Goal 2.2.

1 notes

Chemical symbols - abbreviated way of writing an element

Based on Latin names, names of scientists, and places

An element name with a two letter abbreviation has the first

capitalized and the second lower case
Ex. Co is the symbol for the element cobalt
CO is the symbol for the compound carbon monoxide
The modern periodic table, elements are arranged by
increasing atomic number (# of protons)

Groups or families-vertical columns (#1-18)

Elements in each group have similar chemical and physical
properties & the same number of valence electrons (electrons
in the outer energy level)

Periods-horizontal rows of elements (# 1-7), indicate the # of

energy levels (or energy shells)
Metals = all elements to the left of this stair-step line
Nonmetals = elements to the right of this stair-step line
Metalloids = elements next to the stair-step line (except Al
its a metal); they have properties of both metals and
nonmetals

Alkali metals = Group 1, 1 valence electron, 1+ oxidation #,

highly reactive metals
Alkaline earth metals = Group 2, 2 valence electrons, 2+
oxidation #
Transition elements = Groups 3 through 12. They are metals
but have properties not found in other groups
Halogens = Group 17, 7 valence electrons, 1- oxidation #,
highly reactive nonmetals
Noble gases = Group 18, are non-metals but are extremely
stable and unreactive
Two significant periods (both metals) are placed below
the periodic table and named after their first elements:
The Lanthanide Series contains rare earth elements
#57-71
The Actinide Series (#89-103) contains elements, which
contain unstable nuclei (meaning they are radioactive)

Classes of elements
Metals:
Hard, shiny solids (except Mercury Hg)
Metal are losers! They tend to lose electrons when
bonding
Good conductors of heat and electricity
Malleable &Ductile

All the elements in Groups 1 through 12 are metals except

hydrogen
Nonmetals:
Most nonmetals are gases at room temperature
Nonmetals tend to gain or share electrons when bonding
They are dull, brittle and powdery
Poor conductors of heat and electricity
Hydrogen is considered a non-metal
Metalloids: elements with properties that fall between metals
and nonmetals
For example, metals are good conductors and nonmetals
are poor conductors.
 Metalloids ability to conduct electricity depends on
temperature.
Silicon is a good insulator at low temperatures but a good
conductor at high temperatures.
Along the stair-step line
Boron, silicon, germanium, arsenic, antimony, tellurium,
polonium, and astatine

Group # of valence Oxidation #

electron
1-Alkali metals 1 1+
2-Alkaline earth 2 2+
metals
3-12 Transition metals Vary Vary
13-Boron family 3 3+
14- Carbon family 4 4-
15- Nitrogen family 5 3-
16- Oxygen family 6 2-
17-Halogens 7 1-
18-Noble Gases 8 0

Electron dot diagram: represents the valence electrons of the

element. www.youtube.com/watch?v=y6QZRBIO0-o
Remember valence electrons are the electrons in the outer
shell. They can be determined using the periodic table.
Oxidation # is the charge of the ion. Remember that an ion is
an atom w/ a charge.

Watch:
https://www.fuseschool.org/communities/113/contents/847?
PHPSESSID

Samples:
1. Which statement best describes one group of elements
compared to another?
a. Group 2 is less reactive than group 13
b Group 18 is more reactive than group 1
c. Group 14 is more reactive than group 15
d. Group 1 is more reactive than group 2

2. Which one of the element groups listed it the most

stable?
a. group 13 b. group 15 c. group 17 d. group 18

3. Francium is an element found in group 1 and period 7.

How many valence electrons does an atom of francium
contain? a. 1 b. 6 c. 7 d. 8

4. Radium is an element found in group 2 and period 7.

How many energy levels does an atom of radium contain?
a. 1 b. 6 c. 7 d. 8

5. Noble Gases are nonmetallic elements that do not

readily react w/ other elements. What accounts for this
non-reactivity?
a. Noble Gases have an even # of protons and electrons.
b. Noble Gases have an even # of protons and neutrons.
c. Nobel Gases have 8 valence electrons.
d. Noble Gases have an atomic number of 8.

6. Iodine is a halogen found in group 17 and period 6.

How many valence electrons does iodine have?
a. 6 b. 7 c. 11 d. 17

7. Where in the periodic table are the most reactive non-

metals found?
a. nearer the upper left b. nearer the lower left
c. nearer the upper right d. nearer the lower left

8. Which group or family of elements in the periodic table

has only one valence electron?
a. the alkaline earth metals b. the alkali metals
c. the halogens d. the noble gases
9. Which two elements have similar chemical properties
according to the periodic table?
a. He and Ar b. O and N
c. Li and Ca d. B and Li

10. Which group contains the most reactive metals?

a. the alkaline earth metals b. the alkali metals
c. the halogens d. the noble gases

11. Which group contains the most reactive nonmetals?

a. the alkaline earth metals b. the alkali metals
c. the halogens d. the noble gases

12. Which group contains unreactive elements?

a. the alkaline earth metals b. the alkali metals
c. the halogens d. the noble gases

13. All of the elements in the halogen family

a. need to give up one electron to become stable
b. need to gain one electron to become stable
c. do not react at all with other elements
d. do not need to gain one electron to become stable

14. Which of the following is a correct statement about a

periodic trend?
a. In general, the atomic radius of elements decreases going
down the Periodic Table.
b. In general, an electron is more tightly bound to its atom
going from left to right across the Periodic Table.
c. The reactivity of metals decreases going down the Periodic
Table.
d. In general, the atomic radius of elements increases going
from left to right on the Periodic Table.

15. Where are the halogens located on the Periodic Table?

a. Group 1 b. Row 1 c. Group 2
d. Group 17 e. Group 18 f. groups 3-12

16. How would a bromine atom most likely gain a full

outer shell?
A. lose 7 electrons b. gain 7 electrons
c. lose 1 electron d. gain 1 electron

17. Which atom is correctly paired w/ its oxidation #?

a. Na 7 b. Cl +7 c. Ar 8 d. Ca +2

18. Which electrons are involved in the bonding process?

A. electrons in the next to the last shell
b. electrons closest to the nucleus
c. electrons in the inner shells
d. electrons in the outer shell