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In some popular views, this continued existence often takes place in a spiritual
realm, and in other popular views, the individual may be reborn into this world and
begin the life cycle over again, likely with no memory of what they have done in
the past. In this latter view, such rebirths and deaths may take place over and
over again continuously until the individual gains entry to a spiritual realm or
Otherworld. Major views on the afterlife derive from religion, esotericism and
metaphysics.
Some belief systems, such as those in the Abrahamic tradition, hold that the dead
go to a specific plane of existence after death, as determined by God, or other
divine judgment, based on their actions or beliefs during life. In contrast, in
systems of reincarnation, such as those in the Indian religions, the nature of the
continued existence is determined directly by the actions of the individual in the
ended life, rather than through the decision of another being.
Contents [hide]
1 Different metaphysical models
1.1 Reincarnation
1.2 Heaven and Hell
2 Ancient religions
2.1 Ancient Egyptian religion
2.2 Ancient Greek and Roman religions
2.3 Norse religion
3 Abrahamic religions
3.1 Judaism
3.2 Christianity
3.3 Islam
3.4 Bah' Faith
4 Indian religions
4.1 Hinduism
4.2 Buddhism
4.3 Sikhism
5 Others
5.1 Traditional African religions
5.2 Shinto
5.3 Unitarian Universalism
5.4 Spiritualism
5.5 Wicca
5.6 Zoroastrianism
6 Parapsychology
7 Philosophy
7.1 Modern philosophy
7.2 Process philosophy
8 Science
9 Popular culture
9.1 Film
9.2 Television
10 See also
11 References
11.1 Notes
12 Further reading
13 External links
Different metaphysical models[edit]
Theists generally believe some type of afterlife awaits people when they die.
Members of some generally non-theistic religions tend to believe in an afterlife,
but without reference to a deity. The Sadducees were an ancient Jewish sect that
generally believed that there was a God but no afterlife.
Many religions, whether they believe in the soul's existence in another world like
Christianity, Islam and many pagan belief systems, or in reincarnation like many
forms of Hinduism and Buddhism, believe that one's status in the afterlife is a
reward or punishment for their conduct during life.
Reincarnation[edit]
Main article Reincarnation
Reincarnation is the philosophical or religious concept that an aspect of a living
being starts a new life in a different physical body or form after each biological
death. It is also called rebirth or transmigration, and is a part of the Sa?sara
doctrine of cyclic existence.[1][2] It is a central tenet of all major Indian
religions, namely Buddhism, Hinduism, Jainism, and Sikhism.[2][3][4] The idea of
reincarnation is found in many ancient cultures,[5] and a belief in
rebirthmetempsychosis was held by Greek historic figures, such as Pythagoras,
Socrates, and Plato.[6] It is also a common belief of various ancient and modern
religions such as Spiritism, Theosophy, and Eckankar and is found as well in many
tribal societies around the world, in places such as Australia, East Asia, Siberia,
and South America.[7]
In Indian religions, Heaven is considered as Svarga loka, and the soul is again
subjected to rebirth in different living forms according to its karma. This cycle
can be broken after a soul achieves Moksha or Nirvana. Any place of existence,
either of humans, souls or deities, outside the tangible world (Heaven, Hell, or
other) is referred to as otherworld.