• Source
Elements of Communication –sender
• Context:
–space
–time
–setting
–situation
–field of experience
–culture
Power of Nonverbal
• Nonverbal communication elements:
–Always communicates something
–Is tied to the situation
–Affects the relationship
–Makes commentary on the content
–Is continuous
–Reveals the true meaning
• Channel:
–sense that carries the message
–speaker
• Message: • ears
• eyes
–signals sent between a source and
receiver • nose
• Receiver: • hands/body
–listener or audience that gives
feedback (becomes a sender)
Noise: • Feedback:
–interference or barrier to the – the message sent back to the speaker
message:
• distraction stimuli (external)
• or thoughts and feelings
(internal)
• Nonverbal communication 5 categories Paralanguage
1. Paralanguage (vocal inflection)
–uses vocal inflection
2. Kinesics (body motion and eye –stressing some words
movements)
–using different tones of voice to
3. Proxemics (spatial distances) convey meaning
4. Haptics (touch) • Carol wants to call Dan
5. Appearance (how people look) • Carol wants to call Dan
• Carol wants to call Dan
• Carol wants to call Dan
1
 Kinesics
• Communication through body
–posture, gestures, facial
expressions
–Easy to misinterpret
• must be seen in context
–There are 6 categories of
Kinesics
6 Main Categories of Kinesics
1. Emblems
• Gestures that stand for words
• These are specific to cultures
• I.e.-thumbs up (learned)
2. Affect displays
• frowning,
• smiling,
• body tenseness, and posture,
• communicate emotional meaning;
convey emotional meaning (innate)

3. Regulators
5. Illustrators 6. Eye Movements
• control or moderate another person’s
speech • gestures that reinforce your verbal –Communicate
language • high or low interest
• nodding your head, leaning forward
raising your hand (learned) – holding your hands apart to indicate • self-consciousness
a measured distance • nervousness
4. Adaptors
– accompany and illustrate (learned) –Express
• scratching or moving the hair out of
your eye • Surprise
• gestures that satisfy a personal need • Fear
• disgust (width or narrowness of the lids)
(innate)

–Communicate power (high level of

–Define the nature of the
relationship
• positive (attentive glance)
• negative (avoidance)
–Display lack of interest
(avoidance of eye contact)
–Convey disrespect (intense
attention to someone else)
eye contact when speaking)
–Establish psychological distance
(making or breaking eye contact)
–Help others maintain privacy

2
 Proxemics
–Where we position ourselves in
relation to other people
–Spatial communication can convey
• Cultural preferences
• Relationships
Haptics Appearance
• The way you look
–Communicating nonverbally by touch • People do judge each other by appearance
• Associated with emotional intimacy • We draw conclusions about who a person
• Common among friends and family is from his or her appearance
• Clothing
• Race
• Sex
• Age