Durability of Concrete

Structures ASSIGNMENT-3
Discuss Various Types of Aggregates
Available in Pakistan and its
Characteristics

Submitted to:
Dr. Safeer Abbas

Submitted by:
Ali Ammar
M. Hassan Ajmal
Fahad Haseeb

Submission Date:
14th September 2017

Civil Engineering Department, FAST-NUCES Lahore Campus

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Introduction:

The preliminary requirement of aggregates is its inherent durability against artificial and natural disturbances.
Aggregates provide volume, stability, resistance to weathering and other physical properties to the structures.
Deterioration of aggregates loses the durability requirement and progressive performance of structure.
Prediction of aggregate characteristics before using in the construction activity can manifest the un-expected
happening and can prevent the post construction material problems.

Depending on the size of particles and usage the aggregates are classified into two categories:

1. Coarse Aggregates
Coarse aggregates retains on sieve #4
Particle size greater than 4.75mm.
2. Fine Aggregates
Fine aggregates pass through sieve #4
Particle size less than 4.75mm.

Fine Aggregates

Coarse Aggregates

Types of Coarse Aggregates in Pakistan:

1. Gravels
o Natural stones having smooth surface texture.
o Obtained in the rivers of the hilly areas of Pakistan
having various sizes and shapes.
2. Crushed Stone Gravels
o Obtained by the crushing of giant boulder rocks.
o These includes:
i. Margalla Crush
Light grey in color
Low strength
Fair aggregate impact value
Fineness modulus 2.876
Specific gravity 5.2
ii. Sakhi Sarwar Crush
Crushed Stone
Whitish in color
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Moderate strength
Fair aggregate impact value
Fineness modulus 2.785
Specific gravity 5.4
iii. Sargodha Crush
Greenish/Dark grey in color
High strength
Usually elongated particles
Good aggregate impact value
Fineness modulus 2.929
Specific gravity 5.4
iv. Dina Crush
3. Brick Ballast
o Obtained by the crushing of first class well burnt or
slightly over-burnt bricks.
Brick Ballast
o Used in foundations, floor concrete and roof
concrete.

Margala Crush Sakhi Sarwar Crush Sargodha Crush

Types of Fine Aggregates in Pakistan:

1. Surkhi
2. Sand
o Mainly consists of small grains of silica and its formation is due to disintegration of rocks
caused by weathering
o These include:
i. Local pit sand
Found as deposit in soil and has to be excavated out.
The grains of local pit sand are generally sharp and angular in shape
It is free from organic matter and clay particles.
Extremely good for use in mortar as well as concrete.
ii. Sea sand
Deposited near the banks of the sea.
Needs to be washed in order to remove salts before use in concrete or mortar.
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iii. River sand

River Ravi Sand
Very fine sand
Contains higher percentage of silt content
Harmful for structural concrete and mortar due to excessive silt
Fineness modulus < 1.0
Chenab Sand
Moderately fine sand
Contains some percentage of silt content
Good for mortars
Fineness modulus > 1.0
Specific gravity 2.63
Lawrancepur Sand
Coarser sand
Contains very little silt content
Good for concrete works
Fineness modulus > 2.0
Specific gravity 2.63

Ravi Sand Chenab Sand Lawrancepur Sand

Sand