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ME136P / A3
Engineering Materials, Processes and Testing
Experiment no. 1
Physical Study of Universal Testing Machine
To familiarize on the different parts and operation of the Universal Testing Machine.
Engineers have developed multiple machines that not only aid for the betterment of everyday
but also for testing materials properties. Being enrolled in an engineering focused campus of a
university it is just right that students are surrounded with machines used in the industry. with this
said, the machine that would be commonly used is the Universal Testing Machine. This machine
is able to test properties such as tensile/compressive strength, hardness, bend test and a lot more.
The diverse use of this machine is due to the 3 main parts: the loading unit, control unit and the
hydraulic unit, which are shown below. These units house individual parts that make up the entirety
of the machine. The main function of the loading unit is to be able to apply a force to the specimen
in a certain kind of way, the hydraulic unit is focused on the mechanical essence of the machine
while the control unit is the main brain of the unit.
Figure 1. Loading Unit of the UTM Figure 2. Control Unit of the UTM
Figure 3. Hydraulic Unit of the UTM
A Universal Testing Machine (UTM) is a testing machine used to test the materials
mechanical properties. It is called UTM because of the fact that this machine can perform the
standard tests needed for different materials such as polymers, metals and ceramics. The UTM
determines how the materials behave when a certain load is applied. By examining the mechanical
properties, the UTM helps us to determine the capabilities of the different materials being used in
different industries as well as our everyday lives. Materials tested will be used for design,
fabrication and construction especially in making new machines, transportation, supports, etc. The
UTM performs many tests like tensile test, compression test, bend test, etc. In tensile test, a pulling
force is applied until the material breaks. The tensile strength, elongation and stiffness of the
material are measured.
Operation of the UTM is by hydraulic transmission of load from the test specimen to a
separately housed load indicator or the control or measuring unit. The system is ideal since it
replaces transmission of load: through levers and knife edges, which are prone to wear and damage
due to shock on rupture of test pieces when they break suddenly. Load is applied by a
hydrostatically lubricated ram.
IV. LIST OF APPARATUS/MATERIALS (5 )
Hydraulic Unit
V. PROCEDURES (10 )
1. Take pictures of the three main parts of the UTM as discussed by your instructor
(loading, control and hydraulic unit).
2. Print the pictures.
3. Identify and label the parts of the loading unit
A. Loading Unit
Upper
Drive Screw Crosshead
Elevation
Motor
Lower
Crosshead Table Top
Protective
Mat
Table Cover
Table
B. Control / Measuring Unit
Load Display
Meter
Automatic
Operation
Panel
Emergency
Stop
Manual
Operation
Panel
Crosshead Switch
Front Cover
Power Switch
Pump Switch
C. Hydraulic Unit
Control/Measuring Unit
Automatic Operation Panel for automatic machine operation
Front cover covers the lower front part of the control unit
Load Display Meter displays the load applied
Load Range Selector Panel allows to select the required load for the specimen
Lower Rear Cover covers the lower rear part of the control unit
Manual Operation Panel for manual machine operation
Power control unit controls the power of the control unit
Power switch turns the control unit on and off
Upper Rear Cover covers the upper rear part of the control unit
Hydraulic Unit
Bed Universal Testing Machine base.
Bed Cover bed cover.
Drive Screw Fixing Nut secures the drive screw from the bottom
Loading cylinder houses the hydraulic cylinder and pushes up the measuring piston
Ram exerts the load
Table Roller Guide holds the drive screw in place at the bottom
3. Enumerate the uses of Universal Testing Machine.
Bend Test
Compression Testing
Creep Test
Hysteresis Test
Peel Test
Print stress-strain diagram
Puncture Test
Shear Test
Tensile Testing
Transverse
X. REFERENCES
DeWolfe, A. (2012, April 11). What is a Universal Testing Machine? Retrieved August 9, 2017,
from ADMET MAterials Testing Unit: http://www.admet.com/what-is-a-universal-
testing-machine-2/
STUDY OF UNIVERSAL TESTING MACHINE. (n.d.). Retrieved August 9, 2017, from The
Constructor: http://theconstructor.org/practical-guide/study-of-universal-tesing-
machine/2449
Universal Testing Machine. (n.d.). Retrieved August 9, 2017, from ETS Intarlaken
Technologies: http://www.ets-testingmachines.com/universal-testing-machines.html
UTM - Components, Tests and Uses. (2017, August 9). Retrieved from
http://www.aboutcivil.org/universal-testing-machine-tools-components-applications.html
PRELIMINARY DATA SHEET (20 )