,
.
,
.
.
SWOT- PEST- ,
.
.
.
.
1
4.1.
.
.
.
.
4.2.
4.2.1.
, .
PEST- , .
STEP-
SWOT-.
SWOT- .
SWOT.
.
.
.
.
.
.
4.2.2.
, .
.
.
.
)
: .
.
.
.
.
()
)
: BCG.
GE. .
.
.
McKinsey .
.
McKinsey
4.3.
.
.
4.3.1. , .
.
.
.
4.3.2.
Value Chain. - .
4.3.3. - .
- .
4.3.4. .
4.3.5. : .
.
4.3.6. SNW- .
4.3.7. .
4.3.8. .
.
.
.
4.4.
.
: .
, .
.: .
: ; .
.
.
2
4.1. ___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
PEST- + + +
SWOT- + + +
___________________________________
+ + + + +
+ + + ___________________________________
+ + + + +
+ + + +
___________________________________
+ + +
+ + +
+ + + + +
___________________________________
___________________________________
:
___________________________________
, ;
, ___________________________________
;
; ___________________________________
;
(
);
___________________________________
;
,
___________________________________
;
___________________________________
___________________________________
SWOT- ___________________________________
Value Chain . (
) ___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
3
___________________________________
___________________________________
? ___________________________________
PEST- 10,1%
5,1%
___________________________________
GAP- 2,6% ___________________________________
SWOT- 47,6%
___________________________________
Ansoff 2,5%
BCG 9,6%
___________________________________
, 13,0%
, 9,5%
___________________________________
4.2.
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
4.2.1.
___________________________________
:
, ___________________________________
;
___________________________________
;
___________________________________
;
___________________________________
.
___________________________________
: PEST-.
4
PEST- , ___________________________________
___________________________________
P
1. 1. ___________________________________
(, , )
2. 2.
3. 3. ___________________________________
4.
4. ___________________________________
5. 5.
6. 6.
___________________________________
N
___________________________________
N+1 1: M+1 C 1:
N+2 2: +2 C 2:
PEST- , ___________________________________
___________________________________
S
1. 1. ___________________________________
2. 2.
3. , , 3. ___________________________________
4. 4.
5. 5.
___________________________________
6. 6. ,
___________________________________
7.
+1 C 1:
___________________________________
+1 1: +2 C 2:
+2 2:
___________________________________
STEP-
___________________________________
?
: ___________________________________
___________________________________
, ___________________________________
___________________________________
?
___________________________________
;
;
5
___________________________________
SWOT-
___________________________________
SWOT-:
. ___________________________________
SWOT-:
1. .
___________________________________
2. (
). ___________________________________
3. ,
( ). ___________________________________
4. ,
, , . ___________________________________
SWOT-: .
___________________________________
SWOT-
___________________________________
SWOT ___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
SWOT
___________________________________
1 1
___________________________________
2 2
3 3
___________________________________
1
___________________________________
2
3
___________________________________
1
2
___________________________________
3
6
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
( )
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
()
___________________________________
___________________________________
7
___________________________________
___________________________________
, , ,
___________________________________
___________________________________
() ___________________________________
()
___________________________________
, ,
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
,
___________________________________
( ___________________________________
)
___________________________________
___________________________________
(
, ,
) ___________________________________
8
___________________________________
4.2.2.
___________________________________
,
,
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
5-
/
___________________________________
___________________________________
BCG
MCKinsey
___________________________________
___________________________________
;
, ;
___________________________________
,
; ___________________________________
; ___________________________________
;
___________________________________
;
, ___________________________________
;
.
___________________________________
___________________________________
( ) ___________________________________
,
___________________________________
( ) ___________________________________
,
___________________________________
-
___________________________________
9
___________________________________
___________________________________
/
___________________________________
)
___________________________________
,
: ___________________________________
___________________________________
-
( ,
,
___________________________________
)
___________________________________
(
, ___________________________________
,
,
)
: ___________________________________
___________________________________
,
___________________________________
, -
,
___________________________________
-
,
___________________________________
, .
,
___________________________________
___________________________________
,
10
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
,
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
,
.
___________________________________
,
.
___________________________________
.
___________________________________
-
, .
___________________________________
,
. ___________________________________
?
?
11
___________________________________
___________________________________
- ___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
)
___________________________________
:
___________________________________
( ___________________________________
BCG);
___________________________________
;
___________________________________
___________________________________
.
___________________________________
: BCG
___________________________________
,
:
___________________________________
(
; ). ___________________________________
.
___________________________________
, .
.
___________________________________
,
___________________________________
:
.
12
___________________________________
___________________________________
:
BCG ___________________________________
___________________________________
%
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
:
BCG ___________________________________
___________________________________
10 0.1
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
GE. ___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
/
___________________________________
( )
___________________________________
, ,
___________________________________
13
___________________________________
___________________________________
. (
)
___________________________________
( )
( )
___________________________________
()
___________________________________
()
(
)
___________________________________
___________________________________
()
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
D
F
___________________________________
E G
H
___________________________________
/
___________________________________
McKinsey
GE/McKinsey
___________________________________
___________________________________
GE/McKinsey
2
1 1 ___________________________________
2
___________________________________
3
1 3
___________________________________
3 2
1
___________________________________
2
14
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
McKinsey
___________________________________
Y
1 2 1 ___________________________________
2
___________________________________
3 1
___________________________________
3 2 3
___________________________________
100 0 ___________________________________
___________________________________
4.3.
___________________________________
( ___________________________________
)
___________________________________
( ,
).
___________________________________
.
___________________________________
.
.
, ,
___________________________________
.
15
___________________________________
___________________________________
: ___________________________________
:
, 1.
2.
.
___________________________________
Value Chain . (
-
). ___________________________________
3.
(
)
4.
___________________________________
,
___________________________________
.
4.3.1. , ___________________________________
___________________________________
,
- , ___________________________________
,
. ___________________________________
: ___________________________________
;
; ___________________________________
;
;
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
, :
___________________________________
,
; ___________________________________
, , ___________________________________
;
___________________________________
___________________________________
16
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
-
___________________________________
___________________________________
( )
, ___________________________________
.
___________________________________
:
,
___________________________________
, ,
. ___________________________________
:
,
___________________________________
,
,
.
___________________________________
4.3.2.
___________________________________
.
___________________________________
, ___________________________________
( ).
:
___________________________________
.
___________________________________
.
___________________________________
.
,
17
Value Chain ___________________________________
-
___________________________________
- - - - -
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
___________________________________
- - -
- -
___________________________________
___________________________________
- - - -
- -
,
- -
,
-
-
___________________________________
___________________________________
( )
-
___________________________________
4.3.3. -
:
___________________________________
, .
___________________________________
, ,
___________________________________
.
.
. .
. ,
___________________________________
,
___________________________________
. . ___________________________________
.
. , ,
. .
. .
. .
.
- ___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
18
___________________________________
4.3.4.
___________________________________
, ,
,
___________________________________
: , ,
.
,
___________________________________
,
___________________________________
,
.
.
___________________________________
( .. )
___________________________________
.
4.3.5. : ___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
-
___________________________________
()
(B)
___________________________________
-
___________________________________
()
(D) ___________________________________
: ___________________________________
___________________________________
()
40 ___________________________________
30
___________________________________
20
10
___________________________________
()
40 30 20 10 10 20 30 40
()
___________________________________
10
20
___________________________________
30 -
40 -
19
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
4.3.6. SNW-
___________________________________
S () N () W ()
1.
2. -
___________________________________
3.
4. , ..
___________________________________
___________________________________
5. ( ) ___________________________________
6. ( )
7. ( ), .
___________________________________
8.
9.
10.
___________________________________
4.3.7.
___________________________________
5
1 ___________________________________
5 4
2
5
3
3 4
3 ___________________________________
2
3 4
2
2
5 ___________________________________
5
1
1
4
1
5
2
4
1
6
2
1
1
___________________________________
1
2
1 1
7
2
3
2
4
2
4
8
5
___________________________________
5
3 3
4 4 9
5
10
5
20
___________________________________
4.3.8.
___________________________________
___________________________________
(. Benchmarking)
,
,
___________________________________
, ,
___________________________________
.
: ___________________________________
___________________________________
-
___________________________________
___________________________________
.
, ___________________________________
,
. ___________________________________
, ___________________________________
, .
, ___________________________________
,
. ___________________________________
.
___________________________________
:
___________________________________
?
___________________________________
?
___________________________________
?
___________________________________
?
___________________________________
?
?
___________________________________
21
___________________________________
___________________________________
/
___________________________________
- / -
___________________________________
/
/
___________________________________
/ () ___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
4.4.
___________________________________
1. () :
. ___________________________________
2. : , .
___________________________________
3. :
() ___________________________________
, ,
.
.
___________________________________
4. ___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
?
?
?
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
- /
- ___________________________________
22
: ___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
,
___________________________________
,
,
. ,
___________________________________
,
. ___________________________________
, ___________________________________
.
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Cost-leadership
___________________________________
() ,
,
___________________________________
,
___________________________________
23
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
. ___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
?! ( )
___________________________________
___________________________________
:
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
: ___________________________________
___________________________________
1. 1. ___________________________________
2. .
2.
3.
___________________________________
3.
4. ___________________________________
1.
___________________________________
1.
2.
2. ___________________________________
3. 3.
4.
24
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
, , ___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
,
___________________________________
25
SWOT
, .
, ,
.
SWOT
.
SWOT ,
( )
( ).
, ,
.
,
, .
, ,
.
.
SWOT
:
- -
,
- ?
-
,
?
-
,
?
SWOT-
26
,
, : ,
,
.
, .
/
, ,
.
,
,
.
() ,
(),
.
,
, .
, ,
, , ..
, ,
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.
,
: ( - ),
( - ), ( - ) ( -
).
.
. , :
1) ;
2) ;
3) -;
4) ;
5) .
: -,
, , , .
27
PEST- (Policy),
(Economy), (Society) (Technology)
, .
SWOT- ,
, .
, ,
(Strengths and
Weaknesses), (Opportunities)
(Threats), . .
. SWOT-
, ,
,
. .
.
()
,
, ;
, , .
, .
( . )
,
.
()
, ( )
( . ).
() ,
.
,
, ,
.
,
. , ,
: , ,
, ,
.
28