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UNIT 3
MOF
Contents
Viscous Flow
Shear stress and pressure gradient relationship in Laminar Flow
Parallel Plates
Circular Pipes (Hagen Poiseulles equation)
Losses in Pipes
Major and Minor losses
Darcy Weisbachs equation
Pipe roughness
Friction factor
Moodys diagram
Connection of pipes
Pipes in series
Pipes in parallel
Objectives
Differentiate between laminar and turbulent flows in
pipelines.
Describe the velocity profile for laminar and turbulent flows.
Compute Reynolds number for flow in pipes.
Define the friction factor, and compute the friction losses in
pipelines.
Recognize the source of minor losses, and compute minor
losses in pipelines.
Analyze simple pipelines, pipelines in series, parallel, and
simple pipe networks.
3
Types of Flow
Laminar Flow or Viscous Flow (<2000)
Transition Flow (2000 to 4000)
Turbulent Flow (>4000)
Based on Reynolds No
Re =(VD/) - No unit
Reynolds Experiment
Reynolds Experiment
Types of Flow Based on Re
Flow of Viscous Fluid in a circular pipe
Hagen Poiseulle Equation
p
Forces acting on fluid
particle
Friction
Forces
Equate the Forces
m
Frictional Factor f
Laminar Flow
f depends only on Reynolds No
Transition Flow
f depends on both Reynolds No and Roughness of pipe(Re and R/k)
Turbulent Flow
Smooth Pipe(Re)
Rough Pipe(R/k)
Given Data:
Head Losses in a pipe
Problem on losses.
Section A-A
Section B-B
V A
A
z A
V B
B
z B
h L
g 2g g 2g
Here, pA =pB = 0 Since it is open to atmosphere
VA = 0 since fluid is static at section 1 and VB=V2 velocity in pipe 2
considering datum as the centre line of pipe.
ZB = 0 and ZA= 8m
PiPES in SERIES
Total Head Loss H = head loss in pipe 1 +
head loss in pipe 2 + head loss in pipe 3
Discharge will be same in all pipes.
Pipes in parallel- Penstock
Total Discharge Q = Q1 + Q2 +..+ Qn
Head Loss will be same in all pipes.
Pipe Network
66
Hydraulic Transients:
Rapid pressure changes inside a closed conduit in unsteady flow
conditions.
Conversion of
Increase in pressure
head
FUNCTIONS :