Contents

1 How do engineers work? 7

1.1 Technical drawings and parts lists 8
1.2 Circuit diagrams 11
1.3 Flow charts and programs 12
1.4 Technical plans and schematic diagrams 13
1.5 Calculations and simulation 14

2 Automation technology as a part of engineering sciences 15

2.1 Key development milestones in the history of automation technology 15
2.2 Effects of automation on people 17

3 Fundamentals of electrical engineering 19

3.1 Direct current and alternating current 19
3.2 Electrical resistance and electrical power 20
3.2.1 Electrical conductor 20
3.2.2 Electrical resistance 20
3.2.3 Ohm's law 21
3.2.4 Electrical power 21
3.3 How a solenoid works 22
3.3.1 Structure of a solenoid 23
3.3.2 Applications of solenoids 23
3.4 How an electrical capacitor works 24
3.5 How a diode works 25
3.6 How switches work and their structure 26
3.6.1 Normally open contacts 26
3.6.2 Normally closed contacts 27
3.6.3 Changeover switches 27
3.7 Relays and contactors 28
3.7.1 Applications of relays 28
3.7.2 Structure of a relay 29
3.7.3 Time relays 30
3.8 Function and structure of the power supply unit 32
3.9 Measurements in an electrical circuit 33
3.9.1 Procedure for measurements in an electrical circuit 34

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