Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
João
Azevedo
Applications to Buildings and Bridges
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SEISMIC DESIGN AND REHABILITATION OF BUILDINGS
Tbilisi – 29 & 30 May 2014
Structural Eurocodes
Eurocode 8
Design of structures for earthquake resistance
João
Azevedo
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SEISMIC DESIGN AND REHABILITATION OF BUILDINGS
Tbilisi – 29 & 30 May 2014
General
Design of buildings
João
Azevedo
L’Áquila Earthquake - 2009
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SEISMIC DESIGN AND REHABILITATION OF BUILDINGS
Tbilisi – 29 & 30 May 2014
Damage is limited
João
Azevedo
L’Áquila Earthquake - 2009
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SEISMIC DESIGN AND REHABILITATION OF BUILDINGS
Tbilisi – 29 & 30 May 2014
Damage is limited
João
Azevedo
Bhaderwah Earthquake - 2013
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SEISMIC DESIGN AND REHABILITATION OF BUILDINGS
Tbilisi – 29 & 30 May 2014
• Structures shall not have permanent deformations and their elements shall
retain their original strength and stiffness with no need for repair.
João
Azevedo
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SEISMIC DESIGN AND REHABILITATION OF BUILDINGS
Tbilisi – 29 & 30 May 2014
The value of the importance factor gI that multiplies the reference seismic action to
achieve a similar probability of exceedance in TL years as in the TLR years for which
the reference seismic action is defined, may be determined as:
João
Azevedo
E. Cansado Carvalho
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SEISMIC DESIGN AND REHABILITATION OF BUILDINGS
Tbilisi – 29 & 30 May 2014
The capacity to resist and dissipate energy are related to the exploitation of the
non-linear response.
The balance between resistance and capacity for energy dissipation can be
controlled by the values of the behaviour factor q, which is chosen by the
designer, based on the ductility classes.
For dissipative structures, values of the behaviour factor larger than 1.5 can be
assumed, considering the existence of hysteretic energy dissipation, which
occurs mainly in specific dissipative or critical zones.
João
Azevedo
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SEISMIC DESIGN AND REHABILITATION OF BUILDINGS
Tbilisi – 29 & 30 May 2014
Design verifications
European Council of Civil
Engineers
João
Azevedo
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SEISMIC DESIGN AND REHABILITATION OF BUILDINGS
Tbilisi – 29 & 30 May 2014
Design verifications
European Council of Civil
Engineers
João
Azevedo
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SEISMIC DESIGN AND REHABILITATION OF BUILDINGS
Tbilisi – 29 & 30 May 2014
Design verifications
European Council of Civil
Engineers
João
Azevedo
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SEISMIC DESIGN AND REHABILITATION OF BUILDINGS
Tbilisi – 29 & 30 May 2014
Specific measures
European Council of Civil
Engineers
(NP EN1998-1)
• Seismic zones
João
Azevedo
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SEISMIC DESIGN AND REHABILITATION OF BUILDINGS
Tbilisi – 29 & 30 May 2014
http://drm.cenn.org/Hazard_assessment_files/eng
/Seismic_hazard_assessment_of_Georgia.pdf
T. Chelidze et al.
João
Azevedo
http://www.koeri.boun.edu.tr/depremmuh/eski/nato/project/pdf/progress1_983038.pdf
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SEISMIC DESIGN AND REHABILITATION OF BUILDINGS
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Ground conditions
European Council of Civil
Engineers
A - Rock
B - Very dense sand or gravel or very stiff clay
C - Dense sand or gravel or stiff clay
D - Loose to medium cohesionless soil or soft to firm cohesive soil
E - Surface alluvium layer C or D, 5 to 20m thick, over a much stiffer material
Se / ag
Normalized elastic response spectra
European Council of Civil
Engineers
2.5 S h
T T T
B C D
T (s)
João Control variables
Azevedo S, TB, TC, TD (Constant velocity, acceleration and displacement spectral zones)
h (≥ 0,55) damping correction for ξ ≠ 5 %
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SEISMIC DESIGN AND REHABILITATION OF BUILDINGS
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Se / ag . S
Recommended elastic response spectra
European Council of Civil
4
Engineers
E
D
C
3
B
A
0
0 1 2 3 4
Se / ag . S
Recommended elastic response spectra
European Council of Civil
Engineers
5
D
E C
4
3 B
A
2
0
0 1 2 3 4
João
Azevedo
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SEISMIC DESIGN AND REHABILITATION OF BUILDINGS
Tbilisi – 29 & 30 May 2014
• Artificial accelerograms
At least 3 sets of accelerograms
Match the elastic response spectrum for 5% damping
Duration compatible with Magnitude (Ts ≥ 10 s)
João
Azevedo
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SEISMIC DESIGN AND REHABILITATION OF BUILDINGS
Tbilisi – 29 & 30 May 2014
Passive Systems:
Base Isolation
João
Azevedo
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SEISMIC DESIGN AND REHABILITATION OF BUILDINGS
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T=0.2s
(m/s2)
3.0
T=0.6s
5%
2.5
)a
1
S e (m/s S
2
10%
Acceleration
2.0 A T=1.0s
15%
0
1.5
Aceleração
20%
1.0 T=2.0s
0.5 T=3.0s
João 0.0
Azevedo 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08
Deslocam ento Sde Displacement
(m ) Sd (m)
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SEISMIC DESIGN AND REHABILITATION OF BUILDINGS
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B – Base Isolation
T=0.2s
(m/s2)
3.0
T=0.6s
5%
2.5
S e (m/s S
2
)a
10%
Acceleration
2.0 T=1.0s
15%
0
1.5
Aceleração
20% B
1.0 2 T=2.0s
0.5 T=3.0s
João 0.0
Azevedo 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08
Deslocam ento Sde Displacement
(m ) Sd (m)
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SEISMIC DESIGN AND REHABILITATION OF BUILDINGS
Tbilisi – 29 & 30 May 2014
C – Energy dissipation
T=0.2s
(m/s2)
3.0
T=0.6s
5%
2.5
S e (m/s S
2
)a
10%
Acceleration
2.0 T=1.0s
15%
0
1.5 C
Aceleração
20%
1.0 3 T=2.0s
0.5 T=3.0s
João 0.0
Azevedo 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08
Deslocam ento Sde Displacement
(m ) Sd (m)
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SEISMIC DESIGN AND REHABILITATION OF BUILDINGS
Tbilisi – 29 & 30 May 2014
3.0
T=0.6s
5%
2.5
)a
1
S e (m/s S
2
10%
Acceleration
2.0 A T=1.0s
15%
0
1.5 C
Aceleração
20% B
1.0 3 2 T=2.0s
0.5 T=3.0s
João 0.0
Azevedo 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08
Deslocam ento Sde Displacement
(m ) Sd (m)
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SEISMIC DESIGN AND REHABILITATION OF BUILDINGS
Tbilisi – 29 & 30 May 2014
João
Azevedo
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SEISMIC DESIGN AND REHABILITATION OF BUILDINGS
Tbilisi – 29 & 30 May 2014
Structure
Deformable layer
Soil
João
The immediate consequence of the interposition of a deformable layer
Azevedo
is the reduction in the natural frequency of vibration.
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SEISMIC DESIGN AND REHABILITATION OF BUILDINGS
Tbilisi – 29 & 30 May 2014
Deformable
surface
João
Azevedo
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SEISMIC DESIGN AND REHABILITATION OF BUILDINGS
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4.00
5%
3.00
2.00
1.00
10%
0.00
0 1 2 3 4 5 F (Hz)
0.00
Displacement (m)
0.02
0.04 10%
0.06
0.08
0.10
João 0.12 5%
Azevedo
0.14
Response spectrum
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SEISMIC DESIGN AND REHABILITATION OF BUILDINGS
Tbilisi – 29 & 30 May 2014
Structures with
base isolation
Seismic action
Fixed base
structures
João
0 1 2 3
3 4
4 55
Azevedo Frequência (Hz) Frequency (Hz)
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SEISMIC DESIGN AND REHABILITATION OF BUILDINGS
Tbilisi – 29 & 30 May 2014
• Support capacity
• Low horizontal stiffness
• Energy dissipation capacity (z > 5%)
• Recentering capacity
João
Azevedo
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SEISMIC DESIGN AND REHABILITATION OF BUILDINGS
Tbilisi – 29 & 30 May 2014
João
Azevedo
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SEISMIC DESIGN AND REHABILITATION OF BUILDINGS
Tbilisi – 29 & 30 May 2014
Through the use of appropriate additives the damping properties of the rubber
mixture are optimized.
This way are achieved damping ratios between 10% and 20 %.
João
Azevedo
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SEISMIC DESIGN AND REHABILITATION OF BUILDINGS
Tbilisi – 29 & 30 May 2014
João
Azevedo
Deformation
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SEISMIC DESIGN AND REHABILITATION OF BUILDINGS
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Support Block of rubber to which is added a cylindrical lead core. The support
block has a bi-linear behaviour achieving high damping values through the
yielding of the lead core.
João
Azevedo
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SEISMIC DESIGN AND REHABILITATION OF BUILDINGS
Tbilisi – 29 & 30 May 2014
João
Azevedo
Deformation (mm)
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SEISMIC DESIGN AND REHABILITATION OF BUILDINGS
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System composed of two overlapping steel elements. One of the elements has
in its interior a concave surface. On this surface slides the other part containing
a steel tip with an hinged end and coated with a low friction composite material
Pendulum movement
João
Azevedo
Movement of the FPS
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SEISMIC DESIGN AND REHABILITATION OF BUILDINGS
Tbilisi – 29 & 30 May 2014
Pendulum movement
João
Displacement Movement of the SPS
Azevedo
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SEISMIC DESIGN AND REHABILITATION OF BUILDINGS
Tbilisi – 29 & 30 May 2014
João
Azevedo
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SEISMIC DESIGN AND REHABILITATION OF BUILDINGS
Tbilisi – 29 & 30 May 2014
João
Azevedo
Source: GLIS
www.assisi-antiseismicsystems.org/Territorial/GLIS/Glisnews/glisnews.htm
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SEISMIC DESIGN AND REHABILITATION OF BUILDINGS
Tbilisi – 29 & 30 May 2014
João
Azevedo
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SEISMIC DESIGN AND REHABILITATION OF BUILDINGS
Tbilisi – 29 & 30 May 2014
João
Azevedo
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SEISMIC DESIGN AND REHABILITATION OF BUILDINGS
Tbilisi – 29 & 30 May 2014
João
Azevedo
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SEISMIC DESIGN AND REHABILITATION OF BUILDINGS
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1 2
João
Azevedo
3 4
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SEISMIC DESIGN AND REHABILITATION OF BUILDINGS
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5 6
João
Azevedo
7 8
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SEISMIC DESIGN AND REHABILITATION OF BUILDINGS
Tbilisi – 29 & 30 May 2014
João
Azevedo
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SEISMIC DESIGN AND REHABILITATION OF BUILDINGS
Tbilisi – 29 & 30 May 2014
Europe:
Eurocode 8 – (Chapter 10)
Eurocode 8 – Part 2, Bridges (Chapter 7)
Italian Norm
United States:
Uniform Building Code (UBC) – International Conference of Building
Officials
João Guide Specifications for Seismic Isolation Design – AASHTO
Azevedo
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SEISMIC DESIGN AND REHABILITATION OF BUILDINGS
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Energy dissipaters
European Council of Civil
Engineers
Viscous Dampers
European Council of Civil
Engineers
These Dampers are similar to dampers from
automobiles and motorbikes.
Its operation is the imposition of a movement,
which forces the passage of a piston through a
fluid (possibly oil).
João
Azevedo
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SEISMIC DESIGN AND REHABILITATION OF BUILDINGS
Tbilisi – 29 & 30 May 2014
Hysteretic Dampers
European Council of Civil
Engineers
These dampers take advantage of the post yielding behaviour of the
metallic materials (hysteretic behaviour)
João
Azevedo
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SEISMIC DESIGN AND REHABILITATION OF BUILDINGS
Tbilisi – 29 & 30 May 2014
Viscous-elastic Dampers
European Council of Civil
Engineers
The viscous-elastic dampers use polymers characterized by dissipating
energy by means of displacement (elastic) and velocity.
They normally look like small rectangular plates deforming by shear.
João
Azevedo
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SEISMIC DESIGN AND REHABILITATION OF BUILDINGS
Tbilisi – 29 & 30 May 2014
Hysteretic dampers
European Council of Civil
Engineers The hysteretic dampers take advantage of the capacity of plastic
deformation of the metallic elements, usually of steel. In these systems,
the strength depends on the deformation imposed on the damper, and the
control parameters are the initial stiffness (K1), the post-yielding stiffness
(K2) and the yielding force level (Fy).
F
F
Fy K2
K1 D
D
João
Azevedo
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SEISMIC DESIGN AND REHABILITATION OF BUILDINGS
Tbilisi – 29 & 30 May 2014
Viscous dampers
European Council of Civil
Engineers
In systems with viscous energy dissipation, the force value depends on the
relative velocity between its extremities. The type of force-velocity
relationship that each type of damper features depends mainly on the
characteristics of the used fluid, and can be determined by means of the
following general expression:
F = C |v|a signal(v)
C, a – Damper parameters;
v - velocity
F F F
João
Azevedo a = 0.10 a = 1.00 a = 1.80
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SEISMIC DESIGN AND REHABILITATION OF BUILDINGS
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Hysteretic dampers
European Council of Civil
a = 0.10 F The force increases sharply for low velocity
Engineers
values;
vel The force is limited to a maximum value;
The device is “fixed” up to reaching a maximum
force limit.
a = 1.00 F
The force increases linearly with the velocity;
Linear viscous damper;
vel
Direct application of the damping coefficient
concept (z).
Damping
European Council of Civil
Engineers
The damping that a particular damper introduces in the structure is
measured by its ability to dissipate energy in each cycle. This dissipation
can be by hysteresis (hysteretic dampers) or by viscous behaviour (viscous
dampers)
The dissipated energy in each cycle can be assessed by calculating the
area inside the cycle measured by the line that relates the force on the
damper with its deformation.
João
Azevedo Force – deformation relationship of the dissipater
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SEISMIC DESIGN AND REHABILITATION OF BUILDINGS
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Damping
European Council of Civil
Engineers
Área
Area do cycle
of the Ciclo
z z =
= 2 2 F Fmaxd dmax
max max
João
Azevedo
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SEISMIC DESIGN AND REHABILITATION OF BUILDINGS
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Damping
European Council of Civil
Engineers
Relation kK2/k
Relação 2/K11
K2k/K
2/k11 =
= 1%
1% Kk2/K
2/k11 =
= 5%
5% Kk22/K = 10%
/k11 = 10% Kk22/K
/k11 =
= 50%
50%
Force Força-Deformação
Relação - displacement
João Amortecimento
Damping
Azevedo
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SEISMIC DESIGN AND REHABILITATION OF BUILDINGS
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Damping
European Council of Civil
Engineers
Valuesdeofaa
Valores
Force
Relação - velocity
Força-Velocidade
Relação
Force Força-Deformação
- displacement
João Amortecimento
Damping
Azevedo
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SEISMIC DESIGN AND REHABILITATION OF BUILDINGS
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Damping
European Council of Civil
Engineers
In viscous dampers, the parameter C does not alter the form of the cycle
force-deformation, but increases the internal area of the cycle. The increase
in the value of C leads to a greater ability to dissipation of energy but, on the
other hand, increases the force on the dissipater.
a = 0.10 a = 1.80
C values
Valores de C C values
Valores de C
Damping
Amortecimento Damping
Amortecimento
João ForcenoinDissipador
Força the Force
Força noinDissipador
the
Azevedo dissipater dissipater
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SEISMIC DESIGN AND REHABILITATION OF BUILDINGS
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Methods of analysis
European Council of Civil
Engineers
This way, the only possible way to correctly analyse the response of
structures with such dampers is through the use of nonlinear dynamic
analysis programs.
João
Azevedo
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SEISMIC DESIGN AND REHABILITATION OF BUILDINGS
Tbilisi – 29 & 30 May 2014
Methods of analysis
European Council of Civil
Engineers
Available Programs have a set of elements that allow simulating the
various types of dampers. In the case of SAP2000 these elements are
designated by NLLink
Viscoso
Histerético
João
Azevedo
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SEISMIC DESIGN AND REHABILITATION OF BUILDINGS
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Methods of analysis
European Council of Civil
Engineers
“Damper”
F = k d = C |v|a sinal(v)
k
C
a
João
Azevedo
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SEISMIC DESIGN AND REHABILITATION OF BUILDINGS
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Methods of analysis
European Council of Civil
Engineers F
Fy k2
k1
D
k1
Fy
k1/k2
João
Azevedo
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SEISMIC DESIGN AND REHABILITATION OF BUILDINGS
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Dampers Solutions
European Council of Civil
Engineers
Hysteretic dampers PND & PNUD
João
Azevedo
(ALGA catalogue)
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SEISMIC DESIGN AND REHABILITATION OF BUILDINGS
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Dampers Solutions
European Council of Civil
Engineers
PND Algasism Dampers PNUD
Steel hysteretic damper Steel hysteretic damper
Free for slow movements
João
Azevedo
(ALGA catalogue)
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SEISMIC DESIGN AND REHABILITATION OF BUILDINGS
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Dampers Solutions
European Council of Civil
Engineers Algasism DECS
João
Azevedo
Dampers Solutions
European Council of Civil
Engineers Algasism DECS Behaviour models
João
Azevedo
(ALGA catalogue)
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SEISMIC DESIGN AND REHABILITATION OF BUILDINGS
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Dampers Solutions
Nonlinear Viscous Dissipater
European Council of Civil
Engineers
João
Azevedo
Dampers Solutions
Nonlinear Viscous Damper
European Council of Civil
Engineers
Dampers Solutions
Nonlinear Viscous Damper
European Council of Civil
Engineers
Force-Velocity relationship
João
Azevedo
Dampers Solutions
Nonlinear Viscous Damper
European Council of Civil
Engineers
F = F0 + kx + Cva
João
Azevedo
(www.jarret.fr)
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SEISMIC DESIGN AND REHABILITATION OF BUILDINGS
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Dampers and
energy dissipation devices
Applications to bridges
João
Azevedo
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SEISMIC DESIGN AND REHABILITATION OF BUILDINGS
Tbilisi – 29 & 30 May 2014
João
Azevedo Deck enlargement
Seismic Reinforcement (A2P)
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SEISMIC DESIGN AND REHABILITATION OF BUILDINGS
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“Rio Trancão - A1” viaduct
João
Azevedo Seismic Reinforcement (A2P)
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SEISMIC DESIGN AND REHABILITATION OF BUILDINGS
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“Rio Trancão - A1” viaduct
João
Azevedo Seismic Reinforcement (A2P)
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SEISMIC DESIGN AND REHABILITATION OF BUILDINGS
Tbilisi – 29 & 30 May 2014
“Rio Trancão - A1” viaduct
João
Azevedo Seismic Reinforcement (A2P)
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SEISMIC DESIGN AND REHABILITATION OF BUILDINGS
Tbilisi – 29 & 30 May 2014
“Alhandra - A1” viaduct
João
Azevedo Seismic Reinforcement (A2P)
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SEISMIC DESIGN AND REHABILITATION OF BUILDINGS
Tbilisi – 29 & 30 May 2014
“Alhandra - A1” viaduct
João
Azevedo Seismic Reinforcement (A2P)
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SEISMIC DESIGN AND REHABILITATION OF BUILDINGS
Tbilisi – 29 & 30 May 2014
“Alhandra - A1” viaduct
João
Azevedo Seismic Reinforcement (A2P)
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SEISMIC DESIGN AND REHABILITATION OF BUILDINGS
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“Arcos Bridge – Sado River”
João
Azevedo Seismic Reinforcement (A2P)
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SEISMIC DESIGN AND REHABILITATION OF BUILDINGS
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“Arcos Bridge – Sado River”
A'
João
Azevedo Seismic Reinforcement (A2P)
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SEISMIC DESIGN AND REHABILITATION OF BUILDINGS
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Bridge applications of seismic protection systems
Vasco da Gama
João
Bridge
Hysteretic
Azevedo
Lisbon dampers
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SEISMIC DESIGN AND REHABILITATION OF BUILDINGS
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Bridge applications of seismic protection systems
Santarém
João
Azevedo
HDRB
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SEISMIC DESIGN AND REHABILITATION OF BUILDINGS
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Bridge applications of seismic protection systems
Loureiro Viaduct
João
Azevedo Viscous
Damper
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SEISMIC DESIGN AND REHABILITATION OF BUILDINGS
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Bridge applications of seismic protection systems
Shock
absorbers
“Real” Viaduct
João
Azevedo
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SEISMIC DESIGN AND REHABILITATION OF BUILDINGS
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Bridge applications of seismic protection systems
Viaduct over
Ribeira da Laje and
Rio Grande da Pipa
João Viscous
Azevedo
Damper
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SEISMIC DESIGN AND REHABILITATION OF BUILDINGS
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Bridge applications of seismic protection systems
João
Azevedo
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SEISMIC DESIGN AND REHABILITATION OF BUILDINGS
Tbilisi – 29 & 30 May 2014
Bridge applications of seismic protection systems
João
Azevedo
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SEISMIC DESIGN AND REHABILITATION OF BUILDINGS
Tbilisi – 29 & 30 May 2014
The EUROCODE 8
European Council of Civil
Engineers