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Difficulty of writing down not only what people say but also who says it
Who expresses views within the group, such as whether certain
individuals seem to act as opinion leaders or dominate the discussion
Focus group practitioner interested in not just what people say but
how they say it- particular language they employ.
Transcribing focus group sessions is more complicated and more time
consuming than transcribing traditional interview recordings.
Number of groups could increase the complexity of your analysis.
Number of members per group (size of groups) should be less than 10.
Some say it should be 6-10.
Moderator involvement -Researcher needs to use small number of very general
questions to guide the focus group session.
Session begins with an introduction to the research, introduce moderator,
participants, introduce conventions (one person should speak), ethics, thank
groups members for participation etc.
Who can participate- anyone for whom the topic is relevant can logically be an
appropriate participant.
Exclude people who know each other? Or include them
Researcher driven recruitment, key informant recruitment or spontaneous
recruitment
Asking questions-who has heart attacks and why? What causes and prevents
heart attacks (examples for general questions)
Show a film and ask general and specific questions
What do you want from a job?
What is important when you look for a job?
Do you think it is important to support your self?
How do you expect to do that? (job/state/spouse)
Do you think it is different for women and men of your age?
Do you expect to be in paid employment in five years time/ten years
time?
Limitations
The researcher has less control over proceedings than with the
individual interview.
The data are difficult to analyze.
Difficult to organize.
Recordings are more time consuming to transcribe than in equivalent
interviews.
Differences between structured interview and the qualitative
interview
The approach tends to be less structured in qualitative research
In qualitative interviewing, there is much greater interest in the
interviewees point of view
Qualitative interview is flexible
In qualitative interviewing, the researcher wants rich, detailed
answers
In qualitative interviewing, the interviewee may be interviewed on
more than one and sometimes even several occasions
Unstructured interview avoids interview schedules conducts
interviews very much in conversational in style. Normally tape
record all interviews.
Preparing interview guide
A life history interview invites the subject to look back in detail across
his/her entire life course. It has been depicted as documenting the
inner experience of individuals, how they interpret, understand and
define the world around them. This is a unstructured interview that
cover the totality of individuals life.
Case Study Design
What is a case?
Case associates with the case study of location, such as community
or an organization
Case study researchers tend to argue that they aim to generate an
intensive examination of a single case in relation to which they then
engage in a theoretical analysis.