PROJECT REPORT

on
Design of Pre-engineered Building

for

Partial fulfillment of the course requirement of

Course 6670 : Structural Engg. Design Studio

Instructors:- Group 2 members:-

Prof. A.Meher Prasad Harekrishna kumar
(CE16M004)

Prof. Satish kumar Kurian P Mathew

(CE16M015)

Prof. A.K.Sengupta Arjun Kumar (CE16M047)

CONTENTS:-
Problem statement
Design Basis Report (DBR)
Design Calculations
Design checks
PROBLEM STATEMENT :-

Design of Pre-engineered Industrial Building

Design a PEB to satisfy the following plan and elevation requirements. Use fy = 350 MPa , M30 ,Gr 8.8 bolts
Mezzanine floors to be made of composite profile deck slabs supported by Rolled sections of fy = 250 MPa .

PLAN DETAILS :-

60 m x 150 m with mezzanine of 40 m x 40 m at 4 m height .

EOT of 10 MT for 20 m width on both sides at 8 m height .
2 Nos. openings 6 m x 6 m in front side.

LOADS :-
DL + CO = 2 kN/m2
Basic wind speed = 50 m/s
Seismic zone = II
Mezza LL = 4 kN/m2

Codes to follow during the design :-

CODE DESCRIPTION

IS:875 (Part-1)- 1987 Code of Practice for Design Loads (Other than Earthquake) for
building and Structures-Unit Weights of Buildings Materials and
Stored Material.

IS:875 (Part-3)- 2015 Code of Practice for Design Loads (Other than Earthquake) for
Buildings and Structures Wind Load.
 IS 1893( 4 ) :2005 Criteria for earthquake resistance design of structures, Part 4: Industrial
Structures Including Stack-Like Structures

IS 456-2000

IS 800- 2007 Code of Practice for general construction in steel

IS 801-1975 Code of practice for use of cold-formed light gauge steel structural
members in general building construction
(reaffirmed 1995 )
SP6( 1 ) - 1964 Handbook for structural engineer : Structural steel sections

SP6( 5 ) - 1980 Handbook for structural engineer : cold formed ,light guage steel
structures
SP 6(6 ) - 1972 Handbook for Structural Engineers :
Application of Plastic Theory In Design of Steel Structures

DESIGN METHODOLOGY:

The following procedures as recommended by SP 6 (6) will be followed during the design :-

a) Determine possible loading conditions.

b) Compute the factored design load combination(s).

 c) Estimate the plastic moment ratios of frame members.

d) Analyse the frame for each loading condition and calculate the maximum required

e) plastic moment capacity, Mp

f) Select the section, and Check the design for other secondary modes of failure (IS: 800-2007)
.

FRAMING PLAN

. The industrial building has been planned to have three bay portal frame structure and have been assumed to have following
architectural details :-

Width Of a Single Bay = 20 m

Slope Of Roof or Rafter = 1 in 10

Height Of Eaves = 10 m ( more than level of EOT )

Height of Apex = 13 m

C/C Distance Between Frames = 6.0 m

LOAD CALCULATIONS:-

DEAD LOAD = 2 kN/m2

Dead load/m run = 2 x 6 = 12 kN/m

LIVE LOAD = 0.75 kN/m2 ( no access to roof )

Live load/m run = 0.75 x 6 = 4.5 kN/m ( < 10 ) IS 875 ( Part 2 ) 1987

CRANE LOADING :-

Overhead electric crane capacity = 10 MT

Approximate wt. of Crane girder = 200 kN

Weight of Crab = 60 kN

The extreme position of crane hook is assumed as 1m from the centre line of rail.The span of crane is is taken
as 20 m and the wheel base has been taken as 3.8 m.

VERTICAL LOAD :-

The weight of the crane is shared equally by four wheels on both sides.The reaction on wheel due to the lifted
weight and the crab can be obtained by taking moments about the centerline of wheels.
MB = 0
20 *2RA = 160 * 19+200 *10 = 5040 kNm
RA = (5040/2*20) = 126 kN
MA = 0
2RA (20) = (200*10)+(160*1) = 2160 kNm
RA = 54 kN

To get the maximum wheel load on a frame from gantry girder AA ,taking the gantry girder as simply
supported.

Centre to centre distance between frames is 6 m c/c .

Assuming impact @ 25%
Maximum Wheel load @ A = 1.25( 126 ( 1 + (6 3.8)/6 ) = 216 kN
Minimum Wheel load @ A = 216 * (54/126) = 93 kN

TRANSVERSE LOAD :-

Lateral load per wheel = 5% (160/2) = 4 kN

( NOTE:- Lateral load is assumed as 5% of the lifted load and the weight of the trolley acting on each rail )
Lateral load on each column = 4*(216/126) = 7 kN ( BY PROPORTION)

WIND LOAD CALCULATIONS

Wind loads will be calculated in accordance with IS 875( Part 3.)-2015

Design wind speed Vz = Vb x K1 x K2 x K3

Vb Basic wind velocity for CHENNAI = 50 m/s

k1 Risk coefficient for a design life of 50 years = 1.00

K2 Terrain and height factor = 0.80 ( Terrain category 3 )

k3 Topography factor = 1.00 ( Plain ground , < 3)

k4 Importance factor for cyclonic region = 1.15 ( Industrial structures )

Vz = 50 x 1.00 x 1.00 x 0.80 x 1.15 = 46 m/s

Design wind pressure (Pz) = 0.6 x Vz2

Pz = 0.6 x 462 =1269.6 N/m2 = 1.27 kN/m2 ( approx.)

WIND LOAD ON INDIVIDUAL SURFACES:-

The wind load,WL acting normal to the individual surfaces is given by

WL = ( Cpe C pi ) A*Pd

Internal Pressure Coefficient

Assuming buildings with low degree of Permeability

Cpi = +0.2, -0.2

External Pressure Coefficient .

External Pressure Coefficient for walls and roofs are tabulated below.

Calculation of total wind load

For Walls :-

Exposed area of wall = 6x10 = 60 m2 , h/w = 0.166 , l/w = 2.5

Wind angle Pressure coefficient Cpe - Cpi Total wind load (KN)

Cpe Cpe Cpi (Cpe Cpi )A Pd

windward leeward windward leeward windward leeward

0 0.70 -0.25 +0.20 +0.50 -0.45 +38.1 -34.29

-0.20 +0.90 -0.05 +68.60 -3.81

90 -0.50 -0.50 +0.20 -0.70 -0.70 +53.34 -53.34

 -0.20 -0.30 -0.30 +22.86 -22.86

For Roofs:-

Exposed area of each sloping roof per frame @ 6 m c/c is

A = 180.897 m2

Wind Roof Pressure coefficient Cpe - Cpi Total wind load (KN)
angle angle
Cpe Cpe Cpi (Cpe Cpi )A Pd
(degree) (degree)
windward leeward windward leeward windward leeward

0 5.70 -0.942 -0.40 +0.20 -1.142 -0.60 -262.40 -137.85

-0.20 -0.742 -0.20 -182 -46

90 5.70 -0.80 -0.40 +0.20 -1.00 -0.60 -229.74 -137.85

-0.20 -0.60 -0.20 -137.85 -46

EATHQUAKE LOAD CALCULATIONS:

zone factor from table, Z = 0.10 (Zone-II )

I = importance factor = 2.0 ( structures category 3 as per Table 5 ,IS 1893 ( 4 ) ,Truck loading Gantry )

Response reduction factor R = 5.0 ( structure as per SP6 ( 6 ) )

T = 1 s ( assumed )

DESIGN SPECTRUM:

The design horizontal seismic coefficient Ah for a structure shall be determined by the following expression.

Ah = (Z I Sa) / (2 R g)

Where
Z = Zone factor given in table 2,(IS1893-2002) is for the maximum considered earthquake (MCE) nad
service life of structure in a zone. The factor 2 in the denominator of Z is used so as to reduce the maximum considered
earthquake (MCE) zone factor to the factor for design basis earthquake (DBE).

I = Importance factor, depending upon the functional use of the structures characterized by hazardous
consequence of its failure, post-earthquake functional needs, historical value, or economic importance (1893(4)-2005).

R = response reduction factor, depending on the perceived seismic damage performance of the structure,
characterized by the ratio (I/R) shall not be greater than 1.0(table 7 1893-2002).

Sa/g = Average response acceleration coefficient

= 1.36 (Fig. 2, IS 1893(1)-2016 for Medium Soil )

Ah = (0.10*2*1.36)/(2*2) = 0.078

Approximate Seismic Wt. of structure =

DESIGN LOAD COMBINATIONS as per IS 1893 ( 4 ) -2005

1. 1.7 ( DL + SIDL + IL )
2. 1.7 ( DL + SIDL ) + EL
3. 1.7 ( DL + SIDL ) - EL
4. 1.3 ( DL + SIDL + IL + EL )
5. 1.3 ( DL + SIDL + IL - EL )

LOAD COMBINATION as per IS 800 2007

1. 1.5 DL + 1.5 LL +1.05 CL

2. 1.2 DL +1.2 LL +1.05 CL + 0.6 WL/EL
3. 1.2 DL + 1.2 LL + 0.53 CL + 1.2 WL/EL
 4. 1.5 DL +1.5 WL/EL + 1.05 CL
5. 0.9 DL + 1.5 WL/EL

ACTUAL FRAME :-

FRAME FOR ANALYSIS:- It has been assumed that the slope of roof is very less and hence the analysis
results of simplified frame will give a conservative results.

LOAD COMBINATION:-
 1.) 1.5 DL + 1.05 CL + 1.5 WL

Critical Combination of the forces for the member has been shown below for this particular combination.

2.) 1.5 DL + 1.05 CL + 1.5 LL

Critical Combination of the forces for the member has been shown below for this particular combination.
3.) 1.2 DL + 1.2 LL + 0.53 CL + 1.2 WL

Critical Combination of the forces for the member has been shown below for this particular combination.

4.) 1.2 DL + 1.2 LL + 1.05 CL + 0.6 WL

 Critical Combination of the forces for the member has been shown below for this particular combination.

5.) 0.9 DL + 1.5 WL

Critical Combination of the forces for the member has been shown below for this particular combination

Summary of the plastic analysis:-

Design plastic moment capacity ( MP ) as per Beam Mechanism = 1257.5 kNm
( 1.5 DL + 1.5 LL + 1.05
CL )
Design plastic moment capacity ( MP ) as per Sway Mechanism =
= 642.5 kNm ( Exterior
colums)
( 1.5 DL + 1.5 WL + 1.05
CL )
=194.4 kNm (Interior
Columns)
( 1.5 DL + 1.5 LL + 1.05
CL )
Design plastic moment capacity ( MP ) as per Beam Mechanism = 1290 kNm
( 1.5 DL + 1.5 LL + 1.05
CL )
Hence ,The design Plastic Moment, MP = 1290 kNm
As the analysis has been done assuming the uniform plastic capacity for every member, the
results can be economised by assuming different value of plastic moment capacity for beams
and columns.
ZP,reqd = MP* mo / fy = (1290 * 106 * 1.1 ) / (350) = 4054285.7 mm3 = 4054.285 cm3

Section with following properties has been choosen for the members:-
Depth of member, d = 600 mm
Width of flange, bf = 300 mm
Thickness of flange, tf = 25 mm
Thickness of web, tw = 6 mm
Ixx = 1.324 x 109 mm4
Iyy = 1.125 x 108 mm4
rx = 268.9 mm
ry = 78.40 mm

Section checks:-
250
bf / tf = 150/25 = 6 < 8.4 = 7.1
350

250
d/tw = 550/6 = 91.66 > 105 = 88.74 ( Table 2, IS 800-2007 for web of compact I-section )
350
The plastic moment is assumed to be resisted by flanges and hence the following dimension has
been choosen.
ZP, provided = 2* ( 300* 25 * 275 ) = 4125 cm3 > ZP,reqd

Axial capacity of column:-

Ixx = 1.324 x 109 mm4

Iyy = 1.125 x 108 mm4
Zxx = 4.125 x 106 mm3 ( due to flanges only )
Radius of gyration, rx = 268.9 mm
Radius of gyration, ry = 78.40 mm
Self weight = 143.65 kg/m
Area of c/s = 18300 mm2
Section check has already been done and the section has been found to be compact.
Effective length, Le = 0.8 x 10 = 8 m ( As the column is fixed at one end and pinned at other)
Slenderness ratio, x = (8000/268.90) = 29.75
Slenderness ratio, y = (8000/78.40) = 102.04

( )2
Non-dimensional effective slenderness ratio, = =
= (350/2840.8)0.5 = 0.35
2

Buckling class of section as per Table 7.1 of IS 800-2007,

For a welded I section member of thickness less than 40 mm and has a more tendency to buckle
about y-y axis, belongs to bucling class of c with an imperfectio factor of 0.49.
= 0.5 ( 1 + ( 0.2) + 2 )
 = 0.5 ( 1 + 0.49 (0.35 0.2 ) + 0.352 )
= 0.598
= 1 /( 2 + ( 2 2 )0.5 ) = 1 / ( 0.5982 + ( 0.5982 0.352 )0.5 ) = 1.187 > 1,
hence the value of = 1 ,
fcd = fy / mo = 350/1.10 = 318.20 N/mm2

Factored axial load Pd in KN,

Pd = Ae fcd = 18300 * 318.20 * 10-3 = 5823.06 KN

Axial load on the column is P = 503.5 KN < Pd

P/Pd = 503.5/5823.06 = 0.086 ( < 0.15 )
Hence, there will be no reduction in the plastic moment capacity of column section.

Shear capacity :-
Vd = (fy/3) bw ( d-2tf ) = (350/3) ( 6x550) = 666.84 KN
Shear demand, V = 150.1 KN < Vd

Wind column orientation:-

Wind columns are designed to resist the lateral load due to the wind from the gable end
direction.The wind columns are analysed in a such a manner that it is assumed to resist the load
from wind but the gravity load and hence it is analysed assuming the free support condition at
the rafter level and fixed condition at the ground level and it is pinned at both end for the wind
load from other direction.

Boundary conditions for the wind column :-

Wind load from Gable end per metre run = wL = P * width of tributary area
= 1.5 * 1.27 * 20 = 38.1 kN/m

Plastic analysis :-

Plastic analysis shows that the plastic hinge forms at the distance 0.414 L from simply
supported end.
Plastic moment, MP = wl2/11.657 = 38.1 * 132 / 11.657 = 553 kNm
Reaction at the end is,
R = 205 kN
The section should have a plastic moment capacity of 553 kNm.

Plastic section modulus required, Zp,reqd = 553 * 106 * 1.1 / 250 = 1623.60 cm3
Lets use rolled section ISMB 500 with following properties:-
Depth of section, d = 500 mm
Width of flange, bf = 180 mm
Thickness of flange,tf = 17.2 mm
Thickness of web, tw = 10.2 mm
Zxx = 1.8 x 106 mm3
Ixx = 4.5 x 108 mm4
Iyy = 1.38 x 108 mm4
rxx = 202.1 mm
ryy = 35.20 mm
section is plastic .
Purlin Analysis and design :-
The purlin is used between rafter and roof sheeting and transfers the uniformly distributed roof
load to rafter in form of concentrated load .The roof sheeting is connected to purlins which is
connected to rafter directly with the help of screws or sometimes cleat is used to connect the
purlins to the rafter.
The purlins are generally analysed and design for the uniformly distributed roof load . The
purlins are assumed to be simply supported at the rafter locations for the analysis purpose.
The purlins are provided at a spacing of 2 m centre to centre and cold formed Z section has
been used for the design.
For 1.5 DL + 1.5 LL + 1.05 CL
Uniformly distributed load on purlin, WL = 1.5x 2 x ( 2 + 0.75 ) = 8.25 KN/m at an angle of
5.7.
Hence, the transverse udl loading = q cos = 8.25 * cos ( 5.7 ) = 8.21 kN/m
Maximum bending moment, Muu = 8.21 * 62/10 = 29.6 kNm
Maximum bending moment, Mvv = 0.819 * 62/ 10 = 2.95 kNm

Design by empirical Method:-

Following guidelines have to satisfy for the design of Z purlins:-
Overall depth should be greater than 100 t and not less than ( L/45)
Overall width of compression flange to thickness ratio should be less than 35.
Lip width should be grater than B/5
Sectional modulus > (WL /1400 ) cm3

W = ( 2 + 0. 75 ) * 2 * 6 = 33 kN
L = 6000 mm
Section modulus = 141.4 cm3
Lets use Z purlin of the following properties:-
Width of the compression flange, B = 125 mm
Depth of the section, d = 300 mm
Width of lip = 30 mm
Thickness of the section, t = 2.4 mm
Detailed analysis with the following dimension of purlin has been provide in the last.

Girt analysis and design:-

The girts are the member which is used on the vertical side of column line to connect the wall
sheeting . The analysis and design of girt is same as that of purlins except the critical load for
the analysis for the design will be wind loading.
The critical pressure co-efficient for the wall is 0.90 (windward side)
Pressure at the wall face = P (Cpe Cpi) =1.27 x 0.90 = 1.143 kN/m2
Wind loading on girt for analysis = 1.5 * 1.143 * 2 = 3.479 kN/m
Maximum bending moment, Muu = 3.5 * 62/10 = 12.6 kNm
Along minor axis,
Load of the wall sheeting will be transferred to girt = wt. of sheeting/m width x spacing of girt
= 1.5 * 0.2 * 2 = 0.6 kN/m
Maximum bending moment, Mvv = 0.6 * 62/ 10 = 2.16 kNm
As the demand is less , so the same section provided for the purlin can be used for the girt.
 WL KN/m

Sag rod Analysis and Design :-

Sag rods are used to provide lateral support for the purlins (to prevent sag in direction parallel
to a sloping roof due to vertical applied loads such that unsupported length of purlin does not
exceed 3.8 m.
They are designed to support the component of roof loads parallel to the roof.
Each segment between purlins is assumed to support everything below it; thus the top rod is
designed for the load on the roof area tributary to the rod, from the heel of the truss to the peak.
The tie rod between ridge purlins must resist the load from all of the sag rods on either side.
Spacing of purlin = 2 m
Length of purlin = 6 m
Udl on roof = 1.5 ( 2 + 0.75 ) = 4.125 kN/m2 ( 1.5 DL +1.5 LL +1.05 CL )
Component of gravity load parallel to the roof = 4.125 x 6 x 2 x sin ( 5.7 ) = 5 kN/m
As the sag rods are placed at mid of the purlin,
Pull on sag rod = (5/2) = 2.50 kN
Required net area = Tdn* m1 / (0.9 fu ) = 2500 * 1.1 / ( 0.9 * 410 ) = 7.45 mm2
Provide a 16 mm-diameter sag rod with a threaded area of 157 mm2 between purlins.
Total load on the tie rod at the apex = 2.5 x 15 = 37.5 kN
Required net area = Tdn* m1 / (0.9 fu ) = 37500 * 1.1 / ( 0.9 * 410 ) = 112 mm2
Provide a 16 mm-diameter sag rod with a threaded area of 157 mm2 between purlins at the
apex.

Jack beam design :-

It is also known as valley beam design or hit and miss frame design. In multi storeyed frame
frame structures, it is common practice to use jack beam to eliminate some internal column
which is required to provide some column free space.Most commonly alternaet columns are
omitted ana alternate frame are supported on jack beam which is supported on adjacent
columns of frames.
Boundary condition for the jack beam:-

The jack beam has been designed as a laterally restrained beam with support getting from
rafter.
Design Plastic moment, MP = 1510.5 kNm
ZP,reqd. = 1510.5 * 106 * 1.1 / 350 = 4747.30 cm3
Section with following properties has been choosen for the members:-
Depth of member, d = 600 mm
Width of flange, bf = 350 mm
Thickness of flange, tf = 25 mm
Thickness of web, tw = 8 mm
ZP = 5250 cm3 ( due to flange only)
Ixx = 1.53 x 109 mm4
Iyy = 1.79 x 108 mm4
A = 20800 mm2
rx = 271.20 mm
ry = 92.76 mm

Section checks:-
250
bf / tf = 175/25 = 7 < 8.4 = 7.10
350

250
d/tw = 550/8 = 68.75 < 105 = 88.7 ( Table 2, IS 800-2007 for web of compact I-section )
350

The plastic moment is assumed to be resisted by flanges and hence the following dimension has
been choosen.