Palembang

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Not to be confused with Palimbang or Blambangan.

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Palembang
City
Other transcription(s)
Jawi ??????
Chinese ??
Pinyin J gang
Jembatan Ampera awak.JPG
Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II Museum, Palembang.jpg Masjid Agung Palembang.jpg
Taman Purbakala Kerajaan Sriwijaya - Pendopo Utama.jpg Bukit Seguntang
Tombs.jpg
Clockwise from top
Ampera Bridge, Great Mosque of Palembang, Bukit Seguntang, Sriwijaya Kingdom
Archaeological Park, Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II Museum,
Official seal of Palembang
Seal
Nickname(s) Kota Pempek (City of Pempek), Veneti Van Andalas, Bumi Sriwijaya (The
Land of Srivijaya)
Motto Palembang BARI (Bersih, Aman, Rapi, Indah) (Palembang Clean, Safe, Neat, and
Beautiful)
Palembang is located in Sumatra PalembangPalembang
Show map of Sumatra
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Show all
Coordinates 259'10?S 10445'20?ECoordinates 259'10?S 10445'20?E
Country Indonesia
Province Coat of arms of South Sumatra.svg South Sumatra
Incorporated (city) 16 June 683
Government
Mayor Harnojoyo
Deputy Fitrianti Agustinda
Area
Total 369.22 km2 (142.56 sq mi)
Elevation 8 m (26 ft)
Population (2010 census)
Total 1,708,413
Density 4,600km2 (12,000sq mi)
Demographics
Ethnic groups[1] Malays
Chinese
Lampung
Batak
Sundanese
Acehnese
Religion[2] Islam 93.08%
Buddhism 3.41%
Christianity 1.97%
Catholic 1.16%
Hinduism 0.05%
Confucianism 0.04%
Others 0.00%
Time zone WIB (UTC+7)
Area code(s) +62 711
Website www.palembang.go.id
Palembang
Chinese ??
[show]Transcriptions
This article contains Chinese text. Without proper rendering support, you may
see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Chinese characters.
Palembang is the second-largest city on Sumatra island after Medan and the capital
city of the South Sumatra province in Indonesia. It is one of the oldest cities in
the Malay Archipelago and Southeast Asia. Palembang is located on the Musi River
banks on the east coast of southern Sumatra, with a land area of 369.22 square
kilometres (142.56 square miles) and a population of 1,708,413 people (2014).[3]
Palembang is the ninth-largest city in Indonesia after Jakarta, Surabaya, Bandung,
Bekasi, Medan, Tangerang, Depok and Semarang, and the nineteenth-largest city in
Southeast Asia. Its built-up (or metro) area with Talang Kelapa and Rambutan was
home to 1,620,429 inhabitants at the 2010 census.

Palembang is the oldest city in Indonesia, and has a history of being the capital
city of the Kingdom of Srivijaya, a powerful Malay kingdom, which influenced many
areas in Southeast Asia.[4] The earliest evidence of its existence dates from the
7th century; a Chinese monk, Yijing, wrote that he visited Srivijaya in the year
671 for 6 months. The first inscription in which the name Srivijaya appears also
dates from the 7th century, namely the Kedukan Bukit Inscription around Palembang
in Sumatra, dated 683.[5]

Palembang's main landmarks include Ampera Bridge and Musi River, the latter of
which divides the city into two. The north bank of river in Palembang is known as
Seberang Ilir and the south bank of the river in Palembang is known as Seberang
Ulu. This city was known as a host city for 2011 Southeast Asian Games.
Additionally, 2018 Asian Games is going to be held in the city along with Jakarta.

Contents [hide]
1 Etymology
2 History
2.1 Srivijaya period
2.2 Post-Srivijaya period
2.3 Palembang Sultanate period
2.4 Colonial period
2.5 Japanese occupation period
2.6 National revolution period
2.7 Old Order and New Order period
2.8 Reformasi period
3 Geography and climate
3.1 Geography
3.2 Climate
3.3 Neighborhoods
3.4 Administrative division
4 Demography
5 Transport
6 Economy
7 Tourism
8 Culture
8.1 Cuisine
9 Sport
9.1 Jakabaring Sport City
9.2 Sriwijaya F.C.
10 Education
11 Twin towns sister cities
12 References
13 External links
Etymology[edit]
The word Palembang is derived from two words in Malay pa and lembang. Pa or Pe in
Malay is a prefix which indicates a place or situation meanwhile lembang or lembeng
means lowland, a swollen root because inundated by water for a long time. In other
words, Palembang literally means the place which was constantly inundated by water.
[6]

History[edit]
Srivijaya period[edit]

Srivijaya Archaeological Park located Southwest from Palembang city centre (green).
The site forming axis connecting Bukit Seguntang and Musi River.
The Kedukan Bukit Inscription, which is dated 682 AD, is the oldest inscription
found in Palembang. The inscription tells of a king who acquires magical powers and
leads a large military force over water and land, setting out from Tamvan delta,
arriving at a place called Matajap, and (in the interpretation of some scholars)
founding the polity of Srivijaya. The Matajap of the inscription is believed to be
Mukha Upang, a district of Palembang.[7]

According to George Coedes, in the second half of the 9th century Java and Sumatra
were united under the rule of a Sailendra reigning in Java...its centre at
Palembang.[8]92

As the capital of the Srivijaya kingdom, this second oldest city in Southeast Asia
has been an important trading centre in maritime Southeast Asia for more than a
millennium. The kingdom flourished by controlling the international trade through
the Malacca Straits from the seventh to thirteenth century, establishing hegemony
over polities in Sumatra and the Malay Peninsula. Sanskrit inscriptions and Chinese
travelogues report that the kingdom prospered as an intermediary in the
international trade between China and India. Because of the Monsoon, or biannual
seasonal wind, after getting to Srivijaya, traders from China or India had to stay
there for several months waiting the direction of the wind changes, or had to go
back to China or India. Thus, Srivijaya grew to be the biggest international trade
centre, and not only the market, but also infrastructures for traders such as
lodging and entertainment also developed. It functioned as a cultural centre as
well.[9] Yijing, a Chinese Buddhist pilgrim who stayed in todays Palembang and
Jambi in 671, recorded that there were more than a thousand Buddhist monks and
learned scholars, sponsored by the kingdom to study religion in Palembang. He also
recorded that there were many states under the kingdom called Srivijaya (Shili
Foshi).[10][11]

A statue of Buddha, discovered in Bukit Seguntang archaeological site, today

displayed in Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II Museum Palembang.
In 990, an army from the Kingdom of Medang in Java attacked Srivijaya. Palembang
was sacked and the palace was looted. Cudamani Warmadewa, however, requested
protection from China. By 1006, the invasion was finally repelled. In retaliation,
Srivijaya king sent his troops to assist King Wurawari of Luaram in his revolt
against Medang. In subsequent battles, Medang Palace was destroyed and the royal
family of Medang executed.[12]

In 1068, King Virarajendra Chola of the Chola Dynasty of India conquered what is
now Kedah from Srivijaya.[13] Having lost many soldiers in the war and with its
coffers almost empty due to the twenty-year disruption of trade, the reach of
Srivijaya was diminished. Its territories began to free themselves from the
suzerainty of Palembang and to establish many small kingdoms all over the former
empire.[14] Srivijaya finally declined with the military expedition by Javanese
kingdoms in the thirteenth century.[11]
Post-Srivijaya period[edit]
Prince Parameswara fled from Palembang after being crushed by Javanese forces,[15]
The city was then plagued by pirates, notably Chen Zuyi and Liang Daoming. In 1407,
Chen was confronted at Palembang by the returning Imperial treasure fleet under
Admiral Zheng He. Zheng made the opening gambit, demanding Chen's surrender and the
pirate quickly signalled agreement while preparing for a surprise pre-emptive
strike. But details of his plan had been provided to Zheng by a local Chinese
informant, and in the fierce battle that ensued, the Ming soldiers and Ming
superior armada finally destroyed the pirate fleet and killed 5,000 of its men.
Chen was captured and held for public execution in Nanjing in 1407. Peace was
finally restored to the Strait of Malacca as Shi Jinqing was installed as
Palembang's new ruler and incorporated into what would become a far-flung system of
allies who acknowledged Ming supremacy in return for diplomatic recognition,
military protection, and trading rights.[16][17] Palembang is called Chinese ??;
pinyin J gang; literally Giant Harbour.