Project 0

Name of Bridge: 0
Designer

Date: ###
SUBSTRUCTURE DESIGN - 10m Clear Span

1. General Data
Grade Elevation = 1011.20 m
Foundation Level Elevation = 1007.30 m
Slab Thickness = 0.38 m
Unit weight of Concrete, gc = 24.00 KN/m
Unit weight of Masonry, gmasonry = 27.00 KN/m
Unit weight of Backfill , gbackfill = 19.00 KN/m
Allowable Bearing Capacity of foundation q_all = 250.00 KN/m
Span of Bridge = 6.40 m
Total Span of bridge from end of abutments = 6.80 m
Clear Roadway Width = 4.50 m
Number of Posts 10
Curb Width = 0.40 m
Rear Wheel Load = 72.00 KN
Number of Lanes = 2
2. Loads from Superstructure

I. Dead Load
Slab 279.07 KN
Wearing Surface 33.66 KN
Curb 82.25 KN
Railing 24.48 KN
Posts 15.30 KN
Fill over Culverts = 0.00 KN
Total = 434.76 KN
Dead Load Per Abutment = 217.38 KN

II. Live Load

The Position of Loads for maximum reaction at supports is as follows:

I. For Spans from 5m to 8.5m

4.267m X
P P

B
A

Effective Span L

II. For Spans >8.6m

4.267m 4.267m X

P P P/4

A
B

Effective Span L

This bridge is of case I

X= 2.133 m
Reaction force at Support A = RA = 560.62 KN (Including Impact and other Effects)
 III. Dead Load of Fill Over Culvert

Height of Fill = 0.00 m

Width of Fill = 0.00 m

Dead Load of Fill = 0.00 KN

Dead Load of Fill Per Abutment = 0.00 KN

IV. Load on Abutment

Total Superstructure Force = 778.00 KN

Load Per Linear meter = 146.79 KN/m

3. Abutment Cross-Section

W7
W9

W5
W6
H1

P1 W1
W2
P2 W4
H2

W3
P3
300

W8 300
300 X2 400 X1

Height of Masonry, H1 = 3.00 m

Height of Abutment, H = 3.30 m
Height of Soil infront of wall, H2 = 1.30 m
Size of X2 = 1.50 m
Size of X1 = 0.38 m
Width of Footing = 2.88 m

4. Lateral Earth Pressure

backfill = 30 = 0.5236 Radians

base soil = 27 0.4712 Radians
1 Sin 0.333
K a= =
1+ Sin
1+ Sin 2.663
K P= =
1 Sin

M_P1 = 24.36 KNm

P1= 14.76 KN

M_P2 = 37.93 KNm

P2 = 34.49 KN

M_P3 = 18.53 KNm

P3 = 42.75 KN

M_Desturbing = 62.29 KNm

 Total Sliding Force = P1+P2 = 49.25 KN

5. Moment About Toe

Part Weight (KN/m) Moment Arm Moment (KNm)

1 32.40 0.88 28.35
2 60.75 1.58 95.68
3 15.19 0.55 8.35
4 7.41 0.15 1.11
5 42.75 2.08 88.71
6 17.10 2.73 46.60
7 24.16 1.98 47.71
8 20.70 1.44 29.76
9 146.79 0.88 128.44
TOTAL 367.25 474.71

6. Safety Against Overturning

Stabilizing Moment 7.62 >2 ok!!

F . S .= =
Destabilizing Moment
7. Safety Against Sliding

Resisting Force
F.S.= = 2.42 >1.5 ok!!
Sliding Force
8. Safety Against Bearing Capacity Failure

M StabilizingM Destabilizing
X= = 1.17 m
V
e = (B/2) - X = 0.264 m e<B/6 with in kern Ok!!

q=
V ( 1 6 e )
B B

q max=
V ( 1+ 6 e )= 198.13 KPa qmax<qall Ok!!
B B

q min=
V (1 6 e )= 57.35 Kpa
B B
Project
Name of Bridge:
Designer

Date:
SUPERSTRUCTURE DESIGN -

1. General Data
Number of Spans = 1
Number of Piers = 0
Bridge Clear Span Lc = 6.00 m
Roadway width w = 4.50 m
Sidewalk + Post on both ends = Sw 0.40 m

Loading Specification: AASHTO HS20 - 44

Design Standard AASHTO 1996

Concrete Class A fc' = fck = 2906.13 Psi 20.00 Mpa

Akaki Steel (300Mpa) fyk = 43591.89 Psi 300.00 Mpa
Grade 40 Rebars fyk = 40,000 Psi 400.00 Mpa

Concrete Modulus of Elasticity Ec = 23.20 Gpa

Steel Modulus of Elasticity Es = 200.00 Gpa
Modular ratio, n = 9.00
Unit weight of Concrete, gc = 24.00 KN/m

1.1 Determination of Section for Superstructure

Top Width of Abutment = 0.40 m
Take D = 0.38 m
Effective Span L = 6.40 m
Total Super structure width = w+2*Sw = 5.30 m

Assume:
Slab width b_s = 1.00 m
Slab thickness Df = 0.38 m

1.2 Design of the Slab

C/C of Supports (Abutments) = 6.40 m
Clear Span + Depth of Slab = 6.38 m
Effective Span (Min. of the two), S= 6.38 m

Loads on the Slab

Dead Load
Slab = gC*Df = 9.12 KN/m
Wearing Surface = 1.10 KN/m
Total = 10.22 KN/m

Total w_DL = 10.22 KN/m

Dead load moments at d/t points

X/L X M_DL
0.00 0 0.00
0.10 0.638 18.72
0.20 1.276 33.28
0.30 1.914 43.68
0.40 2.552 49.92
0.39 2.479 49.42
0.50 3.19 52.00

Live Load
Equivalent width
L1 6.38
W1 5.30
W 4.50
NL 1.00
E1(One Lane) 2692.29
E2(Two Lane) 2797.80
 E 2.80

Design Truck 145

Distribution of Live Load 51.8264781
Design Tandem 110
Distribution of Live Load 39.3166385
Lane Load 9.3
Distribution of Lane Load 3.32404308
Impact Factor, I = (50/(S+125)) S is in feet
Impact Factor, I = 0.34

Use I = 0.34
Possible Location of Maximum Moment = (L/2-0.711)/L 0.3886 L
Longitudinal Wheel Spacing = 4.267 m
Influence Lines for Live Load

Moment Influence Line for Design Truck

Truck Moving to the Right Truck Moving to the Left
Moment Coefficients to be multiplied by the Design Wheel Load
 X/L P P P/4 Total P P P/4 Total
0.00 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
0.10 0.5760 0.1493 0.0000 0.7253 0.5760 0.1493 0.0000 0.7253
0.20 1.0240 0.1706 0.0000 1.1946 1.0240 0.1706 0.0000 1.1946
0.30 1.3440 0.0639 0.0000 1.4079 1.3440 0.0639 0.0000 1.4079
0.40 1.5360 0.0000 0.0000 1.5360 1.5360 0.0000 0.0000 1.5360
0.3886 1.5205 0.0000 0.0000 1.5205 1.5205 0.0000 0.0000 1.5205
0.50 1.6000 0.0000 0.0000 1.6000 1.6000 0.0000 0.0000 1.6000

Design Truck Moment

Truck Moving to thr Right Truck Moving to the Left
X/L M M M Max
0 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.1 50.47 50.47 50.47
0.2 83.12 83.12 83.12
0.3 97.97 97.97 97.97
0.4000 106.88 106.88 106.88
0.3886 105.80 105.80 105.80
0.5 111.33 111.33 111.33
Design Tandom Moment
X/L M
0 0.00
0.1 54.29
0.2 95.10
0.3 122.45
0.4 136.32
0.3886 135.41
0.5 136.72
Design Lane Moments
X/L X M
0 0 0
0.1 0.638 6.08864305
0.2 1.276 10.8242543
0.3 1.914 14.2068338
0.4 2.552 16.2363815
0.3886 2.479 16.0727106
0.5 3.19 16.9128974
Maximum Design Live Load Moments
X/L Truck + Lane Tandem + Lane M Max
0 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.1 56.56 60.38 60.38
0.2 93.95 105.93 105.93
0.3 112.17 136.65 136.65
0.4 123.12 152.55 152.55
0.3886 121.88 151.49 151.49
0.5 128.25 153.63 153.63
Total Service Dead + Live Load Moments
X/L Md service
0 0.00
0.1 79.10
0.2 139.21
0.3 180.33
0.4 202.47
0.3886 200.90
0.5 205.63
Total Factored Dead + Live Load Moments
X/L Md Factored
0 0.00
0.1 129.06
0.2 226.97
0.3 293.74
0.4 329.37
0.3886 326.87
0.5 333.86
For Load Factor Design
Mu =1.25 M_DL +1.75 M_LL+I = 333.86 KNm/m

Balanced Steel Ratio = 0 . 003 fc 0.0216

b =
fy fy
+0 . 003
ES
Using only r= 0.75rb = 0.0162

Depth Required, dreq = d Mu
req = = 266.04 mm
fy
(
fy b 1 0. 59
fc )

Mu
d req= =
fy
(
fy b 1 0. 59
fc )
Cover = 25.00 mm
Use Rebars of diameter = 24 mm
davailable = 343.00 mm OK

Main Reinforcement
MU
Area of Reinforcement Required As = A S=
f y ( d( a / 2))
Assume a = 71.00 mm
As = 3015.87 mm
Check a : AS f y
a=
0. 85 f 'C b
a= 70.96 mm ok!!!

As_req = 3015.87 mm
Area of One bar , as = 452.39 mm

Spacing, S = 1000 aS 150.00 mm

S=
AS
Use diameter 24 mm bars c/c 150.00 mm Bottom
As_actual = 3015.93 mm

100
Distribution Steel, As_dist = A S dist = 50 659.20 mm
S
Spacing of Diameter 16 mm bars = 305.01 mm
Use diameter 16 mm bars c/c 300.00 mm Bottom

Temperature and Shrinkage Reinforcement

As per AASHTO Art. 8-20,

Provide (1/8)inch/ft for temperature and shrinkage reinforcement

As_temp = 0.125 in/ft

As_temp = 264.58 mm/m
Use diameter 12 mm bars
as = 113.10 mm
Spacing of Diameter 12 mm bars = 427.45 mm
Use Diameter 12 mm bars c/c 420.00

1.3 Design of the Curb Reinforcement

For the curb reinforcement, extend the slab reinforcement in to the curb for flexural resistance.

For Shear reinforcement, normally minimum reinforcement suffices.

For Spans up to 7m Use 12mm Bars C/C 300mm

For Spans greater than 8m Use 16mm Bars C/C 300mm