Unit 8

VOCABULARY
COLLOCATIONS: DECISION

A decision Your principles A situation

Postpone or put off Follow or stick to Evaluate or assess
Reach or arrive at Go against o betray Explore or look into

GRAMMAR
PAST AND MIXED CONDITIONALS

Hypothetical past conditional (third conditional)

If + past perfect would/might/could +
If + past perfect continuous have + past participle

To talk about a hypothetical situation and result in the past. The situation cant be
changed.
If Leon had known about the problem, he would have helped.
If you hadnt overslept, we wouldnt have been late
For a longer action use the past perfect continuous
If I hadnt been sitting there, we wouldnt have met.

Mixed conditional
If + past perfect would/might/could + infinitive

To talk about a hypothetical condition in the past with a result in the present.
If she hadnt missed her plane, shed be in Mexico now.
If Id been successful in the exam, I might have a better job now.

VOCABULARY
VALUES

Generosity: being kind and willing to give

Aggression: threatening behavior
Equality: a situation where people have the same rights
Control and Power: the ability to make someone do something
Fairness and Justice: being reasonable in judgment
Greed: strong desire for more money, food or other things
GRAMMAR
-ING FORM AND INFINITIVE

Infinitive
After let someone or make someone.
Most people let their partner to have a share of the money.

After modal verbs.

Some players would to keep everything.

After had better, would rather.

My opinion is that deep down most human beings would rather to cooperate and avoid
exploiting.

Use infinitive + to
After the verbs: afford, agree, arrange, decide, expect, hope, intend, learn, manage, need,
offer, plan, pretend, promise, refuse, seem, tend, threaten, want.
We hope to star the meeting at 9.
They promised to be here early.

After these verbs with object: ask, advise, expect, help, invite, persuade, remind, require,
teach, want.
Will want me to go to the party with him.

After semi- fixed phrases: be good/lucky/happy/necessary/the first, have the

chance/opportunity/time, somewhere/something/nowhere/nothing.
She was lucky to get the job.
Theres nowhere to go and nothing to do.

To express purpose.
Im going there to see Tom.

-ing form
After prepositions (often part of a fixed phrase): look forward to, be used to, be
accustomed to, be keen on, instead of
Im not used to getting up early. Im looking forward to sleeping late this weekend.

After these verbs: avoid, come, consider, discuss, deny, enjoy, go, hate, involve, keep, like,
love, mind, miss, practice, suggest.
Dave came fishing with me.
I keep getting headaches.

After certain phrases: cant bear/stand, its not worth, its no use, have trouble.
Were having trouble finding a hotel.
VOCABULARY
BEHAVIOUR

Supportive: giving help and encouragement

Unhelpful: not wanting to help someone
Diplomatic: good at dealing with people without upsetting them
Tactful: careful not to say or do anything that could upset someone
Sensitive: able to understand what people are feeling and behave in a way that does
not upset them
Sensible: showing the ability to make good decisions and do things that will not
make problems
Confrontational: a fight or argument
Collaborative: involving two or more people working together for a special purpose
Aggressive: angry and violent towards another person
Assertive: Someone who is assertive behaves confidently and is not frightened to say
what they want or believe.
Direct: going straight from one place to another without turning or stopping
Focused: giving a lot of attention to one particular thing

FUNCTION
HANDLING AN AWKARD SITUATION

Preparing the listener

Theres something Ive been meaning to talk to you about
Id like to talk to you about

Giving the message

I hope you dont take this the wrong way, but
I dont want you to get the wrong idea, but
Its just that, (you know you borrowed/ you said youd etc)

Suggest a solution
I have a suggestion/an idea.
Id feel better if

Getting the other persons point of view

Do you see where Im coming from?
How does that sound?
How would you feel about that?
Do you know what I mean?