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2 - Wikipedia
M.2
M.2, formerly known as the Next Generation Form
Factor (NGFF), is a specification for internally mounted
computer expansion cards and associated connectors. It
replaces the mSATA standard, which uses the PCI Express
Mini Card physical card layout and connectors. M.2's more
flexible physical specification allows different module
widths and lengths, and, paired with the availability of
more advanced interfacing features, makes the M.2 more
suitable than mSATA for solid-state storage applications in
general and particularly for the use in small devices such as
ultrabooks or tablets.[1][2][3]
In addition to supporting legacy Advanced Host Controller Interface (AHCI) at the logical interface level, M.2
specification also supports NVM Express (NVMe) as the logical device interface for M.2 PCI Express SSDs. While the
support for AHCI ensures software-level backward compatibility with legacy SATA devices and legacy operating
systems, NVM Express is designed to fully utilize the capability of high-speed PCI Express storage devices to perform
many I/O operations in parallel.[1]:14[5]
Contents
1 Features
2 Form factors and keying
3 See also
4 References
5 External links
Features
Buses exposed through the M.2 connector are PCI Express 3.0, Serial ATA (SATA) 3.0 and USB 3.0, which is
backward compatible with USB 2.0. As a result, M.2 modules can integrate multiple functions, including the following
device classes: Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, satellite navigation, near field communication (NFC), digital radio, Wireless Gigabit
Alliance (WiGig), wireless WAN (WWAN), and solid-state drives (SSDs).[6] The SATA revision 3.2 specification, in its
gold revision as of August 2013, standardizes the M.2 as a new format for storage devices and specifies its hardware
layout.[1]:12[7]
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Example codes: 2242 - 22mm wide, 42mm long, 2280 - 22mm wide, 80mm long.
An M.2 module is installed into a mating connector provided by the host's circuit board, and a single mounting screw
secures the module into place. Usually suitable screws are provided with the hardware component on which the M.2
module is mounted (circuit board, M.2 to PCI-E adapter, etc.). The screw specifications for thread, length, and head-
type can vary depending on the hardware manufacturer. Most commonly M2x3 screws with flat-head are used for this
purpose (Thread diameter 2.0mm, length 3.0mm, thread-pitch 0.4mm). Components may be mounted on either side
of the module, with the actual module type limiting how thick the components can be; the maximum allowable
thickness of components is 1.5 mm per side. Different host-side connectors are used for single- and double-sided M.2
modules, providing different amounts of space between the M.2 expansion card and the host's PCB.[3][4][11] Circuit
boards on the hosts are usually designed to accept multiple lengths of M.2 modules, which means that the sockets
capable of accepting longer M.2 modules usually also accept shorter ones by providing different positions for the
mounting screw.[13][14]
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B 1219 PCIe 2, SATA, USB 2.0 and 3.0, audio, UIM, HSIC, SSIC, I2C and SMBus
C 1623
Reserved for future use
D 2027
E 2431 PCIe 2, USB 2.0, I2C, SDIO, UART and PCM "WiFi/Bluetooth cards"
F 2835 Future Memory Interface (FMI)
G 3946 Reserved for custom use (unused in the M.2 specification)
H 4350
J 4754
Reserved for future use
K 5158
L 5562
M 5966 PCIe 4, SATA and SMBus
S2 1.35 mm N/A
S3 1.50 mm N/A
D1 1.20 mm 1.35 mm
D2 1.35 mm 1.35 mm
D3 1.50 mm 1.35 mm
D4 1.50 mm 0.70 mm
D5 1.50 mm 1.50 mm
PCB of an M.2 module provides a 75-position edge connector; depending on the type of module, certain pin positions
are removed to present one or more keying notches. Host-side M.2 connectors (sockets) may populate one or more
mating key positions, determining the type of modules accepted by the host; as of April 2014, host-side connectors are
available with only one mating key position populated (either B or M).[4][11][16] Furthermore, M.2 sockets keyed for
SATA or two PCI Express lanes (PCIe 2) are referred to as "socket 2 configuration" or "socket 2", while the sockets
keyed for four PCI Express lanes (PCIe 4) are referred to as "socket 3 configuration" or "socket 3".[1]:15[17]
For example, M.2 modules with two notches in B and M positions use up to two PCI Express lanes and provide
broader compatibility at the same time, while the M.2 modules with only one notch in the M position use up to four
PCI Express lanes; both examples may also provide SATA storage devices. Similar keying applies to M.2 modules that
utilize provided USB 3.0 connectivity.[4][16][18]
Various types of M.2 devices are denoted using the "WWLL-HH-K-K" or "WWLL-HH-K" naming schemes, in which
"WW" and "LL" specify the module width and length in millimeters, respectively. The "HH" part specifies, in an
encoded form, whether a module is single- or double-sided, and the maximum allowed thickness of mounted
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References
1. Jim Handy; Jon Tanguy; Jaren May; David Akerson; Eden Kim; Tom Coughlin (September 20, 2014). "SNIA
Webcast: All About M.2 SSDs" (http://snia.org/sites/default/files/SSSI%20M%202%20Webcast%20Slides%20v10f
nl.pdf) (PDF). SNIA. Retrieved July 15, 2015.
2. "SATA M.2 Card" (https://www.sata-io.org/sata-m2-card). SATA-IO. Retrieved September 14, 2013.
3. Mark Kyrnin. "What Is M.2? New Interface and Form Factor For Compact SSD Drives in Laptops and Desktops"
(http://compreviews.about.com/od/storage/fl/What-Is-M2.htm). compreviews.about.com. Retrieved July 15, 2015.
4. "M.2 Connector (NGFF) Introduction" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140203000954/http://www.orvem.eu/attach
ments/article/130/M%202%20introduction.pdf) (PDF). orvem.eu. ATTEND. Archived from the original (http://www.
orvem.eu/attachments/article/130/M%202%20introduction.pdf) (PDF) on February 3, 2014. Retrieved January 17,
2014.
5. Dave Landsman (August 9, 2013). "AHCI and NVMe as Interfaces for SATA Express Devices Overview" (http
s://www.sata-io.org/sites/default/files/documents/NVMe%20and%20AHCI%20as%20SATA%20Express%20Interf
ace%20Options%20-%20Whitepaper_.pdf) (PDF). SATA-IO. Retrieved July 15, 2015.
6. "SATA-IO FAQ: What is the M.2 card and what is the status of the specification?" (https://www.sata-io.org/sites/def
ault/files/images/SATA-IO%20FAQ%20-%20071813a%20%283%29.pdf#page=2) (PDF). SATA-IO. August 8,
2013. p. 2. Retrieved July 15, 2015.
7. "Serial ATA Revision 3.2 (Gold Revision)" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140327221409/http://www.knowledgete
k.com/graphicsNew/SerialATA_Revision_3_2_Gold%28with%20Links%29.pdf) (PDF). knowledgetek.com. SATA-
IO. August 7, 2013. pp. 194209. Archived from the original (http://www.knowledgetek.com/graphicsNew/SerialAT
A_Revision_3_2_Gold%28with%20Links%29.pdf#page=194) (PDF) on March 27, 2014. Retrieved July 15, 2015.
8. Paul Wassenberg (June 19, 2013). "SATA Express: PCIe Client Storage" (https://www.sata-io.org/sites/default/file
s/documents/SATA_Express-SV2013.pdf) (PDF). SATA-IO. Retrieved October 2, 2013.
9. "PCI Express M.2 Specification Revision 1.0"
(http://www.pcisig.com/specifications/pciexpress/M.2_Specification/). PCI-SIG. 2013. Retrieved December 14,
2013.
10. "M.2 Frequently Asked Questions" (http://www.kingston.com/us/ssd/s/m2_faq). Kingston Technology. Retrieved
July 15, 2015.
11. "M.2 (NGFF) Quick Reference Guide" (http://www.te.com/commerce/DocumentDelivery/DDEController?Action=sr
chrtrv&DocNm=1-1773702-1NGFFQRG-EN&DocType=DS&DocLang=EN) (PDF). Tyco Electronics. Retrieved
November 16, 2013.
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12. "Intel SSD 530 Series Arriving Next Week Feature NGFF M.2 Interface" (http://wccftech.com/intel-ssd-530-serie
s-arriving-august-2013-feature-ngff-m2-interface/). wccftech.com. Retrieved September 14, 2013.
13. "M2P4S M.2 (NGFF) PCIe base SSD to PCIe 4 Adapter" (http://www.hwtools.net/Adapter/M2P4S.html).
hwtools.net. February 14, 2014. Retrieved June 22, 2014.
14. John Burek (April 14, 2015). "2015 Guide: The Best M.2 Solid-State Drives" (http://www.computershopper.com/fe
ature/2015-guide-the-best-m.2-solid-state-drives). computershopper.com. Retrieved July 15, 2015.
15. "SMBus interface for SSD Socket 2 and Socket 3 (PCI-SIG engineering change notice)" (https://pcisig.com/sites/d
efault/files/specification_documents/4_SMBus_interface_for_SSD_Socket_2_and_Socket_3.pdf#page=5) (PDF).
PCI-SIG. August 11, 2014. p. 2. Retrieved August 5, 2015.
16. Marshall R. (April 7, 2014). "Buying an M.2 SSD? How to tell which is which?" (http://rog.asus.com/313352014/lab
els/guides/buying-an-m-2-ssd-how-to-tell-which-is-which/). Asus. Retrieved April 28, 2014.
17. Jack Zhang; Mark Liang (July 4, 2015). "NVM Express Based Solid-State Drives: Crossing the Chasm, Going
Mainstream" (https://intel.lanyonevents.com/sz15/connect/fileDownload/session/9D9F891F2BE30DC4C945F5F5
B197F307/SZ15_SSDS001_102_ENGf.pdf) (PDF). Intel. p. 39. Retrieved August 27, 2015.
18. Les Tokar (November 24, 2013). "Understanding M.2 NGFF SSD standardization (or the lack of)" (http://www.thes
sdreview.com/daily-news/latest-buzz/understanding-m-2-ngff-ssd-standardization/). thessdreview.com. Retrieved
April 28, 2014.
19. http://www.intel.com/content/dam/www/public/us/en/documents/product-briefs/dual-band-wireless-ac-8265-
brief.pdf
External links
Official Serial ATA International Organization (https://www.sata-io.org/) (SATA-IO) website
Official Peripheral Component Interconnect Special Interest Group (https://www.pcisig.com) (PCI-SIG) website
Understanding M.2, the interface that will speed up your next SSD (https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2015/02/unde
rstanding-m-2-the-interface-that-will-speed-up-your-next-ssd/), Ars Technica, February 9, 2015, by Andrew
Cunningham
Samsung XP941 M.2 PCIe SSD Review (512 GB) (http://www.thessdreview.com/our-reviews/samsung-xp941-m-
2-pcie-ssd-review-512gb/), September 22, 2013, by Les Tokar
Benchmarking Samsung NVMe SSD 960 EVO M.2 (https://www.starwindsoftware.com/blog/benchmarking-samsu
ng-nvme-ssd-960-evo-m-2/), March 27, 2017, by Taras Shved
LFCS: Preparing Linux for nonvolatile memory devices (https://lwn.net/Articles/547903/), LWN.net, April 19, 2013,
by Jonathan Corbet
PCIe SSD 101: An Overview of Standards, Markets and Performance (https://web.archive.org/web/20140202110
152/http://www.snia.org/sites/default/files/SNIASSSIPCIe101WhitePaper1.12013.pdf), SNIA, August 2013,
archived from the original on February 2, 2014
LSI SandForce SF3700 Flash Controllers (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kUSEK5JA7l0) on YouTube,
November 18, 2013
Interface card mount (https://www.google.com/patents/US20130294023) US patent 20130294023, November 7,
2013, assigned to Raphael Gay
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