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CHEM 113

Weak Base and Strong Acid

PURPOSE

The purpose of this experiment is to determine the equilibrium constants and concentration for acetic
acid and aqueous ammonia with the use of titration curves. A titration of a Weak-Acid-Strong Base and
Strong Acid- Weak Base will be done with a graph that is created for each of the titrations. With the
titration graphs, the equivalence points can be read that will tell you the volume of base needed. Then
with the volume data, the concentration of acid can be found. Then we use the half equivalence point
to find out the pKa value since the pH is equal to pKa. Therefore when we have the pKa we can use that
value to determine the Ka of the acid.

PROCEDURES

The first step involves preparing the acetic acid. 10 mL of concentrated acetic acid is placed in a 50 mL
beaker. Then add 20 mL of distilled water to a 100-mL volumetric flask with a graduated cylinder and
5.00 mL of the acetic acid solution into a volumetric flask. Swirl the flask to mix it and then fill the flask
to the mark with distilled water and mix it again. The titration of Acetic acid with NaOH will be done. 10
mL of distilled water is added to 250 mL Erlenmeyer flask using a graduated cylinder and then pipette
20.00 mL of your diluted acetic acid solution. Next, set up a titration making sure that .10 M NaOH is in
the buret. A pH meter will be used to monitor and record the pH of the system. Add the NaOH in 1-mL
increments until the pH reaches 5 and then slow down and add in 0.10 mL increments until your well
past the equivalent point. After that, continue adding in 1-mL increments until little noticeable change is
noticed in the pH. Similar steps will be done with the titration of a strong acid (Ammonia) and a weak
base (HCL). 35 mL of aqueous ammonia in a 250 mL beaker making sure to label the beaker and record
the concentration. Add 20.00 mL of ammonia solution into a 250-mL Erlenmeyer flask and set up a buret
with 0.100 M HCL in buret. Add the HCL in 1-mL increments until the pH reaches 9 and then record the
total volume of base added and the pH after each 1 mL is added. At 8 pH, slow down to 10 mL increment
until you are significantly passing the equivalence point. Then beyond this point, add HCL in 1-mL
increments until the little change is noticed in pH. Then construct graphs for both titrations with the pH
on the Y axis and volume of NaOH on the x axis.

OBSERVATIONS, RESULT, AND DATA SHEETS

Titration Ammonia with HCL


Added HCL (mL) pH Added HCL pH HCL pH HCL pH
0 12.57 20 10.06 28.3 8.82 30.4 8.11
1 12.55 21 9.88 28.4 8.8 30.5 8.05
2 12.55 22 9.75 28.5 8.78 30.6 7.97
3 12.52 23 9.6 28.6 8.76 30.7 7.87
4 12.49 24 9.37 28.7 8.73 30.8 7.75
5 12.46 25 9.35 28.8 8.69 30.9 7.53
6 12.42 26 9.21 28.9 8.68 31 7.3
7 12.38 27 9.07 29.1 8.63 31.1 7.08
8 12.33 27.1 9.06 29.2 8.62 31.2 6.86
9 12.28 27.2 9.05 29.3 8.6 31.3 6.68
10 12.22 27.3 9.02 29.4 8.57 31.4 6.28
11 12.15 27.4 9 29.5 8.5 32 4.6
12 12.07 27.5 8.98 29.6 8.46 33 3.75
13 11.97 27.6 8.96 29.7 8.44 34 2.83
14 11.84 27.7 8.94 29.8 8.4 35 2.56
15 11.68 27.8 8.93 29.9 8.36
16 11.41 27.9 8.91 30 8.32
17 10.99 28 8.9 30.1 8.27
18 10.53 28.1 8.87 30.2 8.21
19 10.27 28.2 8.85 30.3 8.16

Amonia vs Weak Base Titration Curve


14
12
10
8
pH

6
4
2
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
mL of Amonia Added

Titration Acetic Acid with NaOH


Added NaOH (mL) pH NaOH pH NaOH pH
0 3.08 7 5.48 10 11.45
1 3.86 7.1 5.52 11 11.93
2 4.1 7.2 5.55 12 12.07
3 4.31 7.3 5.6 13 12.17
4 4.54 7.4 5.67 14 12.23
5 4.92 7.5 5.72 15 12.28
5.1 4.94 7.6 5.8 16 12.33
5.4 5.02 7.7 5.85 17 12.36
5.5 5.04 7.8 5.97 18 12.39
5.6 5.06 7.9 6.07 19 12.42
5.7 5.08 8 6.24
5.8 5.11 8.1 6.34
5.9 5.13 8.2 6.87
6.1 5.19 8.3 9.66
6.2 5.2 8.4 10.7
6.3 5.24 8.5 10.91
6.4 5.28 8.6 11.1
6.5 5.3 8.7 11.23
6.6 5.34 8.8 11.31
6.7 5.38 8.9 11.34
6.8 5.42 9 11.42

Titration Acetic Acid and Sodium


Hydroxide
14
12
10
8
pH

6
4
2
0
0 5 10 15 20
Added NaOH (mL)
Calculations

1. It takes 8.4mL to reach the equivalence point on the graph


2. It requires 4.2mL to reach the half equivalence point on the graph.
3. Concentration of diluted acetic acid solution

Eq point
0.100 moles NaOH multiplied 0.0083L = 0.00083 moles of NaOH
L = 0.00083 moles of HA

0.00083 moles of
Concentration Acetic acid HA = 0.0332 Moles of HA
0.025L

4.

= 0.0332 X 4 =0.1328

5. PKa is 4.15
Ka is = (10^-4.15)^2 = 5.01187E-09/.0332 (concentration of diluted) = 1.5096E-07

Calculation for Ammonia

1. It takes 31mL to reach the equivalence point


2. It requires 15.5mL to reach the half-equivalence point.
3. Concentration of diluted ammonia = 0.155 moles
Concentration of original ammonia = 0.155 X 4 = 0.62

4. pKb is 15.5 and Kb is 6.45161E-31 (please refer to previous #3 for calculation)

Questions

1. When comparing the two titration curves, I noticed that they started at opposite ends of the pH
range.
2. The curves were a lot less noticeable in the ammonia titration possible ably due to inaccuracies.
3. The experiment pKa value was close to the accepted values, however our Ka values were
several significant figures off.
4. The experiments pKb value is significantly different from the accepted results. This may be due
to an inaccurate equivalence point from the graph.
5. I would think an indicator would be quicker than using the pH meter but, the pH meter would
yield more accurate results. All in all, I would use a pH meter if I had a choice since the pH can
be constantly monitored when volume is added giving a more detailed picture of the titration
and its equivalence point. In my opinion this would be a more accurate then to determine the
color change of an indicator.

Conclusions

The titration of a weak acid and strong base and vice versa has increased understanding of the
relationship of the two titrations. Additionally, the equivalence point and half equivalence point is well
understood and now the titration method can be applied to any type of base or acid to find the
concentration of the solutions. The pK and K constant value can be calculated from the titration data.
This has many real world applications, the most important being finding a solutions concentration and
constant values. This information could be very valuable as it could aid in any other experiments.

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