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CHAPTER 3

SOFTWARE PROJECT ANALYSIS

1. DATA FLOW DIAGRAM

A data flow diagram (DFD) is a graphical representation of the "flow" of data

through an information system, modelling its process aspects. A DFD is often used

as a preliminary step to create an overview of the system without going into detail,

which can later be elaborated. A data flow diagram (DFD) maps out the flow of

information for any process or system. It uses defined symbols like rectangles,

circles and arrows, plus short text labels, to show data inputs, outputs, storage points

and the routes between each destination.

1.1 DFD Level 0

A context diagram is a top level (also known as "Level 0") data flow diagram.

It only contains one process node ("Process 0") that generalizes the function of

the entire system in relationship to external entities. DFD Layers.

A context level DFD is the most basic form of DFD. It aims to show how the

entire system works at a glance. There is only one process in the system and all

the data flows either into or out of this process. Context level DFDs

demonstrates the interactions between the process and external entities.

They do not contain Data Stores.

We have a made a DFD level 0 for our project Online teaching portal (fig 3.1)
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Fig 3.1 DFD Level 0

1.2 DFD Level 1

Level 1 DFDs aim to give an overview of the full system. They look at the system

in more detail. Major processes are broken down into sub-processes. Level 1 DFDs

also identifies data stores that are used by the major processes.

When constructing a Level 1 DFD, we must start by examining the Context Level

DFD. We must break up the single process into its sub-processes. We must then
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pick out the data stores from the text we are given and include them in our DFD.

Like the Context Level DFDs, all entities, data stores and processes must be

labelled. We must also state any assumptions made from the text.

We have a made DFD Level 1 for our project Online teaching portal (Fig3.2)

Figure 3.2 DFD Level 1

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1.3 DFD Level 2

A level 2 data flow diagram (DFD) offers a more detailed look at the processes

that make up an information system than a level 1 DFD does. It can be used to

plan or record the specific makeup of a system.

We have a made a DFD level 2 for our project Online teaching portal (fig 3.3)

Figure 3.3(i) DFD Level 2 (Library)

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2. ENTITY RELATIONSHIP DIAGRAM

An entity relationship model, also called an entity-relationship (ER) diagram, is a

graphical representation of entities and their relationships to each other, typically

used in computing regarding the organization of data within databases or

information systems.

An entity relationship diagram (ERD) basically shows the relationships of entity

sets stored in a database. An entity in this context is a component of data. In other

words, ER diagrams illustrate the logical structure of databases.

At first glance, an entity relationship diagram looks very much like a flowchart. It

has the specialized symbols, and the meanings of those symbols, that make it

unique.

Common Entity Relationship Diagram Symbols

An ER diagram is a means of visualizing how the information a system produces is

related. There are five main components of an ERD:

Entities, which are represented by rectangles. An entity is an object or

concept about which you want to store information.

ENTITY

A weak entity is an entity that must defined by a foreign key relationship

with another entity as it cannot be uniquely identified by its own attributes alone.

WEAK ENTITY
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Actions, which are represented by diamond shapes, show how two entities

share information in the database.

RELATIONSHIP

Attributes, which are represented by ovals. A key attribute is the unique,

distinguishing characteristic of the entity. For example, an employee's social

security number might be the employee's key attribute.

A multivalued attribute can have more than one value. For example,

employee entity can have multiple skill values..

A derived attribute is based on another attribute. For example, an

employee's monthly salary is based on the employee's annual salary

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Connecting lines, solid lines that connect attributes to show the

relationships of entities in the diagram.

ER Diagram Uses:

When documenting a system or process, looking at the system in multiple ways

increases the understanding of that system. ERD diagrams are commonly used in

conjunction with a data flow diagram to display the contents of a data store. They

help us to visualize how data is connected in a general way, and are particularly

useful for constructing a relational database

We have a made ER Diagram for our project Online teaching portal (Fig3.4)
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Figure 3.4 ER DIAGRAM

3. DATABASES

A database is an organized collection of data. It is the collection

of schemas, tables, queries, reports, views, and other objects. The data are typically

organized to model aspects of reality in a way that supports processes requiring

information, such as modelling the

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availability of courses in portal is a way that supports finding a courses and

relevant topics.

databases can be maintained by various tools but in out project we are using MY

SQL to manage database.

We are including the following databases in our project which will help us to

maintain records of necessary data:

1) User table

Field Field Field Type Size (No Of Description

Name Code Characters)

Serial s_no Numeric Autoincrement Serial wise list

Number of users

User user_na Alphanumeric 30 Name of the

Name me users

Users email_id Alphanumeric 30 Email id of the

Email Id users

Mobile mobile_n Numeric 10 Mobile number

Number o of the user

Set password Alphanumeric 10 Password

Password
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Gender gender Enum(Male,Female) 20 It can have the

value male or

female

Table 3.1 User Database Specifications

2) Course

Field Name Field Code Field Type Size (No Of Description

Characters)

Topic ID topic_id Alphanumeric 20 Id of specified

topics

Topic Name topic_name Alphanumeric 20 Names of the

topics/contents

Table 3.2 Course Database Specifications

3) Feedback

Field Field Code Field Type Size (No Of Description

Name Characters)

User Name user_name Alphanumeric 30 Name of the

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sender(user)

Users email_id Alphanumeric 10 Email id of the

Email Id sender (user)

Message message Alphanumeric 500 Feedback/suggestion

of the user

Table 3.3 Feedback Database Specifications

4. Admin Login

Field Name Field Code Field Type Size (No Of Description

Characters)

Admin ID Admin_id Alphanumeric 30 ID of admin

Admin password Alphanumeric 10 Password

Password

5. VALIDATION SPECIFICATIONS TABLE

Form Field Validation Rules

Empty field validation

User email id must be 15 to 40

User Email ID characters long

Login
Not valid email id

It should have @ and . in it

Password Empty field validation

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password must be 8 to 10 characters

long

Empty field validation

Full name must be 9 to 30 characters

Full Name
long

Full name shall not have any symbols

Empty field validation

Email format validation

User Email ID Email-id already exists

Not valid email id

It should have @ and . in it

Empty field validation

Mobile number should be 10 digits

Registration
Mobile long

number It should not have any alphabets or

symbols

Empty fields validation

Password should be same and 8 to 10

Set Password characters long

Uppercase and lowercase must be

concerned

Empty fields validation

Gender
One option should be selected from
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two radio buttons i.e male, female

Empty fields validation

One option should be selected from

Category
three radio buttons i.e student, teacher,

admin

Empty fields validation Not valid

email id

Users Email It should have @ and . in it

Reset Password
ID Email ID must be 15 to 40 characters

long and must be same in database

Table 3.4 Validation Specifications