels exceeds the setting limit, one of the double channels is regarded as fault
one.
4.3.1.9.3 Each I/O plug-in module performs self-testing during power-up and real-time
self-testing. Self-testing checks input channel, output channel, memories and code
areas etc. Self-testing of input channel is performed by bit changing simulation.
Self-testing of output channel is performed by coil tests. The tests are very thorough
with wide range, if any failure is confirmed, alarm is given.
4.3.1.9.4 Real-time self-testing of communication ports. CPU module and communication

module perform real-time self-testing of communication among all kinds of function
modules. When interrupt communication is detected, alarm is given.
4.3.1.9.5 Communication module performs self tests at power-up and real-time self tests which
verify and check memories, program areas and relevant communication with the
outside. If any abnormal event is detected, alarm will be given.
4.3.1.9.6 Real-time supervision for DC power supply.
4.3.1.9.7 CRC checks for the setting, program etc.
4.3.2 Other criteria
4.3.2.1 switch-on-to-fault protection (SOTF)
The input of auxiliary tripping contact of CB lasts 10s, later I operates, and then the
system regards this condition as manual closure of the CB. If no fault is detected,
delay time 1s later, the whole system resets. If fault is detected, instantaneous trip
function put into operation.
Distance relay use impedance element to detect fault, zero-current relay operates
with 100ms delay, when fault occurs during switch-on-to-fault.
When switch-on-to-fault line occurs, if the binary setting of distance relay is enabled,
the distance relay will accelerate to operate. Six loops of impedance will be calculated,
if any of them is located in the area of operating characteristics with offset region. The
-26 -
distance relay trips with no delay time.
DI CB
OPEN A-
PHASE
DI CB
&
OPEN B- AND1 10s
PHASE
DI CB
OPEN B-
PHASE
& SOTF TRIP

Relay startup AND2 (permanent)
Distance
operation
1
OR1
1s Relay reset
100ms
Zero-
sequence
operation
&
No fault AND4
Figure4-10 - Logic of SOTF
4.3.2.2 Tripping after automatic reclosure
If the fault still exists after automatic reclosure, then the protective elements will re-trip
the circuit breaker.
The equipment requires three auxiliary tripping contacts of segregated phase

respectively as three binary inputs. For 3/2 bus connection scheme, each phase
tripping contacts of two breakers must be series at first, and then the series contacts
of each phase are connected to the corresponding binary input of the equipment.
When the equipment has detected CB opened, and the fault phase current is larger
than 0.1In(single phase reclose mode) or any phase current is larger than 0.1In(three
phase reclose mode) or the input of auxiliary tripping contact disappears, the
equipment think that line has reclosed. Distance protection acceleration function is
enabled according to the control word setting. The acceleration starts up only 500ms
after reclose.
-27 -
4.3.2.3 The conditions of relay reset
When all the following conditions have been meet for 5s, the whole relay resets from
fault dealt program.
Six kinds of impedance are outside the 3 zone of impedance.
Zero-current is less than the setting of zero-current startup value.
All three-phase currents are less than the setting I_PS of loss of static
stability.
4.3.2.4 Logic after tripping
After tripping commands sent out, the current of tripping phase is in the supervision.
When tripping phase has not current, the protection system considers that CB has
been opened. If tripping phase always has current, the system output three-phase trip
signal with 250ms delay. That is to say, if tripping phase always has current during
250ms after single-phase trip signal output, which indicates CB not tripping, then,
three-phase trip signal is output. After this, if any phase current lasts 250ms,
three-phase final tripping command is issued. Later, if CB still in close state lasts 5s,
three-phase final tripping failure alarm will be sent out, and the whole relay will reset.
Trip command will be withdrawal as soon as fault is cleared. To ensure that CB trips
reliably, withdrawal command is impossible to be considered within 40ms after trip
command sent out.
When there is no current flowing for 5s after the output of trip command, the program
routine jumps to the whole relay reset.
After tripping command output, the sending signal command does not return until
tripping command has been withdrawal for 200ms in order to ensure the pilot
protection of both terminals to operate reliably.
4.3.2.5 Protection logic after one phase trip
Element DI2, which calculates phase-phase sudden-change current of the operation

phases, is taken as startup element after one phase trip. The criteria of forward and
reverse directional element of pilot distance relay for developing faults are different
with that of full phase operation.
The criteria of forward directional element are:
Sudden-change directional element of operation phases detects forward

fault.
Any one of the operation phase-to-ground impedance or operation

phase-to-phase impedance locates in the forward operating area of distance
-28 -
relay.
If forward element has acted, pilot protection sends out permissive signal, and if
permissive signal from the remote terminal, tripping command will be sent.
The criteria of reverse directional element are:
Sudden-change directional element of operation phases detects reverse

fault.
Any one of the operation phase-to-ground impedance or operation

phase-to-phase impedance locates in the reverse operating area of distance
relay.
If reverse element operates, pilot protection sends out blocking signal, therefore, after
one phase trip, it is impossible for this protection to trip three phases mistakenly when
faults occurs on adjacent line.
4.3.2.6 Reverse directional elements
Impedance directional element is set forward directional element. The threshold of

forward directional element can be set while that of reverse directional element need
not whose sensitivity is automatically higher than forward element.
Notice that the settings of impedance of two terminals of a line must be same when
the relay is set to blocking mode.
The usage of the reverse directional element is as follows.
Pilot protection send signal with Tw_reverse delay time when the directional
elements change from reverse direction to forward direction. It prevents relay
wrong tripping when zero- or negative- sequence power reversing flow during
external faults cleared.
In the protection logic for weak-source system, only all the forward and
reverse directional elements do not operate, the send signal element using
low-voltage could be put into operation.
4.3.2.7 Protection schemes for feeder
If one side of the line is feeder, when forward fault for the relay at feeder side occurs,
the fault characters are no longer same as that of two side source system. To perform
selective tripping function for a line with feeder, feeder tripping of pilot protection must
be put into operation.
If feeder function is enabled, CSC-101 can fit the following conditions.
When internal faults occur, the local relay sends out permissive signal in order that
the relay at power source side trips quickly. The relay at weak-source side can
-29 -
correctly perform selective trip.
Phase selector of the relay at weak-source end can meet the phase-selection
requirements for line faults, and the relay can correctly perform selective trip. Even if
faults occur on load terminal line, the relay can either send out tripping command
quickly and exactly or select fault phase correctly.
4.3.2.8 Logic of low-voltage pickup
When sudden-change current startup element does not pick up, if feeder function is
enabled, relay starts up under the following conditions.
Voltage is lower than 0.5Un.
Receiving signal.
After pickup, the feeder relay will send signal quickly and extend the signal 200ms to
ensure the relay at power source side to trip quickly.
4.3.2.9 The relay trip logic at feeder
At feeder side, if the relay have picked up and the following conditions are satisfied,
the relay of permissive mode sends permissive signal. If the setting of the relay at
feeder is enabled, the relay can trip after confirming permissive signal.
At least one phase voltage or phase-phase voltage is less than 0.5Un.
Both the forward and reverse directional elements do not operate.
Pickup time is less than 200ms.
Not receiving blocking signal for 25ms or receiving permissive signal for 5ms.
Relay will give the event report of weak send signal for permissive mode.
4.3.2.10 Reversing power flow
Directional elements of pilot protection send signal with Tw_reverse delay time and
confirms to trip when the directional elements change from reverse direction to
forward direction to prevent wrong tripping caused by zero- or negative- sequence
power reversing flow during external faults cleared.
4.3.2.11 Subsequent action
The high arc resistance fault, pilot relay meet the condition that send signal on the
one side, But pilot relay dont meet the condition the other side. So the first stage of
zero-sequence or zone I of phase to earth distance near the fault will first act, and the
pilot relay protection on the other side will meet the condition that send signal after
the breaker because the current change subsequently. The relay will send the signal
-30 -
for 200ms after relay trip.
4.4 Pilot protection

It is applicable to two kinds of channel pattern: PUTT (permissive under reach mode)
and POTT (permissive over reach mode).
4.4.1 Pilot protection logic for permissive mode
4.4.1.1 Overreach permissive mode
CSC-101 pilot distance protection logic for overreach permissive mode is shown in
Fig.4-11-a. CSC-101 pilot zero sequence current protection logic is shown in
Fig.4-11-b.
When internal fault occurs, the startup elements and pilot distance can operate,
permissive signal is sent out to the remote to permit the remote trip. If it is external
fault that occurs on line, the forward directional element of one end of the line
operates and does not receive permissive signal while that of another end of the line
does not operate and receive permissive signal, therefore, both ends cant trip.
4.4.1.1.1 Internal fault
<Startup element>operates, relay trip for meeting following condition.
Instantaneous trip if Zone 1 Operation
pilot distance + permission Signal from Remote end for 5ms.
Pilot distance operates that permissive signal is sent out to the remote.
4.4.1.1.2 External Fault
Because the directional element near fault detects reverse direction, it does not send
permissive signal to the remote. Although the remote relay can send signal, it cannot
receive the remote permissive signal, therefore, both of two sides do not trip.
4.4.1.1.3 Power flow reversing for external fault
The method to resolve this problem for the relay is that the relay sends signal with
Tw_reverse delay time when the directional element operates from the reverse to
the forward to avoid the period in which both sides are forward direction, and then
both sides trip after sending signal is confirmed with 15ms delay when internal fault
occurs again.
4.4.1.1.4 Protection schemes for feeder
-31 -
When the binary setting Feeder_FUNC is enabled.
For feeder end, sudden-change current startup element cannot operates, the
logic of the low voltage is startup.
If the relay at feeder end receives the remote permissive signal and <low
voltage element> operates, relay startup.
For feeder end, sudden-change current startup element operates, the

operating logic of the relay is as below.
Within 200ms after protection pickup, if <low voltage element> operates, both
the forward and reverse directional element at feeder end do not operate,
and the permissive signal has been received for 5ms, sending signal
lasted for 150ms to ensure the relay at power source end trips quickly. feeder
end can also trip.
4.4.1.1.5 The protection is not picked up, receives the remote signal < CARR RECIEVED >
and there are < CB OPEN A(B,C)-PHASE >, send signal can be done for 200ms
to ensure the remote pilot protection operates reliably.
Relay
startup
&
AND-1
Relay reset & CARR Send

AND-4 OR-2 signal
Pilot
distance
operation
&
Delay time AND-5
5ms &
& AND-2
CARR AND-3
Received & Trip single
AND-6
Single fault
& Trip three
Multiphase AND-7 phase
fault
Muti_ph trip Permenent
no_ARis
&
enabled AND-8 trip
& |0 150|
AND-9
Low voltage
CB OPEN A-
PHASE OR-1
&
CB OPEN B- & AND- |0 200|
AND- 11
PHASE 10
CB OPEN C-
PHASE
Fig.4-11 -aCSC-101 pilot distance protection for overreach permission mode

logic
-32 -
When internal fault occurs, the startup elements and pilot zero sequence current can
operate, permissive signal is sent out to the remote to permit the remote trip. If it is
external fault that occurs on line, the forward directional element of one end of the line
operates and does not receive permissive signal while that of another end of the line
does not operate and receive permissive signal, therefore, both ends cant trip.
4.4.1.1.5.1 Internal fault

Send signal if pilot zero current Operation
Pilot zero current Operation + permission Signal from Remote end for
the setting of T0_pilot.
4.4.1.1.5.2 External Fault
Because the directional element near fault detects reverse direction, it does
not send permissive signal to the remote. Although the remote relay can send
signal, it cannot receive the remote permissive signal, therefore, both of two
sides do not trip.
Relay
startup
&
AND-1
Relay reset
& CARR (DEF)
Pilot zero AND-3 Send
operation
POR Enabled 1
OR-1 & |0 T0| Pilot trip
PUR Enabled AND-4
CARR (DEF) &

AND-2
Received
Fig.4-11-b CSC-101 pilot zero sequence current protection logic
4.4.1.2 Under reach permissive mode
CSC-101 pilot protection logic for under reach permissive mode is shown in Fig.4-12.
When internal fault occurs, the startup elements and zone 1 can operate, permissive
-33 -
signal is sent out to the remote to permit the remote trip. If it is external fault that
occurs on line, the forward directional element of one end of the line operates and
does not receive permissive signal while that of another end of the line does not
operate and receive permissive signal, therefore, both ends cant trip.
4.4.1.2.1 Internal fault
Instantaneous trip if Zone 1 Operation
pilot distance + permission Signal from Remote end for 5ms.
Zone 1 operates that permissive signal is sent out to the remote.
4.4.1.2.2 External Fault
Because the directional element near fault detects reverse direction, it does not send
permissive signal to the remote. Although the remote relay can send signal, it cannot
receive the remote permissive signal, therefore, both of two sides do not trip.
4.4.1.2.3 Power flow reversing for external fault
This function doesnt consider power flow reversing for external fault.
4.4.1.2.4 Protection schemes for feeder
When the binary setting Feeder_FUNC is enabled.
For feeder end, sudden-change current startup element cannot operates, the
logic of the low voltage is startup.
If the relay at feeder end receives the remote permissive signal and <low
voltage element> operates, relay startup.
For feeder end, sudden-change current startup element operates, the

operating logic of the relay is as below.
Within 200ms after protection pickup, if <low voltage element> operates, both
the forward and reverse directional element at feeder end do not operate,
and the permissive signal has been received for 5ms, sending signal
lasted for 150ms to ensure the relay at power source end trips quickly.
Feeder end can also trip.
4.4.1.2.5 The protection is not picked up, receives the remote signal < CARR RECIEVED >
and there are < CB OPEN A(B,C)-PHASE >,send signal can be done for 200ms
to ensure the remote pilot protection operates reliably.
-34 -
Relay
startup
&
AND-1
Relay reset & CARR Send

AND-4 OR-2 signal
Zone 1
operation
Pilot
distance &
AND-5
operation
Delay time &
5ms & AND-2
AND-3
CARR & Trip single
AND-6
Received
Single fault
& Trip three
Multiphase AND-7 phase
fault
Muti_ph trip Permenent
no_ARis
&
enabled AND-8 trip
& |0 150|
AND-9
Low voltage
CB OPEN A-
PHASE OR-1
&
CB OPEN B- & AND- |0 200|
AND- 11
PHASE 10
CB OPEN C-
PHASE
Fig.4-12 CSC-101 pilot protection for under reach permission mode logic
4.5 Three zones distance protection

The distance relay consists of 3 zones phase-to-phase and 3 zones phase-to-earth
distance elements.
Zone of distance relay and zone or zone of distance relay are controlled
respectively to be on or off by the binary settings of zone and that of zone or
zone of distance relay.
4.5.1 The logic of the distance protection
4.5.1.1 Power swing blocking
After the sudden-change current startup element operates the protection system
-35 -
switches the executing program to the fault processed part, the distance
measurement element is instantaneously opened for 150ms. Within 150ms, zone 1,
zone 2 , zone 3 of distance relay are fixedly put into operation. In 150ms after the
sudden-change current startup element operates, or when the loss of static steady
startup element or zero-current startup element operates, the executing program will
directly go into the logic part of power swing blocking. In this period, zone 1, zone 2
and zone 3 of distance relay must be enabled by fault detector of power swing
blocking, that is, asymmetry faults are detected by asymmetry fault detector, three
phase fault is detected by the impedance change rate detectordR/dt.
Zone 1, zone 2 and zone 3 of distance relay are respectively controlled by different
binary settings to be selected whether they are blocked during power swing blocking.
If the control bit is set on, zone 1 or zone 2 or Zone 3 of distance relay is put into
operation without blocking element after the protection starts.
During power swing, there is a special program module to detect whether power
swing quiets down or not, that is, if all zero-current detection element, the loss of
static stability detection element and six impedance of zone 3 of distance relay dont
operate, after 5s, the whole system resets.
4.5.1.2 Protection logic after one phase trip
In the logic after one phase trip, if the following conditions are satisfied, zone 1 of
distance relay will output tripping command
Sudden-change current element DI2 based on both healthy phases starts.
Fault component directional element corresponding with element DI2 detects

forward fault.
Any of impedance of healthy phase-to-ground or healthy phase-to-phase is

located within the protected range of zone 1 of distance relay.
If the following conditions are satisfied, zone 2 of distance relay will output tripping
command
Sudden-change current element DI2 based on both healthy phases starts.
Fault component directional element corresponding with element DI2 detects

forward fault.
Any of impedance of healthy phase-to-ground or healthy phase-to-phase is

located within the protected range of zone 2 of distance relay.
Verified following the time delay of zone 2 of distance relay.
4.5.1.3 Post-acceleration for manual close or autoreclosure
When manual close to a fault line occurs, the distance relay will accelerate zone 1,
-36 -
zone 2 and zone 3 to operate. Six kinds of impedance will be calculated, if any of
them is located in the area of operating characteristics with offset region, the distance
relay operates.
The following functions are provided for post-acceleration of distance relay
Approximate reactance acceleration After CB is reclosed, if the measured

impedance of the faulted phase is in the range of zone 2, and its reactance
component is approximate to that before CB is tripped, the relay is quickened
to trip. This function is fixed to be active within 100ms.
Instantaneous accelerated zone 2, this is controlled by the control bit Z2

Speed.
Instantaneous accelerated zone 3, this is controlled by the control bit Z3

Speed.
Accelerated zone 3 with 1.5s delay to avoid power swing, this function is fixed
to put into operation without control word to be on or off.
4.5.1.4 TV circuit open
When TV circuit is open, the distance relay exits, and at the same time, the voltage of
TV is monitored continually. Once the voltage comes to the normal for 500ms, the
distance relay will be automatically put into operation again. In the event of VT Fail
condition, all distance units are blocked to operate., one definite and one inverse
stage phase overcurrent, and one definite and one inverse stage zero current
protection can be used. Their setting and delay time can be set independently.
4.5.2 Schedule of the distance relay as shown in Tab.4-5
Tab. 4-5
Item Control bit

Control bit
Power
Tripping Speedup Output control
Zone Swing
mode
Blocking
Control word of
Zone 1 of Blocked /
Z1_FUNC Single
phase-to-earth unblocked
tripping
Zone 1 of Blocked / Three trip/ Control word of

phase-to-phase unblocked Final trip Z1_FUNC
Blocked / Selecting trip Control word of

Zone 2 0s On /Off
unblocked / Final trip Z2_FUNC
-37 -
0s On /Off
Blocked / Three trip / Control word of
Zone 3 Fixed to run
unblocked Final trip Z3_FUNC
with 1.5s delay
Approximate X Run automatically

Fixed to 100ms
acceleration trip NO AR
Control word of OC VT
OC VT FAIL Final trip /exit
FAIL
OC_INV VT Control word of

Final trip /exit
FAIL OC_INV VT FAIL
Control word of EFVT

EF VT FAIL Final trip /exit
FAIL
EF_INV VT Control word of

Final trip /exit
FAIL EF_INV VT FAIL
4.6 Distance protection logic block

Refer to figure 4-14 for the distance protection logic block. For the delay symbols in
the figure, refer to the setting table in the instruction manual.
4.6.1 The start component IQD acts and the measurement components will be open for a
short time within 150ms. Via computation and determination, namely < I zone>-JLI
-Y22-Y32-H21-single trip.
4.6.2 If the impedance computed by the program is within the distance I

action zone
The control word KG6 control the system swing. If the KG6 is set to 0, no system
swing occurs and H8 directly opens the gate Y23 and Y24; If KG6 is set to 1, the
system swing occurs and H2-Y19-H7-H8 opens the gate Y23 and Y24.
<phase to earth distance I zone >-JLIY3Y13-Y23-H21-single trip.
< phase to phase distance I zone >- JLIY4Y14-Y24-H11-Y10- KG21(Y28- KG21)

-H25-H23-three trip, or KG21 -H24-H29-permanent trip.
4.6.3 If the impedance computed by the program is within the II zone
the control word KG6 controls the system swing. If KG6 is set to 0, no system swing
occurs and H9 directly opens the gate Y25 and Y26; If KG6 is set to 1, the
-38 -
oscillation lock occurs and H2-Y19-H7-H9 opens the gate Y25 and Y26.
< phase to earth distance II zone >Y5Y15-Y25-TD2-H14-KG21 (set to 0) -H21-

selective trip, or KG20 (set to 1) -H24-H29permanent trip.
< phase to phase distance II zone >-JL.Y6Y16-Y26-TX2-H14- KG19 (set to

0) -H21-selective trip, or KG20 (set to 1) -H24-H29permanent trip.
4.6.4 Fault within III zone
The control word KG16 controls the system swing. If KG6 is set to 0, no system
swing occurs
< phase to earth distance III zone>Y7Y17- TD3-H13- -H29permanent trip.
< phase to phase distance zone>Y8Y18-TX3- H13-H29permanent trip.
phase to phase fault permanent trip: H11-Y10-KG21(set to 1)-H24-H29-permanent

trip, or KG21(set to 0)-H25-H23-three trip.
Three phase fault permanent trip: H11-Y28-KG21(set to 1)-H24H29-permanent

trip, or KG21(set to 0)-H25-H23-three trip.
4.6.5 For VT fail, the gates Y3Y8 and Y22 are locked- and the distance protection for all
zones exits; TV fail over-current or TV fail zero-current starts up,Y20-T1L-H29-
permanent trip.
4.6.6 SOTF: if any impedance is within, and zone, the exit will instantly trip and
the gate H6-Y11-H29permanently trip.
4.6.7 Speed up after Reclosure
Instant speedup II zone and the gate H16-KG10-H17-Y12-H29-permanent
trip;
Instantaneous speedup III zone and the gate H15-KG11-H17-Y12-H29-
permanent trip;
If KG11 does not operate, III zone is accelerated with avoidance delay and
the gate H15-1.5s-H17-Y12-H29-permanent trip;
X approximate acceleration after reclose, Y21 (locked after 100ms) -H29-
permanent trip.
-39 -
Delay Timedelay T1 OPTD

Muti_PH Trip NO_A/R
or
KG20:Z2 And 3I02 NO_A/R
delay T2 reset
Permanent
Z3 PS_Block
1_Phase
3_Phase
Z PS_Block
Trip
Z3 Speed
Z2 Speed
Trip
Trip
and
Note
Fig.4-14 Distance logic

1
.5s 0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
Speed after AR
I_power swing
NEG POS DIR
3i0 startup
MEM POS DIR
Overcurrent
open swing
3_PH Fault
Speed
1PH OR 2PH
VT Fail
I_abrupt
z1_pep
Fault
z2_pe
z2_pp
z3_pe
z3_pp
z1_pe
Fault
SOTF
4.7 Description of zero-sequence function

4.7.1 Function configuration of zero sequence protection
Four-zone zero-sequence direction protection and zero-sequence reverse stage

protection operate under the normal operation, the zero-sequence I zone has the
automatic direction and the other zones can all be locked by direction or non direction
element according to the control word. The zero-sequence I,2,3,4 stage can be
-40 -
enabled through the control of 3I01_FUNC, 3I02_FUNC, 3I02_FUNC,

3I04_FUNC . The zero-sequence reverse stage protection can be enabled through
the control of 3I0_INV FUNC. For the non full phase, stage 1,2,3 is blocked. The
zero-sequence IV stage with a delay (T04500ms) (for the connection with the line
VT, no direction and for the connection with bus VT, enabled/disabled under the
controller of the control word) and zero-sequence reverse time limit protection are be
enabled.
After the abrupt startup or zero-sequence current startup, the zero-sequence I, II, III
and IV zone and the reverse stage zero-sequence protection startup. After the
zero-sequence I, II and III zone act, a phase will be selected to trip (II and III zone can
make a permanent trip). After the zero-sequence IV zone acts, there is a permanent
trip or three phase trip. After the zero-sequence reverse time limit action, there is a
permanent trip or three phase trip.
During a period of time, all the zero-sequence zones dont meet the action condition,
protection will be reset.
4.7.2 The reverse stage Zero-sequence protection
The reverse stage zero-sequence protection direction can be enabled/disabled via

the control word. The feature curve equation of the reverse time limit is shown as
follows:
K
T Ts
Id R
( ) 1
Iset
Wherein: Id short circuit current
K zero-sequence reverse time limit coefficient
R zero-sequence reverse time limit index setting;
Iset zero-sequence reverse time limit current index;
Ts Zero-sequence reverse time limit delay setting, meeting the requirement of the
reverse stage zero-sequence.
Set with the following parameters to get:
R=0.02 and K=0.14 standard reverse time limit (IEC standard);
R=1 and K=13.5 ultra-reverse time limit;
R=2 and K=80 Different reverse time limit curve such as extreme reverse time
limit
4.7.3 Description of zero-sequence protection programs
-41 -
4.7.3.1 3U0 polarity
The self-generated 3U0 is used for the protection. Namely the software adds three
phase voltages to get 3U0 for a direction determination. When VT fail, the
zero-sequence protection with direction will exit and the zero-sequence zone without
direction will be reserved.
4.7.3.2 CT fail
To prevent the CT fail from leading to a mistaken action of the sensitive

zero-sequence III stage or IV stage, because there is no zero-sequence voltage upon
CT disconnection, the zone with possible mistaken action can be made to have a
direction and then the zero-sequence direction component is used for a lock. The
zero-sequence current will exist for a long time when CT is disconnected. When the
zero-sequence current last 12s and it is higher than the IV zone setting I04, <CT
fail> is reported and all zero-sequence zones are locked by the protection.
4.7.3.3 The logic after one phase trip
Zero-sequence IV zone (action time is T04-500ms) after one phase trip is used to
eliminate the secondary fault in a non full phase operation. Note: if the VT is on the
line side, the zero-sequence voltage of the non full phase secondary fault is not the
true fault zero-sequence voltage. So the zero-sequence IV zone with a delay (T04
500ms, longer than single reclose time) is not set with a direction.
4.7.3.4 Acceleration after manual closes and recloses
If the zero-sequence protection of the IED is determined as the manual close and
speedup will operate through the control word of 3I0 Speed, and it has a 0.06s delay
and make a permanent trip action. Direction is not determined upon manual close.
The manual close stage have a 0.06s delay in order to avoid the three phase
discordance of the breaker.
4.8 Zero-sequence protection logic block

The zero-sequence logic block is shown as figure 4-15.
After the break start component or zero-sequence auxiliary start component start, and
enter into the fault processing procedure, the zero-sequence zone (I01I04)
and reverse stage zero-sequence protection operate in the full phase operation. The
I01I04 zone is locked in the non full phase operation. The I04 short time zone
operate.
4.8.1 The zone-sequence I zone will include automatic direction. The reverse stage
-42 -
zero-sequence dont consider with direction. Each of the zero-sequence I01I04
zones direction are separately controlled by their own control words, namely KG26
KG28 respectively controls I02, I03 and I04.
When CT fail, the feature that no zero-sequence voltage exists when VT disconnects
is used to make the possible mistaken protection action have a direction and the
zero-sequence direction component is used to realize a lock. If the zero-sequence
current exists for a long time, <CT fail> will send alarm signals after 12s and all
the zero-sequence zones are blocked, namely the gate Y11Y14 are blocked.
4.8.2 The self-produced 3U0 and 3I0 are used by the zero-sequence direction module for
direction determination. When VT is fail, the zero-sequence protection will without
direction.
4.8.3 Fault action logic
To the line fault, start component acts. While the component entre into the fault
processing procedure, the fault selection phase is made.
4.8.3.1 Faults withinzone:
The gate Y4-Y11-Y22- H5 will output. If the protection <selects single phase>, the
gate Y26zero-sequence single trip; if the protection <selects inter-phase>, the
gate Y27KG21 (set to 1) H10-zero-sequence permanent trip, or KG21 (set
to 0) H2-zero-sequence three trip;
If the protection <select three trip>, the gate Y28 KG21 (set to 1) H10-
zero-sequence permanent trip, or KG21 (set to 0) H2-zero-sequence three
trip.
4.8.3.2 Faults within and zones:
The trip can be enabled or disabled under control of the control words and the
selective trip or permanent trip command is controlled under the control of the control
words. The KG14-Y5-Y12-T02 (KG15-Y6-Y13-T03) -H6-KG20 (set to 0) -H5
outputs; if the protection <select single phase>, the gate Y26zero-sequence
single trip; if the protection <selects inter-phase>, the gate Y27KG21 (set to 1)
H10-zero-sequence permanent trip, or KG21 (set to 0) H2-zero-sequence
three trip; if the protection <selects three phase> the gate Y28KG21 (set to 1)
H10-zero-sequence permanent trip, or KG21 (set to 0) H2-zero-sequence
three trip. If KG20 is set to1-H8-H10-zero-sequence permanent trip.
4.8.3.3 Faults within zone:
The trip is controlled by the control word to transmit three trip command or permanent
-43 -
command and the Y7-Y14-T04- -H8-H10-zero-sequence permanent trip.
4.8.4 For the non full phase, the block can easily make all zones act by mistake, namely
the gate Y4-7 closes I01 -I04;
Faults in non full phase operation:
Zero-sequence IV zone:
Voltage is connected with the line VT : the zero-sequence IV zone does not include a
direction and experiences LXqt Y2-H12-Y9-(T04-500) H11 zero-sequence
permanent trip;
The voltage is connected with the bus VT: IV zone includes a direction and
experiences the connector LXqtY32 (direction control) -H12-Y9-(T04-500)H11-
orzero sequence permanent trip;
4.8.5 < reverse stage zero-sequence protection > actsY16-TFSX-H10-zero-sequence

permanent trip
-44 -
3PH Fault
PH-PH Fault
Sigle PHASE Sigle TRIP

SOTF 0
1
AR Accelerate
DIR
1
JUDGE
3U0
3I01 Stage 1
0
0
1
0 1
3I02 Stage
1
0
0
-45 -
3I03 Stage
1
1
0
Trip NO
1
3I04 Stage
AR
1
3PH Trip
Run
3 Phase Run Alarm
3I0_INV FUNC NOTE:

1
TA Fail
3I0>I04 KG22: 3I01_FUNC
KG23: 3I02_FUNC
KG24: 3I03_FUNC
KG25: 3I04_FUNC
KG26: 3I0_2 Direction
Figure4-15 zero-sequence direction protection logic block KG27: 3I0_3 Direction
KG28: 3I0_4 Direction
KG21: Muti_PH Trip NO_A/R
KG31: 3I0_INV FUNC
4.9 STUB PROT logic

A stub fault is a short circuit located between the current transformer set and the line
isolator. It is of particular importance with the 3/2 circuit breaker arrangements. figure
4-16
CB CB
CT
3 CT 6
G G
1 8
1 3
CB CB
2
CT CT 5
CT CT
7
G 2 G
3 6
2 4
STUB
CT CT
CB CB
fault
4 5
1 4
BUS I
Figure4-16 Stub fault at an 11/2 circuit breaker arrangement

If a short circuit current flows while the line isolator is open, this implies that a fault in
the stub range between the current transformers and the line isolator exists. The
circuit breakers CB1 and CB2 that carry the short-circuit current can be tripped
without delay. The stub protection is an overcurrent protection which is only in service
when the state of the line isolator indicates the open condition via a binary input
STUB PROT ENABLE . The binary input must therefore be operated via an auxiliary
contact of the isolator. The stub protection stage has two stages definite time
overcurrent stage. The first stage can trip without delay time, The delay time of the
second stage can be set. Any of stage can be enabled via the control word.
-46 -
OC1_STUB FUNC
Ia(b,c)>IOC
1_STUB
Ia(b,c)>IOC OC2_STUB FUNC
TOC2_STUB OR-1
2_STUB Permenent
&
AND-1 trip
STUB PROT
ENABLE
Figure4-17 Stub function logic
-47 -
5 Setting and calculation

All relays settings are listed in a same setting list. The printed setting sheet consists
of two parts setting list and communication parameters.
5.1 Setting sheet

5.1.1 Equip Parameter Setting values for CSC-101A
Equipment Parameters is shown in Tab.5-1.
Tab.5-1
No. Setting name Unit Setting range
1 CT_PRIMARY A 1~9999
2 CT_SECONDARY A 1~5
3 U_PRIMARY kV 1~1200
4 U_ SECONDARY V 100~120
5.1.2 The settings of CSC-101A
5.1.2.1 Protection Functions Settings ( shown in Tab.5-2 )
Tab.5-2
No. Name Unit Setting range
1. I_abrupt A 0.220(0.044)
2. 3I0_Startup A 0.220(0.044)
3. I_PowerSwing A 0.5100(0.120)
4. 3I0_Pilot A 0.05100.012
5. X_Pilot 0.01120(0.05600)
6. R_Pilot 0.01120(0.05600)
7. T0_Pilot s 0.0110
8. Tw_reverse ms 0100
9. R1_line 0.01120(0.05600)
10. X1_line 0.01120(0.05600)
11. KX -0.3310
12. KR -0.3310
13. Line length km 0655.4
14. R1_PE 0.01120(0.05600)
15. X1_PE 0.01120(0.05600)
16. R2_PE 0.01120(0.05600)
17. X2_PE 0.01120(0.05600)
-48 -
18. T2_PE s 0.0110

19. R3_PE 0.01120(0.05600)
20. X3_PE 0.01120(0.05600)
21. T3_PE s 0.0110
22. R1_PP 0.01120(0.05600)
23. X1_PP 0.01120(0.05600)
24. R2_PP 0.01120(0.05600)
25. X2_PP 0.01120(0.05600)
26. T2_PP s 0.0110
27. R3_PP 0.01120(0.05600)
28. X3_PP 0.01120(0.05600)
29. T3_PP s 0.0110
30. I_OC VT fail A 0.5100(0.120)
31. T_OC VT fail s 0.0110
32. I_OC_INV VT fail A 0.5100(0.120)
33. FactorOC_INV VT fail 0.011000
34. IndexOC_INV VT fail 0.018
35. TOC_INV VT fail s 010
36. I_EF VT fail A 0.5100(0.120)
37. T_EF VT fail s 0.0110
38. I_EF_INV VT fail A 0.5100(0.120)
39. FactorEF_INV VT fail 0.011000
40. IndexEF_INV VT fail 0.018
41. T EF_INV VT fail s 010
42. IOC1_STUB A 0.5100(0.120)
43. IOC2_STUB A 0.5100(0.120)
44. TOC2_STUB s 0.0110
45. 3I0_1 A 0.5100(0.120)
46. 3I0_2 A 0.5100(0.120)
47. T0_2 s 0.0110
48. 3I0_3 A 0.5100(0.120)
49. T0_3 s 0.0110
50. 3I0_4 A 0.5100(0.120)
51. T0_4 s 0.0110
52. 3I0 Speed A 0.5100(0.120)
53. 3I0_INV A 0.2100(0.0420)
54. T0_factor 0.011000
55. Index N0_INV 0.018
56. T0_INV s 010
5.1.2.2 Description of control words ( shown in.Tab.5-3 )
-49 -
Tab.5-3
NO. Setting name
1. Pilot DIST Enable
2. Pilot DEF Enable
3. Weak Infeed
4. POTT
5. PUTT
6. Z PS_Block
7. Z1_FUNC
8. Z2_FUNC
9. Z3_FUNC
10. Z2 Speed
11. Z3 Speed
12. Z3 PS_Block
13. OC VT FAIL
14. OC_INV VT FAIL
15. EF VT FAIL
16. EF_INV VT FAIL
17. OC1_STUB FUNC
18. OC2_STUB FUNC
19. 3PH Trip Mode
20. Z2 And 3I02 NO_A/R
21. Muti_PH Trip NO_A/R
22. 3I01_FUNC
23. 3I02_FUNC
24. 3I03_FUNC
25. 3I04_FUNC
26. 3I0_2 Direction
27. 3I0_3 Direction
28. 3I0_4 Direction
29. 3I0_Speed FUNC
30. 3I0_Speed DIR
31. 3I0_INV FUNC
5.1.3 Description of settings
5.1.3.1 U_PRIMARY Set to be actual rated primary voltage of TV, unit is kV.
5.1.3.2 U_SECONDARY: Set to be actual rated secondary voltage of TV, unit is V.
5.1.3.3 CT_PRIMARY, CT_SECONDARY: Set to be the rated primary current whose unit
is kA. There are two specifications of rated secondary current, 1A or 5A.
-50 -
5.1.3.4 The setting values are all secondary values if there is no special note. Impedance
setting is set according to positive impedance of line. All zero-sequence current is
3I0.
5.1.3.5 I_abrupt0.2In is commonly recommended.
5.1.3.6 3I0_Startup240A of primary current is commonly recommended.
5.1.3.7 I_PowerSwingSet by avoiding the maximum load current.
5.1.3.8 3I0_Pilot: Setting of pilot zero-sequence current relay, relay sends signal if
zero-sequence forward direction and zero current more than this setting.
5.1.3.9 X_Pilot and R_Pilot: Pilot reactance setting and resistance setting, if POTP
function is enabled, distance relay send signal if the direction is forward and
impedance calculate within the reactance setting and resistance setting.
5.1.3.10 T0_Pilot: Delay time Setting of pilot zero-sequence current, relay trip delay time the
setting from receiving signal.
5.1.3.11 Tw_reverse: the delay time of power from reverse to forward, this setting need
consider the delay time of the channel.
5.1.3.12 KXCalculated based on the actual line parameters, setting value ought to be less
than or close to calculation value.
KX = (X0-X1 ) / 3X1
5.1.3.13 KRCalculated based on the actual line parameters, setting value ought to be less
than or close to calculation value.
KR = (R0-R1 ) / 3R1
5.1.3.14 X1_line, R1_line Set according to secondary values of actual line parameters.
5.1.3.15 Line lengthEqual to actual length.
5.1.3.16 R1_PE, R2_PE, R3_PE resistance setting of 1st, 2nd, 3rd zone ground
distance relay, set to avoid load impedance. As the setting range of ground resistance
component is usually set to be rather large due to avoiding load impedance,
Reactance:
-51 -
XDZ
ZZD
d RDZ
XDZ(Sindtg7Cosd)|ZZD|
The d is positive-sequence impedance angle, when it is 70 90 and XDZ

|Zzd|the relation between relative error and d is shown in Tab.11-2
Tab.5-5
d 90 85 80 76 73 72 70
Zzd - XDZ
*100% 0 0.68% 0.61% 0 0.79% 1.11% 1.87
XDZ
5.1.3.17 X1_PE according to 0.80.85 times of positive reactance of full line, it must be
lessened properly for lines with mutual inductance.
5.1.3.18 X2_PE, T2_PESet to be satisfied with sensitivity and the matched requirement
for terminal fault of current line.
5.1.3.19 X3_PE, T3_PESet to be satisfied with sensitivity and the matched requirement
5.1.3.20 R1_PP, R2_PP, R3_PP resistance setting of 1st, 2nd, 3rd zone phase-phase
distance relay, set to avoid load impedance. As the setting range of ph-ph resistance
component is usually set to be rather large due to avoiding load impedance,
5.1.3.21 X1_PP according to 0.80.85 times of positive reactance of full line, it must be
lessened properly for lines with mutual inductance.
5.1.3.22 X2_PP, T2_PPSet to be satisfied with sensitivity and the matched requirement
5.1.3.23 X3_PP, T3_PPSet to be satisfied with sensitivity and the matched requirement
5.1.3.24 I_OC VT failOnly used after TV broken, set by single phase current to avoid load
current and be satisfied with sensitivity for terminal fault.
-52 -
5.1.3.25 T_OC VT fail: Delay setting of overcurrent and zero-sequence overcurrent for TV
broken.
5.1.3.26 I_EF VT fail: Only used after TV broken, set to be satisfied with sensitivity for
terminal fault.
5.1.3.27 T_EF VT failDelay setting of overcurrent and zero-sequence overcurrent for TV

broken.
5.1.3.28 3I0_1Set to avoid the maximum zero-current at ground fault of current line end.
5.1.3.29 3I0_2, T0_2, 3I0_3, T0_3, 3I0_4, T0_4: According to the matched
requirements. 4th stage zero-current need not be disenabled during open-phase
operation but its delay is lessened 0.5s than the delay time setting of 4th stage
zero-current relay (noticethis delay must be larger than the delay of single-phase
reclosure).
5.1.3.30 3I0_INV, T0_factor, Index N0_INV, T0_INV:Standard inverse time curve is

recommended.
5.1.3.31 IOC1_STUB , IOC2_STUB ,TOC2_STUB are used STUB function.
5.1.4 Description of control words
5.1.4.1 Pilot DIST Enable: pilot distance function is enabled.
5.1.4.2 Pilot DEF Enable: pilot zero sequence direction function is enabled.
5.1.4.3 Weak Infeed: if the one side is weak source, the setting is enabled on this side, but
the other side must not be enabled.
5.1.4.4 Z PS_Block :1st and 2nd zone distance relay with power swing blocking, When it is
set to 1, 1st or 2nd zone distance relay must be enabled by power swing blocking
elements after sudden-change current startup element has been operating for 150ms
or loss of stability detector operates. If it is set to 0, 1st or 2nd zone distance relay is
enabled from startup to whole system reset. 3rd zone distance relay is enabled from
startup to whole system reset, it is fixed.
5.1.4.5 Z1_FUNC, Z2_FUNC , Z3_FUNC: distance 1,2,3 zone functions is enabled.
5.1.4.6 Z2 Speed and Z3 Speed: instantaneous accelerated 2nd zone distance relay enabled
and instantaneous accelerated 3rd zone distance relay enabled. All control bits about
acceleration are depended on acceleration after autoreclosure.
-53 -
5.1.4.7 OC VT FAIL, OC_INV VT FAIL , EF VT FAIL, EF_INV VT FAIL: overcurrent and

zero-sequence overcurrent for TV broken will be enabled after TV broken.
5.1.4.8 3PH Trip Mode: relay trip three phase for single phase fault.
5.1.4.9 Z2 And 3I02 NO_A/R: 2nd zone distance and 2nd & 3rd stage zero current relay
permanent trip enabled, it is set to 1, 2nd zone distance relay and 2nd & 3rd stage
zero current relay will operate to perform permanent tripping. Set to 0, 2nd zone
distance relay and 2nd & 3rd stage zero current relay will operate to perform selective
tripping or three-phase tripping. 3rd zone distance relay will operate to perform
permanent tripping, it is fixed. 4th stage zero relay will operate to perform permanent
tripping, it is fixed.
5.1.4.10 Muti_PH Trip NO_A/R: Enabled if this bit is set to 1, permanent trip command
(blocking autoreclosure) will be sent out for all phase-phase faults (including
three-phase faults). Disenabled if it is set to 0, then three-pole trip command will be
sent out for ph-ph faults.
5.1.4.11 OC1_STUB FUNC and OC2_STUB FUNC: 1st and 2nd stage overcurrent function is
enabled for STUB.
5.1.4.12 3I01_FUNC, 3I02_FUNC, 3I03_FUNC, 3I04_FUNC: zero sequence current 1,2,3,4

stage function is enabled.
5.1.4.13 3I0_2 Direction, 3I0_3 Direction,3I0_4 Direction: Zero-sequence II, III and IV stage
operation with direction: upon operation, when the zero-sequence direction is
determined as the positive direction, the corresponding zone can act. The
zero-sequence I zone will automatically carry a direction.
5.1.4.14 3I0_Speed FUNC: Acceleration zero-sequence zone function.
5.1.4.15 3I0_Speed DIR: Acceleration zero-sequence zone direction, it are only indicates the
reclose post acceleration; if it is set to 1 , Acceleration zero-sequence can trip as the
positive direction for the reclose speed. For SOTF speedup zero-sequence can trip
for the fault . For acceleration after reclose and SOTF, the zero-sequence speed up
zone makes a fixing operation with 60ms delay.
5.1.4.16 3I0_INV FUNC: Inverse time zero-current protection is recommended to employ

standard inverse time curve, if element of inverse time zero current is enabled, this
protection can not operate if zero-sequence element can not detect forward fault.
Inverse time zero current permanent trip, it is fixed.
-54 -
5.2 Communication parameters

The communication parameters of CSC-101 series system are all the same. Each
meaning of them and their setup methods are shown in Tab.5-6.
Tab.5-6
No. Paramet Range Setup method Remark
er
01 Current 0132 Use and Current number of
setting keys on faceplate to setting zone
zone modify current setting
number
02 Equipme 10ABH Enter into menu system Address range 10
nt setupcommunication ABH
address addressLon network
and 485 address
03 Baud rate 9600 Means that baud rate of 9600,192000 and
of series RS485 is 9600 (cannot 38400 can be set for
port be set below version V2.03 and above
2.03)
04 Line Set actual line name by CSPC program or ISN Character numbers of
name on faceplate line name can not be
larger than 30
05 Type of B2H Enter into menu system function code of
103 setup103 function CSC-101 is B2H
type to set
IEC60870-5-103
function code
06 Time Network mode, Enter into menu system Optional network mode,
synchroni minute pulse and setuptiming mode pulse mode based on
zation second pulse mode GPS IRIG-B
07 Protocol Communication Enter into menu system CSC-2000 protocol can
type protocol V1.20 setupprotocol option be selected for LON net
Communication or Ethernet. This option
protocol V1.10 need not be disposed
when information of
IEC60870-5-103
protocol are output from
port 485.
08 SOE Manual reset, Enter into menu system Optional manual reset
reset automatic reset setupSOE reset (receive reset
command to reset
SOE) or automatic
-55 -
No. Paramet Range Setup method Remark

er
reset (reset SOE in 10s)
09 Address ***.***.***.*** Enter into menu system Set according to local
of (net section 1.2.3.4) setupcommunication condition, can not be
Ethernet addressEthernet 1 the same as section 2
1 or 3 Ethernet 2
10 Address ***.***.***.*** Enter into menu system Set according to local
of (net section 1.2.3.4) setupcommunication condition, can not be
Ethernet addressEthernet 2 the same as section 2
2 or 3 Ethernet 1. If it is
connected to CSN
protocol switched case
to extend RS-485,
address of Ethernet 2
must be set as:
10.10.6.124
-56 -
6 Reports
6.1 Overview
The IED provides quick, complete and reliable information about disturbances in the
system, and about the operation and state of the IED. This information is important to
used for different purposes for operators and engineers in the short term (e.g.
corrective actions) and in the long term (e.g. Functional Analysis).
All information is divided into four types of reports:
event report;
Initiating report;
Alarm report;
Operation report;
6.2 Event and Initiating reports

Event reports are shown in Tab.6-1.
Tab.6-1
No. Report No. Report
1 Relay Startup 30 Z Send Signal
2 Z Startup 31 3I0 Send Signal
3 3I0 Startup 32 Abpt Send Signal
4 I_PS Startup 33 Trip Send Signal
5 Z2 Speed Trip 34 CBO Send Signal
6 Z3 Speed Trip 35 Weak Send Signal
7 Z Trip_SOTF 36 3PH Trip
8 Z Speed Trip 37 3I0_INV Trip
9 RE_Trip NO AR 38 3I0 Speed Trip
10 3P Trip(1T_Fail) 39 To 3_PH Trip
11 Z1 Trip EVOL 40 3_PH Trip
12 Z2 Trip EVOL 41 A_PH Trip
13 Fault Location 42 B_PH Trip
14 Z Location 43 C_PH Trip
15 3I01 Trip 44 Z1_pe Trip
18 3I04 Trip 47 Z1_pp Trip
19 3I0 Trip_SOTF 48 Z2_pp Trip
-57 -
20 Z Speed Enable 49 Z3_pp Trip

21 Pilot Trip 50 EF_VT Fail Trip
22 Pilot EVOL 51 OC_VT Fail Trip
23 Pilot Trip_SOTF 52 VOL For Fault
24 Z Stop Signal 53 CURR For Fault
25 3I0 Stop Signal 54 STUB OC1 Trip
26 Abpt Stop Signal 55 STUB OC2 Trip
27 Trip Stop Signal 56 EFINV_VTFail OPD
28 CBO Stop Signal 57 OCINV_VTFail OPD
29 Weak Stop Signal 58
6.3 Alarm report
6.3.1 Alarm I ( shown in Tab.6-2-1)
Tab. 6-2-1
No. Report Causes and solutions
1 Sampling Err Check DC power supply, replace CPU module of
protection
2 EquipPara Err Solidify system parameter again, if failure, replace CPU
module
3 ROM Verify Err Check CPU module or replace CPU module
4 Setting Err Solidify setting and system parameter again, otherwise,
replace CPU module
5 Set Group Err Switch setting group, if failure, replace CPU module
6 DO Breakdown Make sure whether alarm I occurs to result in losing 24V
or nototherwise replace corresponding output module
7 DO No Response Fail to drive output but feedback is detected, means that
certain dynatron or optical isolator has been struck
through, ought to replace output module
8 DO EEPROM Err Replace corresponding output module
6.3.2 Alarm II (shown in Tab. 6-2-2)
Tab. 6-2-2
No. Report Causes and solutions
1. DI Comm Fail Make sure input module is inserted tightly, replace input module
2. DO Comm
Make sure output module is inserted tightly, replace output module
Fail
3. Test DO
Not reset after output driving, press reset button
Un_reset
-58 -
4. DI Breakdown Check input circuit, replace input module

5. DI Input Err Check +24V or replace input module
6. DI Check Err Check or replace input module
7. NO/NC
Check +24V or replace input module
Discord
8. DI EEPROM
Replace corresponding input module
Err
9. VT Fail View loop display, print sampled data, check voltage circuit
10. Overload
Prompt line overload, check line load or the setting of loss of static steady
alarm
11. CT Fail View loop display, print sampled data
12. CB Open_A Input of trip A is detected, and phase ABC has current, this alarm is
(BC)DI Err sent out. Check contact of trip A and its input circuit.
13. Pilot CHAN
Channel error
Err
14. If three-phase current or voltage is not positive sequence during normal
3PH
operation, this alarms. View analog quantities loop-displayed, print
Sequence Err
sampled data. Check current or voltage circuit.
15. Analog CHAN Calibration regulated, input values are not consistent with basic value.
Err Regulate calibration again.
16. Phasor of external 3I0 and self-produced 3I0 are reverse. Check current
3I0 Reverse
circuit connection.
17. Trip NO_A/R
Current exists in 5s after final trip is sent out, alarms. Check tripping circuit.
Fail
18. Harmonic3 If 3rd harmonic of voltage is excessive during normal operation, alarms.
Alarm Print sampled data, check voltage circuit.
19. CHAN_Loop
Set control bit of channel loop round test enabledto 0
Err
20. C/D Connt Err Both terminals Enable of the differential relay is discrepancy. Check straps.
21. SRAM Check
Check whether chips are falsely welded or damaged. replace CPU module.
Err
22. FLASH Check
Check whether chips are falsely welded or damaged. replace CPU module.
Err
23. CHAN_A and Channel A(B) received and dispatch mistake connecting receive and
B Err dispatch of channel B(A), report this message
6.3.3 Alarm messages of Communication module (shown in Tab.6-3)
Tab. 6-3
No. Report Detail Solutions

1 Communication Communication CPU working abnormality or CAN network
break breaker between communication error. Check CPU working
-59 -
CPU and status, or check CAN network on backboard.

communication
2 EquipPara Discord Solidify parameter once more, and power on
again, this alarm should disappear
3 SetGroup Discord Switch setting group once more, and power on
again, this alarm should disappear
4 Setting Discord Write setting , and power on again, this alarm
should disappear
5 LON1 Comm fail If LON1 need not be configuredcancel configuration of LON1 from
system option menu of debugging menu for leaving factory, and
power on again. This alarm should disappear. If LON1 needs to be
configured it is necessary to replace MD3120 chip
LON2 Comm fail If LON2 need not be configuredcancel configuration of LON2 from
6 system option menu of debugging menu for leaving factory, and
power on again. This alarm should disappear. If LON2 needs to be
configured it is necessary to replace MD3120 chip
Call Config Fail It is possible that the address of two CPU modules are the same, one
of CPU modules is not inserted or is connected badly.
Alarm code One of CPU modules is disenabled.
6.4 Operation reports

Operation reports are shown in Tab.6-4.
Tab.6-4
No. Report No. Report
1 SwSetGroup OK 2 ClrConfig OK
3 Write Set OK 4 Test DO OK
5 WriteEquipParaOK 6 DI Change
7 WriteConfig OK 8 AdjDrift OK
9 AdjScale OK 10 VT OK
6.5 Output of Event Report

6.5.1 Event reports output
The event reports can be searched and read conveniently on the HMI or by CSPC
software tool, and can be printed automatically if the IED is connected with a printer,
and can be transmit to the substation automation system automatically through
dedicated network.
6.5.2 Typical action event report
-60 -
The typical action report is shown in below format
1st row:
Number of IED;
2nd row:
Type of IED;
Version of Software;
The type of reports;
3rd row:
Bay name;
Network address of IED;
Date and time when report is output.
4th ~ 6th row:
Number of losing frame of two remote communication channels;

Sampling synchronization mode;
7th row;
Absolute data and time, in format: YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS.SSS;
8th to the end:
protection action events sequence with relative time tag in ms; The events consist of:
Actions of protection function with time tag;

Faulty phases;
Tripped phases;
Fault values for currents, voltages, resistances, reactances or etc;
Other information related with particular protection function.
-61 -
7 Disturbance record report

7.1 Overview
The Disturbance Recorder function supplies fast, complete and reliable information
about disturbances in the power system. It facilitates understanding system behavior
and related primary and secondary equipment during and after a disturbance. The
function is not dependent on the operation of protection functions. It can record
disturbances not detected by protection functions.
The Disturbance Recorder function acquires sampled data from all selected analogue
input and binary signals connected and can record the data of whole period of the
fault, from 140ms before fault takes place to 150 ms after the state of the last binary
input changes. The sample rate is 24 times per cycle, equal to 0.694ms between two
samples. At least 24 whole period fault records can be saved in the IED.
7.2 Disturbance record report output

Human Machine Interface (HMI) is used to view the list of recordings and print the
selected record report if the IED is connected with a printer.
The disturbance recording information can be uploaded in Comtrade format to

substation automation system or CSPC software tool and further analyzed using the
professional analysis software tool.
Note: If the test mode control linker is on, the new disturbance record report will not
be saved or uploaded.
7.3 Description of typical disturbance record report

7.3.1 Graphic mode
The disturbance record report is divided into two parts:
First part:
Protection action events sequence, which is same as the action event report
presented in previous chapter, Event Report of IED
Second part:
The part shows the waveform of analogue inputs and time sequence diagrams of
binary inputs and outputs. Its format is shown below:
Text Section:
st
1 row:
-62 -
Number of IED;
2nd row:
Absolute data and time, in format: YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS.SSS;
3rd row & following rows:
The designations of the numbers on the X-ordinate, which represent the

analogue inputs and binary inputs and outputs;
Last row:
scale of waveformthe unit scale length represent the value of secondary

currents and voltage.
Diagram Section:
X-ordinate:
The No. of analogue inputs and binary inputs and outputs;

Y-ordinate:
Relative time tag, ms

Waveforms and Time sequence diagrams:
They are waveforms of analogue inputs and time sequence lines of binary inputs and
outputs, illustrated from left to right. The line represented the binary input or output,
will become thick when the input or output is present.
7.3.2 Data mode
The complete disturbance record report is divided into two parts:
First part:
Protection action events sequence, which is same as the action event report
presented in previous chapter, Event Report of IED
Second part:
The sampling value of analogue input and bit data of binary inputs or outputs. Its
format is shown below:
Text Section:
st
1 row:
Number of IED;
2nd row:
Absolute data and time of recording, in format: YYYY-MM-DD

HH:MM:SS.SSS;
Sampling rate;
-63 -
Sampling times;
Type number of IED;
3rd row & following rows:
The designations of the numbers on the X-ordinate, which represent the

analogue inputs;
The designations of bit in the word, which represent the state of binary inputs
and outputs;
Data Section:
X-ordinate:
The number of the analogue inputs on the X-ordinate;
Y-ordinate:
The number of Sampling;
Data:
They are real-time sample values of analogue inputs and word of state of binary
inputs and outputs. The bit will be 1 when the represented binary input or output is
present.
-64 -
8 Operation
8.1 Human-Machine Interface ( HMI )
8.1.1 Overview
The human-machine interface is simple and easy to understand the whole front
plate is divided into zones, each of them with a well-defined functionality:
Status and alarm indication LEDs, which consist of 8 LEDs
Liquid crystal display (LCD), which can display 8 lines with up to 36

characters per line
Shortcut keys and functional keys
Keypad with push buttons for navigation purpose;
An isolated RS232 9-pin communication port, which is dedicated to

communication with engineer software, CSPC.
8.1.2 Keypad
The keypad is used to monitor and operate the IED. The keypad has the same look
and feel in all IEDs in the CSC series. LCD screens and other details may differ but
the way the keys function is identical. The keys used to operate the IED are described
below in table 8-1.
Table 8-1: Keypad keys on the front of the IED

Key function
SET SET key:
Enters main menu or sub-menu, and confirms the setting changes
QUIT QUIT key:
Navigates backward the upper menu.
Cancels current operation and navigates backward the upper
menu.
Returns normal rolling display mode
Locks and unlocks current display in the normal scrolling display
mode; (the locked display mode is indicated by a key type icon
on the upright corner of LCD.)
Right arrow key:
Moves right in menu.
Left arrow key:
Moves left in menu.
-65 -
Up arrow key:
Moves up in menu
Page up between screens
Increases value of setting.
Down arrow key
Moves down in menu
Page down between screens
Decreases the value of setting.
RESET key:
Reset LEDs
Return to normal scrolling display mode directly
RESET
8.1.3 Shortcut keys and functional keys
The shortcut keys and functional keys are below the LCD on the front panel. These
keys are designated to execute the frequent menu operations for users convenience.
The keys used to operate the IED are described below in table 8-2
Table 8-2: Shortcut keys and functional keys on the front of the IED
Key function
Report Report key:
Print the latest operation report
Set Setting key:
Print setting of current setting group
Sample Sample key:
Print current sampled data
Version Version key:
Print protection version information and current operating status
+ Plus key:
Switch next setting group forward as active setting group meaning
the number of setting group plus one.

_ Minus key
Switch next setting group backward as active setting group ,
meaning the number of setting group subtracted one.
8.1.4 LED
There are 8 LEDs on the left side of the LCD. The information that the LEDs indicate
is pre-defined and described in table 8-3
-66 -
Table 8-3 LED of CSC-101
LED Color Status Information
Steady In normal service

Run Green
Flash In initiating state
Trip A Red Steady Phase A trip command issued
Trip B Red Steady Phase B trip command issued
Trip C Red Steady Phase C trip command issued
Not used
Not used
Remote communication channel is

Chan Err Red Steady
interrupted or not ready.
Abnormal situation detected, only the
Steady corresponding protections are out of

Alarm Red service,
Internal serious fault, the IED is out of
Flash
service. All trip outputs are blocked
8.1.5 LCD
The LCD on the HMI can display 8 lines with up to 28 characters per line, with blue
background.
The back light will turn on automatically, when one key is pressed or an alarm is
reported, until a set time delay after the last operation or alarm.
8.2 Menu
8.2.1 Introduction
The main menu includes submenus such as Measurements, Events, Disturbance

Report, Settings, Diagnostics, Test and Reset. These branch out into a typical tree
structure.
There are three modes for different operation:
Normal scrolling display mode
Operating mode
Configuring mode
-67 -
8.2.1.1 Normal display mode
During the normal service without any operation, the LCD display scrolling the
information listed below:
Date ( year-month-day ) and time ( hour: minute: second )
Magnitude and angle of Ua, Ub, Uc Ia, Ib, Ic, 3I0;
Magnitude of P, Q;
Linkers enabled,
Active setting group No.
8.2.1.2 Operating mode
In the operating mode, user can navigate the main menu.
To Press SET to enter into main menu during Normal display mode.
The default operation password is 8888.
8.2.1.3 Configuring mode
This mode is only for manufacturer to complete final configuration of IED before
delivery.
8.2.2 Main menu
Menu Sub-menu Sub-submenu Description

Status AI Read the measuring secondary analogue value
of selected CPU modules
Version Read IED type and version of CPU software
DI Read current state of all binary inputson or
off,meaning that input is present or not.
Impedance Read the value of measuring impedance in
complex formation, including: Za ; Zb; Zc ; Zab;
Zbc; Zca;
Status Read the supervision value of hardware,
including:
Current temperature of IED;
Input voltage level 1 of binary input;
Input voltage level 2 of binary input;
Energizing voltage of output relays;
Equipcode Read the version, released time, and CRC code
of the software of all modules.
-68 -
Measure Read the measuring value of all analog input and

calculating inputs
Reports Events Latest Rpt Read the latest event report
Last 6 Rpts Read the last six event reports
Search by Date Search event report by date and time
Alarm Last 6 Rpt s Read the last six event reports
Search by Date Search Alarm report by date and time
Initiating Latest Rpt Read the latest initiating event report
Last 6 Rpts Read the last six initiating event reports
Search by Date Search initiating report by date and time
Log Last 6 Rpts Read the last six operation record.
Search by Date Search log by date and time
Print ProtSet Print the protection setting list of selected setting
group
EquipPara Print the IED parameters list
Status AI Print the value of all analog inputs
Version Print the version of software of CPU modules
DI Print the state of all binary inputs,
Prtmeasure Print the measuring value of protection
Status Print the selected information, value of analog
input, version of software, state of binary inputs,
system state, system code, state of linkers
EquipCode Print the version and CRC code of software of all
modules
Linker State Print the state of all function linkers
CommuPara Print remote communication parameters list
Report Events Print selected event report
Alarm Print selected alarm report
Initiating Print selected initiating report
Log Print selected log
Setup Print the setup information
PrtSample Print the current sampling data of selected CPU
module.
Print Setlist Print all setting parameters list
Set time Set the current date and time, in form of
Year-month-day hour :minute: sec
Contrast Modify contrast of LCD with UP arrow key and
down arrow key
Settings Set Setting General Para Set the common setting parameters
EquipPara Set the parameter of CT and PT
ProtSet Set the protection function parameter
ProtContWd Set the protection control words
-69 -
Read setting Read the setting list of chosen setting group.

Setup SOEReset Set the reset mode of SOE, Manual or
Automatic.
ModifyPW Modify the IED password
103Type Set the dedicated code of the IED for
IEC60870-5-103 protocol.
TimeMode Select the time synchronization mode:
NetworkTimeMode
PulseTime Mode
IRIG-B TimeMode
CommAddr Set the communication address of RS485 port,
Ethernet 1 port and Ethernet 2 port
Protocol Set the type of CSC2000 protocol.
SetPrint RecPrt Setup Select the AIs and BOs printed in the fault
recording report.
Print Mode Set the options below:
AutoPrit RecValue, Yes/Not
PrintConWd, Yes/Not
RecPrintMode, Grapic/Data
AI DisplaySet Choose the type of analogue value for displaying
the primary value or secondary value in the
normal displaying mode and measure menus.
BaudR485 Set the baud rate of RS485 communication port:
9600
19200
38400
BayName Write the bay name of the IED protected.
Test DO Testing contacts of signal and trip output relays
Testing SimuReSig Simu Alarm Initiating selected alarm reports for substation
automation system testing
Simu Trip Initiating selected tripping reports for substation
Simu Linker Initiating selected linkers operation reports for
substation automation system testing
Simu DI Initiating selected DI operation reports for
substation automation system testing
TransRecData Initiating transmitting the latest fault record file to
substation automation system for testing
Simu MST Initiating selected alarm reports of
Alarm communication module for substation
SwSetGr Change the active setting group.
-70 -
ViewDrift Read the drift value of the analogue sampling

channel of selected CPU module.
AdjDrift Adjust the drift value to zero of selected CPU
module
ViewScale Read the bias of the analogue sampling value of
selected CPU module.
AdjScale Adjust the bias to zero of the analogue sampling
value of selected CPU module.
PrtSample Print the analogue sampling value
Linkers Logic Linker Switch on/off the selected logical linker
Linker state View the state of the linkers
Notes
In the IED test mode ( when the RELAY TEST binary input is present )
operating reports are neither transported nor saved, just are printed or
displayed on PC. If disturbance record report need to be printed, but without
PC, only disturbance record data reports can be printed.
It is convenient to check the accuracy of measuring analogue values by
comparing the actual analogue values injected by tester with the
corresponding values displayed in the menuStatus/measure/. Especially, in
the IED test mode, the displayed values are refreshed so quickly that they
are accurate to keep up with the change of the actual analogue value
injected.
Input bay name on HMI, see appendix.
-71 -
9 Installation and commissioning

9.1 Unpacking and checking
Procedure
9.1.1 Remove the transport casing
9.1.2 Visually inspect the IED.
9.1.3 Check that all items are included in accordance with the delivery documents. Once
the IED has been started make sure that the software functions ordered have been
included in the delivery.
9.1.4 Check for transport damages.
If transport damage is discovered appropriate action must be taken against the latest
carrier and the nearest Sifang office or representative should be informed. Sifang or
his partner should be notified immediately if there are any discrepancies in relation to
the delivery documents.
9.1.5 If the IED is repacked for transport again, the storage packing of the IED must provide
the proper degree of protection against various possible damages, in accordance
with IEC 60255-21-1 class 2 and IEC 60255-21-2 class 1.
9.2 Installation
9.2.1 Insert the IED into the opening (cut-out) in the panel. The bottom of the IED should be
supported on the frame of the panel.
9.2.2 Fix the IED by tightening all four screws against the panel. The IED ought to be fixed
on panel (tank), and every connection screws of the IED must be firmed.
9.2.3 Connect the earthing screw on the rear of the IED unit to the closest possible earthing
point in the cubicle. Electrical codes and standards require that protective earth
cables are green/yellow conductors with a cross section area of at least 2.5 mm2.
The cubicle must be properly connected to the station earthing system. Use a
conductor with a core cross section area of at least 4 mm2.
9.2.4 Connecting the power supply module
The wiring from the cubicle terminal block to the IED terminals must be made in
accordance with the established guidelines for this type of IED. The wires from binary
inputs and outputs and the auxiliary supply must be routed separated from the current
transformer cables between the terminal blocks of the cubicle and the IEDs
connections. The connections are made on connector X10. Connection diagram is
shown on the rear plate of the IED.
-72 -
9.2.5 Connecting to CT and VT circuits
CTs and VTs are connected to the connector of the Transformer input module on the
rear side of the IED. Connection diagram is shown on the rear plate of the IED.
Use a solid conductor with a cross section area between 2.5-6 mm2 (AWG14-10) or a
stranded conductor with a cross section area between 2.5-4 mm2 (AWG14-12). The
screws used to fasten the conductors should be tightened.
9.2.6 Connecting the binary input and output signals
Auxiliary power and signals are connected using female connectors. Signal wires are
connected to a female connector, which is then plugged into the corresponding male
connector, located at the rear of the IED. Connection diagrams are shown on the rear
plate of the IED.
9.3 Checking before energizing

9.3.1 Checking the protective earthing conductors
Check the protective earthing conductors of IED are connected reliably in accordance
with the related standards and Codes.
9.3.2 Checking the VT circuits
Check that the wiring is in strict accordance with the supplied connection diagram.
Do not continue before any errors are corrected.
9.3.3 Check of CT circuits
The CTs must be connected in accordance with the circuit diagram provided with the
IED, both with regards to phases and polarity.
9.3.4 Checking the power supply
Check that the auxiliary supply voltage remains within the permissible input voltage
range under all operating conditions. Check that the polarity is correct.
9.3.5 Checking the binary I/O circuits
9.3.5.1 Binary input circuits
Preferably, disconnect the binary input connector from the binary input cards. Check
all connected signals so that both input level and polarity are in accordance with the
IEDs specifications.
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9.3.5.2 Binary output circuits
Preferably, disconnect the binary output connector from the binary output cards.
Check all connected signals so that both load and polarity are in accordance with IED
specifications.
9.3.6 Checking the labels of IED
Check the following labels on the IED are correct
LED labels on the front plate
Terminal labels on the rear plate
Terminals diagrams on the rear plate
Manufacturer tag on the side plate
9.3.7 Checking the modules
9.3.7.1 Each module should be in the correct slot and be locked reliably to ensure the
connection between the male connector of the module and the female connector
welded on the main back board.
9.3.7.2 The IED is provided with current terminals with automatically operating contacts for
short-circuiting the CT secondary circuits when the transformer input module is
withdrawn from its connector. The short-circuiting contact should be opened when the
transformer input module is inserted into the connector.
9.3.7.3 The jumpers and short-circuiting wires of each module is set correctly.
There are four groups jumper and needle AD3, AD2, AD1 and AD0 near CPU1 or
CPU2 ejector/inserter clips, whose tag H and L represents high potential and low
potential respectively. Setup four jumpers AD3, AD2, AD1 and AD0 to high potential
or low potential to form CPU address as shown in Tab.11. CPU1 address can be
expressed as 0000 (value is 0) with four binary bits, and CPU2 address is 0001 (value
is 1). In the same way, I/O address can be set as shown in Tab.9-1.
Tab.9-1
Module Coding Remark Module Coding Remark
address address
CPU1 0000 Value 0 Output 1 0000 Value 0
CPU2 0001 Value 1 Output 2 0001 Value 1
Input 1 000 Value 0 Output 3 0010 Value 2
Output 4 0011 Value 3
9.3.8 Insulation resistance test
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According to table 9-3 as below, use a rotating meter inducing 500V to test insulation
resistance in turn between analog circuits and ground, and the circuits to each other.
Every resistance must not be less than 100 M. And the lasting time for resistance
test is not less than 5s to ensure that the value of insulation resistance is read in a
steady state. The ground terminal is X10-32.
Tab.9-3
Tested circuits Terminals
AC current inputs X1-1,2,3,4
AC voltage inputs X1-9,10
DC voltage X10-2,4,8,10,12,14,16,20,222628
Output contacts and centre signals Terminals of X6,X7,X8 and X9
Input contacts Terminals of X4
9.4 Checking after energizing

9.4.1 Power supply check
9.4.1.1 Energize DC power supply, the relay for loss of power alarm ought to be excited
reliably, and its contacts as X10-c16 and X10-a16 must be opened reliably.
9.4.1.2 check the self startup performance of powerWhen the value of DC power supply is
modified gradually from 0 to 80% rating, contacts of the relay for loss of power alarm
must change from closed state to opened state supervised by versatile meter. Then,
when DC power supply is from off to on, the versatile meter operates as the same
results.
9.4.1.3 Testing of voltage output value and its stability: Every class output voltage must be
maintained stably as shown in Tab.9-4 when the input voltage of DC power supply is
UN.
Tab. 9-4
Test Point X-c14-c12 X-c4-c2 X-a4-a2 X-c26-c24 X10-c2-c8
Rating voltage of DC 5V +12V -12V 24V R24V
outputs
Permissive error 0~+3 -20~0 -20~0 0~+5 0~+8
range 5.0~5.15 9.6~12.0 -12.0~-9.6 24.0~25.2 24.0~25.92
9.4.1.4 Testing of DC power on and off rapidly: Power on and off rapidly for three times, no
abnormal case occurs for the IED.
9.4.2 Set
9.4.2.1 Under the circumstance of power off, insert all plug-in units into the corresponding
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slot of the IED according to the configuration figure in the guide book, and connect
the flat cable between faceplate and communication module.
9.4.2.2 Switch on DC power supply; the setting steps are described as follows to initialize
CPU.
Press QUIT and SET at the same time, enter into debugging menu. Then enter
into the menu of CPU setup, enable all CPU1 and CPU2press the key of SET to
save. And energize the IED once again.
9.4.2.3 Setting
9.4.2.3.1 Enter MainMenu-Set Timeuse square keyboard to set clock to current time. Then
return to the normal display of LCD, observe whether the running clock is normal or
not. Cut off DC power supply for 5 min, then switch on, check the time and date
displayed in LCD to conform that the clock is running and nicety during power turnoff.
9.4.2.3.2 Enter into MainMenuTestingSwSetGrswitch to a group of the most common use

such as group 01.
9.4.2.3.3 Enter into MainMenuSettingsSet Settingwrite protection setting, the default

solidified group is 01.
9.4.2.3.4 Enter into MainMenuSetupCommAddr
Set the address of Lon network and RS-485 port whose range is 10HABHthe
address of our equipment can not be repeated.
Examine that the address of Ethernet 1 and that of Ethernet 2are not set to be 0.
9.4.2.3.5 Enter into MainMenuSetupBayNameinput the actual name and serial number of
line by means of ISN(internal statement number)(as shown at appendix) on faceplate
or directly input by CSPC program.
9.4.2.3.6 Enter into MainMenuSetupTime mode to select a kind of time synchronization

mode.
If timing mode of minute pulse or that of second pulse is selected, symbol * is

displayed at top right corner of LCD after GPS timing succeeds.
9.4.2.3.7 Enter into MainMenuSetupSetPrintPecPrtsetup already when leaving factory,

press SET, the following is displayed.
just examine and confirm it
Select CPU
CSC101A
Press SET to display the following:
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Select record type

Print setup for analog qualityshown in
Tab. 9-5-1
Print setup for digital inputshown in
Tab.9-5-2
Tab. 9-5-1
Analog quality Set
Ia
Ib
Ic
3I 0
Ua
Ub
Uc
Ia R
Ib R
Ic R
3 I0 R
Tab. 9-5-2
Digital Input Type of A

Relay Startup
Trip A_PH
Trip B_PH
Trip C_PH
Trip NO_A/R
DI_VT_MBC
CB Open A_PH
CB Open B_PH
CB Open C_PH
Z Send Signal
3I0 Send Signal
Z RECV Signal
3I0 RECV Signal
-77 -
Notewhere means that the corresponding input is selected while is not

selectedblank means none.
Enter into MainMenuSetupSetPrintPrint Modepress SET to display the

following
Print mode setup

Print record automatically
Print control word
Print format of record data wave
If Print record automatically is set to , record wave will be printed after fault. If it is
set to , only fault reports will be printed while record wave will not, and record wave
need to be fetched. If Print control word is set to , contents of control word can be
printed, if , contents of control word cannot be printed. Print format of record data
can be set to format of wave or data with UP and DOWN keys.
The recommended setup is Print record automatically, Print control word and
Print format of record data set to wave. If the protection operating results have some
questions, suggest that set Print format of record data to data at first, then, print a
record wave againor use shortcut key F1 to directly print the latest one of record
data, after that, equipment testing can be followed. This can avoid losing data, and
causing disadvantage for furthermore analysis.
9.5 Check version of software

Enter into MainMenuStatusVersionwrite down the IED type, version of each
software and code of CRC, check the version consistent with the valid version.
9.6 Check print function

9.6.1 MainMenuPrintProtSet Enter into this menu, select setting zone to print setting.
The printer ought to print correctly.
9.6.2 MainMenuPrintReport Enter into this menu, select report or operation record to
print, the printer ought to print correctly.
9.6.3 Enter into MainMenuPrintEquipPara, select such as system parameters and

sampled data print etc respectively to print.
9.6.4 Testing print function of shortcut key: Use shortcut key on the faceplate to print, the
printer ought to print normally.
-78 -
9.7 Check binary input

Enter into MainMenustatusDI, check the current state of each digital input.
Connect +24V with the following terminals shown in Tab.9-6 as bellow, the
corresponding inputs displayed on the faceplate are valid. If certain input is error,
check the corresponding optical isolator, resistance etc are false welded, welded in
reverse, or damaged.
Tab. 9-6
Name of input Terminals
RESET X4:a8
CB OPEN A_PHASE X4:c4
CB OPEN B_PHASE X4:c6
CB OPEN C_PHASE X4:c8
CAR RECV(DIST) X4:c10
CAR RECV(DEF) X4:c12
VT_MCB X4:c22
STUB PROT ENABLE X4:c18
REM ACCESS BLK X4:a2
RELAY TEST X4:a4
9.8 Binary outputs Test

Enter into MainMenuTest Do to perform output test. When output test is made, the
contacts of the corresponding relay ought to operate with lighting signal while other
contacts do not operate. Press button RESET on the faceplate to reset the energized
relay output. Test results should be consistent with the following table.
The output test of CSC-101A is shown in Tab.9-7.
Tab. 9-7
No. Item Contactors light Display on HMI
X9:c22-a22 X9:c24-a24 Run lamp
flash Test DO OK
Relay Alarm
Alarm Relay Alarm
1
lamp flash
Equipment X9:c22-a22 Alarm
power-on after off light flash
X9:c26-a26 X9:c28-a28 Run lamp
flash Test DO OK
Run Alarm
2 Alarm Run Alarm
lamp light
Equipment X9:c26-a26 Alarm
-79 -

power-on after off lamp light
X6:a2-a10 X6:a6-a20
X6:c2-c10 X6:c6-c20
Run lamp
X6:c26-a26 X6:c28-a28
flash Test DO OK
A_Phase Trip X7:a2-a4 X7:c2-c4
Trip A A_Phase Trip
3 X8:c22-a22 X8:c24-a24
lamp light
X9:c10-a10
X9:c12-a12
Equipment X8:c22-a22 Trip A
X6:a2-a12 X6:a6-a22
X6:c2-c12 X6:c6-c22
Run lamp
X6:c26-a26 X6:c28-a28
flash Test DO OK
B_Phase Trip X7:a2-a6 X7:c2-c6
Trip B B_Phase Trip
4 X8:c22-a22 X8:c24-a24
lamp light
X9:c10-a10
X9:c12-a12
Equipment X8:c22-a22 Trip B
C_Phase Trip X6:a2-a14 X6:a6-a24 Run lamp Test DO OK
X6:c2-c14 X6:c6-c24 flash C_Phase Trip
X6:c26-a26 X6:c28-a28 Trip C
X7:a2-a8 X7:c2-c8 lamp light
5
X8:c22-a22 X8:c24-a24
X9:c10-a10 X9:c12-a12
Equipment X8:c22-a22 Trip C
X6:a2-a10 X6:a2-a12
X6:a2-a14
X6:c2-c10
X6:c2-c12
X6:c2-c14
X6:a4-a18 X6:c4-c18
X6:a6-a20 X6:a6-a22
Trip A, B,
X6:a6-a24 X6:c6-c20 Test DO OK
6 Trip NO_A/R C lamp
X6:c6-c22 X6:c6-c24 Trip NO_A/R
light
X6:c26-a26 X6:c28-a28
X6:c30-a30 X6:c32-a32
X7:a2-a4 X7:a2-a6
X7:a2-a8 X7:c2-c4
X7:c2-c6 X7:c2-c8
X8:c22-a22
X8:c24-a24
-80 -

X9:c10-a10
X9:c12-a12
X8:c22-a22 Trip A, B,
Equipment
C lamp
power-on after off
light
CARR Send(DIST) X8:c2-a2 X8:c4-a4 Run lamp Test DO OK
flash CARR Send(DIST)
7
Equipment N/A
power-on after off
X8:c6-a6 X8:c8-a8 Run lamp Test DO OK
CARR Send(DEF)
flash CARR Send(DEF)
8
Equipment N/A
power-on after off
Note: In the status of output drive, push Reset button and then the relevant lights
will turn off, the relevant normally open contacts will switch off and the normally
close contacts will switch on.
9.9 Analog channel check

This test needs to be performed for CPU1 and CPU2 respectively. If one CPU is
disenabled, The selected CPU disenabled or inexistence will be displayed during
menu operation.
Before the IED leaves factory, zero drift and calibration have been regulated, only
examination needs in locale. To examine calibration, enter into measuring quantities
or analog quantities menu at first, then enter into analog quantities menu to do it. If
they dont meet requirements, regulate them according to the following methods.
Notice to increase the setting value of startup elements.
9.9.1 Zero drift check
To regulate zero drift, disconnect the IED with testing instrument or standard source
to ensure not any input in AC terminal of the IED. Enter into Main
MenuTestingAdjDrift, select all, and confirm it, then zero drift regulation can be
performed. If regulation succeeds, report zero drift regulation success. After this,
select Main MenuTestingViewDrift,, current channel must be less than 0.1A
(rated value of TA 5A) or 0.02A (rated value of TA 1A), voltage channel must be less
than 0.1V.
9.9.2 Calibration regulation
Connect input terminals of voltage UA, UB, UC, employ testing instrument with grade
0.5 and the above whose outputs UA and UN are connected to protection terminals
-81 -
X1-a10 and b10. Shorting b1-a2,b2-a3,b3-a4 of X1 respectively. Current outputs of

testing instrument are connected to protection terminals X1-a1 and b4. Enter into
Main MenuTestingAdjScale, press keys up down lest right and SET to
select all, set the regulation value to In and 50V, output AC quantities from testing
instrument to the protection system, then confirm these to execute. If fail to operate,
LCD displays analog channel error and the number of error channel. Check whether
connection, standard value and version are right or not.
9.9.3 Precision and linearity testing for analog quantities
After finishing calibration and zero drift regulation, measure linear error using testing
instrument with grade 0.5 and the above, and write down testing result. Requirements:
For secondary rated current 5A of TA, input currents 25A, 10A (the lasting time of the
above two is not allowed to exceed 10s), 2A, 1A and 0.4A respectively. For secondary
rated current 1A of TA, input currents 5A, 2A, 0.5A, 0.2A and 0.08A. Supply voltage
60V, 30V, 5V, 1V and 0.4V respectively. Observe LCD display or enter into Main
MenuTestingViewScale, ask that the difference between LCD display value and
external meter is less than 0.1V for 0.4V and 1V of voltage channel, the others are
less than 2.5, and current channel error is less than 0.02In for 0.08In and 0.2In, the
others are less than 2.5.
9.9.4 Check analog quantities polarity
Short b1b4 of AC module X1, IA, IB, IC and IN outputs of testing instrument are
connected to terminals X1-a1, X1-a2, X1-a3 and X1-a4 of the IED, input rated current
and three-phase symmetry voltage 50 via a10, a9, b9 and b10 of X1 respectively,
each phase voltage leads each phase current phase angle 60respectively, check
LCD loop display or enter into MainMenuStatusmeasure to view, phase
difference of A-, B-, and C-phase voltage must be 120, and phase difference of A-,
B-, and C-phase current must be 120. One phase current must lag the
corresponding phase voltage 60(angle error 3). Otherwise, check the IED of AC
module connection.
Input three-phase symmetry voltage 50V, and rated current only to phase A which
lags phase A voltage 60, observe the display of amplitude and angle of 3I0 which
must be the same as IA, otherwise, check the IED of AC module connection.
9.10 Protection system test

9.10.1 Connection diagram for protection test
For a single equipment, wiring can be connected as shown in Fig.9-1, and connect
trip A, tripB, trip C and common terminal to the testing instrument if necessary.
-82 -
Testor
a1 b1 Equipment
Ia
a2 b2
Ib
Ic a3 b3
In a4 b4
X1
Ua a10
Ub a9
Uc b9
Un b10
Fig.9-1 Connection diagram
9.10.2 Protection system test
Input settings according to the setting advice note or typical settings and solidify them
to certain zone at first. Then make pilot differential relay (self-looping state), distance
relay and zero-sequence current relay test, as shown in Tab.9-8.
During testing, notice that signal lights on panel and reports are correct. For new
installed protection system, and check the operating results are correct.
Tab.9-8
Protection
SN Fault type Correct report on panel Light
Function
Phase ABR=0 Trip A,
1. Pilot X=0.95 setting Relay StartupPilot Trip B,C light
values shine
distance
Phase ABR=0
2. protection X=1.05 setting Relay Startup N/A
values
Phase B I=1.05* Trip B
3. Pilot Relay StartupPilot Trip
setting values light shine
distance
protection Phase B, I=0.95*
4. Relay Startup N/A
setting values
Phase ABR=0 Trip A,
5. X=0.95 setting Relay StartupZ1_pp Trip B,C light
values shine
Phase ABR=0
6. X=1.05 setting Relay Startup N/A
Phase to values
phase Phase BCR=0 Trip A,
distance values shine
zone I Phase BCR=0
values
Phase CAR=0 Trip A,
values shine
-83 -
Protection
Function
Phase CAR=0
values
Phase ABR=0 Trip A,
11. Phase to X=0.95 setting Relay StartupZ2_pp Trip B,C light
phase values shine
distance Phase ABR=0
12. zone II X=1.05 setting Relay Startup N/A
values
Phase BCR=0 Trip A,
13. Phase to X=0.95 setting Relay StartupZ3_pp Trip B,C light
phase values shine
distance Phase BCR=0
14. zone III X=1.05 setting Relay Startup N/A
values
Phase AR=0
Trip A,
15. X=0.95 setting Relay StartupZ1_pe Trip
light shine
values
Phase AR=0
values
Phase BR=0
Trip B
17. Phase to X=0.95 setting Relay StartupZ1_pe Trip
light shine
earth values
distance Phase BR=0
18. zone I X=1.05 setting Relay Startup N/A
values
Phase CR=0
Trip C
19. X=0.95 setting Relay StartupZ1_pe Trip
light shine
values
Phase CR=0
values
Phase BR=0
Trip B
21. Phase to X=0.95 setting Relay StartupZ2_pe Trip
light shine
earth values
distance Phase BR=0
22. zone II X=1.05 setting Relay Startup N/A
values
Phase CR=0 Trip A,
23. Phase to X=0.95 setting Relay StartupZ3_pe Trip B,C light
earth values shine
distance Phase CR=0
24. zone III X=1.05 setting Relay Startup N/A
values
Inverse Phase BR=0
25. direction X=-0.7 setting Relay Startup N/A
fault values
Phase B
Trip B
26. zero I=1.05 setting Relay Startup3I02 Trip
light shine
sequence values
stage II Phase B
27. Relay Startup N/A
I=0.95 setting
-84 -
Protection
Function
values
Phase C
Trip C
28. zero I=1.05 setting Relay Startup3I03 Trip
light shine
values
sequence
Phase C
29. stage III I=0.95 setting Relay Startup N/A
values
Phase A Trip A,
30. I=1.05 setting Relay StartupOC_VT Fail Trip B,C light
Over current values shine
of TV fail Phase A
31. I=0.95 setting Relay Startup N/A
values
Note
the fault current I for testing must be larger than 0.2In while fault voltage is
less than threshold value.
calculation formula for single-phase-to-ground distance relay:
U U
XD RD
I KX * 3I 0 90 I KR * 3I 0 0.
calculation formula for phase-to-phase distance relay:
U U
X R
I 90 I 0
The error of operation value is

each substancial measure valuesetting value
100
setting value
9.11 Checking before operation

Note: The following items are only for reference. Users should make the proper
operation guideline based on the actual site conditions
9.11.1 After turning on DC power supply, the LED <Run> is lit steadily in green, rest of the
LEDs should be extinguished.
9.11.2 In normal operation condition, the information, year-month-day, hour : minute :

second, magnitude and angle of analog quantities, channel state, current setting
group: 01, should be scrolling displayed on the LCD.
9.11.3 After setting the date and time of IED, turn on and off the DC power supply of five
times in short time, and then check the tolerance of the date and time is limited in
-85 -
permissive scope.
9.11.4 Make sure the active setting group is correct.
9.11.5 Check, record and Print (if a printer is connected) the protection settings item by item
of each group which are possibly employed in the actual operating modes.
9.11.6 Check and record the state of all binary inputs. Particularly ensure that the IED is not
in test mode, meaning there is not a hand type icon displayed at the upright corner of
the LCD, and the binary input, relay test, is not present.
9.11.7 Inject system currents (load current must be larger than 0.08In) and voltages into the
IED, and then check whether the magnitude, phase angle, polarity and phase
sequence of each measuring analog value are correct or not.
9.11.8 Print information and operating condition with the version shortcut key if the IED
have been connected with a printer.
-86 -
10 Maintenance
WARNING
Never disconnect the secondary connection of a current
transformer circuit without short-circuiting the transformers
secondary winding. Operating a current transformer with the
secondary winding open will cause a massive potential build up
that may damage the transformer and may cause injuries to
humans.
CAUTION
Never connect or disconnect a wire and/or a connector to or from
a IED during normal service. Hazardous voltages and currents are
present that may be lethal. Operation may be disrupted and IED
and measuring circuitry may be damaged.
NOTE
Instructions from the power network company and other
maintenance directives valid for maintenance of the power
system must be followed. The following items are only for
reference.
NOTE
a) During operation, these manual operations listed below are
forbidden:
Touch the live parts of the IED
Insert in or draw out the modules
Some manual operations in the menu of HMI, they are:
Test contacts of output relay;
Modify setting
Write setting;
Set system parameters
Change the IED address in the communication network.
b) If the whole IED need be out of service, Switch off all external
tripping linkers firstly, and then turn off the DC power supply of
the IED.
-87 -
c) If only some functions need be disenabled, switch off the

relative function linkers only.
d) If the DC power supply is shut down accidently during
operation, switch off all external tripping linkers at first.
e) If the LED Alarm is flashing, the IED should be out of service,
and the key Reset is forbidden to press, the engineer who is
responsible for the IED should be informed immediately.
f) If the LED Alarm is lit steadily, the engineer who is
responsible for the IED should be informed immediately.
10.1 Routine check

Check the state of LEDs;
Check the information scrolling displayed on the LCD;
Check the active setting group number.
10.2 Periodical test

Verify zero draft and scale;
Check operating setting;
Measure output voltages of DC power supply;
Check alarm circuits;
Check binary inputs;
Check the complete tripping and closing circuits;
Insulation resistance test
10.3 Repair Instructions
CAUTION
Most electronic components are sensitive to electrostatic
discharge and latent damage may occur. Please observe usual
procedures for handling electronics and also use an ESD wrist
strap. A semi-conducting layer must be placed on the workbench
and connected to earth.
-88 -
CAUTION
When a printed circuit board is sent to Sifang, it must always be
placed in a metallic, ESD-proof, protection bag.
The IED is self-supervised. It is easy to identify the faulty module according the alarm
messenger.
When a module is in fault, It should be replaced with the backup module. And send
the faulty module to Sifang for repair.
The user can purchase separate replacement modules.
10.4 Operation after software updating or module

Replacing
10.4.1 Operation after CPU module software updating or CPU module
replacing
The following steps should be done:
10.4.1.1 Firstly, confirm the address jumper to be right on CPU module, input and write setting;
10.4.1.2 Check the version and CRC code of CPU module software;
10.4.1.3 After updating or replacing, if alarm setting zone error or setting error is present,
the setting should be written again and the active setting group should be set again.
10.4.1.4 After updating or replacing, if alarm logical Linker error or linker error is present,
the setting should be written again and the active setting group should be set again.
10.4.1.5 Check zero drift and scale of all analogue inputs;
10.4.1.6 Test all binary inputs and outputs;
10.4.1.7 Test according the users site operating guideline.
10.4.2 Operation after communication module software updating or

communication module replacing
10.4.2.1 Check the following details at first

Version of the new communication module and version of new software
Communication parameters, protocol option etc.
-89 -
10.4.2.2 Configure again according to the former configuration, or write the former
configuration of communication again.
10.4.2.3 Set the following parameters

attribution of setting, mode of linkers and mode of communication.
Clock of the IED.
Network address of the IED.
10.4.2.4 Check the information scrolling displayed is correct,
10.4.2.5 Print and check any reports and disturbance record reports
10.4.2.6 Test some binary inputs or outputs to confirm the menu operation can be done well.
10.4.3 Operation after replacing input or output module
Check whether the address jumper of module is right or not firstly.
Test all inputs or outputs on the module and relative external secondary
circuits before IED in service.
10.4.4 Operation after replacing transformer input module
The magnitude and polarity of all analogue inputs must be verified.
10.4.5 Operation after replacing power supply module
Check the accuracy of output voltages must be checked.
Test contacts of output relays
Test binary inputs
10.5 Others
There are one test male connector at the up left corner of rear plate, The
connector can be used to test 24V(output), 12V 5V and perform
auto-testing by connection with the internal CAN net.
There are three ways to input settings(1) Keypad on front panel, (2) employ
CSPC software tool (3) Substation automation system.
Method to select active setting groupUse the functional keys, +, -, to

select and switch active setting group.
-90 -
There are three ways to print:
Use LON net to connect printer via the CSN 010 interface casethe terminal
wiring of printer and cable must be changed.
Connect printer directly with the print series ports of the IED through special
printer cable. If several equipments (the maximum is 4) need use one printer
in common, a CSN-4 interface case is needed.
Via substation automation system.
Except AC terminals, all the other rear plate terminals are located on the female
connectors. If it is necessary to modify their wiresthe female connector must be draw
out, then modify the wire of terminals on the connector. Except AC terminal, prohibit
inserting or withdrawing terminal wires without pulling out the female connector, in
order to prevent connecting wires from bad connection.
-91 -
11 Rear Terminals of IED

11.1 Wiring diagram of current and voltage circuits
Fig.9-1 as below is wring diagram of current and voltage circuits of CSC-101A. The
polar terminals of current and voltage of the IED ought to be respectively connected
to corresponding polar terminals.
11.2 Explanation of CSC-101A terminals

11.2.1 Terminals of CSC-101A
The distribution scheme of backboard of CSC-101A is shown in appendix; the

following tables are described detailed according to Fig.9-1. X1 is the terminal of AC
module at rear panel, X3 is the terminal of communication module and HMI at rear
panel, X4 is the terminal of digital input module at rear panel, X6 and X7 are the
terminals of output module 1 at rear panel, X8 is the terminal of output module 2 at
rear panel, X9 is the terminal of output module 3 at rear panel, X10 is the terminal of
DC power supply at rear panel.
11.2.1.1 Terminal groups of X1 inputs of analog quantities
Shown in Tab.11-1.
Tab.11-1
Terminals Description Remark
a1-b1 Current of phase A,IA polar terminal, IA not Analog
a2-b2 Current of phase B,IB polar terminal, IB not quantities input,
a3-b3 Current of phase C,IC polar terminal, IC not practical wiring
a4-b4 Current of 3I0, IN polar terminal, IN not diagram is
a9 Voltage of phase B, UB input shown in
b9 Voltage of phase C, UC input Fig.9-1
a10 Voltage of phase A, UA input

b10 Common terminal UN
ba12 Shielded grounding, connected to X10-ca32 inside
equipment, need not to be wired again.
11.2.1.2 X3 of communication module and HMI
Shown in Tab.11-2
-92 -
Tab.11-2
X3(MASTER)
A group terminal of GPS time synchronization, two
Not Uesd 1
group terminals of 485, two group terminals of
Print Transmit 2
Print Receive 3
LonWorks, series print terminal, two group terminals
Print GND 4 of electric Ethernettwo group terminals of optic
485-2B 5 Ethernet. Configure the above according to user
485-2A 6
Ethernet
requirements.
485-1B 7
485-1A 8
GPS 9
GPSGND 10
LON-2A 11
LON-2B 12
LONGND 13
LON-1A 14
LON-1B 15
Not Used 16
11.2.1.3 Terminal groups of X4 input terminals
Shown in Tab.11-3.
Tab.11-3
Terminals Description
a2a28 The a2 has been already installed an input of 24V at the interior of the IED, and
a28 has been already installed an input of 24V earthing. So the connection
exterior is not allowed.
a4 Remote access block-onWhen the input is 24V, the controls must be on site.
That means only the local commands can be executed. All the non-local
commands will not be executed, such as the remote switching connector, setting
group, and writing the settings.
a6 Relay testThe relays will be test, when signal DI is given into this terminal.
When test the protections, the IED wont send the report, and wont execute the
remote commands. While the IED operating, the input of this terminal must be
cancel.
a8 Signal resetused to reset the signal of flash on the front panel
a12 DIFF PROT EN. The differential protection is enabled or disabled, it is 125V
input.
c2c28 Wirings of these terminals is not allowed for equipment with supply 125V.
c4c6 Connect separately with CB position A,B,C. For a semi-connection mode, the
c8 split-phase CB positions of edge relay and middle relay should be input. Its
function are: 1) VT fail alarm. At the condition of that all the three phases have no
-93 -
voltages, if there are three CB positions, the protection will not alarm, if not give
the VT fail alarm. 2) If there are CB positions, and the corresponding phase has
no current, the IED will consider that the switch of that phase should trip, and the
protection enter into the logic of full phase and non-full phase according to the
condition of switching. 3) Used to speed-up the distinguishing after the manual
close or the speed reclose.
c10 Input of distance signal
c12 Input of zero_def signal
C18 STUB PROT ENABLE: STUB function is enabled input.
c20 DI_DTT
c22 VT_MCB
11.2.1.4 Terminal groups of X6 output terminals
Shown in Tab.11-4.
Tab.11-4
a2 Segregated phase tripping 1(+) Positive power
c2 Segregated phase tripping 2(+) of output
a4 Three-phase tripping 1(+)
c4 Three-phase tripping 2(+)
a6 Segregated phase tripping 3(+)
c6 Segregated phase tripping 4(+)
a10a12a14 Belong to trip A1, trip B1 and trip C1 respectively Output of
segregated
c10c12c14 Belong to trip A2, trip B2 and trip C2 respectively
phase tripping
a18 Three-phase final tripping 1 Output

c18 Three-phase final tripping 2
a20a22a24 Belong to trip A3, trip B3 and trip C3 respectively: output
Provided to record wave or other purpose.
c20c22c24 Belong to trip A4, trip B4 and trip C4 respectively
Provided to record wave or other purpose.
Note Output tripping contacts, pickup breaker failure contacts and protection
operation output contacts are all instantaneous operating contacts withdrawn after
breaker has opened.
Shown in Tab.11-5.
Tab.11-5
-94 -
a2 Phase splitting trip 5(+) Positive supply

c2 Phase splitting trip 6(+) output
a4a6a8 Trip A5trip B5trip C5 Segregated trip port
c4c6c8 Trip A6trip B6trip C6 Segregated trip port
Shown in Tab.11-6.
Tab.11-6
c2-a2 CARR SEND (DIST) Fast output
c4-a4 CARR SEND (DIST)
c6-a6 CARR SEND (DEF)
c8-a8 CARR SEND (DEF)
c10-a10 Not Used
c12-a12 Not Used
c14-a14 Not Used
c16-a16 Not Used
c18-a18 CARR FAIL ALARM 11
c20-a20 CARR FAIL ALARM 12
c22-a22 Protection operating signal 1holding signal
c24-a24 For
Protection operating signal 2not holding
remote signal of protection operation
c26-a26 Backup (holding
c28-a28 Backup (not holding
c30-a30 Backup (holding
c32-a32 Backup (not holding)
Shown in Tab.11-7.
Tab.11-7
c2-a2 Backup Output contacts
c4-a4 Backup
c6-a6 Backup
c8-a8 Backup
c10-a10 Protection operating signal 2not holdingFor remote
signal of protection operation
-95 -
c12-a12 Protection operating signal 2not holdingFor remote

signal of protection operation
c14-a14 Backup
c16-a16 Backup
c18-a18 Backup
c20-a20 Backup
c22-a22 Relay Alarm holding:serious alarmfor remote signal Contacts of signal
and center signal
c24-a24 Relay Alarmnot holding:serious alarmfor remote
signal and center signal
c26-a26 Run Alarmholding:common alarmfor remote signal
and center signal
c28-a28 Run Alarmnot holding:common alarmfor remote
signal and center signal
c30-a30 Backupholding
c32-a32 Backupnot holding
11.2.1.8 Terminal groups of X 10 terminals of power supply
Shown in Tab.11-8.
Tab.11-8
ca2, ca4 24V+ output terminal
ca8, ca10, ca12 24V- output terminal
c14-a14 Contact of DC input Signal of DC input
c16-a16 Contact of loss of DC power supply Signal of loss
c18-a18 power
ca20ca22 1: input terminal of positive power Input for external
ca26ca28 2: input terminal of negative power power supply
ca32 Shielded ground of equipment Connected
reliably to the grounding of substation
-96 -
12 Transportation and storage

12.1 Storage
If the IED is to be stored before installation, this must be done in the original transport
casing in a dry and dust free place. The packed IED should be stored in a waterproof
and snow proof place without acid or alkaline or other corrosive gas and explosive
gas. The storage temperature is from -25 to +40, and the relative humidity does
not exceed 80%. Observe the environmental requirements stated in the technical
data.
12.2 Transportation
The IED can be transported by all means of conveyance such as car, train and ship
etc, but ought to prevent it from rain, snow, vibration, Shock and bump, in order to
ensure perfect performance of the IED.
-97 -
13 Ordering
Manufactured type, name, and quantities
Secondary value of the rated AC current: 5A or 1A
Requirements for the communication interface: Network software, printer

interface option.
Optical channel:
Single-channel or double-channel.
Dedicated optical line or multiplexed digital channel.
For dedicated optic line, indicate the line length (km).
Address and date for delivery.
Requirements of panel color, dimension and appurtenances
-98 -
14 Appendix
14.1 Terminal diagram
X4(DI MODULE) X3(MASTER MODULE) X1(AI MODUL)

c a NOT USED 1 b a
2 KM+ R24V+ INPUT 232-TRAN 2 1 IA'(CT OUT) IA(CT IN)
4 CB OPEN A_PHASE REM ACCESS BLK 232-RECV 3
6 CB OPEN B_PHASE RELAY TEST 2 IB'(CT OUT) IB(CT IN)
10/100M BASE-T
232-GND 4
8 CB OPEN C_PHASE RESET 485-2B 5 3 IC'(CT OUT) IC(CT IN)
10 CAR RECV(DIST) 485-2A 6
12 CAR RECV(DEF) PILOT PROT EN 4 IN'(CT OUT) IN(CT IN)
485-1B 7
14 NOT USED NOT USED 5
485-1A 8
16 NOT USED NOT USED
GPS 9 6
18 NOT USED A
20 NOT USED GPSGND 10 RX
NOT USED A 7
LON-2A 11 TX A
22 VT_MCB NOT USED
LON-2B 12 B B 8
24 NOT USED NOT USED RX
26 NOT USED LONGND 13 B 9 UC UB
TX
28 KM- R24V- INPUT LON-1A 14
10 UN UA
30 NOT USED NOT USED LON-1B 15
32 NOT USED NOT USED NOT USED 16 11
X10(POWER) X9(DO MODULE) X8(DO MODULE) X7(DO MODULE) X6(DO MODULE)

c a c a c a c a c a
2 2 NOT USED 2 CARR SEND (DIST)-1 2 2
R24V+ OUT NOT USED
4 4 4 CARR SEND (DIST)-2 4 4
6 6 NOT USED 6 CARR SEND (DEF)-1 6 6
OUTPUT
OUTPUT
8 8 NOT USED 8 CARR SEND (DEF)-2 8 8 NOT USED

10 R24V- OUT 10 10 NOT USED 10 NOT USED 10
12 12 12 NOT USED 12 NOT USED 12
14 DC FAILURE 14 NOT USED 14 NOT USED 14 NOT USED 14
16 DC FAILURE 16 NOT USED 16 NOT USED 16 NOT USED 16
18 18 NOT USED 18 18 NOT USED 18
20 20 NOT USED 20 20 NOT USED 20
DC + INPUT
22 22 22 22 NOT USED 22
24 24 24 24 NOT USED 24
SIGNAL
SIGNAL
26 26 26 26 NOT USED 26 INITIATE 1PH A/R-1

DC - INPUT
-99 -
14.2 CSC-101 IEC 61850 Communication

14.2.1 Overview
This port introduces the data modeling, communication principles that are used in the
IEDs. The purpose of supporting IEC61850 series is to provide interoperability
between devices from different venders.
For some advanced applications, the reader should have intensive knowledge about
IEC61850.
14.2.2 Communication Profile
The communication between substation level and bay level uses mainstream
technology, which is an ISO/OSI stack consisting of Ethernet (layers 1 and 2), TCP/IP
(layers 3 and 4) and MMS (layers 5-7). The object models and their communication
services are mapped to the application layer of MMS (layer 7).
The communication between substation level and bay level is of connection-oriented

type. The communication services to access and retrieve the data are mostly of
client/server type.
Note:
MMS: Manufacturing Message Specification.
Table 14-1 Association specification
Description Value / Clarification

Maximum number of clients that can set-up an 12
association simultaneously
Is authentication supported N
What association parameters are necessary for Transport selector Y for called selector, N for
successful association calling selector
Session selector Y for called selector, N for
calling selector
Presentation selector Y for called selector, N for
calling selector.
AP Title N for calling and called AP Title
AE Qualifier N for calling and called AE Title
If association parameters are necessary for Transport selector 00 01
association, describe the correct values e.g. Session selector 00 01
Presentation selector 00 00 00 01
AP Title 1 3 9999 33
AE Qualifier 33
-100 -

What is the typical startup time after a power 60 seconds
supply interrupt
Table 14-2 Reporting specification

The supported trigger conditions are integrity
data change
quality change
data update
GENERAL INTERROGATION
The supported optional fields are sequence-number
report-time-stamp
reason-for-inclusion
data-set-name
data-reference
buffer-overflow only for BRCB
entryID only for BRCB
conf-rev
segmentation
Can the server send segmented reports Y
Pre-configured RCB attributes that cannot be N
changed online when RptEna = FALSE
(see also the ICD report settings)
Table 14-3 Control specification

What control modes status-only
are supported SBO-with-enhanced-security
What service error ACCESS-NOT-ALLOWED-IN-CURRENT-STATE
types are supported PARAMETER-VALUE-INAPPROPRIATE
CONTROL-MUST-BE-SELECTED
FAILED-DUE-TO-SERVER-CONSTRAINT
What additional cause BLOCKED-BY-SWITCHING-HIERARCHY
diagnosis are SELECT-FAILED
supported POSITION-REACHED
PARAMETER-CHANGE-IN-EXECUTION
ABORTION-BY-CANCEL
TIME-LIMIT-OVER
Which origin categories Bay-control, station-control, remote-control, automatic-bay,
are supported? What automatic-station, automatic-remote, maintenance, process.
happens if the orCat is When orCat is not supported response failure.
not supported?
-101 -

Select timeout 60 SECONDS
Operate timeout 30 SECONDS
Table 14-4 Setting group control specification

What is the number of supported setting As configured in ICD file.
groups for each logical device
What is the effect of when and how the Display setting data and saved information on
non-volatile storage is updated the LCD of IED.
(compare IEC 61850-8-1 $16.2.4)
Table 14-5 File transfer specification

What is structure of files and directories? Directory name is COMTRADE.
Directory names are separated from the file /
name by
The maximum file name size including path 255
(recommended 64 chars)
Are directory/file name case sensitive Case sensitive
14.2.3 Data Model Profile
It is introduced in this part, the layout of the Logical Device, Logical Nodes and Data
Objects. The IEC61850 device model begins with a physical device. There are
several logical devices within each physical device. And there are at least 3 logical
nodes within each logical device.
Note:
There are No vender specific Logical Node Class and Common Data Class in CSC
series devices.
Table 14-6 Logical Devices Model
LD Name Description Function

LD0 Device related LD Data about device: Self-checking, Alarm etc
PROT Protection LD Data about Protection: Protection Event, Setting
Group. etc
MEAS Measurement LD Data about Measurement
DREC Disturbance Record LD Data about Disturbance Record
Table 14-7 Data set model

-102 -
What is the maximum number of data 800

elements in one data set
How many persistent data sets can be FOR ONE LD, THE SUM OF
created by one or more clients CONFIGURED DATE SETS AND
PERSISTENT DATA SETS IS NO
MORE THAN 20.
14.2.4 ACSI Conformance
Table 14-8 ACSI Basic Conformance
Client/ Server/ CSC Explanatio

subscrib publishe Series n
er r IED
Client-server roles
B11 Server side (of - C1 Y
TWO-PARTYAPPLICATION-
ASSOCIATION)
B12 Client side of C1 - N
(TWO-PARTYAPPLICATION-
ASSOCIATION)
SCSMs supported
B21 SCSM: IEC 61850-8-1 used N N Y
B22 SCSM: IEC 61850-9-1 used N N N
B23 SCSM: IEC 61850-9-2 used N N N
B24 SCSM: other N N N
Generic substation event model (GSE)
B31 Publisher side - O N
B32 Subscriber side O - N
Transmission of sampled value model (SVC)
B41 Publisher side - O N
B42 Subscriber side O - N
Table 14-9 ACSI models conformance
Client/ Server/ CSC Explanation

subscriber publisher Series
IED
If Server side (B11) supported
M1 Logical device C2 C2 Y
M2 Logical node C3 C3 Y
M3 Data C4 C4 Y
-103 -
M4 Data set C5 C5 Y
M5 Substitution O O N
M6 Setting group control O O Y
Reporting
M7 Buffered report control O O Y
M7-1 sequence-number Y Y Y
M7-2 report-time-stamp Y Y Y
M7-3 reason-for-inclusion Y Y Y
M7-4 data-set-name Y Y Y
M7-5 data-reference Y Y Y
M7-6 buffer-overflow Y Y Y
M7-7 entryID Y Y Y
M7-8 BufTm Y Y Y
M7-9 IntgPd N Y Y
M7-10 GI Y Y Y
M8 Unbuffered report control M M Y
M8-1 sequence-number Y Y Y
M8-2 report-time-stamp Y Y Y
M8-3 reason-for-inclusion Y Y Y
M8-4 data-set-name Y Y Y
M8-5 data-reference Y Y Y
M8-6 BufTm Y Y Y
M8-7 IntgPd N Y Y
M8-8 GI N Y Y
Logging
M9 Log control O O N
M9-1 IntgPd N N N
M10 Log O O N
GSE
M12 GOOSE O O N
M13 GSSE O O N
M14 Multicast SVC O O N
M15 Unicast SVC O O N
M16 Time M M Y
M17 File Transfer O O Y
Table 14-10 ACSI service conformance
Client/ Server/ CSC Explanation

subscriber publisher Series
-104 -
IED
Server
S1 ServerDirectory - M Y
Application association
S2 Associate M M Y
S3 Abort M M Y
S4 Release M M Y
Logical device
S5 LogicalDeviceDirectory M M Y
Logical node
S6 LogicalNodeDirectory M M Y
S7 GetAllDataValues O M Y
Data
S8 GetDataValues M M Y
S9 SetDataValues O O Y
S10 GetDataDirectory O M Y
S11 GetDataDefinition O M Y
Data set
S12 GetDataSetValues O M Y
S13 SetDataSetValues O O Y
S14 CreateDataSet O O Y
S15 DeleteDataSet O O Y
S16 GetDataSetDirectory O O Y
Substitution
S17 SetDataValues M M N
Setting group control
S18 SelectActiveSG O O Y
S19 SelectEditSG O O Y
S20 SetSGValues O O Y
S21 ConfirmEditSGValues O O Y
S22 GetSGValues O O Y
S23 GetSGCBValues O O Y
Reporting
Buffered report control block (BRCB)
S24 Report C6 C6 Y
S24-1 data-change (dchg) C6 C6 Y
S24-2 qchg-change (qchg) C6 C6 Y
S24-3 data-update (dupd) C6 C6 Y
S25 GetBRCBValues C6 C6 Y
S26 SetBRCBValues C6 C6 Y
-105 -
Unbuffered report control block (URCB)

S27 Report C6 C6 Y
S27-1 data-change (dchg) C6 C6 Y
S27-2 qchg-change (qchg) C6 C6 Y
S27-3 data-update (dupd) C6 C6 Y
S28 GetURCBValues C6 C6 Y
S29 SetURCBValues C6 C6 Y
c6 shall declare support for at least one (BRCB or URCB)
Logging
Log control block
S30 GetLCBValues M M N
S31 SetLCBValues O M N
Log
S32 QueryLogByTime C7 M N
S33 QueryLogAfter C7 M N
S34 GetLogStatusValues M M N
c7 shall declare support for at least one (QueryLogByTime or QueryLogAfter).
Generic substation event model (GSE)
GOOSE-CONTROL-BLOCK
S35 SendGOOSEMessage C8 C8 N
S36 GetGoReference O C9 N
S37 GetGOOSEElementNumber O C9 N
S38 GetGoCBValues O O N
S39 SetGoCBValues O O N
GSSE-CONTROL-BLOCK
S40 SendGSSEMessage C8 C8 N
S41 GetGsReference O C9 N
S42 GetGSSEElementNumber O C9 N
S43 GetGsCBValues O O N
S44 SetGsCBValues O O N
c8 shall declare support for at least one (SendGOOSEMessage or SendGSSEMessage).
c9 shall declare support if TP association is available.
Transmission of sampled value model (SVC)
S45 SendMSVMessage C10 C10 N
S46 GetMSVCBValues O O N
S47 SetMSVCBValues O O N
Unicast SVC
S48 SendUSVMessage C10 C10 N
S49 GetUSVCBValues O O N
S50 SetUSVCBValues O O N
c10 shall declare support for at least one (SendMSVMessage or SendUSVMessage).
Control
-106 -
S51 Select M M N
S52 SelectWithValue M M N
S53 Cancel O M N
S54 Operate M M Y
S55 Command-Termination M M N
S56 TimeActivated-Operate O O N
File transfer
S57 GetFile O M Y
S58 SetFile O O Y
S59 DeleteFile O O Y
S60 GetFileAttributeValues O M Y
Time
SNTP O
server
SNTP Y
client
T1 Time resolution of internal T1
clock
T2 Time accuracy of internal T0
clock
T3 Supported Timestamp 10
resolution
-107 -
Address
Building 9, Fourth Avenue, Shangdi Information Industry Base,
Haidian District, Beijing, P.R.China
Zip 100085
Tel +8610-62961515,
+8610-62985012 (Marketing Department)
+8610-62986668(Technical Support)
Fax +8610-62981004
+8610-62978952 (Marketing Department)
E-mail: webinfo@sf-auto.com
Web Site: http://www.sf-auto.com
-108 -

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CSC-101 Line Distance

Electrical equipment should be serviced and maintained only by qualified personnel.

If any abnormity occurred in the IED or unusual maintenance needed, please

Risk of electric shock

The addition of either symbol to a Danger or Warning safety label on

This is the safety alert symbol. It is used to alert you to potential

Other safety messages and notes

in death, serious injury or property damage.

result in death, serious injury or property damage.

result in minor or moderate injury or property damage.

functions or characteristics of the HW/SW.

4.9 STUB PROT LOGIC.............................................................................................. 46

10.3 REPAIR INSTRUCTIONS ................................................................................. 88

Tab.1-1 Product Types and Protection Configurations

Combined 32 bits DSP with MCU, the microprocessor is employed to run

1.2.2 Software design

Modularized software design and agile configuration of protection function

are useful to meet the various user requirements.

1.2.3 Powerful and flexible communication functions

Perfect communication networks: 2-channel high speed electric Ethernet

1.2.4 Human friendly design

LCD with backlight: Application to display various messages such as current,

Available to check sequence number of remote signal such as the relay

1.2.5 Real time hardware system self testing

Hardware checking and self-testing on line implements to basically eliminate

Item Range or Value Standard

2.2 Binary inputs and outputs

Item Range or Value

2.3 Protection functions

Distance Protection ( 21,21N )

power directional element: 18 arg 3U 0 180

2.4 Station Communication

Item Port Port Port

Type of data transfer serial serial serial

2.5 Type tests according to standards

Item Class/rated Standards

Insulation resistance 100M IEC 60255-5: 2000

field disturbance Note: No defined in IEC60255-22

Sketch map of shell

Sketch map of opening hole

Fig.2 A case size of the CSC-101 system

3.2 Modules Arrangement

X1X10 are serial numbers of wiring terminal at rear panel.

Fig.3-1 Arrangement diagram of the CSC-101A system modules

3.3 Transformer input module ( TIM )

3.4 CPU module ( CPU )

3.5 Communication module ( COM )

3.6 Binary input module ( BIM )

3.7 Binary output module ( BOM )

3.8 Power supply module ( PSM )

12V: power for A/D

+ 5V: power for all CPU

3.9 Human-machine interface ( HMI )

and RS-232 serial interface for PC.

Software of relay protection includes main program, sampling interruption service

Main program is running under normal operation to perform hardware self-testing,

4.2 The protection basic elements

Startup element includes current sudden-change startup, zero-sequence current

4.2.1.1 Sudden-change current differential element DI1

where i= || iK- iK-T|-| i K-T - iK-2T || means AB,BC or CA, K is the

K-Tis the sampling timing before

The sudden-change current element operates when any phase-to-phase

4.2.1.2 Zero-sequence current auxiliary startup element

Besides sudden-change current startup element, zero-sequence current auxiliary